The New York Herald Newspaper, October 11, 1874, Page 10

) DENMARK AND. SCHLESWIG. | a Governmental and Citizen Troubles in | the Duchy. German Oppression Producing De- cided and Dangerous Results. i MUST DENMARK SURRENDER ? The Treaty of Prague and the Treaty of Vienna Likely To Be Set at Naught. COPENHAGEN, Sept 25, 1874. Afver a long interval of silence the European press has again taken up the discussion of the Danish question, ana tue journals of almost every country are reminding Prussia of what she owes to Denmark and to justice. The Schleswig ques- tion has been likened by a German paper to the great sea serpent, which from time to time we think has finally disappeared until it once more comes to the suriace and again excites minds and tongues. But while this monster of the deep belongs only to the region of myth and fable, the Sehleswig question is, and will continue to be, a living reality, until it 1s disposed of in accordance with the principles of right and equity embodied in the treaty. THE CASE AS IT PRESENTS TO-DAY. Previons to 1864 the Schleswig-Holstein question was the terror of diplomatisis—iinguistic, political and hisvorical circumstances compined to render it intricate and perplexing. Tuis diMcuity ts, hewever, now af an end, and = the Schleswig, or rather North Sebleswig ques- tion, which is simple enough and clear enough to be understood by every oue, alone remains. A(ter sustaining for nine mouths a war waged against her by two great German Powers, and after being forced to conclude tae peace of Vienna in 1864 Venmark was compelled to relin- qaiah to her conquerors not only the German Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, but aiso that of Schleswig, more than baifof the inhabitants of the last mentioned Duchy—viz., those of the northern districts, including Flensborg, being Danish, and foreighteen months Prussia and Austria in con- juncwon beid the conquered territory, after which their joint dominion resulted in dissension and the ‘War of 1366, which was concluded by the treaty of Prague, whereby Austria resigned the conquered duchies to Prussia on the stipulation contained in the flith paragraph of that treaty, namely, that the northern districts of Schleswig saould be re- stored to Denmark if the inhabitants of those dis- tricts, by free vote, prociaimed their desire for such restoration, PRUSSIA’S POSITION. Upon the fulfilment of that stipulation de- pended Prussia’s new position among the Powers; but this slignt redress has not been made, this small sacrifice to justice in atonement of the im- mense wrong inflicted on Denmark has ‘not been offered. Although the whole of the inhabitants of North Schieswig, comprising eighty to ninety per cent of the population of the Ducby, have, by the election of their representatives to tne German Diet, signified in the most unequivocal manner thelr earnest desire to be reuntted with their mother country, yet the Prussian government has done Dothing toward redeeming its pledge, but domin- ates over Scnieswig as though that Duchy be- longed to it by the same right as any other of its provinces which are held free trom stipulation of HERALD, SUNDAY, OCTOBER U1, 1874.—QUINT NEW YORK piace In Schleswig, Danish subjects are danisned vecuuse they are Danian subjec's and do not con- ceal that they are, without it being pretended that they have in any way infringed the laws and institutions of the land. Against this tne Danish government must ©: course protest. It would protect its own sub- Jects aud endeavor to assert their rights; and the Danish government ia at this hour doing its utmost in Berlin. There can be no such diplomatic strife between Denmark and Germany as cau bring about serious intricacies, The Danish government is at present striving to obtain in Ber fin only a repeal of the unwarrantablo and unlawful expulsion of ita own subjects from Schleswig. Whether it will succeed ts doubtful, and tf 1tdo not “Lite Denmark” must of course put up with it; butin the latier event the whole world should be given to understand how Ger many, so proud of her superior civilization, rules a conquered country, THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNT. in @ subsequent letter I may, perhaps, make known some instances of the persecution car- ried on against Danish subjects in Schleswig, which instances will tend to make 1t clear to the | qwortd that an unbalanced account exists between Denmark and Prossia, GERMAN RULE IN SCHLESWIG. —— Prussian Persecution of Private Citi- zens and the Press—The Case of Might Against Right—The German Flag Must Be Honored, Duty and Conacienceo Ignored—Danish Remonstrance to the Court at Berlin. COPENHAGEN, Sept. 27, 1874. Re‘erring to the treatment to which Danish sudjects have been exposed by the Prussians, the government at Copenhagen has considered it an imperative duty to protest at Berlin; stil such protestations have thus far been of a mild and conciliatory character, It has been al- leged, through the medium of the German press that the proceedings taken by the German authorities is only a repetitien of the usage for. meriy experiencey by Germans under Danish rule. This allegation is entirely failacious, When tho first compiaints were heard of unscrupulous per- secution instituted against Danish subjects cer- tain German journals endeavored to pailiate the offence by proclaiming that the Danish gov- ernment had refused Mr. Bremer, late Mayor of Flenspurg, permrssion to take up his resi- dence in Jutland, where his daughter was then living. The assertion was utterly void of truth. The facts are these:—Mr. Bremer had played a conspicuous role during the rebeilion of 1848-50, having been a member of the provistonal govern- ment of Schleswig-Holstein, He was excluded irom the amnesty, Mr. Bremer being considered to be one of the most compromised insurgents, and thus he was compelled to reside in Germany until 1864, After the occupation by the Prus- sians of the Danish duchies Mr. Bremer returned to Schleswig, and was appointed to the Mayoraity of Fiensborg. He held the post only a short time and then petitioned vhe Danish goverument to grant permission to reside in Jut- land, Not only was the request granted, but the government notified him that he was at perfect liberty to reside in any part of Denmark, Mr. Bremer has been unable tu avail himseit of this permission for the reason that he had not obtained leave from the German governmeut to enjoy his pension in a foreign country. Mr, Bremer has characterized the accusation against the Danish government @s a calumny, and de- clared, moreover, that whenever he had occaston to address that government on private business he had been treated with great forbearance and even cordiality. This is the only case which can be cited, and it seems pttiable in the extreme to bring it forward, when we witness tne datly pro- ceedings of the German authorities in North Schieswig. This is especially so when it soy kind. It ts not, however, denied that the fifth para- Graph of THE TREATY OF PRAGUE is binding and obligatory. Prince Bismarck, speak- ing tm the Pruscsian viet on the 20th December, 1866, Upon the subject o1 the incorporation of Hol- stein and Schieswig, said:—“I consider it incum- bent on me to remark that it is impossible for. ps, by a decision of the Diet, to emancipate ourselves from incurred obilgations. Om the contrary, they must be fulfilled; but we will fulfil them in such @ manner that no doubt will remain regarding that voting which ts the basis of our proceeding, neither with respect to its freedom, its independence, nor the will of which it is the maniiestion. Ihave ever been of the opinion that that people who with unequivo- cal and persevering public declarations have testi- fied that they wil belong exclusively to another neighboring State, cannot tend to strengthen the Power trom which it strives to be divided.”? A MINISTERIAL ECHO, BUT NOTHING MORE. Just and wise as are these words they have not yet been acted upon. When, indeed, the Luxem- burg question threatened to involve Prassia in serious embarrassments confidential negotiations with Denmark were commenced respecting the (uifilment of the filth paragraph of the Treaty of Prague. But the conditions proposed by Prussia were of such a nature that it was Impossiple for Denmark to accede to them without rendering berseif liable to constant interference in her home policy, and the question has not since been ad- justea, RELIGION AND EDUCATION. The Danish clergy have been driven from their livings, to make room for Ge:man priests, The only result is that the parishioners will not attend church. The schools are “Germanized,” bat pa- Tents teach tneir children in Danish at home. Danish agricultural societies nave been forbidden to hold lotteries for the allotment of prize ani- mals at their cattle shows, the idea being to abolish such associations. The allotment of prize animais is discontinued, but the cattle shows flourish as healthily as before. Ciubs nave been dispersed for no other reason than that the members were Danish and tuat at their soclal gatherings pure patriotic feeling bas been dis- played; but although tne clubs are ecatterea the bearts of the members are unchanged. Thus also, though at the command ofthe Prussian author- Hes, TH GERMAN FLAG ts reluctantly displayed at public meetings, the in- habitants being forbidden to exhibit me Danish national colors; yet the embiem of foreign domi- | nation js detested as much as though hatred could be vented in trampling it under foot. To these measures the Danish govern- Ment has been unadie to offer opposition, as, by the | treaty of peace of Vienna, Denmark has ceded Sonleswig and its Danish subjects to the con- queror, and for the time being those inhabitants are the lawiul subjects of the German Emperor. Bat of late the German authorities have more | especially directed their persecution agaiast the | Schleswig subjects of the Danish King. By the | nineteenth article of THR TREATY OF VIENNA, in 1864, “all Schieawigers who desire to retein their allegiance to Denmark bave a right to do so," and it is farther stipulated that “no person Or property is to be molested,” Of this stipulated right many thonsands of the inhabitants of North | Schleswig have avaiied themselves, of whom soma have emigrated to Denmark, but the greater num. | | gree against Prussian press laws. is considered that those proceedings are not levied against seriously compromised rebels, but against peace!ul, harmless citizens. The National Zeitung unbiushingly published the false assertion that only Danisn agitators haa been expelled by the Germans. But not one of the individuals can be styled an agitator. PUNISHED BY THH PRUSSIANS FOR FREE BXPRES- SION OF OPINION, Toward the end of last year a statue, erected in honor of the late ruler, King Frederick VIL, was unveiled at Copenha- gen. A deputation from Schleswig atiended the ceremoay, and the members of that deputation were presented to His Majesty Chris- tian IX. Althouga nothing occurred on tnat oc- casion to off:nd or reflect on Germany, neverthe- Jess, on February 18 last, one of the members of the Schleswig deputation, a landed pruprietor at Alsen, was expelied the country, simply for the reason of having been favored with an audience by the Danish King. Another expulsion was effected June 14. Anewspaper with Danish proclivities was pub- lished regularly at Aabenraa, under the title of Freia. It waa conducted witn such care and cir- cumspection that the paper had never come into conflict with the Prussian Press law. Yet its sub- editor, Lieutenant Sérensen, had been a supernu- merary oMcer in the Darish Army, and be was Made the scapegoat on whom the sins of the journal could be visited, Sérensen was expelled without any further pretext whatsoever. Having fost its working editor, the Freia was compelled to discontinue its publication, The proprietors joined, however, , another publication, called the Dannevirk, at Hadersiev, and the Prussian jury found vent there. The chief editor was a Prussian subject, and therefore out ol reach, but the sub-editor, a young man named Barnetzen, was sipgied ous tor exile. The editorial labors of that gentleman nad been strictly confined to foreign intelligence; he had never attempted to challenge any of the Powers, nor offended in the slightest de- Moreover, he had the assurance of the chief local officials that he need be under no apprehension, and op the | Strength of that assurance the young man married only a few days prior to his expulsion. Another Danish journal, the Dybbolpost. pub- lished at Sonderborg, was the object of Prussian spite, bat as both editors were Prussian subjects they could not be exiled, and thereupon the wrath fell on printers, compositors and pressmen. A wholesale expulsion was effected of quiet, in- offensive artisans guilty of no other offence than working for their daily bread in @ Danish printing omice. A PUZZLING CASE—HUNTING UP A DANE, In Flensborg a Danish newspaper was published, but the editor and the entire staf were Prussian subjects, Here the authorities were nonplussed, until they discovered one Dane in the printing office. He was forthwith banished. MUST BE HAD AT THE POLLS. On August 20 a young farmer, Hans Jepson, the son ofa (reeholder, was exiled on account of hav- ing been about while the elections for the German Diet were going on. He entered the place where the voulng was going on as @ looker-on, never dreaming thereby to have given offence; nor did the police or the Election Committee interfere with him at the time. Nevertheless, eight months later, wiiile unsuspectingly standing on the threshhold of his father’s residence, he was arrested and there and then transported by gendarmes across the frontier. He was ber remain living in Schleswig, )eing fully entitled todo so by the treaty, Butagainst these the Ger- | man authorities have regularly declared war, and | without cause or reason,one after the other of these loyal Danes are banished the country. WHAT WILL DENMARK pO? | ‘The Danish government, thongn powerless to interfere with measures directed against the na- tional feelings of the entire population of North Schleswig, ts differently situat#i when prompted to resist @ persecution instituted against iis own | subjects, It will not acknowledge the theory of national law which the Prussians wouid estav- lish—viz., that every State is entitie? to expel | (rom ft territories subjects of another State, with ‘| or without cause or reason assigned, because that | State does not choose to harbor them. What would Americans say if the German government suddenly thought well to expel all Americans resi- | dent in Germany simply becaase they were Ameri. | cana? Tuis closely resembies what is now taking | marched of ® distance of sixteen miles without beimg permitted to take leave from his relatives or to inform them of bis arrest. PRIVATE GRIEFS AVENGED. On Angust 26, Mr, Thomsen, a farmer, was ex- pelled on the plea of his having received on com- mission @ smali suin of money subscribed by Mr. Kriger's constituents to help im deiraying the expenses of his restdence in Berlin, MUST NOT MOLRST THR FLAG, Finally, on the 17th September, a journeyman furtier was banished, the accusation against hum being that he bad taken @ Prussian flag from a boy in the street, A RRIGN OF TRRROR, It will readily ve seen from the foregoing that Chose individuals against whom ruthless and arbi« trary measures have been taken are not persons dangerous to social order nor agitators, but quiet and peaceiul citizens, who appear to bave been taxen of haveraA from anone | | | | | clothes aud @ large pamsn sudjects for the Bake of exercising @ pressure on the rest, The Danish government cannot calmly look upon this setting at naught of the liverty and wellare of ita subjecta by the oMciais of a foreign Power whom it may please to digport themselves by playing the part of petty tyrants, DANISH REMONSTRANCE. The Danish ambassador, Mr. Quaade, has lately returned to Berlin with instracttons to lay before the imperial court & remonstrance against this un- scrupulous abuse Of power. Prince Bismarck has not unfrequently permitted the organs of the press at his disposal to prociaim that cordial relations existed between Germany and Denmark, The Danish nation entertains on the whole an earnest desire for lasting reconcilia- tion with Germany, but tt can oniy be did on the basis of an honest, complete and unreserved fulfiiment of the Treaty of Prague, The measures adopted by the German government towards Danish subjects in North Schleswig, are clearly not calculated to establish such @ reconciliation, but on the contrary, cannot fall to arouse” in Denmark alt the old bitterness of feeling, with the remembrance of the immeasurable wrong which gave those feelings birth, The present ne- gotjation does not directly reiate to the Treaty of Prague. Austrtan journals display a freak of political {magination when they state that Prussia has lately made proposals to Denmark regarding {ts incorporation into the German Empire. It 1s not the first time that Bismarck has been charged wiih entertaining similar ideas, and i8 bighly probable tnat he does cherish such a specniation, but there can- not be the shadow of @ doubt that tho scheme could never by any possibility find favor or sup- port in Denmark. Both government and peopic would reject it with equal firmness, By the Treaty ot Prague North Schleswig belongs by right to Den- mark, and to that right witl Denmark cling, but she will not purchase its fulfliment by the sacrifice Of her independence. WILL GERMANY BR JUST? Tt is to be desired, tor the sake of Germany even, that that Power should take steps to redeem her unreservedly plighted word, as only by s0 doing can she gain the friendship of the entire Scandi- navian North, and the day may come when it will not be indifferent to Germany whether on her northern trontier she will have friends or foes, ‘The position of Denmark, in the event of a Buropean war, cannot be indifferent to Prince Bismarck and his geueral stam, A SAWDUSI GAME. Sa How a Toledo Bookseller is Tempted to Make Money fast and Easy. About tw» weeks ago Mr. Cameron, a dealer in books at Toledo, Onio, received @ circular through the mail, informing him, under many charges of caution, that Davis & Rowland, of New York, had been iniormed he was ‘a safe man,’ and that they had the monopoly of an article ot “queer” or imitation currency, which only the Dest jadges would think of questioning, whicn they were prepared to sell at an astonishingly jow figure ‘‘to the right sort of men.”” A schedule of the prices was enclosed, with wonderful dis- counts for large sums, from which it appeared that the amount of cash which would go but a little way in replenishing his shelves with books and fine stationery would give him a plethoric pocketbook 1f invested in Davis & Rowland’s new issues of “queer.” But in sptte of the assumption of the enterprising New York firm, tneir Toledo correspondent was not in such haste as they hoped to make money by devious ways, He en- closed the circular to a New York newspaper and asked advice. He was answered with the sugges- tion that he dould reply to Davis & Rowland, tell- ing them that he was “ag they had strangely learned, ® man who liked to make money,’’ and that ne would be coming down here soon and would take the opportunity to see them and judge for himseil as to the propriety of investing in their ‘“mitations.” Mr. Cameron adopted the hint, telling the publisher of the circular he would be in New York on the 10th ana wouid stop at the United States Hotel. A copy of this letter was sent to Sergeant Moloney, of the Secona precinct police, Who went yesterday to.tha »etel named, and, registering bimscif as eb cton, of To- ledo, was assigned to room No. 91, where be went to bed about eight o'clock in the moraing, the bell boy who showed him tbe room by accident turning tne key upon himand leaving him locked in. He was not disturbed till. about ten o'clock, when a mao knocked at the dvor, who said, in answer to the demand “Who is tuere?” “It’s me—Rowiland. You got our circular, Is it you, Cameron?” He was answered alfrmativey, and told the tired-ont ‘Loiedy Man was sick, suffering irom cram He told bis visitor, through the keyhole, that he was locked tn, but would wet the key and ve ready to see himin haltan hour, The sergeant rang the bell soon after and got the door unlocked. Not jong aiter his visitor returned, a young man of about twenty-five years apparently, weil dreased, and a fluent, persuasive talker, He assed the countryman i he Was prepared to buy a quantity of th sturl."” Molonéy, or Cameron, rather held off, telling him that he had been taken sick on the Way, and did not Kuow but tt wouid be saier not to gu into any questionable business, Rowland urged him to dressand go with him to “see the vid man,”’ woo could show him some “that the best judges would take rigut along.” He tapped toe timtd couutrymun on the shoulaer and said, “don’s you know you might make your- self sick Worrying avout tne matter.’ Cameron was evidently in Loe huinor for making a Lttie pile ou tne sly, aud asked Kowland, a8 ne was not weil, to bring it to him there, so that he could see t ana judge abvut buying @ lot, “We never uo business excep at tue main office, and you nad better dress aud go up tuere,” gaid the persistent Rowiand,.‘and see tue old man.” At jength the pretenieu voonselier asseuted, and pLoted by young Kowland, oe descenaed into tne street. Here Rowland took tim turougu & number oi streets with Various ‘urnings to Ni » 8 Depeyster street, @ very short distauce from tue hotel, but quite a journey by tue route the dealer in fac-simile currency took the unscrupulous countryman Ln searcu of a good bargain aod easy got weaith, Arriving in the Darrow lane called Depeyster street, tiey went up one flight of stairs at No. 8 and entered an ordinary comwercia!l otice woere an old man, well Kno ¥n to tue ollicer, as ‘fom’? Davis, was busy moving about a number of boxes much like cigar boxes. He prob- aoly suspected the detective in the make- up of the Maumee merchant woom Kow- land introduced. Davis paid apparentiy smalt attention to we customer woom the partner had lured to their den, but begun giving Ruwland mi- nute instruc.ions about forwarding at once by ex- press several boxes of ‘stuf’ vo persons in various piaces throughout the country, ‘as, said he, “they were paid lor yesterday and ought to go to- any without sail, ‘nia through with, Rowland told the new cus- tomer the oid man would wait on him next, and, said he, ‘You must speak very joud to nim, Jor be 18 very hard of hearing.” The detective attempted to make the old man know his errand, but Vavis had vy this me seen through the disghise assumed oy the potice- mao. He grew terribly deal, and in response to the customer’s filugions to “queer,” screamed “Yes, I'll send you as good hard coal can be found in the market, 2,240 pounds to the ton. You need not pay a cent till it ts ui delivered in yourceilar.” Not a word would he say about bogus money or any crooked business whatever. ‘Phe officer finding his game could be curried no farther cated a brotuer officer who was in wait- ing, and tvuok the two would-be sharpers ince cas- tody and to the station house. ticre Kowlaad eke his resideuce as NO. 120 Fourth avenue and 18 Occupation, bartender. Davis reiused to say where he lived end denied ail know ieuge of ue cheating operations of Davis & lowlana or their cirenlars and fac-simile ofthe cirouiaung medium, Both mea were locked up tor furtuer examination. Mr. Cameron, of Toledo, did not part with good muvney Jor spurious. A DANGEROUS EXPLKIMENT In the steamship Queen, which leit this port yesterday afternoon, there was as one of the pas- sengers the noted Paul Boynton, poari diver, ie saver and man-fish in general, He leaves ona dangerous oxperiment, wuhicli ts none other than to make 4 sea voyage in @ life-saving suit. It is bis intention to drop overboard not less than two hundred miles irom land, either ater leaving New York or before reaching Live:pool, when he | will be ielt to the mercy of the waves unl ne | shall meet with @ passing vessel, Mr. Boynton is confident that he wili come out all Tih inthe matter aod prove the value of tue dress ‘This is @ rubber suit or armor ot ullar patiesD, contaiming compartments, which, wheupnfated, 16 18 claimed, are able to flout a man of any weight in saiety, Toe one taken by Boynton will weigh fliteen pounds, and he carries witu him, in @ rub- ber vag, two dezen sigoa! iighia, two pounds of cheese, #iX pounds o: crackers, one piece of Bologna sausage, Ove axe and ove buwie knLe for ahaiks, siinal Auge, rockets, an extra gust of doabie-bigued pacdie with whict tO propel himseil. Mr. Boynton tof fine physique, and welgoed yesterday about one wun- dared and eighty pounds, On the Jersey coast be claus to have saved soventy-one Livi THE THAMES EMBANKMENT. Cost of the Construction of the Great English Metropolitan Work. City Ornamentation and Public Convenience and Health. a Taterested Opposition of the Hackmen and Tramway Companies. Lonpvon, Sept. 28, 1874, Probably no other work has so greatly contrib- uted to advance the ornamentation and conven- feuce of the British metropolis as the creation of the Thames Embankment. No further back than the year 1867 the River Thames, with the streets bordering upon {t, was a perfect disgrace to Lon- dop. The river, receiving the sewage of the city, gave off, in bad weather, an odor s0 unpleas- ant that at one time it became a seri- ous consideration to the Imperial Parliament whether its members would not adjonrn in order to escape the danger of typhoid fever, Carica- tures and editorials indicated an awiul state of things, and illustrated the fact that the river which should have been the glory of London, was actually ite curse, At low water the long line of mud banks was peopled by large numbers of men, women and children, known in those days as “mudlarks’—-now, happily, ex- tinct—who obtained a wretched livelihood by hunting in the filth and scum of the river for.walis and strays fallen (rom the ship- ping. The miserable wretches who spent their days ina degrading occupation, at night sailied forth only when a chance of plunder or theft pre- sented itself, As for the buildings and warehouses which abutted upon the river, they were undoubt- edly among the worst features of the metropolis. Tn many instances they were mere dens of thieves, and throughout in @ tumble-down, riokety and dangerous condition. The streets or lanes—if indeed they could be called such— leading to the river were in the - dirtiest, filthiess condition, at times almost impenetraple. When cholera appeared in London tt was in this locality that it first showed itself, Looking up to the river from London Bridge at a time when the tide was out, you beheld a vista of wretched dwellinga—huge masses of mud and slime— hundreas of people—half naked, and alto- gether in the most wretched condition—of all ages and both sexes, dabbling therein. It presented generally a picture of such & mass of misery and destitution as can now scarcely be conceived. At high water, especially when spring tide came on, the river overfowed tts confines Into the streets, THE SCENE OF PBRIODICAL INUNDATIONS. Lower Thames street, Fish street Hili and other important thoroughfares were continually inun- dated. The loss ana damage to property were enor- mous; the complaints became louder and clamor- ous, and it was generally felt that some- thing must be done to remedy the evil. So far from being able to boast of the splendor of the river with tne wealth it car.ied on its bosom, and thetremendoas amount of shipping it sheltered, there is no doubt that tne Londoner was heartily ashamed to hear of the Thames. THE PEOPLE AROUSED. In the year above mentioned so offensive grew the river that a pestilence in the city was greaty feared, Public opinion at that period became too strong for the slow movements of city officials, and resolutions, setting forth that something must be done, as- sumeda tangible shape. It was urged that the main thoroughfares from St. Paut’s church to the city on the one hand and to the West End on the other side, known as Fleet street and the Strand, were contiuually chukeu with traffic so as to render rapid transit impraciicable and almost impossible, and seriously to interfere with drivers and pedestrians. Moreover, the tostering genius of the French Emperor had then amply illustrated the feasibility of improvements and the compara- tive ease with which the creation of boulevards had been accomplished fin the gteat city of Paris, The combined circum- stances brought a heavy pressure on those in antnority and tended to show that it was high time that London should not remain behind the French metropolis and other continental cities, It was evident that London should be better pro- vided with roads for the rapidly increasing wants. Just about that period an act of Parliament created what is now known as THE METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS. A commission, whose members will, in the end, be found to have been the greatest biessing to London. Parliament showed what it couid do to help the people. Forthwith the Holbora Viaduct Was begun, and steps were taken to provide Lon- don with grand thoroughfares along the river. Above all, however, the great question then agitated was the provisions of a system of proper sewerage lor the metropolis. The question which Was one of vital importance, had previously under- gone a careful study. The necessity was apparent to carry the sewage to adistant point down the river, and Barking was finaily fixed upon. In car- Tying out this plan means were provided so that it should cease to pollute the stream, and (nat the offensive smell of it should, at all events, be some- what abated. It was not, of course, without an immense amount of opposition that the plan was decided upon of running the sewerage works parallel to the river and tuese be hemmed in vy @ greatembankment, Works of such importance were not likely to be brought to life without many objections, and thus a section of the author- ities set at once to oppose the scheme with might and main. It was all, however, to no pur- pose; eventually the work was begun and has since been Mnished, to the intense satisfaction of everybody. In order, however, to understand the great importance and the purposes of the work, it is necessary to enter into a somewhat detailed account of the undertaking, HISTORY OF THE WORK OF THE EMBANKMENT. So long ago as 1840 plans were submitted jor 1m- proving and embanking the Tham Promineut among the projects were those of Sir Frederick French and the late Mr, Martin, the celebrated painter. But finally the plans prepared by a Mr. Walker were accepted and eventually carried out, Ia 1862 an act of Parliament was passed which handed over the river side to the Metropolitan soard of Works. By February, 1864, the contracts were out, and the works began for the north side embankment from Blackfriars to the Westminster Bridge, while by September, 1865, the plans on the were also commenced, THE COST OF THE WORKS. The aggregate length of the northern embank- ment is 6,640 sect, and the total cost of construc. tion amounts to $4,375,000 (£875,000); the width being io places 150 feet. For the southern section #0 much money was not needed, Its length ts 6,000 feet, with a width of 60 fect, the total cost being $1,545,000 (£309,000), About thirty- seven acres of land were actually reclaimed trom the river, and, a8 @ matter of course, the river was considerably deepened, The works were finally completed and handed over to public use on July 30, 1868, Abbey Bewage Mills were opeued, ‘hey are inti | mately connected with the embankment works, and used for pumping away the sewage which | Tuns under the embankment, ‘the power of these mills may be stated a8 iollowa:—They are cum. | posed of four pumping atations, one at Depitora Creek, with engines of @ nominal force of 500 horse power; @ station on Urossman's outfall, an- other situated neat Bow, of 1,140 horse power, and the fourth at Pimiico, of about 1,000 horse power, Of these stations the une near Bow aione lifts 15,000 cubic feet of sewage per minuce | and takes away all the reiuse and waste water irom An area of 925 aquare miles, Tne other stations do | @m Gaua proportion of work, and tm fhiw manner south side from Westminster Bridge to Vauxhall | At the same time the ; UPLE SHEET. a ea tne sewage of London is conveyed with the greatest ease, But the CROWNING WORK of the Thames Embankment was not added fill the section of the Chelsea embankment was opened on May 9 This magnificent structure ranks un- doubtedly as the more handsome of the three, it is three-quarters of a mile in length, with & roadway seventy feet wide taroughout, The line has been so laid as to reduce the width of the river all along its extent to 700 feet, whereas, befcre the construc- tion it was in some places 850 feet wide. The roaa extends from Vauxhall to Chelsea. well planted with treea, Its front is of granite, hammer dressed, and the parapet fs boider in contoar than those of the other embankments, The works reclaimed nine and & ball acres from the river, and to make it mud banks four feet deep were re- moved. Had it not neen thar’ >»d route could be found for the new bout to be constructed, the pro ver would have been made, Whe action was first proposed it met wit -e@mount of opposition. It was hold tection against the inroad of thi tel- ent, The works, desig ngette, were actually begun in A rhe total bankment to- But this sum in the purchase incurred in com- cost of the low level sewer gether was only $670,000 (£13: is exclusive of the money laid of property and the expenditn pensations. THR IMPORTANCE OF THE WORK will be fully understood by the Henavp reader when the relations are considered which tho em- bankment holds to the rest of London. In the me- tropolis two districts stand out from among tne rest as occupying unqualified pre-eminence— namely, the city and the West End. In the former all the business 18 Carried on; in the latter all the fashion is located, As @natural consequence the main thoroughfare from one to the other 1s of vital importance. Although the city proper extends to the shaky old structure known as Temple Bar, it practically ends at St, Panis churchyard; Fleet street and the Strand, which run thence to the West End, are the resort of newspaper men, The offices ofall London journals are here located, but mer- chants’ oMces and banks, with few exceptions, are situated east of Cheapside. Through lieet street and the Strand, which form one continued thoroughfare, tramMe 1s continuous day and night. Vehicies of ail kinds, shapes and sizes slowly drag in the procession, moving o'ten at little better than @ snall’s pace, and each driver atd- ing to increase the general blockade, For a long time the question was agitated of diverting the trafic along the route and it was finally thought that if what was then called Holborn Hill could be levelled and a thor- oughfare alike wide and straight made paraiel to Fleet street and the Strand, the desired object could be attained. Accord.ngly it was re- solved, at the cost of some millions of pounds sterling, to construct the Holvorn Viaduct. The work was begun and completed nearly five years ago. But meanwhile the traMc had increased, and when the viaduct was opened tt was tound to relieve the Strand but very shghtly. Thousands ot vehicles pass over the new route, but it proved too much out of the straight line to the west. Hackmen charged higher for driving you to the West End aiong Holborn, and even stage drivers exacted extra fares. The old question of using the river came to the front aguin, the sew- age question absorbed public attention, anda both tended to establish @ straight road to the West End from the city. The history of the work has been summarily referred to, the costof the em- bankment has been given above and it remains now to pomt ont the other advantages, AB 4 boulevard, pure and simple, the embankment is probably one of the finest in the world, Nearly one hundred feet wide throughout, and much wider than that in parts, 1t has admir- able sidewalks and a macadamized road of the finest quality. ORNAMENTATION AND CONVENIENCE, All along the entire length trees: have been planted on both sides—iime trees, which in course Ol time will yield dejghtiul shelter,to pedestrians, and which areegen Sow well covered with foliage. At regular intervals seats have been pro- vided by the private munificence of Mr. Wiliam H, Smith, the well known news- paper contractor and publisher and member of Parliament tor Westminster. On one side runs the Thames, cleansed irom all impurities—a noble river, abounding in traMc. The sight of this is pecuilarly reireshing to those who are prevented from going to the seaside. On the spare land which has been acquired on the other side of the carriage road the Commissioners have laid out gardens in excellent taste, which are thrown open to the general public. The vista presented at every given point on the embankment is superior to that furnishea on any road in or near the metropolis. The magnificent bridges which span the Thames, the nouses ol Parliament with their architecture, the grand old Cathedral of St. Paul, the ancient Tower of London, and at the other end that apien- did range of buildinzs which compose St. Thomas’ Hospital—all these are to be seen from the Thames Embankment, The movement of steamers and innumerable skiffs plying unceasingly hither and thither, bringing thousands of passengers and carrying commercial wealth up and down the Tiver, Combines to add to the splendor of a view which can scarcely be equalled anywhere, and yet with all this there are certain DRAWBACKS, The hackmen refuse to ply along the road, stage drivers eschew it, whi'e pedestrians do not over- crowd the sidewalks, The reasons for these draw- backs are easily explained, First and foremost there is no good road leading directly on to the embankment. It can speedily be reached by turn- Ing down one or two streets at either end, but there is no broad roadway which leads directly on to the Thames. This fault has been clearly length decided upon remedying the evil. ‘vhe Metropolitan Board of Works nave, for tne SUM Of $2,500,000 (£500,000), acquired the old reai- dence of the Duke of Northumberland at the end | of the Strana, facing Trafalgar square. This pala- Ual butlding ts now being pulied down and on its site it 18 proposed torun a broad roadway from Trafalgar square straight down to the embank- ment. It is Jurther proposed to continue that road straight up to Oxtord sireet, #0 as to meet all the Motborn Viaduct traffic and to enable that also to reach the embankment easily. Furthermore, at the other end of the route at Ludgate Hill improvements are contemplated on an extensive scale. Old houses have been pulled down at a great outlay, the road has been widened and new, handsome structures erected. From that point anew road will be constructed, and in addition to this a new | Street has lately been opened straight from the Mansion House, which will become an im- | portant feeder to the embankment. The real | difficulty, however, which presents itself is “THE TRAMWAY QUESTION,” That {s really at the bottom of ali the trouble. Some years ago it was proposed to lay down rails | for horse cars at various points of London, To | Americans tt may appear strange that this project met with the most strenuous opposition. The re- tallers and storekcepers are of opinion that if the exit from the city is made easy and the’means of rapid transit increased, trade would be drawn away {rom the city and transferred to the suburbs, The old-established traders would thereby run the risk of being impoverished, and conse- quently they bave petitioned to Parliament and brought every interest to bear on their grievance, with the view to prevent the people from laying down rails tor the use of horse cars. Temporarily the petitioners succeeded, their counsels have prevaved, ana tramways are thus far to be toler- ated in the suburbs only. No rails were to be laid down within the precincts of the city proper, and in no ease to cross the bridges, obiained than the horse cars ran to the foot of the bridges on the other side of the Thames, and in o Snort space of time they did an immense business, ‘These cars rolied on, and it was soon Jound that they did immense benefit to trade rather than prove a nuisance, as had been predicted. Bot the City Fatuers, a8 the old tossils are called who rule | the cli, are atannh conservatives, and poalsvely demonstrated, and the Commissioners have at | No sooner was permission | refuse to let the horse cars enter the city. The alleged reason for the refusal is (hat the streets are too narrow and overcrowded to excess al- ready. The companies have tried in vain to ob- tain permission to run cars along the embank- ment; they have been refused point blank. It wae their intention to cross the bridges, run along the embankment and down Victoria street, the new wide thoroughiare leading direct to the heart of the city. ‘This plan carried out it would establish com- Petition between hack drivers and stage drivers. Cabs and omntbuses would run along the embank~ ment, and thus relieve the traMc in Fleet street | ud the Strand. STORES AND CAFES. But tt will be necessary for the Metropolitan Board of Works to encourage the erection of stores and cafés along the embankment if it is to be a success, and here again they are likely to meet with considerable opposition. True, already one magnificent hotel has been erected at the Ludgate Hil! end and several stores havo been built, but at present the Board of Works appears to be adverse to open ® business thoroughfare which shalt rival the Strand. Experienced men wit however, readily see that even the boulevards of Paris would be unattractive were it not for the stores and cafés with which they abound, Now, the Board will gradualiy come to see that if the embankments to divert the traMc it must attract pedestrians by the splendor of ite buildings and the variety of the goods to be obtained there. Pretty @ardens and seats are all very well in thoir way, out in the winter people care little tor strolling among snow covered partecros or aitting still to be half frozen. Stores, well lighted and well filled, will attract when nothing else will, and houses of reireshment are & sino quae non if the traMc is large. Very naturally the tradesmen of the Strand object to seeing their customers take another line of route, and as they pay heavy rents and taxes their objections will bo powerful for some time to come, But even in conservative England progrosa eventually comes, and in time we shall, doubtiess, see the embankment become a great business thoroughfare. Already the land in {ts vicinity has risen greatly in valne, and clubs of great im- portance are preparing 0 move thither. St. Stephen’s Club abuts upon it, ana the New Lib- eral Cinb is negotiating for land at the point where the new road through Northumberland House will join the embankment, With the ad-« veut of clubs will come stores; with stores vebicu- lar traffic. The tramways will speedily follow and the embankment will be a success. Of the GOOD RESULTS which have already accrued, something more ought to be said, Granted that the narrowing of the river bas increased the danger of our being overfowed by spring tides, it has also ocertainiy added to the ease with which the stream is nave gated. Seen from one of the numerous steam boats which continually ply between London Bridge and Chelsea, the handsome stone wall and the long lines of lime trees present an appear- ance of the most pleasing character. The hordes of wretched men, women and poys who used to gain a miserable livelihood by raking in the mud are gone, for the very suffictent reason that.there ig now no mud torake in, No crowds of thieves and disreputable persons crowd under the bridges by night, The handsome embank- ment is patrolled by police, whose mot d’ordre of “Move on{’? must be unhesitatingly obeyed. The wretched tenements which extended to the water's edge have all been removed, and ‘in their places are gardens or plots of land on which eventually splendid buildings will rise. 1 would be dificult to estimate all the good which has already been accomplished, and when the altera~ tions I have sketched out have been com- pleted the benefits will be still greater. One thing more is needed, and to this Londoners look anxiously forward, Only a few years ago nearly every bridge possessed its tollgate, at which overy passenger had to pay his quota. Now only three are thas taxed—Waterloo, Lambeth and Chelsea. To free these bridges forever a sum of £1,500,000 1s required; but this is not thought too much for the boon which freedom of traffic would confer upon the metropolis, and al- ready the Metropolitan Board of Works ts prepar~ ing a bill to be brought belore Parliament in the course of next session to enable !t to raise a loam and buy the bridges. When this is completed a great step will have been taken in the direction of Progress and another incentive given to the more general use of the Thames Embankment. COUNTERFEITERS CAUGHT. A Story of the Arrest of a Whole sale Dealer in Spurious Currency— $10,000 Worth Scized—Headquartera for New York, Brooklyn and Phil-< adelphia. Within the past two months the officers of the Secret Service Detective Force have peen busily engaged trying to ferret out a band of counter- feiters who were flooding the city with spurious bills of every denomination, A gaug of aix- teen captured in Cincinnatt gave the first clue to the existence of an ex- tensive gang, doing work conjomtiy tm Brooklyn, New York and Philadelphia. One of the emMcers came to this city and visited every thieves’ haunt, and he states that ne finally ascertained that James Dunson, the proprietor of a liquor store at the corner of Bleecker and Wooster streets, and Joe Quinn, a notorious thief and coun- terfeiter, were passing a considerable number of counterfett bills, Two of the officers were detailed to keep close watch upon Danson’s piace. For the past three weeks the officers dally and nightly called at Dunson’s, making themseives free with ail who visited the place, and by the frequency of their treats winning Dunson’s entire confidence. On Tucsday last Dunson showed one of the officers a “fash note” ayd asked him what he tnought of tt, The officer pronounced it a very good sample and offered to buy it. Dunson wanted two dollars and tifty cents for a five dollar pill, bat was willing to sell cheaper if it was bought in large quantities. Dunson boasted that he had “plenty” and could get any quantity irom the same source, and laugh- ingly said they must be goud, as he had been passing them for the past three months; had made five thousand dollars already, and had not yet been detected. The oMicer then asked Dua- son 1f he had any fifty cent notes, as he wanted to | buy some. Duason replied that he ad made | arrangements witha ey out “West’ to suppiy | him with $5,000 worth. While these two onicera were gaining Dunson’s confidence another oficer, representing himseif as a counterieiter, called om Dunson and oifered to sell him some bills. Dun- son laughingly told him he could supply the whole trade, ana offered to assist the stranger In passing the money. Dunson then introduced the stranger to Jue quian, who prouuced $500 worth of bills of every denomination. Quinn, who ts known to tne police as @ thiei, attracted by the large diamond on the stranger's shirt bosom, gold watch and chain and valuable rings, proposed to Dunson that they should entice him into a aden of iniamy, toca knock fim down and rob him. ‘fo this Danson, the oficer says, agreed, and confided the plan to one of the Officers, wno consented to be one of |the party. ‘Then it was agreed — that { Quinn” should meet the omeer on Friday night, at the corner of Bleecker street and Crosoy. At that hour the other officers were im waiting, and on a given signal pintoned Quinn aud ran him into the Central Police Office, in the meantime Dunson, alarmed at the absence of his trivnds, and believing that Quinn had played him faise, went to his house at No, 80 South Fiith avenue, tn- tending to track the party. There, at vwwo o'clock yesteruay morning, the detectives arrested him, On being taken to the Secret Service Vilice he reiused to allow himsel! to be searched, and fought with such desperation that it required six men to suodae him, ‘The officers then made a descent on his premises and seized three carpet bays, con- taining, i¢ 18 sata, abont $10,000 worth of counter~ felt paper. Lt was iortunate that tne oMicers ar- rested ‘him at the time, as it has since beem that he was to huve sailed tor Hurope om inesaay. The detectives to-day go to Philadel phia to arrest @ nan who they say is manuiactur- ing the counterieit paper. FREEMASONRY IN ENGLAND. (from the Liverpool Post, Sept. 29%) The Karl of Shrewsbury presided yesteraay at the Provincial Grand Lodge of Freemasons of Staffordshire, held at Aiton Towers, Mr. Staveley Hill, M. P., being among those present at the | banquet. Lord Shrewsbury proposed tho health of the Prince of Wales, and d eply regretted | the retirement of the Marquis of Ripoo, and | believed that, bad he more closeiy studied tne | teachings of the Kugish Charen and the cratt, he | Would sui) have been a Protestant aud & Free- mason. Nevertheless, it was great consolation ta know that ta place woud be vecnpied by the Prince of Wailea, Whose healtn was druuk entho- slastically, |S ay 20 ae a Sn a eS EN See me TIENEN ATM Tf!