The New York Herald Newspaper, April 19, 1875, Page 5

nee Centennial of the Gallant Concord Fight. OUR FIRST RED LETTER DAY The Battle Ground of Liberty an Elysian Field, DECKING THE REVOLUTIONARY RELICS, How Lexington and Concord Honor Their Sires. ‘HAIL, NEW ENGLAND! Massachusetts Ablaze With Goodly Memories. THE RELIGION OF PATRIOTISM Brilliant Address at the Old North Church, Boston, by George B, Loring, THE LANTERNS HUNGOUT The Days of Religious Zeal and Manly Courage. TRUTH AND FREEDOM. Pulpit Heroes-—-Chauneey, Cooper, Eliot and Lathrop. REV. DR. CUDWORTH'S ADDRESS. Home Memories for the Grand Army of the Republic, HON. RICHARD FROTHJNGHAM'S LECTURE, What Led Up to the Struggle Against Foreign Demination. Dr. Adams Preaches at Lexington. SERMONS IN THIS CITY. The President in Church at Concord. THE CENTENNIAL SHOT. A New Point in the Question— Who Fired It? ‘A MIDDLESEX MAN'S LETTER. Said Deacon Hayward, “Concord Found the Ground and Acton the Men.” GLORY ENOUGH FOR. ALL. Boston, April 18, 1875, ‘This city Was as much excited to-uay over ihe Salemi ations &t Concord aad Lexington tu-morrow if Boston itsei: was tae sceue oO: the dispinys Mich Bre to vigawlize tue doy, Btrangers arsived ém the city by ali the eariy trains, avd the hotels Were crowded with visitors from New York, Patia- Gelpuia aud otner cities. Waiie Boston was tous Overrun by ‘aogers, al! tho Mostenians woo Bould gol away, especisily those who will ve Boubie to participate io the festivities to-morrow, A of to (he great cenires uf attraction on this Cecasiou. Jn voth piaces, where the festivities are to be Celebrated, the scene Wasa busy one. Livery nis toric spot, irom Camoridge to Coacurd, was visited by long limes of pilgrims, and the aecora- Cons and taditions distinguishing the many points of interest were discussed with much ant- mation by @ muititude of .reedom’s sons, who Knew very iittie of the events acd tho objects they Were talxing about, and o8 provincial New Eng- land could Wo notuing without preaching a sermon Over it Or Lesore it, oF after it, so repuvlican New Bogiand iouod it i@poxsidie to celevrate tac past Without @ Feasowabie amount of preucoing. In Concord the principal discoorses were vy the Rev. Grindali R yooids aau the Rev. Josiah P. Cooke, the lutter of Buston; aud in Lexingioa the sermon Was preacned by that cistingutssed New England clergyman, the Kev. Dr. Wiliam Adams. Tue services hela in the Unitarian churca at Concord this morning were attended by the Presicent @ud party, Durmg the day time party drove to the historic points and imapectea them, in couwpany with the Hon, E, R. Hoar. An iniormul reception was held iw the afternoon, The President, in his movements, ‘Was received without any sien of popuiar ovation Over 2,500 strangers were in town to-day, aud ac eonmosations are aiready at 4 premiam., The adorned With imnumerabie fags, and ming the decorative ot the celebration were completed and a: enidicent, Many privace resiaences are eluburately festuoned With colors, Tie mammoetu tent on the Provincial Purade Ground is in readi- ness jor divner and upptopriately orna- Mented with mottoes ana banners, The arn faogementa for tomorrow are complete in every respect, and the Various commit tees seem to have periormed toe auiies with remarkable faiinuluess. The Rev. Mr. Cadwortn, of Bast Boston, also prenci & Memorial disconrse, and the emiment historian othe Revolutionary period, Richard Prothingaam, Gelivered an interenting Sunday evening Jecture beiwre the Young Mou'a Ubristian Uniea of thin ity, O08 “The Shot Heard Round the Word.” THA OLD NOTH CACROM IN BOSTON, BOWE ih Salem wieeet attne Nortu Bad, is one Of the ‘traditional and ancient structures of a century’ ago, in the shape of the Old North church. lts history and kindred associations have already been tully described in tue Heratp. This eveaing the spire showed forth Its lanterns the same as & hundred years ao to-night. Within there were commemorative und appropriate exercises, cer among Which was the follwing addres< by Presl- deut Loring, of the Massachusetts seaate:— GEORGE B. LORING’S ORATION. Pattow Citizens:—1t seeme to have fallen to my lot, on this centennial yoar of the earliest steps of the great American Revolution, to dis- cuss those significant and heroic events which attended the opening of the conflict, and which first gave evidence of the defiant spirit of free- dom which characterized the fathers of the Republic. Itis but a tew weeks since I was called on to present the picture of revolutionary Salem, and to payatribute to her magnimaty and her honor, when her “one hundred and twenty-five patriots declared in written address that they had common cause with the oppressed town of Boston, and would in no way take ad- vantage of the prohibition of her trade;” and to summon the attention of a grateful people to the brave stand taken by Pickering and bis men atthe North Bridge, at an hour when British power was yet considered supreme and Ameri- can valor was yet untried, And in this service Ido indeed rejoice. It was the daw’ @ great heroic chapter in histor marked by the most brilliant and with the freshness and vigor of uprisiy day. The heroes who set the first watch-lices are tho heroes whom we love. We indeed admire tho majestic march of great arraies and are im- pressed with the thunders of the captains and march of the little band, which, unaided by civil power, withoutan inspiring past or a supporting present, or even an open- ing future, saliies forth, strong in itself alone, to strike the first blow and to set the first inspiring example. It is so great and noble to lead the way that we worship him who does it. He who starts forth in a holy cause without fear of consequences or hope of reward is crowned at once as the hero or is cherished as the martyr. And the simple vator of the opening conflict as far outshines the imposing tumult of great bat- tles and the glittering pageantry of victory as the glory of the morning rises superior to the blaze of noonday or the mud light of the setting sun. We doimdeed rejoice over the dav at York- town, but we linger around Pickering at North Bridge, and Parker at Lexington, and Davis at Hsten and listen and usten to the words of Quincy and Otis and Adams, and wander along the dark passages of the town with Dorr and Re- yere, and climb the mysterious stairways with the sexton to hang out the signal lantern irom the North church steeple, aud muse with ever pew delight upon the thoughts and emotions which inspired the heroic actors in these tas- cinating scenes. AND 80 IT COMES TO PASS that the event which we have met to commem- orate is full of charm and meaning, and arrests our attention with a furce which cannot be re- sisted. The part performed by the community which a hundred years ago occupied the spot where we bave now assembled has a deep and protound interest, equalled only by the deuds which rendered Marathon and fhernx:pyle, und Ghent, and Burges, and Plymouth, the immoital pames for heroism and seif-sacritice, The teavle ray shed from this church spire on the night of April 13, 1775, shone not simply to warn the mass- sengers of their duty toward the slumbersog patriots along the road to Lexington and Oon- cord, but it streamed across the land as asignel from revolutionary Goston toa people deterzained to be freo, Alieady was tho town fixed as the North Star of freedom in the firmament of the heavens, Not populows, she was already great and poworful. Her churches and her schoolhouses were even then her pride. Her people bad jor generations manilested a lofty tone of character, and had been guided by that integrity and honesty which has alweys marked her career. Her prosperity was universal. Her populer leaders were men of great power. Otis, with bis flaming tongue; Samuel Adawsa, with his deep and untiring courage and sagacity; John Adams, with his impetuous impulse; Hancock, with his dignity and deti- ance; Joseph Warren, with bis fresh and vigor- ous enthusiasm and hie manly determination; Josiah Quincy, Jr., the silver-toague@ orator of freedom, and Pauli Revero, ‘the great leader of mechanics” and tlie vigilant and sleeplows de- fender of popular right. Hor divinea, Chauncy and Cooper and Riiot and Lathrop, thundered from their pulpits in the cause of freedom, so that the enemy said of them:—“Some of the ministers ara continually in their sermons stir POP TE. = which lately happened in toie neighoorhood, where the minister, to get his hearers to sign some inflammatory papers, advanced that the signing of them was maternal circumstance to their salvation, on which they flewto the pon | with an eagorpexs that suficieutly tevtifed ther belief sn their pastor.” Of her mechanics Frothingbam eloqeentiy saye:—“The Poston mechanics, as a general thing, wore the early and steady supporters of the patriot cau No temptation could adiure them, no threats could terruty them, no tore argument could reach them. In vain did the loyalists endeavor to tamper with them. ‘hey certainly carry all be« | ' { ' ' | j } Hl | fore thom,’ a letter says. As THE TROOPS THICKENED IN BOSTON some living in town and some fiom the country, without much thonglit, accepted the chances to work on barracks for their accommodation, It did not, however, Jast long. “Shs morning,” Newell writes, September 26, 1774, ‘all the carpen- ters of tre town aud country that were employed in building barracks for the soldiery left off | work at the barracks.’ British god could not bay Boston Jabor. ‘New Engtnd holds ont wonderfully,’ a letter in September says, ‘not- withstanding hundreds are already ruined and thousands half starved.’ Loyalists from abroad | were astomshed at such obstinacy. Gage wes disappointed and perplexed by the refusal. Is was one of the disappointments that met him at | every turn. ‘I was premature,’ he writes Lord Dartmou.h, October 3, 1774, 4n telling Your Lordship that the Boston artificers would ork tor us. This refusal has thrown us imto difficul- | ties.” He sent to New York ior workmen. The | | j Boston mechanics, through their comoysittee, sent a letter, expressing their confidence “that the tradesinen of New York would treat tho ap- plication as it deserved.’ The Governor was at | length successiulia getting mechanics fron New | York and other places to work for mm. The patriotic mechanics of Boston were doomed to a long season of trial and suffering.” The offitiais of tne town Were as cnergetic as the people. Cinbvs abounded throughout the piace, Caucuses | were in irequent seasion, and were at- ' tended py ail the powerlul and Jeading ye were 90 careful,” Paul Revere writes, “that our mectings should be kept secret, that overy time we met every person swore ape the Bible that he would not discover any of ont transactwna but to Messrs. Hancock, Adams, Dra. Warren, Chureh and one or two more.” ‘Che Boston press exprossed 10 every variety of way the pop- iar sentiment whieh wns tins cultivaed by men of the time. pulpit and rustrum and ouerhed iu the club bid oanous, ‘Loe town way for years the theatre of intense popular feeling and unticing pa a or Fos! « Roth Susgied owt o a bjuct ive, ite Vasinors waa i Oy iva port streaks of hght, and which charms t) 9) 5 | the shouting; but now our very hearts move | within us as we contemplate the midnight | Concord, and Preszott at Bunker Hifl, and we | closed, its numerous shipyards were silent, its people were rapidly reduced to poverty and want, And yet while bowed down with all this suffering and sorrow, her people kept watch on the dangers which surroundea the country and forgot not thé exposure of those who were re- moyeu fiom the immediate scene of th» conthet. ‘Rue spwe of Christ Cuureh, where we are now assemb.ed, tamed forth in the begiuming, und the worsuippers of Curist Charch, mspired with @epuil Of pauiotiem as Mme Weuton, erected Wituin these Wale Lue frst munuwent dedicated to Lim whose faith and courage aeavered his count.y trom tue oppressor, aud whose wiedoum guided ber ip her in/aucy, WHILE CONTEMPLATING WITH ADMIRATION this proud and revo.utionury spir.t of HLoston a hunurea yeurs ago, we shodld not forget the circumstalces by which the people of that day were surrounded. ‘fben not a Ireeman’s foot pressed the soulon which we now tread. ‘hey > gubjects of the crown, who wrested from a iyrent’s grasp those weapons which were to be iised fora tyrant’s purpose. And not by acci- L dent, not by impulse, but taught and impelled by the events of years, did our citizens of that day oppose by foree every attermpt at violent nubjuyation. From the ‘earnest settlement of the country there was a spontaneous growth of representative governments. ‘Ube colonial legis- iatures sprang into existence without concert of action on the partof tie colonies, witbout special ‘ant, but as it were from a popular idstinct, which tay at the foundation of tha. coustitu- ticnal freedom wich oar fathers sought on this Coutinent, “A House of Burgesses broke out in Virgina ix. 1620,” says Butensnson; and “‘al- thougu there vas no color tor it in the cbarter a vf ‘etts, a House of Mvputies yew ie 4654." All atcempts 4 “Lord Say tewpced au 2 .. Massuchusetts tu make ibe 4 vheir heirs novles and absolute MC © ‘Uvse ©. @ Rew coiony, but under this plan t* > .ould find no people to iollow them.” Tne co.vuists were not to be led away trom that principie of government, which was tne great prize in the new world, und ror the possession of wuich they braved the dangers ot the sea, and welcomeu the gioom and horrors of a suvage wiiderness. For noimiug came trom Europe but a free people—a peuple determined to leave be- | hind them all those social and political dis- Sinctions which ages tad fixed there, and to pring with them a new charter of freedom, a mew gospel tor the healng of the nations, Under the bemignant muuences of tree govern- ment thus iounued, without ostentation and dis- play, an intelugent, trugal and industrious peo- ‘ple rose to & state of general prosperiy and ) wlevation unkuown before. for neariy one hun- { dred wud titty years the work went on, silenly snd imperceptibly, until there sppeared be- fore the staiesmen of the old world a vig- orous, defiant, untameable young nation, whove poktical phiiosophy was cxpounded by Jette: gon and branwnu, whose o1utors and warriors were Warren aud Hancock and Washington, and Patrick Henry, and Putnam and Greene, and the two Adaumses, before whose Haming words the orators of nngland grew dumb, aud before wuose tlaming swords the warrio:s of England Jaid down their army “he attewpt of reat Britain to deprive the | colonies of that representative system of which | bhave spoken hastened on the Ke-oution. ‘Lhe pussage of the Stamp Act and tue Port bill feil upon tae minds of a spirited and jealous peov.e wake a decree of boudage. ihe presence of bodies of urmed men, mstead of producing that itntzmidanon which was expected, served only to eut the colonies in a common bond tor cmutuwi support and protection. ddistory presents no paraliel to the dovotion exhivited by the various coionies then compos- ing our country, seattered as they were over a durge extent or teiritory, and bound together, uot by common interest, but by a common an ali-pervading sentiment of freedom, in Boston the opposition to tuewppressive acts of the mother county had beeu must vigorous; to Bostun the torture which should produce sub- mission was applied; aud around Bustoa the erties und towns aud culontes clustered with hearts fall of sympatny aud bands fault of aid. On tue 10tn of May, 1/74, “the act closing tue port of oston, transferring the Bourd ot Cos- tous to Marolebead, and the sevt of government to Salem, reached the devoted town.” trom that hour the work began. Tne counsel aud advice o: the surruunding town: were axked by Boston, aud given; tae poor were prov.ded tor in view of the coming tral; and the mhavitaats, by tne hand of Samuel Adams, made their touch.ng appeal “ to ali sister colonies, proais- ing to sutier ior America with a becommy torti- | tude, conutessing that singly they might tind | their trial too severe, aud cutreating uot to be | lett to struggle a.oue, waen tne very beimg of every vu.ony, Cousidered as @ treo people, do- pended oa the event.” Tho cause of Boston became common cau} for the o.uer important wwus ol the colon, ‘he merchants ot Newvuryport were the first | Who agrced to suspend all commerce with Britain j und Jreaud. Saem, also, the p.aco marked out | as the new seat of governuient, in a very iuil | town meeting, aud alter sume impassioned de- | bates, decided almost unanimously to stop trade 1 | i not with Britain opiy, but even with tue West Jodies aud the co.onies or Great Britaio, A hundred aud twenty-five of the merchants ot | Salem protested against turning the trade of | Boston into their own harbor, saying, ‘We must be lost to all ieclings @ humanity could we in- dulge one thought vo seize on weaith and raise our lortunes on ‘THu KUINS OF OUR SUFFERING NEsGuCORS.” Tue bis‘orian of the United States tuils us thet &9 soon As the true Character of act c.oning the port 0; Bouton became known in America, every colony, @m2ry city, every village. and, as it were, the ldsuaces Of every larm huuse, felt it as a wound of their alloctions. The towns of Mussa~ ebusetts abounced in Kind oiices. The colonies vied with each other in liberal.ty. The record keps in Boston shows that the pawiotic sud gen- eroué poopie of south Ceroliua were the first to minister to the sullerers, sending carly ia Juae two huodred barrels of rice, aud promising eght | Wundred more. At Wilulogion, N. U., the sum } Ol two thousand pounds currency waw raised ia law Guys; the Women of the pace gave libe eruly; Parker Quince offered his vesee) to carr, | w load of provisions freigit iree, and master an | Mariners yoiuatwerod to pavigate ber without | Bim hes Lora North nad caued the Amerivaon | Union a rope of saud. “Lt is @ rope of sand | @ul bang Lim,” said the puople of Wilmington, fs (buir hearts Warmed toward thoir suffering brethren in Boswn. Harttord was the first place in Conuecticut to pivdyo tte assistance; wut the oarueat douation received wus of two hundred and tity sheep from Windt: “Phe taking away Oi Givil liberty will invol 01 redgious berty also.” wrote the aiuisvers of Oouncetivat to the minwters of Bostoa, cheer- iug them to bear their heavy load “with Chris tian fortitude nnd cesoiniion.” “While we com- plain to heaven and eartn of the crueioppression , We asovibe righteousness to God,” wi hoanewer. “Iho surprismy union of the colonies aiiords encouragowent, It is an inex. haustibie source of cumioct that the Lord God Omnipotent reiguoth,” said the pious and faith- ful suuls tarouy bout th ad who, stirred by the faith and becom and setf-nacritice of Hoston, adopted her great cause as (herr own. Tho wmait parieb ot Brooklyn, in Connectiont, through thei committee, of ‘winea Ierael Pat~ nam was & member, opeped ® curresponden with Boston, “Your zeal m favor ot liberty. they said, ‘has gained a uame that shail perish: but with the glorious constellations of Heaven;” and they mado an offermg of flocks of sboep and yambe, Throughvut all New iingland the towns sent rye, low’, peas, cattle, sheep, ofl, fish— natever the landor the hook and line evuld furnish—and sometimes gifts of money. Toe Frene mbabitants of Queboo, jormng with those of Enghsh origin, shipped’ 1,040 bashels of wheat. Delaware was so mich in earnest that sie de- ii 19 oF sending reliet to Bosvou annuaily. and ali Virginia were coutributing y and ebeerfully, bemgresolved that the men of Boston who were depr of their doily labor shouia not lose their daily bread, nor be compeiied to change their residence for want, | In Pairfax couaty Washington presided at a {| spirited meeting, aad heeded a subscrip- tion paper witn his own gift of 450, A special chronicle could hardiy enumerate all the generous deeds. beyond the migrants on the anks of the Shenandoah, many of them Germans, met at Woodstock, and, with Muilen- borg, then clergyman, soon to be a military ehief, devoted themselves to tbe cause of lib- thized with tne sons of Boston, Higher up the vailey ot Virginia, where the jough already vied with the rite, and the hardy Runtere not always ranging the habs, with ther dogs for game, bad also vegan to till the soul, tho summer of thet yeae ripened the wheat fields of the pioneers, nut for themseives alone, had been harvested and the ' corn threshed and ground, in 4 country as yoo | poorly provided with ne and mills, the back: | woodsmeu of Augusta county, without any pass | | | | | | | | ! | | | ; Blue Ridge the hardy { } i and sym ' } When the sheaves through the mountains that could be called » road, noiselosuly and mud: yA Aclivered at Frederick 137 barrels of four as their reuittance fo the poor of Boston. CObeered by the univer- sal ayurpathy, the inbabitan of this town “were | determined to bold cut wud appeal to the ju.- twe of the colonies and of the world ;* trustin, in God that “tuese toinus should be overrul | for the establisument ot liberty, pete YUNTOR AXD KApPINGs IN AMER! + While thw spirit of gonerous sharity, can never be forgotten, was displayed North | and South toward the principal object of the wrath of Great Britain, political movements | were also going on in the colonics, whose im- | portance was not fully appreciated in that day, ! and cannot be overostumated in ours, ‘The sym- pathy which for a time found expression in acts | of Kindness soon created a desire ior a more { practical and substantial Union; and the call | was universal jor a gencyal Congress. The Sons ot Liverty in New York, aithou,h at length over- wheimed bv the moderate men cf that city, pro- posed as their last act the assembling of a Cone ress for ibe co.onies, ‘Their appeal to New -ngland and to the Southern colonies was heard and answered—Philadelphia and New York, winch had then unfortunately, for a time, passed out of the bands of the Sons ot Liberty, alone giving * cool and feeble respouse, Baltimore at once’ und earnestly advocated | suspension of trade with Great Britain, anda | Congress, saying to the friends in Boston, “Lhe | Bupreme Disposer of all events will terminate | this severe trial of your patience in a happy | cuntirmation ot American freedom.” } New Hompshure and New Jersey joined heart- | ily in the movement. | South Carolina, although fressed with no | grievances, and dependent chiefly tor her trado on British factors, declared that “the whole Con- | | | tinent must be animated with one great soul, and #li Americans must resolve to stund by one angther even unto death.” eg Virginia, Joyal still, and entertaining no thought of revolution, guided by tue eloquence of Patrick Henry, tne wisdom of Lee and Wash- | ington, and the segacity and tearping of Jefier- son and George Mason, adypted in ita House of | Burgesses a resolution, which “was in itself a | solemn invocation of God, as tne witness of their | deliberate purpose, to rescue their hberties, even at the risk of being compelled to detend them with arms.” They selected the day on which the Boston Port act was to take effect as a day of Hheteeal | and prayer, And when, tor this act of disobedience, Lord Dunmore dissolved the House, a committee met at once, summoned a convention of delegates, and inaugurated a revo-~ | Intion. The influence of Virginia controlled Nort Carolina. ‘The colonies were now fully aroused, and so was Great Britain. Thurlow and Wedderburne | gayo their opimons that the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts was a treasonable body; and after long negotiations among the Mintaters, and yerious propositions, to all which the King turned a deaf oar, it was resolved in December, 1/74, to ‘interdict all commerce with Ameri- | cans; to protect the loyal, and to declare all | others traitors and rebels.” THE WINTER OF 1774-5 caME ON. The gulf between the colonies and the mother country aU pd deeper and broader continually. Gage had grown weary of endeavoring to con- trol the Provincial Assembly of Massachusetts, and had proceeded to fortify Boston, Twenty | thousund volunteers from the inland counties | had marched toward Boston on tbe seizure of powder and field pieces in Medford, and had sor- rowfully dispersed because they were told that the hour had not yet come. “Uutside of Boston tho King's rule wis at an end.” All attempts of the crown judges to hold coarts in the province failed. Oliver, the impeached Chief Justice, had deciared it impogsible to exercise his office, as none would act as jurors, The Suffolk Conven- tion had met, and wnder the lead of W_rrea, to whom Samuci Adams, who was now 1m Congreas, | had intrusted the guidance of afiuirs ia Massa- chusetts, had resolved, “that the sovereign who | breaks his compact with his people forteits their allegiance.” By their duty to God, their country, themselves and their posterity, they pledged | tbe country to maimtain their civil and religious | liberties, and to transmit them entire to fature | generations, They rejected as uncorstitutional | the regulating act ot Parlament and all the oii- | cers appointed under ita authority, Attributing | to the British Comman:er-in-Cbief hostile inten- | tions, they circcted tae collectors of taxes to | pay over no mouey to the treasurer whom he | recognized, They advised the towns to erect for themselves oflicers of the militia from such | as wore intlexible friends ofthe rights ot the | people. for purposes of provincial government they advised a Provincial Congress, while they yrowised respect and obedience to the Conti- nenta! Congress. ‘They determined to act on the defensi.e toward Great Britain so long as | such conduct might be vindicated uy reason and the principles of self-pres- ervation, but no looper.” Congrces, tov. bod met, and Patrick Henry, and Samnei Adams, and John Adams, and George Washington, and Jobn itutiedse, and Rictard Henry Lee, aud Roger Sherman, had declared that “anu entire new xoverument must be found- ed; and that onr ancestors found here no gov- ernment; and as a consequence bad a mght to make their own.” Insupport of this the elo- yang ot Patrick Henry burst like a torrent m his native hil's. By his side stood the in- trepid and xecompushed Lee. “The right arm of Wastington was nerved at once for the xreat service which soun Cevolved upon hima. Joun Adams, acute, impassioned, learned from tbe best New England schools, bore the cause on | through all opporitiou, Woile Samuel Adams, { “githouga by uo means remarkable tor brilliant abuaties,” carried the great proposition home to the people, and with @ skill which no taction could resist and gave to the opening revolution all the tone and manliness and ancomp! ing resolve of his own undaunted spuit. But let 1t not Le suppowed, my friends, from | this radiant record of patriotism and devotion won by Loston even at the verv dawn of the revolu- | tion that it was secured without an intense of do- mestic conflict. The path traversed by t.w Sons | ot Liverty was by no weans easy. The division | of scntiment Lere was sharp and violent. The peace of fomiuies was invaded, Lrowher being almost ready to oetray the brother unte doath, | and tatber the son. There was a great popular sen- | timent for the cause of freedom, it iv true, and | whonover the inspired orators of that day pro- nounced ther solemn aud laid down their sublime principics common poople heard them giadly.” But we should not torgot that the struggle which at this distant day up- pease so spot oss and sincere was attondod by all | tho bitterness and warmth and misunderstand. ing and amas and suspicion that belong to all heated political contosta, Many a cultivated und bonest and conscientious gentiemau of that day | ohsreed our white-robod saints with the basest motives ot venalityand ambition. Many e hero at | whose shring we now worsiip, deuswaced a8 a monster of mall The sharpest weapous to which our patiiot | fathers in this town bared their bozoms were | | mot the swords of an ovprei i keenest javalia which thoy were oumpeile:l to boar were not thos» which fell from the lips of | omoial insolence, Tho burdext blows inteted | Upon them wore those whieh they reosrved from the hands of thor life-long wiates, their neighbors end imenda, from whom they boda | right to expect @ judgment tempered with merry, and ® recognition of their ohedience to their own conscientio meso ofduty, They were derided as the ‘‘Boston saints.” into whom “the dewons of folly, falsehood, madness and | robeliion seem to have entered, along with their | ehiet, tho Ange! of Darkness.” They were de- | nounced ag men “those ambition wantonly | opened the sources of civil discord.” They | were told, with righteous indignation, that “the annals of the world have not yot been de- formed with a singie mstaice of so wanatnral, 80 causeless, 80 Wanton, so Wicked a rebeilion. The young patriots or Boston were declared to | he bred up hypocrites in religion and pettifog- gora inlaw. And the self-sacriiicing merchants | of the town, wuo had risked ai) they had for | them country, wore taunted with assembling on | el important occasions 1m Faneuil Mall, in the | House of Kopreseutatives or im the Couneil Chamber, to listen to wise and learned har- | 0 d to pass treasonable votcs and | resolves, while “hombly beseecbing the 4 mighty to stance torth the champion of rebellion YEAG AFTER YEAR THE STORM RAGED | ard many a young mauin revolutionary Boston lad never known the delights of social tran- | quility and confidence. or the joys of civi! repose, | Not, however, asa violent political contest, alone, | not as a W-riu State and society, not a8 a div | ion on matters of the law, dous the stormy cun- flict of the fathers come down to us. Betweon | the colouies and the mother country there | | was im that day | ce and revenge, ; was an ecclesiastical bond, ia which were in- volved the strongest faith, the gentlest piety the most atdent Obristiau devotion. While our | fathers demanded freedota to worship God ac- cording to the dictates of their ovn consciences, and reiused to be dictate. to in matters of re- ligion, and set aside the book of Common Prayer, aud forbade the observance of Christ- mas, thoy set forth styling themselves “children of the Church of Engiand,” and sa children tuey bore their motber always iu affectionate regar It should not be forgotten that while Pantan Boston was especiaily beloved by all the non- conformists, there wae from the bevinning an element in the Petpet town tor which the established charch and the erown always felt the warmost interest and tue tendercst love. And when im 1722 it was determined to butid a church at the north en of Boston, the Charen of Eny- land, a8 was said, at the south pait of Boston not being large enouga to coutain all the people | that wonld come to it, the nobility of England, | ond many weaithy devotees of the Church in the | British colonies, contributed libera'ly to ite | fundation. “sir Harry Faukiand, who lived on Garden Coury street, next to Governor Hut:nioeoa, and to whose house Benjamin Frank. jin came as & newsboy, wrote in 17:8:—"Obriat oharen bi ge tower, & fine ring of ovwit whiob | Wells, 6 Ueeetitui wtoepic, ond having an elevated | ber triais then, and with What warm and gonuine | | country’s history with great names and groxt | | come NEW YORK “HERALD, MONDAY, APRIL 19, 1875.-QUADRUPLE SHERT. situation it may be accounted a noble structure for thts part of the worid.” In the communion late of this church may be found two flagons, a arge chalice, a patten, and a plate called a ‘re- cerver,” and used to receive the alms and other devotions of tue pec ple, on which are inscribed these words: “The gift of His Maesty King George iI, to Const Church, at Boston, New England, at the request of His Excelency Gov. Belcher,’ 1739.” To the church the king also gave, with tne affcction of a iather, a folio Bible and two toho Prayer Books. And when the Rey. ‘Timothy Cutler, the first rector of thiy cbureh, a man of profound learning, ‘a noble orator, and aman of great ongnity and commanding pre- sence,” renounced Congregationalism, passed through ail the fiery trial to which every convert is subjected, and went to London to take orders, he was received with especial kindness by the Dean of Canterbury, whom he found in the very act of reoding big declaration to the members of the Cathedral body, who also received him with open arms. This church, therefore born as a savorite child of the ecclesiastical establishment ot Englund, was the home of a kin youmne and religious loyalty when the great drama of the revolution first opened. It was not a mere political question wiich entered here—but a } conscientious recognition of the obhgations | created between the power which bestows eccle- siastical orders, and those which receive them. It was this sentiment which gave to the de- | clining days of the Rev. Mather Byles, Jr., tho a touching record. ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO THIS NIGHT, Easter Tuesday, Aprii 18, 1775, his rectorship | here ceased. Ho le!t on account ot his loyalty. | He had promised to conform to the English Liturgy; he realized keenly that be was a mini ter under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Lo; don, and he patidntly Sumer poverty and pre- | scription for that tori of faith which he ad { sworn to defend. It was this teature of the early | revolution in Boston whica we contemplate with | peculiar reverence, and around which xather the | sentiest and noblest sentiments of the humana ! eart, Free from the violent rancor of mere | political difference, it claims from even those | who can neither understand nor approve, that | tender and reverential charity which a truly Christian heart always feels towaid differing fornis of Christian faith. It was this sentiment of religious loyalty, Soising in une church, which gavo a peculiar interest to the event we have met to commemorate. For it was against | an antagoniem which J have thus described and surrounded by the difticulties which attended it, | that Paul Revere, filled with patriotic daring, ropoged to use 3 church fe abandoned by a | oyal rector, as a beacon light for the patriots just about to strike therr first blow for freedom. How sudden and completa the change! As the | representative of roval power in Church and | State steps down in obedience to the dictates ot | his conscience, the representative of a strug- gling people takes his piace, und at once, as by | @ decree of Providence, the destiny or this church i; changed and its history 18 immortal. For more tban baif a century it had stood, the emblem of a great religious faith; iu an iustant it rose toa still hizber duty and became the eignal of an neroic effort to preserve a free con- science to the believers, and free citizensbip pike ail its opportunities to the masses of man- ind. It was a great spirit which led to this event. Paul Revere, at whose command the sudden transtormanion of this church took place. and whose will Robert Newman was but too proud ta obey, was one of the noblest representatives of a watchrul, patieat and determined people, whose name has passed imio history, He bas lett behind him no great declarauonus; but he has leit an exampio of untiring vigilance and thorough compiebension of an emergency, which will never be forgotten. Paul Kevere and his band of Boston mechanics are as mucha part of the Revolutionary history ef our country as Faneuil Halland the Gld Suuth church, Lo Samnel Adams he furnished the voting power of the club aad tire polls; to Johu adams he sup- plied tbe body guard tor the great aud stormy conventions and assemblies aot Faneuil Hall; to James Otis ho gave a popular response to his grand appea's for freedom; to John Hancock he Maniiested that sturdy and commanding judg- ment of the masses of mavkiud which won him over to the cause of freedom, and led bim away trom the temptations of luxury «nd wealth, to the toil and trial wich gave him bis immor- tality; to the endangered peopic he gave the signal, and then becume the warniog messeny: er, who, torough the watches of the night, sounde the alurm, and prepared them ior THE IMMORTAL MORNING WICH DAWNED FoR OUR COUNTRY onthe biood-staiued tielus of Lexington and Concord. filled witn tbe spirit or his Hugue- not ancestry, te entered with an untiring zeal into the pudle sgrvice of his country in carly lite and Was among the foremost to aid in estad- lishing the power of the Ang.o-Saxon on this concinent ip tue old French and Indian war, He was a skilrul mechanic, but be was never sat- | istied until be had turued his skill into the pa- | triotic cause o his times. He must have had | unusual tdelity and a wit which never torsook him; ior on all umportant crises he it was who Owried the tidings aud appealed ior sympathy andaid. He was swift and impetuous enough | tor Warren and sagacious euough for Sumuel | i last rector of this church under tho King, such | i | Adams, He was @ g.puine representative of revolutionary Boston and bis deeds will always Temain ® part of the annals of bis oa town, upon nich the historian wail love to dweil and trom whieb the poet will drew inspir- | ation tor lis highest tribute to what 1s heroic sud devoted in h iow man. Asan example of eternal revolutionary history. 1 have devotud myself this evening, my fellow- citizens, to the deeds performed by Goston at | this earl staye of the Revolutionary war, whose | cevtennial anniversary we would be 1p ‘pli hencd celebrate. 1 have told you how weil she bore he bas no superior in our | sympathy she was regarued by every patriotic } Americab community during all ber toil and pri- | yation. She filled the most radiant pages of her deeds, And aa eac) succeeding event comes on, | during that period in which it tell to her lot to | perlorm tho must conspicaous part in the great Goutot for independence, she may well devote herself to the pious and gratetul duty which | e8 bere, conscionsa that im no hour of bei eo vp tte rg et corn in bong | early days, Otie ao cy & nis spoke, — Revere wateved, Wasren died, Washingtoa fought And when in lator time t! i turoed upon her and her couutry, member with pride that for her the voicos of Everett and Sumner and Andrew wore pited up, | while pearly thirty thousand of ber young men | rallied in defence of the ropubiic. Anduow hav- | ing done her duty in the ounflicte of the past, may the century which is i ge upon her be a | century of peace, filiod with all those achieve- ments in thought, morais and rohgion, which are oe true glory of a poopie whose is the rd. Vice President Wilson was present, but did not | Speak. Among thore who did express themaoiros | wore General Hawiey, of Barviord; Rev. R. ©. | rou, Colonel Henry Walker and Samuel H, | Newman, the later ason of the old patriots woo j hung ont the lanteros a handred years ago. OTHER RELIGIOUS CULRBRATIONS. In East Goston thore were commemorative cere- monies, wnich were aisu largely attended. The principal feature was a sermon by Rev. W. HL Cudworth. THE SERVICES. The services were opevei by the band, who played Keller’s American hymn, aiter which the entire audience united in sioging “America.” Proyer &na Seripvure succeeded, tolowed by the hymna Gone are those great and good Wno here, 19 port, id Aud raised he vn Peace to y reverend dead | ‘The unt that on their head ihe passing years have sued, Saat ne'er grow dia. A discourse, fonoded upon Galatians, 6tn chap. ter anda portion of the 13th verse ywed, the text being “Calied unto Liverts.” The preacher maiotaiued—first, that our revolutionary sires were called unto liberty, 98 mnuch as they were extied into being; that Divine Providence laid upon them the solemo and unavoidabie responsi- | binty of clearing the way for a tree and independent government among the offete monarchies, the aze-worn and Yottering despotisme of the World; that the most advanced ond comprevensive minds in Europe, England abd America, Joresaw this years belore the war broke out, and made predictions accordingly, and tue wreprersibie and unavoidavie condict which followed was only the natural fruit ot rations and centuries of previous preparation, to whicn God in hin Wi-dom had brougut the seitiers in America and their deacendaots, as soon as time had made itripe. The spiit of liberty was au uns2eo 1nfvence Siling the bearta, absorbing rue Minds and inspiring toe souls of the Tathers, be. cunse they had Bot attained anto it, It was like a Mone of IN@Auaativie Lreasures all UNWorked, ‘or | ® VOR! Tegion OF KOUNdless resources, Ol BosuTe veyed, and tho vagerness Wey = préased §=furward toward with = Which ia Donaee 5 sion and the determination they evinced w eecure gnd retain it, we can only understand when We recall the alacrity with which they re sponded to the wall of duty and pledged co its die charge their lives, their fortuoes and tngir sacred honor. When the aiarm belis rang out from the eburcn steeples of Micdlesex county their pene trating protests agains’ British outrage :m we arrest Of unefeuding citizens, aud the destruction of property not their own, and GB: itish crime in the Wanton assussination of uncosdemnea sub,ects om Lexington common and Concord fields, not an eat but tingled with indignation at thetr tones, pot @ soul but filled with patriotic lerverto response, and as minute men burried on tout and rode of horseback irom tie Jarms, the snops, toe homes end siop ing ces of pearly forty difereat towns fo find onc what al this meant, and to report im preparation for any emer. sevey that might arise. Unere was something in the enthusiastic ourbarst of popular Jeenng woich betokened ab eveut of more taan ordinary noportince, Tae people were cailed unto liberty! Liberty, in the teird putes, meant to our ancestors the rij ‘o thibk, 10 fet, to legisinte, to judge and decide jor tuemselves, For that reason the Paritans left the mother country 10 1620, braved the winter storms of the Atiantic ip @ vessel small and tral, endured a snecesstor of hardships o: the most trying description, uungered, shivered, Siekened, died; bri ved ‘sming, pestilence and tne revenge oO. hostie Indiana, an? finally enjoyed what bad cost so much and Was worth so much, REIMGIOC> LIBERTY AND CIVIL LIBERTY. It was a boon vo precious to be sold tor at price, and woen 10 Was assaiiecd and jeopardize: by the various acts 0) British ageresston occurring previ us t 1775 the time nad almost come tor ttt armed defence. That time was precipirated; and the cris brought aovut at Lexing. ton and Goncord, in the fourth piace, by the needless siaugnter of Americins on the 19th o: April, 1775, Who nad assembte mpiy to assert iheir riguts, protect their property and gave their iriends from unjust arres’; tne vot headed impetuosity of a Britasn «Mcer, somewhat under the influence of hquor, douotless, aod backed by the conviction of his men thac the prow Vincials aid Hot wish to fight and would not dare to dwit even ior their rugits, ied to the opening fire, ana with the frst muskec Masa the war flames were kindied. The réal character of tae Briusa government was then unveiled. ly became Cleary apparent that the colonists Were to ve cons quered or killed. ‘The issue was Jomea, tne die cas’, the War must goon. All the events of April 19, the 19svlent and marderins ussauit at Lexing- ton, the battle at Concord Bridge, the re‘reat to Bostoa, with the wreguiar and deadly fire irom woocs, tences, hill teps and boilows apon toe panting regulars mage more emphatic aud dee cided tals conviction, that the war had com menced! {[t must be jought out to the bitter end. Lexington anu Concord, therelore, oegan what Bunker Hill, Monmouth, Princeton, Brandywine, Eutaw, Saratoga and Benningtoa contiaw and Yorktown eaded., To Mas-acausetrs and u towns of Middlesex county belongs the bonor of @ hearty response to Liverty’s trat call; to Lae thire teen Ostgiual States, with toeir scattered and Various p pul tions, the credit of vringtog to Trinmph.nt conciusion the struggle whien thi call precipitated, Let us not iorget to accord hono’ Where ponor 1s due, and forever mamtaim What we dave so freely received. ‘The discourse was foliowed by the hymn com mencing == ho, whea darguess gathered o’er us, Foes and deatn on every s.ae, Clotned in glory, walked beiore as, Leading On, like tsrael’s guide ? Twas Jenoven! He, spvearing, Showed fia banuer lar anu wide, “Paal Revere’s Ride,” vy Heary W. Longfellow, was tho, read, in an excellent manner, oy Mr, Hoses HL Linco.w, master o! toe Lyman Grammar Seno, Another patriotic piece was performed by the bana, and alter the entire congregation bad jomed in siaging the “Old Huodred,”” From ali that dweli below tne sxtes, necompanied by the band and full «ryan wita thrilling ect, a benediction closed the services aud Lue audience dispersed, MR. FROTHINGHAM’S LECTURE. The follow:ng is the lecture of the Hon, Richard Frothinghbam above alluded to:— Mr. Frothingham began by saying that the lan- terns are again, after one hundred years, 02 the tower of the Old NortnChuren. Cut now the voice within the editice 13 one of joy, of congratulation, of praise to God jor the gift of the generation Who established American liberty on American law. ‘Vhe old modest lantern served its time well and grandly, It summoned to such effect that the blood of tne “embattled farmers’? of twenty-three towns on the next day attested devouon to American lib erty. How did it happen tnat the sigoal arranged by Joseph Warren, of Boston, and Richard Devens, ot Charlestown, worked so completely as to warn the bands of 80 many towns and handreds ol Others to appear for duty? To auswer tus ques- tion It is necessary to glance at the political atte nation, to (race the connection betweeu Massa- ch *setts and a common country, to see how the enibodied esseace of a blooming nation gave girength to the biows of the (reemen of old Middle- sex, When those lantcras were nung out in 1775 there bad grown as the trees grow & system of rights aud liberties which may be termed Awerican. They were alao0 republican, They were held by the colonists to be protected by the sovereiguty or the Crown, but these customs and practices were lovked upon in Engiand as dane gerous, and every alministration from the time of Unaries II, had aimed to correct and chock them. The Stamp acc of 1765 Was but @& new form of an old Its 1@ peal was lollowed by Townshead Qcis of 1767, woes were aled in 1Thy ou ail but the duty on tea. en George attempted to couect this tax in 1778 it occasioned the cold stroke Of ite desiraction, Tuis deed was One of political Necessity. Ite object was to nals lily te Got and Rothing More. Tois broughtaowa design, me ontourst of sym. ‘Lis occasiuned @ no! Second— Lhe act ier the destracuon oF chusetts goreroweut, Tilia drvgwht tie Comuussioners oF Correspunaence, ot Nassacansetts to resist ugto lores, ou ot ee were flowing into Rusted the 4ime@ and gave the great pleage to hh Tosst the Hot. Sis0 Created an ussogia- tion of goueral law, ana provided for ite execation by Commissivners, nus there was @ general power, & ational ‘uncll, to Woich all sudmMitted, This is (he gréus ‘Si MApOFtADs Vitul Jact of tae hour, 1a Coed Chee to the Cumwmenod ol this po Mussachusette @u porized the Cowmities Oi Salety, aud ery; erod it (9 act for tue Cummouwoulib. They ap. wyured geueral omeors oom inuud wenover ¢ ti This body aarhorized aod & peTuon to cari oar cord, Neauume Bs thie was Bnown to General Gaye, Me nad 4,000 men. He Was wwstrected in the Most positive meaner t¢ execule (0@ NOW act ior MassachOsetts and Lo did arm the people. pediti Dio destroy tho stoi Tain Movements a to the gienadiers and light iutantty ona the boat: of the men-olwal tracted the notice OF the vigiiant patriots, ho coumoantoates wita Josopi Warten. On th Mug o} tue 18i1n he was told of the mov troops oo the Comm He rout Wall over the neck througa Roxbury and Paul Revere turough Charlestown. Then occurred the tide Mgnt Marea to Plupps Farm im boats, an unire- quented way to Union square, Somervilie, near where Wasnington s'reet cros4os Mili etreet; thea over Somerville around to Nerth avenue, to West Cambridge, taence ov to Lexington. THE FIRING OF GUNS. The country was a‘armed, and the scene on tne 19th Of April wf OF Loe miliitta Ia Concord. soon gathered, Then Jol. even o'ciock, tbe placing of struction of the KLOres, Ihe g of tho minate men af Actun aud Captain Widam sSmish, of Lin. coln volunteered to dislodge tne party at North bridge. Then came Buttrick, Rovinsoa and Davis, ‘T.@ fre commenced between ning and ten, killing avis asd Hosmer and tule luwed oy the retreat of the British. Bir, Frovnnatam relatea the history of tue dey, in Lex- vethe ps, the a Lincotn. | wna closed by saylug:—“Then commenced the War of the American Revoluuod,” and speaky’ Ol its tremenay eet He wuld :-—“1t Was a tuesia summons. THe st Ment ov: Woon, Of Country, of hatiooulty too press on Ly aM act Of War, There ts oulv gr acted wortally tor their country.” EXERCISES AT LEXINGTON. ~ LEXINGTON, April 18, 1876, ‘The inaugural oxercises of the great Centennial celebration properly began at seven o'clock this evening in tne Town Hall, including public ser vices and a discourse vy Key, William Adams, oi New York. The music was readered by a large chorus and a military band, The Gall was densely packed, hundreds be.ng unabie to gain admission, 7 roises Were Of & religious order and were exceedingly impressive and the od Gress of: Mr. Adams Was listened to wit marked aod Wrapt attention by the audience, DE, ADAMS’ SERMON. The following ts the sermon of the Rev, Wm, Adams, D, D. Deuteronomy, xxXxt, T—“Remen> ber the days of old; consider the years of mauy weneraiions; ask the Father aad He will show thee the eltors and they will teil thee.” Never the ciroumstonces in which wi are now assembled, We have met together fo CONTINUED OX TWELFTH PaAGh