The New York Herald Newspaper, February 1, 1875, Page 6

“ Loose Construction and Administration of Wea THE TINKERED TARIPP. Customs Rates Under the Chang:s in : Revised Code. A NEEDED TREASURY REFORM the Revenue Laws. Fernando Wood to the New York Chamber of Commerce. WASHINGTON, Jan. 29, 1875. Dzar Sim~So many letters of inquiry and com- plaint respecting the increased rates of duty which have been levied on merchandise imported wader the Revised Statutes have been addressed to me by business men in New York which deserve repiy, that | venture to avati myself of the Cham- ber of Commerce as a medium of answer toail by | Treasury upon an appeal to him ‘rom the collector | one communication. ‘That the revision enacted by Congress, June 22, | 1874, contains part of the laws, general and per- | Manent in their, nature, which were in force on | NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY. FEBRUARY 1, 1875—WITH SUPPLEMENT. nied. Indeea, the Treasury, in one portion of its re to desire to shield itself! re spousluiltty by the declaration that tne ‘laseifica: lions or Fates thus reporied from the leading ports “do Dot Im all cases conform to any autnor- ized construction or ruling made Ryeie by the department, and they are not in sacl cases ad- the prover construction of the law at 19 certain: pares en sosionion ie td Tespect to the administration of customs rev- The report of the Treasery Department, does not deny that a part of the changes which have been made under the revision been by its authority or direction. FOR THE CHANGES INADEQUATS AND PAL- Lacious. im hia r ply, concedes that “pre- versed since the revision, aud an attempt is to justity this reversal the ground t! the rulings of the department, and in the lon; Period from 1861 to 1874, some results must 0 | Sarily have been attained in the direction of undue | | concession, such as a rigid revision and condensa- | I tion of the law would require to be reversed;” tn other words, changes in rates of duty have come, because those who revised the laws intended to reverse. and did reverse, by legisiation the pre- vious rulings of the department. A law enacted tn 1842, and embodied in section 2,652 OL the Revised Statutes, makes it “the duty the Treagury relative to the execution of revenue laws; and in case any diMculty shall arise as to the true construction of meaning of any part ol the revenue laws, the decision of the Secfetary of the Treasury shall be conclusive and ninding all of the customs,” And by the lawa 1845, 1857 and 1 the substance of which is embodied in the Revised Statutes, the decision of the Secretary of the of customs in respect to the rate and amount of duty is Goal and conclusive upon tue government and every one else, unless the importer sees fit to | bring @ suit at law to test the correctness of such decision. Taereiore tne previous rulings of the redecessors in office of the present Secretary of Decem er 1, 1873, cannot be denied, for Congress | declarea as much in section 5,595 of that enact- ment. Whetser tue revision contains all the Jaws then in force must depend on an ex- | amination in a specitied case, to see. whether ® particular law has in any part been em- braced in the revision, for the last clause Of section 6,595 deciares that “all acts of | Congress passed prior to sald last named day | (@ecember 1, 1873), no part of wifich are embraced | im said revision, shall not be affected or changed by its enactmen'.” By “no pari” must be meant Bo part of the operative text of such law; and if bhis be so the seventeen volumes of statutes prior | to the revision may be a8 important in tari mat- ters now as they were velore June 22, 1874, be- cause there are many laws and joint resolutions | Feguiating the collection of tne revenue on im- Ports which contain not more than one or two sections, 1t cannot be denied either that Congress understood, and the country understood, that the Tevision was to be a jaitniul rejection of repealed laws and a trae expression of those which were | Wnrepealed on the 1st day of December, 1873, Abundant citations from the words of those di- | rectly reaponsible for the revision, aud looked to | by the two houses fur the iaithful execation of the | ‘work, Can be made tn proof of this from the pages | Of the Congressional Record oi the last session. = | LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE REVISION. | The principal iacts in regard to the revision are these :—On June 27, 1566, Congress authorized the President to appoint three commissioners ‘to re- . vise, simplily, arrange aud consolidate’’ tue stat- ules, The duration of the commission being prac- Ueally limited to three years, it was revived for three years more by the law of May 4, 1870, and finally the commussion reported in the form of two iarge volumes, printed by Congress. On March 3, 1873, Congress authorized a joint com. mittee of the two houses to accept, but did not ap- Prove or adopt, this report of the commissioners; to contract witn a suitable person to prepare, under the direction of the committee, the com, missioners’ report, and print ‘be same in the form of a bill, to be laid bejore Congress next Decem- ber. /hia proposition was introduced by General Burler, who said:—The work authorized is merely clerical.’’ The joint commi:tee was raised; it reported, as directed, to the House, through the chairman, on December 11, 1873, and the report, im the jorm oO! one large printed volume, was re- Jerred to the Committee on the kevision of the Lawes. Ou tails occasion Generai Butier said :— I desire to premise here that your committee telt It their bounden duty not io ailow, vo far as they could as- eer.aln, any change ot the law.’ ‘This embodies the law Os itis. e iemptaiion, of course, was very great, where a law sermed to pe imperfect, to perfect it by the alecrawon ot words and phiases. or to make some change. Buc thas temptaiion has, so far as I know and Delicve. been resisted. We have not attempted tochange the law in a single word or letier, so as to maxe @ differ ent reading or different sense, il tha: has been dune is to strike out the obsolete varts,and to condense ani consvlidace and ying tozether statuces ia pari materia ; go that you Nave here, except in so tar as it 18 human to err, the iaws of the United siales under which we now live. And it will be nece + it the bill passes Cone faves, that it shai: pass without any one undertaking to amend ine law asit stands in this revision; because, ‘once beginning to amend the revision by altering the law froin what it is will lead into an interminable sea, in which we shail never fad soundings and which will never find a shor. And on the same vagy ney this debate, the foliowing took piace tween Judge Poiana and mpyseli:— Mr, Woop—If the gentieman from Verment will per- | mit ine I would like to ask him a question. ‘The orkakeR—If. this matter consuines time the Chair ‘will tee! bound to throw it over. Mr. PoLaxp—I Go not intend to take any time myself, but f will hear the gentieman’s question. Mr. Wvon—It is, Whether there will be anything in this revision of the laws that we have notaiready im the statutes at larger Mr. roLaND—Nothing; at least we do not imtend there shail be. Here we have a clear exhibition of what the committee of the two houses intendea the re vision ssouid be. it was an elimination of obsviete provisions; @ condensaiion and cousolidatioa of statutes in par. Mnateria. On the 15th of the next month dir. Poland in- formed the House that he was directed by the Comuittee on the Revision of tne Laws to report back the otil, and, by unanimous consent, tne House undertook to sit two evenings Of eacn week in Committee of the Waoie for its considerauon, | vised Statutes as to the meaning 0: previous tariff been tov muca drawing It was then stated by the chairman of the com- | mittee that Mr. Daraut, a lawyer in Washington, | opinion of tne Court, be true or faise. And it wiilbe | several ports, bua veen employed by the committee to revise tae work o1 the ¢.mmi-sioners, who had made, to he Treasury which, he says, the Revised Statures | intended to correct or reverse, were laws, binding | at that time upon the government as wellas upon | importers, __ _NO GENERAL TARIFF LAW SINCE 1872 No general jaw Oxing or cosuging duties been enacted by Conuress since June 1 During the period between this date and em- ber 1, 1878 (more than eignteen months), the tn- verpretations of existing jaws had well setuied and well known by importer: aemanded by the government were the memory of foreigners as well as our own Cciti- zens, None of them supposed that the rates pre- scribed by the Secretary o1 the Treasury and levied (or eighteen montis, since Juoe 10, 1872, | were not the legal rates, or that the government | misioterpreted its own laws. ‘Tne Treasury does not deny that certatn sections of the laws of 186i and 1862, which were eniorced | by the Executive on December 1, 1873, were ex- cluded by or dropped Irom the Revised Statutes, and thereby duties were increased. It, however, justifies this exclusion or dropping on the ground that when the earlter and later tariff laws «were | condensed 1n the revision the superior force of the later acts ie apparent and the alternative or earlier provision was necessarily excluded.” ‘his theory 0. revision may or may Hot be correct, but the difficulty is that the coditiers thereby | silentiy excluded laws actually ‘in force,” and the | exclusion bas worked an increase In rates of duty, Laid not understand at the time that the revision would accompiisn such a reguit. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS. The Secretary says:— The revision, however, brouzht all that legally re- mained of the various statutes together, thus giving the | later acts their proper effect and Stopping those whi had been the cause of much misconstruction No sub- e of law appea: tls clear aud easy of reference, and the con- Tusion and contrad.ctory features of the iormer state of the taw are removed. The diversity of decisions in the local courts that has existed in customs cases was due chiefly to this muluplicity of unrepealed statutes, the case of smythe va Fisk et al, recentiy decided in the Supreme Court, being an instance. The court below held thatauties were churgeabte under the eartier statute, lupreme Court unanimously decided that whereas the St the tater act was tne Jawin force. The rule tnen laid | down, and before referred tw as being established by the pupreme Court deci-ion of 1855, appears to have been ob- servea throughout the revision, and it has Deen caretully artment under it, this condensed text being of great service in the practical col- lection of the customs revenue. Here it will be seen that tbe department again coulesses that certain statutes in force on December 1, 1873, being “the cause of muco misconstruction,”” were dropped alto- gether 1m the revision, and adds tat this ode of condensing or revising the laws has been justified by u recent decision of the Supreme Court. A copy of the decision of the Courtin the case reerred to 18 beiore me, Tne question 1n- volved was the true rate of auty imposed on ao articg Known as “silk neckties,” and the Court very properly decided tnat they were dutiabie at fity per cent under tue last clause of the eigoib section of the tariff law of 1864; and in this very opinion of the Court there is a confirmation of tne charge that the Revised Statutes did actually and intentionally cuange the previous law. The law o: July 14, 1862, contained im tne thirteentn sec- tion @ scnedule which embraced, ong other “articies worn by men, women or , Of whatever material composed, made up or made wholly or in part ca hand, Dot otherwise provided tor.” In schedule M of the Revised statutes, page 478, votre mda ty is Tre. produced, but in ihis changed furm:—*Arucles worn by men, Wonen, or cuildren, of whatever materials composed, except sik ana linen, made up or wade wholly or in part by hand, nor otwer- | wise provided ior.” It wiil be seen that tne re- vision inserts the words “except silk and linen.” | The opinion of the Court calls attention to tais | change, and say: The exceptions mentioned (silk and linen) were | for the first ime expressly interposed, but 1 | islative deciaration that such was the st | onthe Isto! vecember, 1873, without the exception: | and tt is necessarily a construction ct the last clause of | the eighth section of the act of 1964 in accordance with | that which we have given to it. 1t was tne declared Purpote of Congress tocollate all tne statues as they | were at that date, and not to make any in their | provisions. Obviously these exceptions were intended fo remove doubts aud misoor known to have prevailed tw some extent. Here it will be seen thay the Supreme Court | adopts the idea, ti not the language, used in the | circular of the Secretary of the treasury, August 21, 1874, to the effect that, as Congress declared that the Revised Statutes contain tne law in orce on December 1, 1873, thereiore the lusertion in the | law of 1862 of the words “except silk and linen” must be taken by the court as a Congressional 1n- struction or vec.aration that such Was the meau- ing Ol the previous law. So that the Supreme | Court, instzad of naviog beld that the mode oi re- vision was the correct one, or that the laws of 1861 and 1862 ought to bave been omitted from the re- yesion, deciared in effect that the Court cannot ' Jook beyond the declaration of Cengress in tne Re- jaws, no matter whether that declaration, m tne ween that this deciaration in the revision may, un- | less Congress intervenes, influence ali tuture de- The Secretary, vious rulings of the department” Lave been hog “either in the practice of the local officers, or in | of all oMcers of the customs to execute and carry | into effect all the instructions of the Secretary of | because the | to be governed by the | cosion, wool or sik. mstruction which were | i ferent tarif acts were those of 1846 and } iT. t of 1857 preserved SNe. ue the | of schecules or erumerations in 1846, ly Teducing the rates of duty. These laws 01 1862 and 1846 Were, perhaps, the most compre: | sve. and. best considered tariff enactments on the | statute books, in tn sense of pre | 8nd atpbabetical ui ation of each article in sapere achedules, ‘To provide for any accid ally omitted article or any newly made labric following section was inserted in the law of 1 | Suc. 20.—Amd be it turther enacted, That there shal! be levied, 4 a EW oT ria ca restuies pu Tesem! - ticles manutactured juty shall be assessed at which any of its compotent parts Under the laws of 1846 and 1857, which con- tinued the system of 1842, the courts very properly held that this section was in force, not to impose @ new rate of duty, but to give arule for sscer- taining \ne true rate on an article neither specially provided ior by name those laws nor i#iling wiihin the clauses for non-enumerated articies, wo resembling un enumert article as section. The single inguiry was whether an article was enumerated. But the | tariff iegisiation during the rebellion was, much ot it. gecessarily hasty, aud adopted to me ress ing need for revenue. No one law repealed, lixe that of 1842, all previous laws, but, as i nave Said | belore, tne tariff acts for eleven years overlapped, | and were imteriaced one with anvther, Tnis 1s Obvious to any one who carelully studies the legis lation of 1861, 1862, 18¢4 and 1872 Those laws at- vempted to ‘classy articles in separate sec: tions, according to materiais of their manufacture, whether of iron, steel, glass, And alter enumerating articles specially. to the extent which the power or eonvenience of Congress or antagonizing interests therein permitted, there would be @ concluding different rate of duty lor a ral ascertain tne intention of Congress under this sys- tem 01 legislation since 1861, the aid of the section relerred to in the law of 1842 was rarely invoked, because there was rarely an article not eitner specifically or generally enumerated. And the in- Justice ef invoking it cal ya Teterence to th bul,” whicn hi ts that be n al rit it passed Congress, and which i anuiactures not specially provided for shall pay sixty per cent if contatning not more than seveni Parts in value of silk, but fifty Per cent if containing more than that ol pure silk. Here ts an enumeration of the two classes ol manuacture. But the last Clause of this law of nd of section 2,499 of the Revised Statutes says:— And on all articles manufactured from two or more materials the duty shall be assessed at the bighest rates He acy apy of its component parte may be charge- able. The rate for pure silk is. HAxty per cent, and un- der this clause “Lbe Little Tarif bili,”” which only imposes fitry per cent on certain proportions of cotion and slik, would be nullified. If reierence ve bad to the excellent and search- ing criticisms of the Collector o! the port of Bal- | temore on the practicu! contusion and injustice | which the sudden application of this ‘simiitude law” of 1842 has worked, further comments of mine will be unnecessary. They are on pages 48 and 49 of the report of the Treasury. The appit- cation of this “doctrine of assimilation,” beiore permitting the positive clauses of the law to o} erate, tne Collector of Baltimore regards as nul- n | litying the intentions of Congress aud as tntrust- | ing to customs eXaminers anu appraiéers a vague | and arbitrary power, Impolitic and wever in- tended. It 18 {ois sumilitude test whico has created @ part of the confusion respecting Jap- | amese silks apd the different rates at tne didercnt | ports on similar articles, and it 1a piain to see that j ie wiil be next to impossible .or any Secretary of | the Treasury to make rates oi duty uniform irom | Maine to Caliiornia on textile fabrics where the inquiry 1s as to similitude eluner in material, | quelity, texture or uses, | RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CHANGES. | Iam not unmindiul of tae great, the almost in- | surmountable, dimiculties which any one would evcounter who unuertook to condeuse and repro- | duce last Juge tue subsisting laws on the customs ; revenue. They were so numerous, they extended | over so many years, the repealed and unrepealed | were 80 interlaced and iteriocked, and the true interpretation of many oi them was Ao doubtiul, tnat equally intelligeat and oprigdt men could not | welliau to dider thereoa, gud it is pernaps sur- | prising nat no more alssatisiaction with the re- | Vision exists, And if tue revision changed the | language of the law the Executive couid not well | disobey the revision, although { tnink the Treasury | would have veen sustained if it naa reiused to | vary the rates it imposed on the 1st day of Decem- ver, 187% . Congress certainly cannot fairly be | blamed, nor do | think that apy member of the revising cummittee of the House was aware toat the verbal changes made, org the dropping ol certain statutes, would, 10 practical adminis- tration, produce ie results we see. Whether any one else inspired changes with such an intent 1s | Bot so certain. There is certainly much wethod iu some of the alterations. Nor do} impute any blame to the present Secretary of the ‘ireasury, | althougn 1 am tree togny toaf, in my view, 1he | Person who 1s referred to by Mii land (Con- Record for February 19, 1874, 1@ 26) @s assisting the commitiee in behalf o! the Treas- ury should not have been alterwara selected to put tne law in operation and interpret the inter- | pretation. | . Baving first entered tne House of Representa- tives in May, 1841, asa memver from New York city, 1 have seen and had experience enough since | tuen in public affairs to make me tolerant in criti- cism of those charged with the responsibilities of VerpMent, who strive in good iaith honestly to jechurge their obligations. it is, there- jore, with no possiole to ress any censure of Secrevary | 1 say that, in my opinion, tne system o! admin- istration o1 that part of the Revenue Department whicn decides woat rates of duty Congress bas | imposed needs to be thoroughly cranged. itis a | Wemendous prerogative o the Execut nd yet retary cannut ron, under the preseat arrangements, decide each of the perpiexing questiuns of atatute construction. He delegates the power to a subordinate, and he generally » ; mere clerk, who decides without hearing argu- ment on either side. For the government it may be saie to iofict tue highest rate ip all cases of doubt, but that may be very unjust to the im- porter, And yet there must ve in Washington a Unit of responsibility and decision for (ne a | ports, My own observation aud impression are that siuce | first entered Congress there nas to Wasbingtun in of labor aod care irum the which has dwarfed the cuileciors, who are under the law primarily responsible this business to Congress and the country, The this matter some eXcent, changes in the law, an. correct such | cisions of the Court on questions of duty turning | cvilector is by statute, ana should be in fact, the coanges, in order (hat the bill might be @ tracutual | regex of the existing siatutes in force. Was thea added that since the work had been be.ore the Commitiee on the Revision of the Laws, it nad oeen so thoroughly re-examined that tbe Commitice were abie to assure the Huuse ‘Wat the bill us reported by the committee is exact Poh ike au eXact reflex, of toe cxisting statute law of fne Untied States.” A porsion of three evenings of February 19, 20 and 26, were devoted to tae tart on imports, Wherein many amen’ments to the work ot Mr. | Durant were proposed aud carried in Committee oi the Whole. Finally, ater a jew evenings, the ‘Dill Was reported to the House witn toe amend. | Mepts, WAicu were not printed, and passed With. | Out discursiun. It was reported to ihe pbenate | May 26, 1874, aud the chairman of the Committee on the Kevision of tae Laws in that body (Senator | Coukling) deciared toat “the aim througnout bas | el Of specined material @ prescribed rate of duty, | nut to change tne jaw in any particular, however | uniess the articles had been “otuerwise provided | Deen to preserve abvsointe identity o: meaoing, | minute, but to present in miniature, or conaensa- | thon, the law in all its parts as it was actauliy | found to exist dispersed througn seventeen | volumes of statutes,’” Cpon the jaith of this representation, as 1 pe- | eve, the bill was adopted in the Senate without | Spy sunstantial deuberation or discussion, The | different steps in tae progress 0: the revision, and | these distinct utterances of members of the com- | mittee who had it i charge, wich are given im | the Congressional Record, \urtish a samicient evi- dence that those who voted tor the revision, as | Well as the whole country, believed, and had a | Tigut (o believe, that the law regulating the races | of duty on Mnported merchandise stoou in the re- | Vision precisely us it existed on December 1, 1873. | The revision, by it8 terms, took effect imme- diately. It decane » law unto tne people of tne | United States so suddenly that those whose con- duct it guverned could uot ootain a copy ana tne | Secretury of the Treasury, in (ne beginming of his | report in reply to the resolution of ine House of December 14, 1874, devoces a large portion thereof | to an explanation ol tie difficuities he encountered | ip obtaining and cistrivutiog among coilectors of customs that portion Which relates to duties | on imports. fhe importers oi New York and we other large ports or ihe United States having been iniormed, while the revision was under de- | Wberation, tha’, aitnough amendments were pro- ed and Adopted to the bul as revised vy Mr. rant reiaung 10 the customs, there would be o change whatever in tue law prescribing rates | of duty, naturally took no interest in ine matter, | But woen the revision was pat inte practice! ope- | Fation by the ‘ireasury Department both tmpor- ters and cousumers were astumished to find that fates ol duty uuder it were largely mereased from those which haa veen levied on the first day ol we previcus December. The complaincs ol the extent end magnitude of these exactions im the city of New )ork became so general that I found it my aguty to introduce a resolution of inquiry, which has resulted in tie re,ort oy the Secretary of tie ‘treasury, which | enclose, aad whica, im 166 tabu. lar stacements irom the jour principai ports of the United Staces, more thau confirms all that has been charged 10 respect to the sweeping changes in raves 01 auty which have been made; and i think Coat when # caretul comparison 18 made between ine tabular statewents irom these jour ports, showing tins tocrease, and the text of the reply Of tue Secretary of tne Treasury pure riing tO give the reason or grounds for thac in- ease, consyerable surprise aud cisappoimtment ‘will be seit Of account or the unsatisiacwry, Ht not evasive, Maouer in Which (his important subject Ja treated. BATENSIVE CIANGRS IN KATH OF DUTY. That great cuanges have veen made is not de- And it | on tue old laws. Laws OF 1861 AND 1862, Between the dates of the general tariff act of | March 2, 1861, and of the Kevised Statutes, Con- gress had passed duties On imports and their collection. Five of | these—namely, two enacted in 1861, one in 1862, 1m 1864, and auother tu 1872—may be ciassed one | S8 general tariff acts, because they coverea a | large class of articies. Neither of these tn terms | entirely repealed tbe previous ones, nor did Cun- ress intend they should be altogether repealed. overiauped the other or otucrwise modified it, | and so in 1872 reference was hud to 1061 to deciae what rates certain articles should pay. Ine sys tem of continuous legisiation was bad, but thus it was, and the necessity o1 going back to ola laws was tuereased by the habit .whica bad grown in Congress of generally imposing (at the end of cer- enumerativns) on all @rticies manufactured jor.” ‘this phrase mace it nucessary to rausack Gil previous laws to sce Ii there Was any such pro- vision, With this explanation the comprenen- | sive sorce of the following sentences in a circular of the Treaspry Department to collectors of cus toms, dated August 21, 1874 (contaimed in his reply to the House), tuterpreting tue revision, became @pparent. He says:— Several July 14. 1382, which Were at first supposed to be modited or repealed by the act ot June a, 1564, and subsequent acts, out which were revived at umes through decisions of the cours or of this cepartment, are ucci- sivety exciuded from the presen and thereture cease to bave force arer the date of its pussaye. Among these are, Urst, the rave of duty on certain descriptions ot hinens—gamery, “drills, coatings, brown holland, blay inens, damascs’’ which, tions meationed in the acts repeated im the act of late ming under the get desia’ otherwise provid ais iv part of cotton, silk, w or fax.” the rate of dut being 45 per c ad valorem, moined Care ble with duty under authors clause; but no sich ¢ assifica.ion 1s contained of June 22, 18/4, ali goods forimerty $0 classed being now ebarged with according to their identity with. or assamiation to rdefines classes. It reterence be now had to tne report of Ap- Praiser Darling, of New York, giving ‘ue classif- cations in nis department beore and aiter June 22, 1874, 1t will be seen that articles thrown ‘cneduies and rates of duty were enor- increased of manuactures vi goals otton, sik and mixed m: clusion irom the revision of th 1862, universally neld to be 1, 1878. THE SIMILITUDE LAW OF 1842, From such examination asi nave given to the reports from the principal ports it appears to that on @ la yortion of the artich those generally designated a on which duries have been changed und vision, the result nas been chiefly accomplis | by slight variations in the text of the iaw. bx. ecutive interpretation has no doubt overstrained | these sight variations, but the foundation 0: the mischief 1s in tne revision. This mischiel migh', uevercneles*, ave been remedied i Treasury fad beid fast ie execution of the new provisions to the general declaracion of tbe | revisers apa of General Butler and Seuator Conk- ling (hat no change o/ the old law was imtended. Lit did not, aud one of the most potential in- struments in working the contusion and injustice of Which importers comp.ain is the use whieh has made of the twentieth section of the | tariff law o1 August 30, 1842, which is contained in sectivn 2,499 of the revision. | During the twenty years velore 1961 the three some sixty laws relating to | clauses of the tariff acts of March 2, 1861, and | the | CaP | chief customs officer of the port. The whule ¢: | pensive be ered on bis office 1s maintained to i aud collect the duties on fev g int eg scrioed by Congress. Section 2,621 of the Revised Statutes descrives # part of his functions thus:— | _ To receive the entries ot all ships or vessels and of the goods, wares or merchandise impuried in them. | Toestinate * * * the amount or the duties payable thereupon, indorsing such amounts upoo the respective ald for duties and take all ment thereut. | eive all moneys | bonds tor securing the p: | He (section 2,901) designates the goods to be sp- rai-ed; to him the appraiser reports; if he ulssatisied he can order abotier examination; cations ior duty, his decision, vo rate and amount, is final uniers | there be au appeal to Washington ora suit in court. The correct incerpretation oi tarif laws is tous his Orst and one of his highest ovligatio: He 18 appoiftted vy the President and confirmed | by tae senate to do this work, and he suould | wether delegate it to deputies nor subdoruinates at { bis own pol allow it to pass ous of bis nands Into those uf clerks in Washington, unless in con- flict with collecturs at other ports, where the per- | sonal jadgment of the Secretary snould interpose, | ‘The culivcturs at the several purts ure, a8 a rule, competent men; they are it daily contact with mefcnants, and clerks in Washingtun are not; und | there should be no subordinates in these matters / ot stazate construction between them and the Sec retary. | OTHER REMEDIES AND REFORMS. For any iucreased exactions above tavse le in December, 1873, which are the result ot roneous Executive interpretations of the revision, the Courts are of couse upen; but lor those mat by Congress, even uniacentionaliy, the courts can afford no reiiel, Iintroduced inio the House at | sne beginning of this session & joint resolutio! which is Qow before the Vomumittee un Ways an leans, and which herealter would confine tne Bx- ecutve to (he rates the Treasury levied @ year agy last Deceirber. it woula bring order out of the exisiing Consusion and probaoly give satis- faction, but only temporarily; tor we Whvle sys auliag. There is now Committee a bill irom at direction, The overnment requires aught to be ame to le With reasonabvie certain‘y, and then | provision should be = immediate! made by conierence witu the different cham- commerce in the country, sor @ commission to take up tne work ring ® tariff levying that amount, 'y Jor its prompt, economicai ana seus sactory collection, In this commission ta needed the best facuities in the counsry iol on of Cougress. It should be & commisnivn O! & lew amung tie best business men in Congress or out, whether mer- chants, manufacturers, lavyers or officials, and, like impor parliamentary comminsions in Bo; land, should call berore it and examine every o' ca of afforaing assistance by 1s informauon and experience, and n element o1 pariisan pul: ites should ve permitted to distory or thwart t single inquify how tne needed money can ve best raised frum imporrs, t8 aod figures wre what is first needed, and not arguments, and to ovtuin these tacts and figares im the jorm of evidence t country should giadiy make ai uate expendi- ture of time and money. vem, Tespectiully, | EKNANDU WOOD, To PRESIDENT OF TH CHAMDER QF UOM- MbRCE, New York CitY, THE ICE HARVEST. Preparing for “Ninety-five in the Shade.” ALONG THE UPPER HUDSON. Gathering and Housing the Crystal Blocks. Two Million Five Hundred Thou- sand Tons Secured. VALUE ‘$28,000,000. Poconeesrstz, N. Y., Jan. 31, 1875. For two weeks or more the Hudson River at many points between this city and Albany bas Presented # scene cf bustling activity. Thousands O1 men, rugged and weather-beaten, of boys, capa- bie of the fatigue of ordinary adults, and steam engines and elevators spot the picture like a leopard’s skin. Year alter year, when the broad bosom of this noble stream is stilied and one un- broken crystal plain binds in bondage its m: length, the pictare is repeated, and beneath the hills covered with snows heaped up like the treasures of the arctic, the stillness like. to that of @ deserted graveyard, gives way to the noise and contusion of thousands in busy employment. It ie th rvest of ice—the gathering of that indis- pensabie article of summer consumption, witnout which mankind tn large cities would 1ll get along, and tobe wholly deprived of would render life almost intolerable. It is the synonym of LUXURY TO EVERY AMERICAN in the stifing days of summer, and nowhere in the world is it so abundantly used as in New Yore, With the mercury “ninety-five in the shade,” a sparging draught of iced Croton is. a treat which 4 i0” | was has especial claims above all tho wines and cham- pagne in Christendom, and, when not obtainable, there is a longing for it which wine is pow- eriess to assuage. A scanty supply of ice is something unpleasant to contemplate. The Gotn- amite who 1s compelle. te forswear the nooks and shades of the country and endure the sultry heais and seething streets of the metropolis looks for foe-pitchers and water-coolers on every hand, and thinks them as necessary to comiort as are bread, butter and beefeteak. He finds them, too, when- ever and wherever he seeks them; for it has become an established fact that the ‘cup of cold water” to be found gratuitously supplied all over the country goes {ar in making up the general verdict that the citizens of the United States live more luxuriously tuan any other people on the face of the earth. Ifa New YorKer were compelled to pay ten cents for a few lumps of ice swimming in water on a tepid plate, must be dove id Paris for this rare luxury, what would he say? Why, he would gently insiruate that he was being swindied and act accordingly. PLENTY OF IT. Ioe is an American necessity, and I am glad to be able to tell all Gothamites, ail brewers and packers, all hotel keepers and 1estaurateurs, ail owners of salvons and porteraouses and all house- keepers in general that the ice crop of this year along the Hudson was never before equalled, both in quality and in quantity. “There's millions in Millions of tons of glistening cakes are now in the vast houses on the banks of the river, and by Tuesday of this week, if the weather holds tavorable, the army of laborers will bave ceased work; the last canal heing cut and the last block of crystal snugly packed in place. BEGINNING THE HARVR Vigorous measures for the harvesting of the ice crop were not taken until the second week of the present month, when the sudden and prolonged cold bid the superintendents commence work at employed on the river banks, and far back into mountain hamlets and villages, to the idie farmer boys, that there was @ chance again to make a few dollars, and the brigade soon responded. Fully tem thousand stalwart canaimen, bricklayers, business whatever at any time, accepted the terms offered and began the labor of quarrying and housing the required crop. From the first the ice has of the purest quality, and tree from dirt, grit or honeycomo, the blocks sparkling in the sunlight witn crystal. lane beauty and wituoul half ao tnch ol snow un their top. From wrelve inches thick,wuhen the cutung commenced ulong the upper end of the river, It soon became jourreen and sixtee n inches, and puw the iagtol the summer supply being gathered in tnis vicinity has an average vi fliteen Inches—a figure that wil apprvach correctness with the KNTIRE TWO MILLION FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND TONS ‘that will be housed in the vast receptacies on the Hudson in two or three days. Everything bas peen favorable ior the work this season with but one cutung began. ‘tae weather, mos. of the ume of that sparkilog character that makes an American occasivnally boast of the ‘iced chau} atmous- phere of our winter days, has been of immense service in helping on the business. Tnen the caur- acter of the men that sought the employment ‘Was above the average, aod of that rugged na- ture to fully stand up against the pbysical haid- snips incidental to thy iavor. The usual minor diticultses ol gathering bave not even been en- cuuntered, as tae lalis of snow up the river bave been very slight. So none of the iailacivus asser- tions that ice has nvt peen stored in suMicient quantities, nor auy of the 1 cries resorted to by the companies to force upward its price, can be used in th; coming season with any degree of con- sistency or of trutuul business decency. ‘The ice crop o: 1873, a season, amounte to 1,408,500 tons, but in fore the cold weather sO spasmodic tcat the harvest was nearly one month behind, and work bdemg commenced late and the ice of au interior quality, the larger companies were in # dilemma and Jong velore the summer was over were customers to the Eastern sealers. ‘this year no ditticulty of thig&iud wil exist, The quantity pow in store is greater than ever beiore accumulated, and when itis kbown that im 1860 the crop gathered was Jess than 450,000 tous an idea of the growing vast- ness oi the business can be obtained. ‘t'nen the Knickerbucker Company, now the leader in the trade, stored but 200,000 tuns, woereas this year they will have on hana when through with the work nearly 900,000 tops of the crystal biocks in their numerous houses. To bo move definite, this supply is stored at various points along the river, Wiiuih easy shipping distance of New York, in houses tue aggregate capacity of which is stated 1m the sudjoined Cable :— KNICKERBOCKER COMPANY. Capacity iy ta Tuna, Rockland Lak Turkey Point. + 40,000 6 Ga 15.000) Highiand Lake. 2u,000, 40,000 Poughkeepst 00) Seuataburgir a sew Baltiinore. Little Ft 4 ore added 20,000 tons or thereabouts of ice purchased o1 Kasiern parties, whica was left over, and we have tne grand aggregate of pussession of this o! work of gathering ta there were employed lowing men and bo; of hardened muscl d, however, from the number of horses and steam engines brought into requisition to facilitace the work :— MELP REQUIRED, Etcam -= e. Horses. Engines. uimense quantity of ice the jol- my a ae a |) 1 -3 Bw 1 ES ae ey H ee Eb | oO 6% w 1 uy WB BS - ot ow 1 [0 68 1 :1 * WwW 1 1 1 : wy wD - wy . & 29 8 1 0) wo J 1 a a 1 Bb wb a a a} 1 nr) 2 ww i 1 joo 5 8 - ®» & w 2 81s 1oMs a8 By once, Then the word went forth toail the un- | boatmen, tillers of the soil aud those of all kinds | of business in warm weather, and some of no | exception—the s rike of the laborers soon alter | OTHER LARGE DEALERS, In addition to the Many other companies on the river, whose busi- though not so extensive as that of ihe inthe trade aid ie steadily growing. ‘They ouila Ly a Li wing. v additional houses sousou to season, While at the same tle they are crying “here !s ng money in the business.” Instance the erection*ut Ver- planck’s patat ong. roxeack io of two new aes ie ious structures jor | aahington, Uo) a enterprising rival of the old giant Knickerbocker 4p your city, With @ respective capacity of 60,000 and 30,000 tons, and it wil! be thought that the Management are not troubled with scruples of conscience when, in the {ace of there !acts, the stockholders assert they would ~giadiy get out if with their bh ines and the capac of Hac aria} or capacity of eac! found below :— ' Place. Esopus. racial ne Tons, 69,000 O00: 2B! SEBBBSE SY SESSEESEESEZe SEeeE S 2 3 i Haneatats lever & Co.. :Private parties. ‘These employ 3,705 men, 608 boys, 300 horses and 23 steam engines, which, added to the stutiaucal table of the Knickerbocker Company, we bave as Segoe total at this time at work on the river 9,380 men, 1,701 boys, 776 horses and 47 engines, Against this and as'a means of contrasting the business o/ the year and also demonstrawng tl it 18 on the incre are the figures of last season’s number of laborers as joliows:—Men, 8,180; boys, 1,376; horses, 581; steam ungines, 41: i difference of 1,200 men, 326 boys, 195 8 and 6 engines in lavur of the present season, The gross quantity which will ve actually stored, thereuore, by tne Kuickerbocker and Washington companies, of New York, and the several smaller dealers reaches the enormous figures of 1,727,000 tons. Add to the hundreds 0! smaller houses owned by privare parties between here and Albany and we can readily estimate that there Wili b9 2,500,000 tons of this \uxury ready sor next summet’s consumption, whicn at the rate of halt @ cent per pound gives the enormous value of $28,000,000, Compare these figures with those of eizht or nine years ago, and the Gotnamite wiil need with the growing character ol the trade, 1n the summer of 1867 there were housed by the Knickerbocker men but tons, while the Washington Company, then @ young enterprise, and having to fight a gigantic monopoly, had only 40,000 tons in their possession, an amount so stnail that it seems triding. And in jace of all the stockholders persist in -holding up their hands in holy horror whea the consumer protests against sry he knows to be illegitimate and beyond tne line of orcinary business profits. LABORERS WORTHY THEIR HIRE. The rugged jaborers employed to do the cutting and housing of the glittering crystal that nature Jurnishes without cost are receiving very nearly the same wages as they did during last season's cuttiog—that 18 co say, $1 75 for outdoor menaod $2 ior the 1! @ or more capable bands. True, the several companies put the men to work at the miserable stipeud of $1 25 per diem, and hoped the Men “would not make unreasonable demands for high wages,” or, in otaer words, wished them to work irom early morning untt! the sun showed a golden rim over the western mountains for that sum, which would not support a single man, let alone a family, and most of the men bave Wives aud children depending upon them. The chisellers and the ploughers, the canal men, room men, fricuion tenders, drivers, scrapers— in fact, all but the engineers—worked just two days on these wages and then laid down their tools ana demanded more pay. and down the river showlog the “bosses” their Strength and unanimity, until at last the com- panies were compelied 10 give the men what they | demanded. ‘Ihe temporary suspension in gather. Ing the crop, however, entitled inucn expense, as, during its progress, the ice ci that were opened again iroze over, and, as it cost $250 or $300 for each canal, the sum total was quite large, reacoing pernaps $10,000—gone into the air with no retura. HOW PAYMENTS ABE MADE. The laborers at the end of the day each receive a ticket, which 1s good at apy store in the Hudson River vilges or ou any railroad. Wheo the crop is gathered these tickets, 1! presented at | either of tne many redemption agents who are | appointed neur where tne men fave been at | wor, they receive their iull iace value in money. At firss signt the pi of payment may seem pe- cullar and sowewnat Diggardly, but upon refiec- | tlou 1t appears pernaps tue be‘ ter policy to Beep a | great deal of money Jrom the men until the work is Enisned. The crop housed, the ‘*buases’’ care but hittie what loliows. COST OF GATHERING AND DBLIVERY. Taking ail tuings into consideration, the cost of quarrying the ice and housing it 18 less this year than iast. ‘This I have trom @ deaier thoroughly posted and who loves to have trutn on bis side— rather an anomaly. | must contess, And irom the purity of she ice and its thickness the wastage will not overrun thirty-five or forty per cent. ‘ue lor- mer figure will bo doubt be nearer the mark than the latter; but the dealers generaliy clam that wastage feacbes filty per ceul, a figure that will be preposterously ab- surd to quote next season. The cost of loading and shipping will be tue same, perhaps, a3 last year, 1 the grinding monopolists do nut want theif men to work for nothing, aud the cost of distribution and delivery to their custumers in your city can be set down as in former seasons. So if the Knickerbocker and Washington companies wish to give you New Yorkers this necessity at rea- sonable rates next season, they cau do so, and wen make twelve or fifteen per cent upon imvested capital. . . ‘Paeit charges, however, are never based apon actual expenses frum the time the ive is cut until delivered, but ratber upon prospective incidental Say they :—*‘lf any of our men are hurton the river we must take care o! their iamilies; if we run into passing vessels with our barges or smash a dock, of with vur Wagons kill or maim a child or citizen, we must pay for it.” And so witi these bugvears, for an excuse they make { Public pay ior what never should occur. bome So gmp may say this cannot be, pus an cial of one of our companies in- stanced these prospective expenses, and coolly declared thac “the public, when they discuss our expenses in gathering ice, Dever think of these things.” Just asit the public must be made to pay for the carelessness and the stupidity of irre- sible servants! Weil, it nas passed into om that corporations with Bonopoly Ly never been known either to be troubled with cot scientious scruples or to ‘ose money, but tne above standpoint, in argument to justiiy unreason- able demands, is # shade cooler than the com- modity in which they deal. THE CONSUMERS. To three classes oi people im New York, ana, in fact, in all citics in this Jaritude, the consumption of ice in large quantiles forms, through the not weatner, 4 material consideration in the bili of ‘These class ‘@, hret, brewers and ers, who geal very largely witn the ice men; secondly, proprietors of hotels, Keepers oO Testaprants and saloons, who without ice would soon find themselves im the condition the proverbial poet—viz., in want of @ thirdly, housekeepers who, taken in tno agaregate, consume lesa ic: than either of the lormer classes. persons reckon the ratio of consumption among these several classes as follows:—Oi che ice con- gumed in New York 16 1s calculated that the pack- ers and brewers use thirty-three and one-third per cent of the hundred; large hotels, smull hotel+, big restaurants, down to the coffee and cake venders, and then the saloons and houses, about forty per cent; the remaining twen: ty-six and two-thirds being appropriated to the use ol families of every caste apu condition. dtatis- tically given, Jrom these proximate proportions, we have the lollowing table :— Quantity consuined oy Quantity consumed by taurants and saloons... Quantity consumed by samilic: Total... Per cent, L lanns jarge und small hotels, re: CAPITAL INVEST! The amount of Sapitay engagt is oon ae al , dis- this year in New York is trivated as 10llows:— Knickerbocker. Wushington......... All other companies. When tis known that eight or tem years the aguregate capital invested in the busine: was but $1,770,000 some estim can be furmed of the profit it must eid; jor if it Was not a jucrative enterprise Wepe care ists continue thus to invest? ar 1866 the Knickerbocker had but @ capital of | and the Washington 60,000 only. Then the Knickerbocker consolidated with the New Yors Company, and, adding $350,000 to their combined capita), brought 16 Op to the pres. ent standaid. The Washington, awoile afterward, 1uen iaunched out in true business style and aug- | mented their capital to $1,000,000, ‘The additional amovots hgewise invested by smaller dealers amounted to $60,000 at taat time, value Q difference as between 1866 and 1875 as ‘vliow: Capital tor the year 1875 Cupiial tor the year 1086 Excess of 1875 over 1834....06.+++ As to the paying characterot Ing can be said in adaition to t! for the reason that when figure to le comment 1s unnecessary. one carts that go uround New York 1a the season of hot weather peddling ice under the names of various “companies? are owned individnal | speculators. They get their supp! from bigger dealers, and may swindle in price and cheat in | weighs to their hearts’ content, above there are the houses of With banneis radely inscribed they marched up | porter | a " NEW YORK CITY. Four persons were reported by the police yester- bs? ALAR been injured through failing on the ‘The East and North rivers were comparatively free irom ice yesterday. All of the jerryboats made regular trips, and no detentions of. count ware Teporesa. - The intermediate examination of the classes oj Columbia College will begin this evening and com tnue throughout the week. Hanash Logan, 46 years of age, of No, 263 Mott was beaten about the head with a club by jonway and badiy injured, A fencing, sparring and athletic entertainment Will this evening be tendered Colonel! Monstery by his puptis, at the academy, 619 Sixth avenue, The ninth regolar meeting of the New York Neurological Society will be held this evening at id of Fourth avenue and ‘Iwenty third str A preliminary meoting of young ladies will be held at Association Hall this evening jor the urpose of jorming a Chris! association. Dr. Ricks Waltelaw Herd, Willis Be Doge sea oe: ers will address tne meeting, Rev. Father John J. Duffy, D. D., lectured las: evening in St, Andrew's Roman Catholic church, corner of Duane street aud City Hall piace, o: “The Catholic Church.” Notwitne severity of the weather the chufch was w and the reverend father was listened marked attention. The proceeds cf the lecture ‘are to be appl ed to tne benefit of the poor under harge of St. Vinoznt de Paui’s Society. ‘The New York Free Medical College tor Women, No. 51 St. Mark's place, seems to be growing Papidly in numbers and influence, It at present numpers about fifty students, and at its last com mencement conferred the degre of doctor of medicine on fourteen ladies, [lstrictton in this coilege 18 entircly ree, and has already engaged pax tens with over $200 worth of valuabie inst A BROOKLYN. James McAllister, five years old, living at No. 61 Green street, was bitten terribly about tne face, So as to be disogured for life, ore wioundiand dog yesterday. The animal, which is sald to pave been mad, was shot by a policeman. Patrick Kennedy, who lived at No, 271 Pacific street, was found dead on the sidewalk in Bond asreet, near Bergen, Saturday pight. Decent who Ond been drinklog very ‘hara for several days, Was \birty-cight years of age, Tue Coroner ‘was notifled. | dane Carboy, an infant twelve months old, was fatally burned at the residence of her parents, No. 675 Fiith avenue, on Saturday night last. The mottier, Ellen Carboy, went out, it appeats, and lett the injured little one in charge of another child of seven years, The latter set fire to ciotning of the 1ofant with a piece of pape: I od With the result set forth. The baby can- vive the burns which it sustained, : The nurse, Goreman, Who was in charge of the ward of the Flatbust Lunatic A’ylum in which the patient Stiles Midaleton killed Mr. Bennett, a fellow demented inmate, will be discharged by the Board of Commissioners of churities ac their meeting to-aay. The Commissioners say théy are | determined to investigate this adair thoroughly, and do ali that human foresignt can effect to guurd against a simuar occurrence fn the iuture, LONG ISLAND. ‘There are sixty-seven persons and estates in the town of Southold which paid tax for the year 1874 tothe amount of $50 and upward. The piereee tax Was paid by Goo estate of the jase Robert Fi (Fisher's Island), $448. The next regular meeting of the Suffolk County Temperance Society will be held in Greenport on Tuesday and Wednesday,»16th and 17th inst. At the meeting held at East Marion last week strong Fesolutions in favor of prohibiiory legisiavion were adopted. The Right Rev. Bishop Littlejohn visited Grace Church, Jamaica, yesterday iorenoon and aaminis tered the rite of confirmation. In the afternoog he visited the Churca of the Resurrection, at Rich» | mond Hill, tor the same purpose. A projected chanael across the South Beach, at Edgarton, for which an appropriation was mad¢ by Congress, has been abandoned, as it was found aiter spending most of the money that the projed’ would cost wore than it would ve worth. Northport bas been considerably exercised oves the question of a site for a new schvol house. One was selected some time ago, but it proved unsatie factory to a number of taxpayers, who ee § suc ceeded in having snother tneeting cal last week, at whicn the Jormer action was rescinded, ‘she discussiun which followed was quite lively | somewhat personal, but it was at last voted to | Durchase @ tyo-acre site offered by the widow Scudder for $900. A letter was read irom the Hon, Henry J. Scudder, member of Congress, offering @ site lor $750 and to contribute $160 toward the cost of grading it. A A number of dogs, the owners of which are um known, 8 few nights ago got among valuable | flock of sheep on the farm of Mr. Daniel N, Thomas, at Arshamomoque, near Greenpor!, wounded | three fwtaily, arove or carried away another, | which has not been found, and bit and mangled 6 numoer ot others, beside worrying aad distress. ing the entire fock. Mr. ‘Thomas, being unable to ascertain to whom the ons belong, bas appiled te | the town authoritiss of Soutnbold for compensa- tion out of the dog-tax fund. Mangiing sheep oy dogs 1s @ irequent occurence im Suffvlk county. STATEN ISLAND. Ex-County Treasurer Abram D. Winants has been appointed clerk of the legisiative Committee on Villages, of which Mr. Stephen D. stevens is chairman, ¥rotracted meetings have been held during the past fortnight io the Methodist church at Kreiscn- erville, und the accessions to the churon have been quite numerous, Anew house is being erected for the Medora Hook and Ladder Company of New Brighton, on Castie- ton avenue. Tne company propose to have & housewarming oa the 24d last. Mr, P. J. Kiernan, principal of the district school, will open @ night school on New York avente, Olifton, this evening, for the accoommodsa- tion of ooys who cannot attend the day school. A panel of grand and petit jarors will be draws at the County Clerk’s office, in Richmona, on Tues day, the 9th inst. to serve at the County Court and Court of Sessions, which will convene on Tuesday, the 3d inst. According to ® census of the school chi!dren 1s District No, 1 of Edgewater, just completed by Mr. H. F. Standerwick, clerk, there ate 300 be- tween the ages of eight and fourteen years. The fsa school ndance inthe district 18 230 jaily. The committee of the Edgewater trustees ap- pointed to investigate the charges made by ex- | Chief Engineer Brown against Rescue Engine Company No.9 for disobedience of orders in re- fusing to lend their hose ata fire in ‘lompkins ville some time ago, have concluded the, taking 0: testimony and will make their report to the Board of Trustees \o-morrow evening. ‘The village of Kdgewater has pata the following amounts on mandamus since tne let of lsat November :—To Edward Boyle, $1,095 78; W.G. Ward, $3,728 36; L. H. Meyer, $2,140 lin & Cu., $1,022 95; A. 8, Barnes & Co., $865 89; ‘August Schmid, dobn E: Armstrong, $71 53; $102 22.” Local, $9,026 88, About $7,500 still re- Mains to be ‘seltied in the same way. About $19,000 of tuxes are yet unpaid, most of w will probably be collected b. fore the list is ad tined in Maren next. NEW JERSEY. The Elizabeth Board of Education estimate their expenses tor the ensuing year at $81,040. The trial of Colonel Potter for alleged arson ts still in progress in Elizabeth, and continues to ex. cite unusual interest. she first instalment of the $10),000 voted by the Legislature of 1874 to the Centennial fund hes just been paid, the amount being $20,000, or one- fith of toe entire appropriation. The Grand Jary, at the present term of the Monmoath County Court, brought in thirty-five bills of indic:ment, one of which was against s woman for being ‘4 common scold and nuisance.” The funeral of the late Rev. Ur. Cl of dt. Jonn’s Episcopal church, Elizabetn, will take place to-morrow, and the remains wiil be interred in Phiiadelpnia, The mombers of the véstry, ina body, will attend the funeral as mourners, | ‘The Second Adventists in Gloucester county are holding @ series of meetings, and have calculated pretty closely. They predict vhat the world will- positively come to an end on the 19th of April next, One man tas so much Jatth in the predic concluded not to work avy more i Of tt, and the people in Bome por } tons of the county are much excited.