The New York Herald Newspaper, November 19, 1874, Page 4

4 THE RELIGIOUS WAR. The Controversy Between Gladstone and Manning, The Vatican Decrees and Civil llegiance. Does the Catholic Obey Queen or Pope? The Archbishop Calls Upon Catholics to Rally to the Papacy. oe “No Half-Hearted, Half-Fearful Assertions.” | LORD SHAFIESBURY AND RELI: ION | England Withdrawing trom the Papal Court. RELIGIOUS WARS IN THE OLDEN TIMES, The Gordon Riots and the | Emancipation Act. The Course of Mr. Gladstone and Earl Russell in *° 2 Past. The Gladstone Pamphlet. \ LONDON, Nov. 7, #874 Yesterday was issued a work entitled, “The Vatican Decrees in their Beariag on Civil Alle- giance: A Political Expostulation, by the Right | Hon. W. £. Gladstone,” | This little volume will form an important land- | mark In the great ecclesiastical controversy row raging all uver the world. It is one of the most | effective examinations of the recent claims of the Papacy that have ever appeared, and, coming from the leader of the \iberal party in England, it 1s destined to produce a profound influence on the opinion of the country and of Europe. It may, indeed, have results unexpected even by Mr. Giadsione himseli. It is more than an expostula, tion with Catnolics; 1t is an appeal to Protestants. | It we were still discussing the question of Catholic emancipation it would be @ powerful argument against the principle, and though Mr. Giadstone emphaticaily repudiates a retrograde policy on questions alfecting the civil rights of the Catholics, his tractate will appear to the strong Protestant epinion of the couutry a cali fora more active re- Sistance to the aggressions of Rome. | NO INSULT INTENDED TO CaTHOLICISM. | Tn his introductory chapter Mr, Gladstone states the occasion and scope of tne work. His primary object is to vindicate the remarkable words which he used in his recent essay in the Contemporary. Be denies that his language on that occasion was aggressive; coming irom @ layman who had Spent most and the best years of vis lile in the on- servation and practice of politics, the words were devensive. It was uot tie avettors of the Papal chair that bad a@ right to remonstrate with the world, but the world that had @ fight to remonstrate with His Holi ness aud wis abettors. He repels the assertion that his language was an insult to Roman Catho- lics; and i he is toid that he who animadverts ‘pop the Papa! chair aud its advisers assails or 1n- suits Roman Catuoiics, be ts not bound to accept a Proposition wich is uot im accordance with reason. | The Home of the middle ages (Mr. Gladstone goes on to say) claimed uni sai monarchy. The modern Charch of Kome has abandoned nothing. retracted nothing. is that ll? nit. By condembing as wail be seer those who, like Doyle, in 1826, charge the mediwval Vopes with aggression, s even if covertly, maint: ins what the medieval Popes maintained. Buteven this is not the worst. the worst by far is that, whereas in the national churches and communities of the witdie ages there was a brisk, vig- orous and constant opposition to these outrageousciaims, 40 opposition Which sioutly asserted its own orthodoxy, which always caused Itwl! to be respected and which even sometiines gained the upper hand, now in this nineteent century of ours, and while it 1s growing old, this same opposition has een put out of courtand iudic cially extinguished w Papal Church by the re- cent decri And it is impossible for persons acc res justly to complain when stich documents are subjected in geod taith toa strict examination as respects their compatibility with exvil tights and the obedience of subjects. MR. GLADSTONE’ PROPOSITIONS. The propositions which Mr. Gladstone proceeds | to vindicate are as Jollows:— | 1. That Rome has substituted for the proud boast of semper eadem & po nce aud change in faith. 4 Thatshe has rerurbished and paraded anew every Tusty tool she was fondly thought to have disused. 3. Tharnoone can now become her convert without renouncing bis moral and mental freedom, and placing his civil loyalty and duty at the merey of another 4. That she (Kome) has equally repudiated modern thought and ancient history. Of the first and fourth of these proposttions Mr. Gladstone says wat they velong to the theological domain, and he disposes of them briefly, Roman Catholic controversialists used to boast of the un- broken and absolute identity of beilefin that Church from the days of our Saviour, but now they asserted a living autoority ever ready to open, adopt and Shape cherubim doctrine accord- ing to the mes, He goes on to say :— If itis thought that the word “violence” was open to exception. | regret [cannot give it up. The justificae tion of the ancient definitions of the Church, whieh have endured the storms of 1.500 years, was to be found in this, that they were not arbitrary or wilful, but that they wholly sprang trom and | related to theories rampant at the time, and regard menacing to Christian beuef, Even the canons of the Council of Trent have. in the main, this amount apart from their mat of presumptive ‘warrant. decrees of the present perilous Pontificate have been passed to favor and pre- itate prevailing currents ot opinion in the eeclesiasti- | world of Kome in the growth of what is often termed among Protestants Mariolatry, and the beliet in Papal intaiivility was notoriously advancing, but it seems not fast enough to sausty the dominant party. To aim the deadly blows of 1454 ond 1870 at the old his- | toric, scientiie and moderate school was surely an act of Violence, and with this censure the proceeding of 1470 has actuaily been visited by the first living theologian Dow Within the Rowan communion—i mean Dr. John Henry Newman—who Nas used these significant words among others :—"Why should an aggressive and insvlent faction be allowed to make the licart of the just sad, whoun the Lord hath not made sorrowrul | CATHOLICISM AND MENTAL FREEDOM, Mr. Gladstone proceevs to discuss the third oroposition—that Kome has rejurvished and pa- raged anew every rusty tool she was fonaly thought to have disused. He quotes in support of it a amber of propositions condemned by the see oi Rome, Without citing aby of the learfully en- ergetic epithets in which the condemnations are sometimes clothed. the jollowing :—Those who ni tain tne liberty of the press (encyclical letter of Pope Gregory XVL, in 1881, and of Pope Pias [X., In 1864) ; or the lio- erty of conscience and of worship (encyclical of Pius IX., December 8, 1864); or the liberty of epeech (syllaous of March 18, 1861; proposition seventy-nine, encyciical of Pope Pins of Decem- 2h 1864) ; or who contend that Papal judgments ‘ay, ecrees may, withont sin, be destroyed or dif they treat of tne rules (dogmata) or Who assign to the State tne % the civil rights and province of ‘syllabus of Pope Pius L. ron 8, ‘ld that Roman Pontiffe and Ecu- have Franaaresaes o limits of urped the riguts 0! rinces, er Re chtaren'ma,, NOX emulvy iorce; or that knowledge of things ‘pha, osophical and ctyil ma: d should decline to pe .““\Ged by vivine an ecclesiastical authority; or the’ ™&triage 18 not | iu ite essence @ sacrament; of ¥'*! Warcage pot | sacramentally contracted Was a vin !!Dé lorce; or Mat the aboiition of the temporal pw Wer of tne jom Would be highly advantageous [0 the Churen; or that any otver religion tuan tue oman | religion may be established vy a State; or tha io “countries called Catholic” the iree exercisd of } other religions may laudabdly be allowed; or that » the Roman Pontut ought to come to terms witu | Pp the burch 1861) ; or whd wu. menicai Councils | all-only operating by sane: | ligious offices to the people | maintenance of rest or Among these propositions are | the measures taken to learn from the nighest Romad Catholic authorities of this country what Was the @xact situation of tne members o1 that cc inunion with respect to some of the better kuown exorbitancies of Papal assumption. Answers in abuadance, says Mr. Giadstone were ob- | tai tending vo show thai the docirines of depusition and persecution of keeping go taith with heretics and of universal dominion were obsolete beyond revival; thatevery assurance could be xiven resje em, except such as required the shain «{ @ formal retrac' tou: that they were in elfect mere bugbeurs, unworthy fo be taken into account by a nation which priied itself | of being made up of practical men. but it w&s unques felt that someth: e than (he renube avon particular neces-ary iM «ruer to he tuil conces ot avid rights to Komaa Catholics As to their individual loyally, & sume dis | Posed to generous or canaid interpretation had no Teason to be uneasy. Lt was ouly wich regard to requist- Gons which ight be made on them trum-another |uar- ter that apprebension could exist it Was reasonable that bagland should desire to know not only whet the Pope might do ior hitmself, but to what dewands, by the constitution of their Church, they were have, aid how far it was possible that such demands could touch thea | civil duty. THE POPE AND CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Mr. Giadstone adduces the testimony which was | given on this point vy various Koman Catholic | autoorities, He quotes Dr, Duyly, who said that tie Catholics obeyed the Pope in waters of Poligtous fairh und ecciesiastical discipline; oud that “our obedieuce to law and Lhe allegiance which We owe the Sovereizy are compete, anu full, and per ect, and undivided, masuiuch us they extend to all 1 sitiea!, lewal aad evil rights the King Oo. of his Suojects, 1 think the allegiance due to the king and (he ailegiance due to Lue Pope are as disunct and as divided In tue wt gature as any two tones can possibly be.” this was Dr. Doyle's state. ment; aud he iurther declared tia petiner the Pope nor any other evelesiastival pers son has any right to iteriere directiy or indirectly with the civil goverument, nor to op- pose in auy Manner the periormance of We civil duties which are due to tie king;” ant in ibe sate | art tae Koman Ca holic hierarchy f treland Ofticaally set forth “that it was DOU au artcie of the Vavnoitc faith that the Pope was tutaiiule.” Since that time (continues Mr. Gladstone) all these propositions have ten reversed. The Pope s Witaili- bility, when he speaks ex cathed-a on faith and iorals, | been declared, with the agent of the Dishops or tie n Charch, to ve an oF Chri cle Of faith biauing on the m0 the ol oeclared in le limit or reserve, and tas supremacy, without any ve of CVA Tights, has been similariy alfrmed toi o ude everything Which relates to the discipline and gov« raiment of the Church throug out ihe world. And these doctrines we now Kuow on the highest authority itis of necessity tor salvation to believe. SHOULD THE POPE CONTROL FAITH AND MORALS? Mr. Gladstone poin's out thar the dyMcuity will not be evaded by saying that itis only wuen the Pope speaks ex catheura that he is to be ovesed, for he himself is the only person who can unques- tionably dec.are What is ef cathedra aud what is nol. He goes on to say:— Again it may be sought to plead ff that the Pope 1s, after winch unquestionably delong to tue relixious domain, He dues nut propose (0 invade the country, to se qe Woolwich, or burn Ports- mouth. He will only. at thé worst, excommunicate op- ponents, ag he has excommunicaved Dr Von Doliinger And others. Ls this a good auswert After all, even in the Miudle Ages, it was not by the direct actin of feets and armies 'o! their own’ that popes contend.d with Kings wao Were retractovy. 4. was mainly by imterdicis and oy the retusal wuica tev entaled when t € bishops Were hut brave enough to reluge their pub icauon ot re + it was thus that bngiand er Joho, France un.er Hiuilp Au-usius, Alphouso the Noble, and every country r 1 care not to ask if ‘here be wrexgs ir tatters of human ite such us Cau escape from the description and boundary of morals. { subst that auiy is ® power which Tises wih us inthe morning and goes to rest with us a: night. It coe .iensive With (he action of our intelli euce, Lis tue shaiow waich cleaves to us go w we will, and which ouly leaves us When we leave the light of lie. 90, them, tt is the supreme direction of us inrespect to alduy wuich the Ponti declares to belong to him, aucry a. prov. te com iho. and this deciarati n be makes ov as an opinion of the schools, but of countries, Fidelibus credaudan e fenexdam. religious soctety which delivers vulleys ot spiritual censures in order (6 impeue the pertormanée ot Civil duties does ail the mischiet that 1s im ts power to sutlered un Leon un im its turn. do, and brings into question in the tace of te tute its title to civil protection. Will it be said, finally, that the muailibility touches only marter ‘of faith and | mora: il any of the homan casuists kindly acquaint us what are the departments at functions of human itfe which do not and cannot tall within the domain of mo: Mt they will not tel! us we must look elsewhere, Conduct and mor- als, We may suppose, are nearly coextensive, Three- fourths, then, of lite are thas hinded over; bat who will guarantee as w the fourih? Certainly not st. Paul, who saysi— Whether, thefetore, ye eat of drmk, or whatso- ever ye do, do ali to the glory of God," and “Whatsorver ye do in word or in deed, do-ail in the name of the Lord Jesus.’ No, such a distinction would be the device of & shallow policy uniess, thereaiter, can show that the Pope is uma which can impair their civil allegiauce, or tl such claim is made it will pe repelled ani reec Mr. Gladstone is led by just reasoning upon documentary evidence to tue following couciu- sious :— ‘That the Pope, authorized by his Council, claims for himself the domain (A) of saith, (b) of morals, (C) of all that concerns the government and discipile of the Courch; that be in lige manner claims the power of determining Limits of those domains; that he does not sever them by any ackuowledged of intellible Line from the domains of civil duty aud allegiance: that be, toerelore, claims. and claims from the moutu ot Ju.y, 1870, onwards plenary authority from every conver: and Member of nis Church that he shall “place his loyalty and civil duty at the mercy of anotuer, that other Leiug bumself.” | “aA DARING RAID,’ Discussing the ques. ion whetuer these propost- tions veing true are material, Mr. Giadstoue dis- misses the idea that ‘‘they have been disinterred, | like bigeous mumintes picked out of Egyptian Sarcophagi, in tie loterests of archeology.” It must, he says, be for some political object of a Very taugible kind that the risks pf so daring & Taid on the civil sphere have been deliveraiciy run, Then vomes the foliowing preguant passage :— A daring raid it ts; for it is most evident that the very | assertion of principles which estabiish an exemption irom alleg ance, or which impair iis completeness, goes in muny other Countries of Lurope far more directiy than with us to the crea ion ol political sirife and to dangers of the most macerial and tangible kind. The Struguie now proceeding in Germany atonce occurs to the mind as an instance. | ai not competent to give any opinion upon the particulars of that struguie. The institutions of Germany and the relative estimate ot State power and individual freedom ace materiaiiy dit- ferent trum curs. but { must aay as much as hus: First, 1t is not Prussia alone that is toucheu ; elsewhere, too. the pone \lesreaay, though the contention may bé delayed in other “tates: In Austra particularly the are recent laws in force raising much sume issues as the Pulk laws have raised, Gut the Roman Court pos sesses in perfection one art, the art of wait and it her wise maxis to fight but one enemy at od tb ous! ble ‘ may ve, of the present contict beiween German aud Koran enactments; abd that which was truly saia of France may now also be said with not leas truth ot cermany. When Germany is disqueted Europe cannot be at rest. I shouid feel less anxiety on this «ul Ject nad the -upreme Ponuff trankiy recognized his altered position since the events ot 1570, and in language as clear, if not as emphatic, ag that in Wich he has pr motern civilization, given tw Europe the assur- at he wouid be no party to the re-estabiisiment, claims a rily ri seribes ‘ance thi y blood and violence, of tte temporal power of the Church. It i$ easy to conceive that bis personal benev- jence, no less than his jeelings as ab liauan, must have inclitied hun individually toward @ course so humane, and. | should add, it might do. tt without presuuption, so prudent with what appears to an ingush eye @ lavish prodigality, Successive Italian govern- ments have made over the ecclesiastical powers ud privileges of the monarchy not w the Church of the country, for the revival of the popular and ‘ selfgoverning elements ot consutution, but to the Payal chair for the estabiishinent of ecclesiastical despotism, aud tne suppression of the last vestiges of independence. h Course, so difticult for @ foreigner to appreciate, or € v justity, has been met not by reciprocal conciliation, but by & Constant fire of denunciations aud comp/a.nts, When the tone of these denunciations and complaint is compared with the language of the authorized and fat yored Papal organs, in the press and of the wtramontane party (now the sole ieriumate party of the Latin Church) throughout Furope, it leads many to the pain- tuland revolting conclusion that tl ia fixed pur- pose among the secret inspirers policy to pur sue by the roid of force, upon the arrival of any favor- | abie opportunity, their favorite project of re-erecting | the terrestrial throne ot the Popedom, even if it | can only be re-erected ou the ashes of the cit and aid the whitening bones of the people. is difficult to conceive or contemplate the effects of such an endeavor, but the existence at this day of the policy, even in bare idea, is itself a portentous evil. [ | do not tale to say that itis an incentive to general | disturbance, @ premium upon European wars. [t is, in | MY opinion, Hot sanguine only, but almost ridiculous, to imagine that such a project could eventually succeed; bat it is difficult to overestimate the erect which it | might produce in generating and exasperating strite. It | might even to sowe extent disturb a puraiyze the tion of such governments a4 tnight \uterpose Tor no sep TAte purpose of their own, but ouly with @ view to the storation of the weneral peace in the bulefal power which is expressed by the phrase Ouria Komana, and rot at all adequately rendered in it hiswric torce by the asual English equivalent, of Rome.” if the Court of Roine really entert ins the scheme, tt doubtess counts on support in every country devoted party, which, | when it 01 po! power will a promove interierence, and w anority wil | work jor securing neutrality may be in jeopardy, aod land as one 180 to speak) ot stabulary authorities might come to be in question, it would be most interest. ing to know the mental attitude of our Koman Catholic fellow counryien in England and ireland wiih reer. | ence to the subject: and it seems to be one on which we are entitied to solicit information, THE LIBERAL PARTY AND CATHOLIC RIGHTS. The next point which Mr. G oue considers | | is—Were these propositions proper to be set jorta | by the preseut wiiter? He auswers the question | | thus:— - For thirty year, and in a great variety of cironm- | stances—ini ollice as an inaependent member ot Parlia- | | ment, in majorities wnd in small minorities, and during | the larger portion of the time as the representative ot & | Treat constituency, mainly clericai—I have, with others, | labored to maintain and exvend the civil rights of my Koman Catholic fellow countrymen. of this country, with which I tay juffered, and sometimes suffered he ‘or aad in influence from the velie! tha was too araentin the pursuit of that policy, whiie, at the same time, it bas always deen in the ‘worst odor | with the Court of neonseynence of ite (I hoped unalterable attachment to Itaiian liverty and indepen- | dence. ‘sometimes been spokesman of that party | in recommenaations which have teuced to fosier In tact | the imputation I have mentioned, though not to warrant | ft as matier of treason, but it hi xisted. Up to Lavy | opinion in the Roman rai CF counties Wakely be | civ! artially and 60 es widely tn Sere dgrrce where it wan rewiute, boring the nidated, Was tree wh Waile aves heresy was osten extinguished in blood; | liberalism and modern Civiizauon, | tet CIVIL DUTY. < ". tone also quotes words recently used | of Pope. claiming to the Supreme Judge of y an Commouweaith, and entitied “in | one Scmies to pass judgments on tie acts of man,” He does nos think that it would be just to j the Romish Church respon- ns, but it Is the duty of o' be “aise and arro- man Casbolic country. wu the position ut tive uold the members 0! sibie for recent innovatio! observers who hod them ¢ gant” toentreat their Ro! men to rey.ace taemselves and forty years auo Mr, Gladstone reier croversy Wich vr. ceded but inevery Cls-Aipine country a principie of ‘iberty to | a great extent heid its own, and national life retused to feputdown. Nay. more, ‘This precious and inestima- ble gift had not infre tly for its cndmpions & local preiacy and cier rice in history it seemed as at | What we may cull the constitutional party in tbe Church Was avout to trlumph, First, at the epoch of | the ‘ouncil of Constance, second, Meenas | | Frenen Episeopate was in conflict wil 01 Ai | cent "and, when Clement XI¥. levelled | with the the deadliest foes menial | and moral iuberty But irom | ), this stace of y, and the | t as deen | dee 4 r | 40 | | sisted that the educauonal agitation communion, yet I had for yery many the first and paramount duty of the me mike say OF could demand in of CIV equality. m of the civity ritish Legisiatur », 1, to give to lreand ail opard to matters of con: thus to set berseit right id wor So iar from see- piri? of unworthy ed to me the only one which suited clther the dignity or the vuty of im. country, while this deot rema ned unpaid, both betore aud aiter 1570. 1 did not think t my’ vrovince to open tormaily a line of aggument on a question ol prospective rather than immediate moment whicl mignt nave prejudiced the matter of duty iying nearest our hand and morally inured Great #ritain not less than nd, churekmen and non-contorinists uo less than the adherents of the Papal communion, by slack- ening the iaposi ion 'o pay the debt of justice. Part amout had passed the Churen act of i809 and th and act ot 1870 there remained only under the great head of imperia: equality one serivus question to be eae with—that of higher education, “I consider (tat ral ma ority in the House of Commons and the went to which ft had the honor and -atisfact ‘ong formally ren ‘ered pay nent in tuil of tis of the debt by the Irish University bill of Febru Some in eed, think th: this ism nitestiv € ov i the ing—what some believed they saw— compliance in such 4 course, it ap Kenan Cathole pre! fit tw procure ‘he rejectiou of that measure he dircet influence Which they exercised over certain number of Irish membersof Parliament, and by the temptation which hey thus oflere |—the bid in edfect whieh (w use a hom ly pbraeey tiey made to attract the support of the tory vpposition—this: efforis were d with @ complet success. From th I have seit that the situation wa: mportant maviers would have to be ciovred Up by suitable ex pl . The devt to frelard had deen Dida dest country at large hau sitio be dis- josed of, and Scie to be the duty of the hour, o ong, heed, ay | continued to be Prine Monister L shouid hot have considered & brow) polisiea discussion on © feferal quest bh suitaule, Nether {, nor, Lam certain, my colleagues would have | een disposed to run the risk’ of stirring Dopular passion by a vulg.r appeal; bat every dittcul'y aristag trom necessary: Kimitacons of as oficial position has now been removed, Discussing our home policy orahe future, Mr, Gladstone says that in regard to what tue loeral POucy tas accomplished by Word or deed in es ab- suing (he tall civil equality of Roman Catuolics he regrets nothiog and recants notning, Arehbishop Manning's Reply. (From the London Times.) Archbishop Manning, at @ large meeting of Roman Catiolic clergy, nobiemen and lay assist- ants, assembled at his house on Thursday evening, delivered an inaugural address to the Roman Ca- tholic Academia in rejerence to the future policy 1 the Catholic world. Thirteen years ago, he said, it was found necessary to extend the work of the association in England. and he was giad to say that they had done muen to correct and educate the press of this country. In the present crisis, and looking to the com- ing great future struggle, they had a vast work befvre them, Looking to the hosttiity mant- vested on the Continent to the Sovereign Pontiff, be invited their special attention to tne best Means of asserting lis iniailibility and his right to spiritual and temporal power. One thing he would cali their attention to, namely, that since his temporal power on the Continent nad been de- nied him bis spiritual power and influence over his subjects had greatly tucreased, Cummenuug upon tue proposed system ol international arul- tration, discussed at the recent Codie.euce at Geueva, he sald there could de but one autuornzed arbilratur between the nations of cue earth, and that oue was Lue ove Who Was Not interested in the temporal affairs 0: one nation more than auother, but Was impartial to ali, aud \Dat was the sovereign Pouud himself, Utuer ques- tions wii-n he invited their most serivus con- Siueation to were the infa.iuiity of the Holy Father, his right ‘0 temporal aS Well as aniritual autuority, and, amds! ul. the conMicting opiuivus of the world, tue mtimate necessity of acknoWle iging Civil allegiance to bin as their only salety. Dours it dad been intimated to him that the Cath- olic Worid Was tureatened with & Controversy on whe Whole Ol the decrees of ine Vatican Council. From this and other matiers that bad come to ui3s knowledge ue Could see that they were on the vely eve vi one of the mightiest controversies the reiigious World has ever seek. Certainly votuing like the controversy un Which they were avout to enter had iaken place Guring the last three uuo- dred years, and the tWust be prepared. If they would only prepare themseives, be did not fear sor the decrees of tue Vatican Cvuneil or the Vatican itsell, Bat they must no huif-hearted measures. They must tave no hali-feariul, ali-hearted assertioa of che Sovereign Poutu’s claims, Luey must not fear to declare to England, turougn tue free press o' Logland, the sovereign Pontin’s claim to iniailioiaty, nis mynt to teu. poral power, andthe duty ol the nations o1 tue earth to return to Laer allegiance touim. I they did this. i they proclaimed Chis wich nv uncertain sound. Protestants o. England aud Provestants Unroughout tue world would near them and be convinced, If, on the other hand, they minced matters, and spoke 10 baif-ieartul mea-ures, Prot- estants would only turn away from them oor their Wabt of houesty. Vrotestants knew well what they meant apd what the claims oi the Catholic Cudscn were, and therelore it would be best lor the Cnurch now to speak out, aud be had no Jear jor the result. Lord Shaftesbury’s View. In a recent address the Earl of Shaftesbury says:— if he had the wealth of Glasgow, or the weaith Ol a lew peopie to it, so far (rom learing the prog- ress ot science, as many people did, he would spend no end of muney to encourage it. He would urge upon these masters of wisdom that they did not plunge deep enough; they stiould go further snd wider and higher. He wished a \bou- Saud times ag Many tuinds Were engaged {n scien- tine pursu.ts, A iew eminent men held & monop- oly, and they crusued tne public witn their crude and abunaant lancies, But there was no greater folly than that committed by those who would maintain revealed truth by counter theories, ihe Bivle bas sufered jar more from its friends than trom its evemies, In their tim- idity they have deprecated imquity, and 80 have appeared to distrust their own Zion. In their over zeai—as i the Bibie could not take care Of ifseli—they have proceeded to give ex- pianations and interpretatiwns which the tan- guage Of Scripture Wouid never justily, and then some clever -cienufic man laid hold of it, and in his criticisms has overthrown the faith of many by bis just aud his ridiculing observations, Had he the wéaith oi Glasgow he would say to Max Muller and his Orientalists:—‘‘Here is the sum 01 £50,000; Collect the facts eee Send abroad your men. Yon say langueges ure dyipg out; send avroad .ud take the dy. ng speech, the (ast conies- sion of these dying tongues." He would send the same sum to Projessor Tyndall aud say to pim:— “Avcumulate your iacts; | don’t care about your theories, vut turn your powertul inteliect to the pursuit of tacts.” He firmly believed tnat if Glas- gew or anv wealihy city were to come down with such @ means of advancing science they would see that in less than ten years that grand old book would be itke the ark upon the top of Mount Ara: at, surveying the subsiding of the waters and rejoicing in the restoration O1 lite and joy. Cardinal Cullen on Materialism. {From the London Datly Telegraph.} On November @ Cardinal Cullen issued a pastoral recommending the Catholics of his diocese to sub- | NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 19, ears felt it tobe | 1874.-TRIPLE SHEET, GLADSTONE AND MANNING. Prudentius Defines What the Church Considers Lawfal and Uniawtul. To THe Evitor Ov TH8 HERALD in your editorial article of last Sunday, on the Manning-Gladstone controversy, ocvur some pas- sagea to Which all Catholics must take exception, | Quotung the words of the Archbishop, ‘Civil obedience rests on natural law; revealed truth is | the law of God,” you pursue thus: ~“Consequently the law of God teaches ali men that they must, for the good of society, obey civil rulers in ali things | toat are lawiul.”? And you continue:—“fhe Arch. bishop thus admits in this ‘reservation the same principle which was 80 much in vogue during our anti-slavery discussions, and which Seward spoke of as the higher law. Seward and the anti-slavery Statesmen contended that a higher !aw—a law of conscience—compelied them ‘0 disobey the Fugi- tive Slave law decrees, Archbishop Manning ad- vances the same principle When he reserves to his Church what laws are or are not binding upon the conscience of the Catholic citizen." Pardon me, but the HERALD says too much, and draws too broad and too damaging an imerence when be says that Archbishop Manning “reserves to his Courch (to declare?) what laws are or are not binding upon the conscience of the Catholic citizen.” The words of the Arcabishop are :—'So- ciety ts founded on nature and subjects are bound in all things whict are lawiul to obey their rulers.” Allow me to show you in what Catholic doc rine, on this point, reseuhies the anti-slavery “higher | law,” and in what it differs, Within the last twenty-tour | and to the world, | scrive largely to the Catholic University, and inci- | denval.y alluding to modern science and to Messrs. Moody and Sankey, the itinerant preachers, now in Dublin. The Cardinal saysi— “Great efforts are now being made to destroy Catholic eaucation, The banner of infidelity is daringly uniuried in our own land, and the worst systems of pantheism and materialism, masked under the Dame of science, are recommended to us ag the Lecessary consequence of the enlighten- ment of the age and the progress of the arts To meet the wicked pians of the enemy it 1s neces sary to bave @ good Vatholic university, in which the higher branches of literature and science may be properly cultivated, and at the same time ier- tilized by tne dews of heaven.’! The Cardinal says Catholics oazkt to pray ior the conversion of th outside tue pale of truth, who are nuw giving w their articles of reiivion and Book of Common Prayer, and becoming (ollowers and admirers in religious matters of ignorant converced colilers, roaring minstrels, OF speculative travellers, wio can scarcely ve expected to war successfully againat the worid, the flesh aud the devil, Mr. John Morley's View. {From the London Datly News.) Mr. John Morley, editor of the Fortnightly Re view, last evening delivered an address at we Evangelical | ' lawial. Manchester Reform Club on the present condition , | party contained many men who, cousidering “tne iustitution” as essentiaily Wrong, beleved them- | of the education question, Speaking of clerical fellowship he said it Was @ breach of souna poiti- cal principle and an incentive to religious hy- pocriay. 48 to primary education, Mr. Morley in- must be be- gun agaip, And suggested, a8 Lecessury jor the perfection oO: the system, the gradua: avolition of gran's for wttendance, the enactment of compule sion aad the estaviusiment of iree scuools, England and the rapal Court. {From the Pali Mail Guzette,) An informai intimation has been given to tne public in a leading article in the 7imes that the anomalous representation of England at the Papal Court is at length to cease, The immediate cause of the withdrawal of the Secretary of Legation, who has stood toward the Pope in the character of | the conduct oi their Oppovents. @n hoporary and semi-oficia: ambassador irom the | Court of St. James since tie removai of Lord Udo representative in retary the situation bas increased and ‘he awkwardness of ver since Cavour made his formal claim to Kome asthe calian capita. im isel. Since the liaitan government took ap 16s quarters where in the following year the Enullan mission to the Pope lias seen what las ecu de BCLIDES ad a “INEALINGless suadoW Russe to Berlin, 1s, no doubt, the departure of the last remnant of the Freuch protecting jorces irom | the harbor of Uiviia Veccnia. Even before the temporai power Was Lost to the lead of the Cuuren tiere was dificuity tn preserving formal diplo- mate relations with the Vatican when Great Britain deciined to receive a nuncio as the Pope's | | tonal queations The Catholic Church and her Pontiff are the cns- todians, Witnesses and expounders of the entire revealed truth, written and unwritten, Now, revelation embraces the natural law prowulgated anew under Moses, and forming the grocudwork of domestic and Civil society, It is with her a cardinal priucipie that she has no power to change or dispense with any one of the clearly kuown dispositions of the law of navure, dny more than she can alter or dispense with like dispositions of the divine positive law. They bota are the expression of the suicidal mistake: and tne party among ourselves What might, in extremity, y a “No Popery” cry, Would meet With the same fate. PRUDENTIUS, RELIGIOUS WARS IN THE PAST. A Historical Retrospect. Ever since the Reformation the annals of Eng- land have been crowdea with reports of religious excitements growing out of the real or fancied designs of the Pope to bring back that country to the fold of the Catholic Churck. Tne mass of the people have been taught to believe that the boasted free institutions of tue kingdom would be subverted in the event of such a calamity occur ring, and that the privilege of Iberty of con- science which they now enjoy would soon cease to exist. The Catnolic body in Great Britain ts com- paratively small, and includes among its members many of the most distinguished and aristocratic | ol the inhabitants. No charge has been made | against their toyaity tothe Crown, and there 16 no pretence that they are not @ law-abiding and estimable class, They, however, are remark- able for their devotion to the Holy See, and for zeal in the cause of Christianity. This would ap- pear to have recently, as 1b has on former occa- sions, given offence to some of their Protestant countrymen. The Catholics, it cannot be denied, have suffered severely under English penal legis- lation, and some relics of discriminating laws against them atill remain on the statute books, Their efforts to have these enactments repealed have been characterized by moderation and a | spirit of patience that certainly entitle them to the greatest respect, There are some persons, however, who are unwilling to give them any credit for tnis conduct. Such wem as Messrs, Whalley and Newdegate throw aside all ideas of charity and courtesy when considering | the rignts of their Catholic fellow subjects; but tt was not expected that Mr, Giadstune would come forward to stir up religious strife and seek to em- broil the country in a'dangerous and uncalled-for | doctrinal war, which, he claims, involves the divine will, binding alike on tue head of the | church and on every individual wivhio her bosom, Auy legislative enactment, no matter from what source proceeding, that violates the law of nature, fuunded in the eternal and essential fituess of things, is of itseli null and void. such is the law forbidding marriage between parents and thvir descendants down to the remolest generation, No law of Courch or State can change tue natural aud essential “unfitness” exisiiug vere; no dis- pensation of any uman auihority can validate a union which nature reprovates. Such, again, would be @ law tolerating or sanctioning pro- miscuous tohabitativn, Such, uuder cue new law reveaied = by Chrisi, woud be @ law legalizing polygamy und commanding the oficers of State or all private cilaeus, under Cerbalm circuinstances, tu aid the po.ygamist in recovering Wis dusconding Concubine, Sici, Umaiy, Would be # iaW waking Ol man a were Chatiel of his teuoW man, deuying nim ali social rights and compelling uim to the badiiual violativu of Lis own inate moral sense, Luese laws Ol (he state are tpso Jacto, and ante- Tlorly (0 aby decision Oj (he Supre ve Court or e.cie- slastical tribunal, Dud and o; no edect, The law of nature, or the KuOWD positive !aw of God, woich they violate, DOL Ouly dispenses irom Ove) ing the legisiator, LUL binus us nut Ww Obey lin. When, thereiure, you speak oO! ite jaw of the State as opposed to the “uner Jaw,” elbuer «ft pature or positive Teveiation, you duce & (ise uolion Lb Vie Minds OF yous readers. Avy iegisiative en icc ment wiich is contrary to eitae. Of these in a Christiay comuuuity is admitted by ail jurists to be bu law. ery law, Properly su-calied, is one that 13 in accordadve Witu tue Uulversally ackuowleuged principies of rigut and wrong. Heuce vetween suct jaw (soley deserving ol the nam) aud what 1s meaut vy the “uiguer ww! Tere Cad ve Ho coDflivt, uv opposition, You are the Suaie, or tue State's iezisiator, and you enact & Jaw binding we, us under tie oid Cwsars, to ofer incense ty the statue ol. tue Em- wror in token Of divile worsil), oF tO sacrifive Lo jupiter or Diana. Aint, wuo velieve tu tie one true God aud revere His commundwents, bound 10 obey your Is there wot wa “igaer saw” in the very first prevept of the Decalogue soroidding the act you enjoin From bie harem Ol tue siormon Prophet, Or of some one oF dis ioatusome col- ers, & VICI UI polywAly ezcapes Leyund Lue imits of Uiau aod lakes reluge LVeneutil the root Or a Iree Citizeu Of a ree stale. Cau any law Wich Congress may Wake Lu compel Cul eeWU LO Tes siure the jugitive to wer lord, or to give cuectuive aid IM capruriug and restoring aer, be Liuuing on tuat ciiZeu’s Conscieuce f Again, (am cilizeu of Geneva, or Cologne, or Posen, and my Ua holic cunscience teacu 8 me that no olsnop, NO priest can miuiser vo my soul in wer need—iet me say at deatu's dour—bhe sacra Meuts astituted vy Curist, suave slvue Uhuse ap- poluted and commissiwned vy the dead Oo bie Church, You, tne state, deciare that the Pope shall henceforta have no more jiirts- diction over me and my sellow cathol.cs, that 1 shall have ueither piest por bishop to minister to me, save such as you ap- point; and you banish the pasvors why reuse to acknowledze you a8 Lhe source uf Spiritual juris- diction, aud ‘forcibly iusiad in tier piace the criminal and the apostate. 1 know as Ciearly as [ know tiny Own existence tuat these latruders lave No poWer W paruon or to veal, aud tual to accept their ministration’ Would oe ueadiy sacriiege: ami bouad to obey you? No! Your euactmeut 18 no aw; lb ty Cunt ary to the orst principles Of legisiation, Lamin Russian Poland, aud the allegiance of avout one-iourth the population of the United Kingdom. It willbe seen tn what fol- lows that even in recent times the public feeling has been deeply moved in reference to the claims of Roman Catholics, and that the originators of | the excitements have either lived to acknowledge Tuthiess autocrat gends ls Cossacks LO compel | , Qttacked and burned; the prisons were broken Me at the point Of Lhe iance to attend a schismati cal Worsip, to enregisier publicly my renounce. Ment 01 ali Spiritual subjection io the Bishop of Rome and (hose in commuuiou with him. ls the edict Wuich compels Me to be dignified wWitu tue name of law? Ur las such au ed.ct oinding lorce on my Couscieace? When, theretore, you mean that there should be no connict bevween the laws of the State and “higher law,” you can only Mean tuis—tuat the Will oi the legisia.or enjoins no wing that 18 out in known conlormity with the divine Will as de- Ciared In the law of Dature and (he revealed .aw. All things, und only tuese, Which so couform are “dawiul.’ When the civil ruier enjoins these, and these ouly, 4 am bound to obey him as God him- sell. There is then “a resei vation” which it isin the very nature of things to make in speaking of our obedience to humau legislation in Churcn or State, that tne laws shail enjoin no wrong. Pagans | and Christians, citizens of every creed and cme, are Oyrecd Of thid point, It means the sawe thing the whoie world over and uuder every gov- eroment. I venture to say that before a month has passed you will hear the game explanation irom Arciie bishop Mauning. “In all things lawtul” is a reser- vation that you yourself make wien you iuply, While oveying the iaw, that it shall not enjoin what nature and nature’s God deciare to ve un- Beyond this extent, whicn 13 common to all classes anu creeds in tae community, 1 know of no reservatiou ever made by the Catholic Cnurch, ‘There is a great ditference between tuis “reserva- | tion’? as here expiained and the intepretation commonly given to the “higher law’ auring the anti-slavery agitation. ‘The iramers 01 tue constitution, or at least a majority oF them, vad found siavery existing a: an estabiished iact, 1am not aware that a single one of them at that time praised It as a blessing. It was an inheritance partiy bequeathed to us vy the old colonial adminis:ration aud partly due to our own cuptdit;. It was considered by moderate men as an evil; but tne diniculty ‘was now to abate it. How it became a sectional institution all Know, as well as how its increase and permanence led to fierce strife and learful bloodshed need not here be told. Fugitive Slave law was passed, while one party considered slavery, even apart from its avuses, as “an essential evil” and appealed to a “higner law” commanding ali to aid in suppressing it, there was an equal numoer Who Considered It & still greater evil to expose the Union to disruption and the couutry to the horrors o1 a civil and, evens ay ol a servile war. When tie Supreme Court bad decided that slavery was consutulional and citizens were culled upon to enfurce the laws of Congress tue perplexity of the law-aviding became greater, wile the indignation Oo! the others grew more violent and active. There can be no doubt that the anti-slavery seives vound 1p conscience to overthrow it, But itis equally certain that tere tu the North other conscientious motives, just as weighty, iufiuenced Catholics, as & body, thougn averse to slavery and deporing ita abuses, did not condemn it in ttsell and apart from these ag “esventiaily evu."’ They feured from its violent suppression greater mischief to the country, and considered, tov, that, im the doubt, the law of Congress Was vindiug and the decisions of tne Supreme Court valid, | velieve vhat during the agttauon their attitude of couctli- ation and moderation received high praise. Now, had the country veen Catholic, had we lived at anepoch when the Ho.y See waa recognized the high tribunal of Curistenaom, it is not uo- likely that the doctrinal as Well as the constitu. involved in southern siavery wonid have been reierred to the Pontfl’s arbitra. ment, Siavery Would have been done away with here as in every country in kurope, without com- motion, wariare and bloodshed, and without en- tailing any one of the Miseries Which the Dext two generations of Americans must have to deal with. a ie ee Even veiure the | | were repeaied in 1750. finai liveration was achieved there was fo rest. | | Avout Ls24 the press began to take up the subject | ; Whorant Protestans being excited by wo No suca opportunity of interfering, directly or | indirectly, 14 Our national discussions may ever again present itself, Wiat i more, siuce our c.Vil War, and, indeed, since the defnition in 1870 of tue Pontifical infalioiity, the Pope has again and again expressed liimsell in cerms of gratesul ad- miration of the religious liberty existing io Eng. land and the United states. We cannot nave ior- gotten his atterances to the Prince ot Wale England, aod tis alfectionate pressed in Rome to Mr. to others, Seward lumset and about | sentiments ex- their errors or died ander melancholy and dis tressing circuinstances, Lord John Russell, when in power twenty-four years ago, under singular circumstances to be stated hereafter, created a genera) reiorm all over Great Britain and. Ireland, and procured the enactment of a law which waa intended to extinguish the hierarchy which Pius IX, had just created. Durtog Mr. Glad- stone’s administration this law was repealed, thus conceding that the dangers apprehended tn 1850 had no foundation. The alarm wag as great and widespread then as now, and was created to as | large an extent by Lora John as the present emo- tion has been by tiie ex-Premier. It will also be observed that those who feared the evil effects of the act of emancipation in 1829, soon after its pas- sage acknowledged its beneficent and just results, LORD GEORGB GORDON’S RIOTS. The oppressive laws that existed against per- sons projessing the Catholic faich in Great sritain and Ire:and ever since the time of Elizabeth were partially modified in 1778 and subsequent years before the ciose of the eighteenth century. Cath. Olics were allowed to enter the army, permission was granted to the followers of that creed to be educated by their own tnstructors, and tuere was ho iobyer an inducement to persecute them under the authority of the penal statutes that exceeded in severity Suything known in Europe at the time. An act introduced by Sir George Savilie was Dussed granting some privileges to the Roman Catuoles which gave great offence to a portion of the population, 1n 1779@ proposition to procure the passage of a law for the relief of Scottish Roman Catholics, similar to Saville’y act, caused an extraordinary excite- meut, in which Lord George Gordon took @ prom- ineot part and became the leader of the maicon- tents. Gordon was the third son of the Duke of Gurdon; ve had served in the navy and entered Parliament at the age of twenty-iour. He wasa determined political agitator abd a man of un- balanced mind. Ais hostility to granting any rights ac ali to Roman Catholics took the form of a mania, Ea ly in 1780 he presented a petition raylug for the repeal of Sir George Saville’s act; put, Ondinz the government indifferent to the ap- Piication, he convened a meeting of THE PROTESTANT ASSOCIATION, which he nad organized in London, of which he had been elected president. On the day appointed a concourse of 60,000 assembied in St. George’s fieius aad accompanied him to tne houses of Par- liament, which they completely surrounded. The House having several times refused to take the petition wto tmumediate consideration, Gordon addressed the mob irom the top of the gallery Stairs. naming the members who had spoken aguinst the measure, and protesting that “there Would be no help for the Scottisi, people till ail the Popish cuapels were destroyed.’ The rabble oi London who formed the great body of his hearers appiauded the-e sentiments and proceeded to act upon them, The sceues of terror and out- Tage that jollowed are graphically described in Dickens’ ‘Barnaby Rudge.” The chapels of the SardiniaD and the Bavarian legations with many other places of Catholic worship in the metropolis were sacked. For four days the city was at the mercy of the mob; the house of the Chief Justice (Lord Mansfleid) and many public buildings were Open, and fires raged in every quarter of London, TROOPS NOW BRGAN TO POUK INTO THR CITY. ‘The riot was quelled after more than 450 people had been killea and wounded. Gordon was ar- rested on a charge of treason, but he was acquitved on the ground that his intentions in assembling the peopie were not Malicious or traitorous, in May, 1786, he was excommunicated by the Arch- bishop of Canterbury for contempt in pot appear- ing in court as witnesa inacause. ‘Iwo years later Gordon was senteaced to several fpagerene aud to pay heavy fines for having ibelied the administration of criminal justice in pagina and the Queen of France. He then retired to Holland; but he Was arrested, sent home and committed to Newgate, where he passed sue re- mainder of his life. He appealed in vain to the National Assembly of France to interpose in bis behail. His last moments were embittered by the knowledge that ne could not be buried among the Jews, whose religion ne hud embraced, THE EMANCIPATION ACT, It will be remembered that this famons measure ‘Was passed in 182%, through the Jong continued agitation carried on Et O'Connell, by which he brougut about & complete union between the Catholics of Great Britain and Ireland. ‘The de- Mands of the people became so earnest and press- ing that the Engiish Cabinet only yielded to avert civil war. Entering the House of Commons, a duly elected member, O’Connell retused to take the Oaths framed to exciude Roman Catholics, and the excitement which the event produced was so great that Peel and Wellington had to succumb to avoid the contingency alluded to above. From first to last the suiferings of the Roman Catholics | were the frutt of political tyrrany quite as much 8 of religious rancor or fanaticism, and sneir re- lease Waseffected by @ change in the political Tather than in the religious views or feelings of the dominant party. The English Parliament, which was Intensely anti-Catholic, enacied in 1691 that Iriah members shouid take the oath of supremacy, and three years later @ setol acts were passed, which placed the Roman Uatholics 1n @ Worse position than at any previous period of their history. The whole population was disarmed and THE PRIESTS BANISHED from the country, But what was still more in- tolerable was tue interference with the private arrangements of their families. Ail Catholics were protubited trom acting as guaratans, not only to Provestant, but to Catnolic chiidren, At a some- what later date (1704) it Was enacted that if ason chose to turn Protestant, he should be entitied to dispossess his father and at once take possession of the lamily estate. Catholics were deprived 0: the right of acquiring land by purchase and were ex- cluded !rom all offices of trust—civil and military. They were denied the right of sulrage and admis- sion to the Bar, and there was a regulation that if @ Protestant lawyer married a Cavbolic he should be hed to have gone over vo her lait. The prohibition bert Catholics acting as scliool- masters, under the penulty of peing prosecute @> convicts, Virtually excluded the whole popula. tlou irom education, and another law was that if a priest celebrated a marriaga between @ Catholic and Protestant he suouid be hanged, As men- tioned above, in referring to the Gordou riots, many of THE DISQUALIFYING STATUTES From tais pertod until the warmly, O'Connell rapidly became a power, and aa early as 1825 Sir F. Burdett introduced a relief | bill, which passed the Commons by a majori:y of 268 to 241, Dut Was repealed oy the Lords. A Slignt reaction now took piace, the superstitious fears of “0 Popery” cry, aud in consequence a new relief bili—introduced tn 1847—was lost in the Commons by @& majority of tour. But the liberal view of the Catholic question was essentially the popular one, at least among the enlightened Classes; and as a proof of thu under the hostile auministration of the Duke o: Wellington the very same resolution that was lost 1p 1827 Was carried in 1828 by & majority of six. The Duke now began to waver in opinion, aud the K Speech in the following year contained a recommeudation to consider the advisability of removing Catholic disaotities, April, 1829, the bili became the law of the land. ‘The controversy thas ended was one of the most important \uat ever agitated the country. PROVISIONS OF THE LAW. The chief feature of the measure was the abro- Mir, Gladstone bad made. for party purpores, @ | gallon oi Le Obsiacias in the Way of Roman Catu- Fie’ im- | ee | ing friends, oltcs entering Parliament. They were sound, however, by oath oot to do anything to injure or with the Established Caurch, They were ‘abe oMces and to a epjoyment of all municipal rights. The a and navy had already been opened to them, On the hand they were excluded from the offices of Kegent, Lord Chancellor of England, Iretand and of Viceroy ot Ireland; ‘rom alloMces connected with the universities and schools, and from ali digposai of Caurch patrona; One part of the act disitanchised a large body peopie by which & £10 was suustituted Jor a forty shilling quaidcation in Ireland, Tne Roman. Cathoitc ciergy Were leit in the position of other dissenters, the gvverniment having deciined to ip- troduce any machinery for prying into their reia- tions with the Pope. The extension of monastio, institutions was prohibited, and it was enacted tnat the namver oi Jesuits siould not be ine creased, and that they shouid be subject to registration. Some portions of the Emanctpation. aet bave been modified since its passage. Tha Lord Chanceilor of Ireland can be a Catholic, but the penalues ‘ainst Jesuits coming into the country and the legal puwer of the State Depart ment to forcibly expel them remain in operation, RE-BSTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH HISRARCHY. Mr, Giadstoue 1D his recent pamphiet took occa- sion to refer to the Emanctpauon act as a boom which ougut to have entirely drawn away the spiritual ailegiance acceded by Catholics to the Pope and made them dutiful subjects of the roigu- ing monarch. He hoids that one 1s inconsistent with the other, though Catholics are intrusted. with the lighesi puolic functions, and, by the very terms of the emanetpatiou aci, invidious distinc tious are made agatnst them, But Protestant. fear of the Catholic Church had a new manilestae tion when the Cagholic luerarchy was established im Engiand in 1850, and Wiseman created Cardinai Archoisiop of Westminster, Lora Jonn (now Sari) Kusseli on that occuston, like Mr. Giadsvone on the present, but with more plausible. eo. addressed a letter to the Bishop of Dur- Ham in Which he spoke Oi the Catholic Church in. the most insuiting werms, whiten bad the effect of awakening {n England a storm of religious strile, The Papal briei was issued {rom St, Peter's UNDER THB RING OF THE FISHERMAN, and was almost immediately followed by & pase: toral by Cardinal Wiseman, “given out of the Fiaminian gate.’ ‘1his measure, for which th Protestant public were but littic prepared, and which was made more jormidabie in their eyes by the language which was employed, although but following the established Canonical lorms and hecrine altogether on the spiritual concerns of Cactnulics, was supposed to iuvolve an invasion of the rights and diguities of the Established Churcly and of tie Crown, As stated, a tempest of ree ligious excitement broke out, which was favored by leading members of the government, It was unexampled during the memory of the living eneration, While this excitement was at 19 forgut the new Cardinal, who bad gone to Rome, revurned to Hngland and published an expiana- tory address 01 eat apility and moderation, bug yet firmly asserting the Strictly constitutional Tights of his teliow Catholics, entitled “An APPEAL TO REASON AND GOOD FEELING of the people of Engiand on the subject of the Catholic nierarchy.” Meantime public meetings were held, at which inflammatory addresses were delivered; the clergy and press joined in the out. cry, and by a return made to Parliament it as~ certained that no less than 3,145 addresses had been presented to the Queen on the subject. Violent debates took place in both houses. It was’ under these circumstances that Lord Joun Ruse sei! introduced the Ecclesiastical Tities bill, which provided that any person in England or Lreland Who should assume to Use the name, style or title of archbishop of any province, bishop of any bishopric or dean of any deanery should for every such Offence forfeit £100, Notwithstanding these occurrences, the undoubted abilities, spotless reputation and great literary eminence ol Cardi- nal Wiseman eventually’ compeiled the ad. miration of the British — pubvitc, He took frequent occasion, moreover, ike his successor, Archbishop Manning, to make public jectures and addresses on tue neutral subjects of education, literature and art; and by ee himself with movements ‘or the moral and physical advancement of the people he won and retained the sympathies and esteem of cultivated English- men ol every degree. The Ecclesiastical Titles act turned out to be ® dead letter. It could not in any event be enforced in Ireland without serious consequences. lt was repealed in 1571, A re- markabie fact in this connection is that Lord Johm Russell, who 80 Horsely opposed the re-estabiish- ment of the hierarchy [n England, was consulted before the bull was issued, and approved of the Measure and the appointments made under tt He has since regretted the part be played im rousing the religioug fears aud bigotry of his countrymen in 1800, THR PROPOSED CONGRESS, Referring to the proposed meeting of an Inter- National Catholic Congress in London to take into consideration the interests of the Churcn, to re- assert the Pope's rignt to temporal as wellas spiritual power and to prociaim the bounden duty of all Christians to return to allegiance to Rome, it may be remarked that such wn assemblage would be almost without precedent. In Jact, the Council of the Vaticun in 1869 defined how and under what circumstances synods and councila— national and diocesan—are to be summoned, An international congress could hardly originate with the chiel dignitaries of the Church im any one country. Such an assembly would partake of the character of a Reneral council, and this could only be calle. together by the Holy Father. Since the re-establishment of the Catholic hierarchy io England, in 1861, four national councils have been held in that kingdom. The first was in 1852, which was followed by a second in 1855 and a third im 1859, The last met in 1873, and was presided over by Dr. Manning. The latter eminent prelate has perhaps the largest number (twelve) Ol suffragaus of any Archbishop tn the Catholic world. In addition, instead of being, as before 1851, Merely apostolic vicars, they are now in- vested with full Papal jurisdiction by virtue of their offices. The following is a list of their names and’ sees:—Most Rey. Dr. Brown, Bishop o! New- ort; Most Rev. Dr. Vaughan, Bishop of Plymouth; lost Rev. Dr. Roskell, Bisvop of Nottingham; Most Rev, br. Clifford. Bishop of Cillden; Most Rev. Dr. Brown, Bishop of Shrewsbury; Most Rev. Dr. Amherst, Bishop of Northampton; Most Rev. Dr, Cornthwaite, Bishop of Beverly; Most Rev. Dr, Daneli, Bishop of Southwark; Most Ri Dr. Vaughan, Bishop of Salford; Most Rev. Dr. O’Reilley, Bishop of Liverpool; Bost Rev, Dr. Ulla: thorne, Bishop of ee eae and Most Rev. Dr. Chadwick, Bishop of Hexham. IS THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY A PROTESTANT BY BAPTISM? {London (Noy. 3) correspondence of Dundee Ad- vertiser.] The controversy with regard to the baptiam of the Archbishop of Canterbury, to which I reterrea some time ago, threatens to become serious, The irenzy of hatred with which the High Church party have regarded Dr, Tait ever since the introduction of the Public Worship bill instead of abating only Waxes more furious, and they are deter. mined to use the baptism controversy with the view of discrediting the Pri- mate, A letter has now been addressed to the Bente of Winchester, asking him to “relieve the consciences of churchmen” by satisfying them on this point. Whetner Dr. Harold Browne will give his correspondent sny satisfaction on the point I do not know; butl velieve the fact to be that Dr. Tait was baptized aster the Presbyterian, though never after the Anglican form. This, how- ever, ought to satisfy even Hign Churchmen, since 1t 18 quite sufficient tor the Pope himself. It will be remembered that in his celebrated letter to the Emperor of Germany Pope Pius IX. claimed some undefined spiritual authority over him on the ground that he had been baptized; and it will not be contended that Lutheran baptism is in any Way superior to Presbyterian bapusm. LOYG ISLAND SUNDAY SCHOOLS, The Queens County Sunday Schoot Trustees’ As- sociation met in seml-annual convention at Jamaica yesterday in the new Methodist Episcopal church. There were two sessions—one ata quarter to three o'clock, the other at hal{-past seven P.M.— and a collation at the Town Hall from five to six provided by the ladies of the village for their visit- The convention was largely attended and the proceedings were of much interest. The Rev. Willam T, Hill, of tne Jamaica Methodiat church, delivered the address of welcome; the Rey. Oliver & Cobo, of Flushing, discussed te subject, “What is the Mission of the Sanday School as Related to the Growing Infidelity of the Time? An address was delivered the Rev. J. M. Freeman, of New York, upon “The Principles of Teaching; the question, “What will } because their duties occupy their whole time t! Best Promote the Interest of the Sunday School?” was debated by the Rev. B. M. Ada stead, and others, and the Rev. W. Huntington, gave a series of blackboard iliustra- tions, ‘The railroads ran special trains ior the oc- casion. The second convocation of the Sunday schools, of the Hpiscopa! diocese of Long {sland this year Will be heid im Grace Vhurch, Jamaica, at haif-past seven o’cioek on Monday evening next, The Right Rev, bishop Littlejohn will preside, and & Special train for the occasion will be run betweem Brooklyn and Jamaica on tne southern Raiiroad. The subject for discussion ts “The Best Method ot Conducting Teachers’ Meetings.” (he ladies of the Grave Courch parisn are making arrangements for the entersal:ment of visitors. THE GOVERNOR'S MILITARY STAFF. In the articie headed “The New Deal,” published in Monday’s HERALD, relating to the offices of which occupants will be appointed by the incom- ing Governor and Mayor, it was stated incorrectly that all the members of vue Governor's military staf receive annual salaries, ranging from $1,800 to $2,400. The truth is that only the Adjutant General, the Inspector General aad the Ohiel of Oratuance receive compensation, aud it is only they do so, The otuer brigadier generals of tue stat, namely—the Engineer.in-Cale), the Judge Advocate General, the Surgeon Geueral, the Quarterma: General and the Commissary Geu- to which duties are atsacied, Indeed, the gentlemen Who oc: to personas eral occupy posts but no salaries. cupy tiese pysitious are supe exvense,