The New York Herald Newspaper, October 9, 1874, Page 4

cinet, and spppriss, tne night of the 14th inst. a band of armed waites, num- State of the Public Mind After the) ter from threatened violence in the woods, The reasya “ \ Ut CAROLINA, | aoe men rode up to the house of G. B. Booker, and to A AIMS NN uy . bering some forty or fity men in each case, rode through the Carmel Hill prectnet, about eight miles north | given for ht movement of armed men, to the Late Excitement. papa mdi the houses of other colored persons in the MoAlitey pre- them to fiv for their lives. That on | of the first named point, and compelled numerous colored citizens to abandon their homes and seck shel the wood. the weete: that section have en- ch whites" This most malignant and unwerranted charge had its origin in t Groughtue adjacese couney ot wafrheld’ that r . a colored ation of the ““Bttee settlement’ in. th NO MORE TROOPS NEEDED. oe Significant Charge of a County Judge to a Grand Jury. county had organized for the purpose of slaying the yee ia evict ity, that ‘they had qed upon Saturday nig! the Lith inst. to exe the dioody plan. rumor rap with electric velocity through this county, receiving, however, bat litte credence from the reflect a of the com. perly. til the Hon. A. 8 Wallace arrived in Chester and sta to numerous respectable citizens here. that he nad ascertained ay an unquestion- able fact that the negroes of the named had actually formed a sonmpsrsar, to slaughter the whites aad that he was then escorting his daughter, who liv: in that portion of Fairfield, to of satety. This declaration. coming trom one who had long been recog- ized by the colored clitzens of this section as their de- voted political leacer and the unswerving friend and ghamplon of their civie rights, gave to the wild rumor & “contirmauon strong as prools of Holy Writ," and the | colored people, who preponderate largely in the central | THE FRUITS OF INVESTIGATION, | COLUMBIA, 5. ©., np 2, = | and western portions of this county, at once became | “Peace reigns in Warsaw,” and no dead men to opjects of suspicion. B. G. Booker wasat once acc . mark the event nor @ay additional supply of | gnats fongue.of/ Marin Crowby ray given ty wis 4 | United States troops im response to the piteous | Cusers as the colored man, who ivalged the plot arged Booker with being a party to it appeals of Honest John Patterson, “U.S.S." and | Gria: Justice Cortes, of Fairgets, guicely: kasi led ae | | warrant to arrest Booker in Chester county, ne | nis protégé, the Governor. Latest accounts verify | Tried party referred to, numbering, it ts alleged, sot the report that those dreadful (?) Georgians have | Sate wy proceeded to ozneute ee mdr made’ against Green allgone irom Bagefield over to their own side of | fiji, and thes have been pursned in like manner. They the river, and that source of all the turmoil since | al) protest their innocence, and have fled to this Court | : for protection. They shall have the protection that they 1868—“the meelish”—inaugurated by the Scott ad- | claim. Here. the: shall And ry sancknary cy pind | 4 and Strong hand of violence. They will be deemed innocen miniatrasion continned and increased by | Tro} renounced guilty after a fair trial, pursuant to the r are resting on their lanrels; inavead of ar | forms ol lM. su5 9 tne country todeclare, under the tieavaun, since the narein company trnes | eehini nese as whet nn eta ed ing cotton. Since the Bdgefleld company turn | conspiring to maurde! | ered po tion ot Fairtie! over their arms to the authorities no complains | dovotd,orany foundation in f ay epee sy sa * Worthy of mention has been received irom that... wi make a rigid inquisition Into this whole mat. locality, and, as a further consequence, the ne- | ter, yentiemen of Grand Jury; and to that end yo ceasity of expensive telegrams between ‘ttm Ex- | vill summon, Yetere you not oaly the, colored oltizens | cellency’”’ the Governor and “His Excellency” tbe | terror, but also the white citizens who went out armed ainst them. Ido not propose that there sl President 18 obviated, and vanished with it 1 | DfCcution in this instance. for no actual violence was may be surmised, are many political expectations, | done, and the white c: hs were excusable tor believ- | ing the charge tl t bore the sanction of such his: | thority as tl fro ym the Fourth Congres- Your correspondent had an interview last even- nh au. ing with a prominent colored mai the General Assembly, who has been an actor~ | Cheste: Your correapomnent is in duty bound to state in ratber as @ go-between than otherwise—in the & spirit of fairness ae drama of sporadic outbreaks in the county re- iv ‘sbal Wallace (a son oft 5 ferred to, He isthe colonelof the regiment, a pxaruiany tune ovenine te declared, thats emart, bright looking mulatto, and takes now no | father met his daughter on the train by accident, | PRESENTMENT OF THB GRAND JURY. pars in the disturbing elements. That the pubtic | ‘Yesterdays the iat inst, the Grand Jury wane may fot ‘erm a wrong impression of what it isto | their presentment as follows. (Copy irom the be @ “colonel” down here—and there are lots of | original manuscript) :— them—it must be remembered that the ten com- In tHe Sxssions, Sxpramsxn Team, i874, panies forming the command of this one are ais- | 79,ihe fon. Ff, dtacerr ood e Ot tke aR ene cate tributed over the entice county. Im short, the vid aforesaid :— ioe “wing” may no know what the right “wing” | ;,aecrsmi Jury to whom wes referred specially, the matter of the recently revot outrages in the vicinity doeth. This ts the status of the “field officer” re- | of the McAltley mulls and Carmel Will, in the county ot ferred to. Like many of his predecessors in the | summoned and Chester, would respectially report that they have had have sworn ani examined a large num- . . | ber late War he has conducted himself in such a man: the Grand Jury have made a thorough Investigation nerasto meritabrevet forkeeping away from of witnesses in each of these cases. of the charges brought against Kerry Booker of an inten- the battie; but, unllke them, be 18 to be com- | ({THOD.OF An atten te ett co bush thot peoperty. mended for his )udgment and good sense in so do- | aes eee ee ha ing, and lending his influence for the preservation | OT be ee of peace and good order. His accounts of the | folng,te have e batile on the nizht of the 12th of Septem. , 1874. Numerous witnesses been examined several émeuies that have so recently disgraced | upon this charge, all of whom have answered beiore the =. Edgefield county do not differ materially trom | Crend curs wee they Enow vol the alleged, iucead i those already published inthe HERALD, and it w | language except the one abo’ ated. We find that the je people, acting upon these alleged ru it an needless to repeat them here. ES the part oP ie eaiored people, met ts chee WHERE THE RESPONSIBILITY BELONGS, on Baturday, HES Or. ‘at ten o’cloc! ya erganized, ey themselves confess, for self-protec- Itis a diMcult task with the very ample facill- | fon Captain 11 jomas Carivle staies before the urand BY Jury that he, with many of the uelghbors around him, tea afforded to lay the responsibility where it | Jury that he with many of the neighbors Fomors valle properly belongs in these matters. Your corre- | able and well-founded; that he met together with his spondent has, from the Ku Klux troubles down to | tee on alone. thd not ior the purpose of olaung eye the present moment, paid every attention to thia | law of the tai er or national. that after they had organized and elected or appointed officers th subject that his abilit? could command, ana is company waa carefally distributed ‘hoa Rout tat ve | em . | cinity, picke' e Toads, but not disturbing or visit- bound to say—First, that to the arming of the ne- | fit. fiouse otany one. “Findtng ell quiet, sod no ap. groes in this State is due the greater part of the parent disposition on the part of any one to do violence evils that have followed. But they were not at | 1 the community, the company was at once disbanded first to be blamed for them. It is doubtiul if there itn peproene 2 Gee e a ee fn she viet: + rmel Hi had been any kuklux, if this had not been done. nee Amanda Wire eho tates shat she ta pout, ten white men in arms on the Lt lay ot september, Iris true, on the other band, that the democrata TIM tities named by this witness were -suinmoued be- claimed as an excuse for the deeds of violence, the = fore the me sary and Fagnes aa Any a denied | “scott? 1" | that they had ever been in arms, elther for the purpose existence of “Scott’s militia,” as they were then | Tr Ging violence of otherwise. Several otfer witnesses, | called. The trials and imprisonment of many of were examined — eieme w Ld en wes allot | the participators in the horrid crimes Bs 1870-71 | Tin whatever the neighborhood shoarpel iil ae | caused a lullin the course pursued, and from that _ In the case ¢ Hon. ace we have the tes- \ ct f'Mr. C. 8, Brice that Mr. Waliace told tum that | date the militia took new courage in perfecting | he Wallace) believed that the rumors of an outbreak on their organizations, aud were assisted in every | the partot the colored people were true and related to Fairgeld county. Wa then have the testimony of Jono possibie manner by the heads of State depart- | b. bs ail = ‘was in oe onan eee 1 e effect U r. iace ha ments and Wberal appropriations of money | {5 conversation on this suurect with ally ‘oue on the that the State could ill afferd § to | tramexcept with Mr. Calvin Brice, Mr. Wallace said to r, Brice to “by all means prevent any disturbance if expend for such @ purpose. High taxes | posibie.” Mr. Wallace was in Chester ‘on Wednesday, caused Tax Unions to pe formed, in | te 2éd of September. und was notified to sppear before the Grand 1m, Monday, 28th inst, buttor some cause other did not appear. | oe Grand Jury concludes, trom all the testimony betore them relating to these matters—and they have examined a large number of witnesses, many ot whom seemed to know nothing about the matier under con | sideration (we have, however, committed w writing dificult, tuen, to imagine, considering the politi- the testimony of ber of witnesses, both white cal_excltement consequent upon the pending | Sim tsivedy and afer the ostoarchul, investigadon to campaign, how easily quarrels, turmoils and con- | get at the Teal tacts Jn the case, the Grand gary is ot the | opinion that the whole thing has come from rumor, flcts may be brought about. The neglect of crops | Which 'is really unfounded. and without, cause. by hired laborers, or a difference as to the divis- | has been no vioience fee alee epee any one, fon of tuem on the one ies or = cee would | Werhave examined and cowtallved ios i whe at fi of their o) mony of cwenty-five witnesses in all, 1 Eee Tet Re PDoBLe | Was necessary to take io writing the testumony of wit. political beliefs. nesses who scemed to be utterly ignorant of the matter Edgefield county is not alone suffering from the results of threatened violeuce and wicked romors, Within a month there bave been other disturb. which are numbered the older men, and, as an indirect offspring, we have sabre clubs and rifle compasics tormed by the younger men. Itis not | under investigation. uubmit the written testimony of twenty-five witnesse: id make this s part of our report. | *We'tind no unlawful organizations of any kind wh ever existing 1n the county at this time, and have good ances which set the public pulse beating rapidly, son to believe that perfect be ee @nd security pre- some of wuich, stripped of their possibilities, are | Val! Waroughout the entire coufty; 52 an laughable in their details, and io auy other State The foregoing is given in full to show whata save, perhaps, Louisiana, would iurnish the mate | feeling of insecurity really [4 and also, it may rial (or @ lively sensation. The fact is, however, | Pe ee eect acted wera organiza- tne people bere seem to be getting used to these ANOTHER ALLEGED BLOODY PLOT, events. Right upon the heels of these troubles and A RIVAL CASUS BELLL rumors of troubles | a report comes * from ‘ 1 Beaufort county—a coast county—that great See Dinstesson, Twa — that @ week @g0 | excitement prevails there on account of the writer visited Abbeville, 126 miles nortawest | the negroes openly threatening the whites, of Columbia, where at the time a Congressional | and that besides the programme to mar- der infants and children numbers of the most prominen: white citizens are marked for special vengeance. The report states that tm several towns there are companies attired In “red jackets | and white pants,” who parade at nigbt, much to Convention was in sesston. During the evening | the nolse made by several speakers in the Court House square was not sufficient to attract a squad of a hundred or more men a short distance away on the outskirts of the crowd, some of whom had | had more than their usual allowance of corn | Dear Mathew’s Blut, crept to Abin of conceal. whiskey—and these mountain boys do not take it | Dolschion of negroes were. Su ewan startied 10 in homeopathic drams—listening to the harangue | hear the names of her neighbors and friends called of a white man. ‘The first words that struck our | out to be of the frst to fall beneath the murd:rers? ears were:—“I'l be GQ—d d—d if ill have my men | seerand ‘“fnives were to serve when there were run over by any d—d Georgians.” Of course this | mo guns. The lands and honses were to fall to was promptly responded to by the patriotic | the wives of the negroes. ‘‘Inere are buta few “meelish” who were listening to bim. The white | man was a cojonel, further states that on the 23thult. a widow lady, whites, and we will soon wipe them out,” was the satisfactory conclusion. Beauiort is a very large biacks, It is more than probable were a Grand something larger than @ mouse; but, instead of | Jury to investigate this chee if would be found growing, it withered, ahd probably saved another | to end He a eeaueeroie of some ner- Edgefield afair. The following are the facts:— Vous old lady. The details Bordeaux Post Office is a peseinet cr abbertle sbow how widespread is the “idea’’ of difcuity ia vounty, twenty mules from the Court Hoase and | the future, as they all occur in different sections adjoining Kdgefield county, ana, like the last | Of the State. named, separated from Georgia by the Savannan | NO MORE TROOPS. T have it from an undonbted authority that the River. Joe Scort, colored, robbed a store in Eiber- ton, and’ fed to that asylum for Attorney General will ask for no more troops to thieves, South Carolina, About @ dozen men | be sent here upon the request of Governor Moses. from over the mver chased him, and The United States Marshal said to-day that ‘ir Captured him on the South Carolina side. "A com- | the Georglans would stay at home he could tal Dany o! this dougnty coionei’s regiment was in | Care of the State.” This seems to be the great existence about Bordeaux, and under Captain | diMoulty—viz., to keep them there. State Sena- tor Oaio, of Edgefield county (which has Jormerly Belcher, ° colored, surrounded in the night the | given @ large republican majority), sass the col squad of Georgians and took them, and the thief | Crea people have done all they can to maintain weil, prisoners. The next morning this cap- | ee eee trang toe ae als cap; | their Fights, and If they are not provected betier justice, who, alter admonishing them never again than they have been they will stay at home “on to take # prisoner on “this side the river” witn- | Voting day. Rida out @ Fequisition from the Governor, discharged | ine! ba ah all hands, The self-constituted posse from kiber- bas commenced, the nominees tor all the execu- ton returned, and the thief secured his liberty. | tive omces and @ large corpe of speakers being Then came sears that the Georgians would come | BOW engaged in “stumping” the State. The tel back again, Ammunition was sent down to Bor. | Was taken earlier than had been contempiated be- deaux, ‘The Tax Union there began to think mat- | Cause Of the efforts of the bolting element, now ters Were getting rough and made their caicu- | XROwn as “independent republicans. lations accordingly. ‘This excitement was high | Political body holds its convention to-day in jor three days, but hag nearly died out now; yet | Ubarieston, and bids fair to worry the supporters there was just a8 much ground for @ “splurge of the regular ticket severely, there is in many of the “blood-and-thunder’? | Ver, in its own ranks, the brains of the bolting scrapes as told by some Of the irightemed partici pants in them, A JCDG®!S PARTISANSHIP, Yet another case, whieh may prove more serious In = end, as the courts —— Lennon pA th aay | under consideration. J ALD in 187 Will Cones wet esereount vontuiaer | 80ived before that day stall come. Jn the move- therein of the “pattie of Carmel Bill,” in ster | Ment headed by Judge ( enter (a republican) county, the county seat of which Js sixty-eight | !or Governor and General M. 0. Butler (a demo. miles from ths city, on the line of the Charlotte | cTat) for Lieutenant Governor in 1870, the demo- (N.C,), Columbia and Angusta Railroad, Carmel | Cfats failed, as they did in 1872, to come to time Hii ites far in the intertor. At the Ka Kiax fight | When the poils were opencd. But matters have referred to severai persons were killed or injured, | Chadged considerably, and now the masses of the AS stated earlier in this letter, im order that a | Gemocratic party better and more generally un- correct idea may be formed of the compouent | ¢rstand the situation and the needs of the State. parte making up these rows and rumors, particu. ars are given in full, and it will be seen that | | District Attorney Corbin, Tomlinson and ovhers, but they depend on the ‘full acquiescence of the democrats, and in the event of a homination they Will bravely abide by their support at the polis. How this will tarn out is a question dificult to be DESTITUTION IN NEWARK. pours i inimonities 9 ae personal enmity | of parties, not at first directly involved, | A shocking case of neglect and destitution has have eventually somethin; c | matter. Here, in this last ‘scare? wa gag | jast beem bronght to light in Newark. Some time A. 3. Wallace, the preseut member of Congress from that district, ond Thomas 4. Mackey, | p * the Circuit Judge, at loggerheads. 1 append ¢ fs Poor had their attention called to the case of Mrs. tacts from the Judge’s charge to this Grana Jury, Catharine Bessie, Who was lying helplessly ili and ee cmuintee tasoar wee tee upon a alleged | destitute im a miserable hovel underground ina col ni jot. The conclusions ' be rived at by the jury, ‘composed of eight white a at | River street rookery, The cage was pitchea from ocrats and eight colored republicans, are conajd. | 0D¢ authority to anocher, until at last a policeman ered reliable, while that portion of the Judge's interested himself in 1%, and had the woman re- charge to them shows, to say the least, a siy torust at the Congressman. In his charge, not yet a week old, Judge Mackey pays, alter enjoining upon the jury the necessity of mania shorougn Investigation of the reported piot to kil and burn Many colored citizens now in this coffft ryom have complained to ie that on we 12th iust. band ar acmed | | lay emitted a stench like a charne: house and was overran with rats, which, but for @ faithiul cat, Would have eaten the woman alive, She is nothing but “& rackle of bones’? pela together by skin. An investigation of the case is demanded, that the blame of negiect may be viaced where it belongs. y citizens | | be any | \ ber of | sional oy doubtiews, most sincerely veleved 16 on whos doubtle rely vehieved 1 ee | tumselt; and ‘rit wore true of Pairfleld, why pot true of | ir in an interview with | ty. | the terror oi the women and children. The report | We followed this whole mat- | county, and the white population is buta little | ter Gp and sifted it to the pottom, and did find | Over One-elghth in numbers compared with the | if the above troubies | This new | it has not, how- | | movement of 1872, led oy such men as Orr, Sawyer, | ago the Board of Health and the Overseers of the | moved to the Almshouse, The place where sue | EPISCOPAL GENERAL CONVENTION. Second Day’s Proceedings—Appointment of Standing Committees—Adoption of Rales of Order. The devotional exercises occupied three-quarters of an hour ana were conducted by Bishop Lee, of Delaware, and Bishop Neely, of Maine, at twenty minutes past eleven o’clock A. M. the Vonvention was called to order and the roll of absentees on the frst day was called. The New York delegation made 4 brief explanation of their inability to im- prove the acoustic properties of the house, put promised to do so this mornin; The Chair announced the standing committees as follows:—On the State of the Church, consisting of one velegate from each diocese; on the General ‘Theological Seminary; on Domestic ana Foreign Missions; on the Admizsion of New Dtoceses; on the Consecration of Bishops; on Canons; on Ex- penses; on Unfinished Business; on Elections; on the Prayer Book. One or two other committees remain to be Aled, The following are tue com- ‘The Revs Witham Cooper D. Dd. LL. D.. Comnectious; Bet . fe aaa tigen ete Be Yominct Jone nae Catia, Hadmiton Fahy LL.D. Now Yorks Lucius. Be John W. Andrews, Ohio; Hill Benjamin, Pittsburg, an D., North Carolina. Committee on Sook—The Reva K, Edwards Beards- ley, Connecticut: William Adams, D. D., Wisconsin; Horace strongteliow, v. D., Alabama; Isaac J. Hubbard, D. D., New Hampshire; Géorge H. Norton, D. D.. Vt D., Wisconatn; William Ru: Mossra Orlando M jackson, Muine Seymour, Connecticut; fatbaniel H. Massic, mes Ve Dd ih tbe er Wet f Valentine 'B. Horton, Olio, and Virginia. nities on State of the Church—The Rey. Messrs. Edwin | Van’ Dusen, Central Now York, mishasd ti. Coble Alabama; Jonn J. tucker, B.D. ‘Albany; Kobert W. ‘Trimbié, Arkan: Charles Birdsall, California; A: Augustus Maple, Central Pennsylvania; Edwin 2. Jonn- son, Connecticut; Charles 3, Spencer, Delaware; Joun ie, D. D., Baston; J. Jackson Seott, LL. da: Witham H. Clarke, ia; Samuel Wuinols, John B, Wakefield” D. wv. . D,, Massachusetts; George D. Gi David’ 8. Knickerbocker, D. D., Minneso Je; D., Missouri; Alexander QO. Nebr: ard, D, Teac G. Hubb Richard M. Abercrombie, D. jersey; Allred Beach, D. D., New York; us Burr, D. D., Ohi John Bolton. Pennsy\vanias Joba Scarborough, 'D. | Pittsburg; storrs U. Seymour, Khode Islana; Peter J. Shand, 0.'D., south Carolina; John A, Harrison. D. D.. Hoge ; Mateo! | Tennessee j, Benjamin Douglass, b, D., Vermont; Charles le. ny Virginia’ Israel Foote, D. D.. Western New York. and William P. Ten Brock, Missouri. The Secretary was ordered to print 500 copies of the list of members, with the committees, for the use of the house. Papers relating to the election of Dr. Seymour a8 Bishop of Illinois, and of Dr. Welles as Bishop of Wisconsin were referred to the Committee on, the Consecration of Bishops. Memorials from California asking for the erec- tion of two missionary dioceses in that State, ana from ‘fexas for @ division of its territory, were re- ferrec vo the Committee on Canons. Wisconsin asked {or a free translation of the Nicene Creed jor the use of the Church, Referred to the Committee on Prayer Book. An invitation was extended to the visiting bish- ops and clergy from England and Canada to sit with tbe House, A similar invitation, offered by Dr, Fulton, to the REE or other ciergy of the Holy Orthodox Kastern Church, was opposed by Dr, Perkins, of Louisville, Ky., unless the priests of the Roman Catholic Church were also inciuded. The origmal, however, was adopted. Resolutio compumentary to the Bishop of Lichfleld, En; land, and asking for @ copy of his sermon for pul lication, were passed, The order of the Gay—namely, the adoption of THE RULES OF ORDER proposed by the tast Convention was then taken up, and these rules, with some slight modifica- tions, were adopted as far as the sixteenth. The seventeenth was under discussion at the hour of adjournment. ne hours of meeting were fixed from ten A. M. to four P. M., with @ naif hour’s recess at half-past one P, M. 10r lunch, which is provided Io the school room adjoining for delegates to the Con- vention. New Jersey asked for a division of its diocese. Referred to the Committee on New Dioceses. The Secretary and the Treasurer of the Conven- tion were authorized by resolution (referred to the Committee on Canons), when not sent as dep-" uties, to have the right to speak on all matters connected with their respective duties, but not to vote. The House of Bishops sent a message to the Con- | vention announcing their committee and the text | of their reply to the English Church Congress, | which simpiy reciprocated the greetings of that | body. Certain announcements were made, after | which the Convention adjourned untu ten o'clock this morning. THE CLERICAL WAR. An Episcopal Parson Reviewsthe Work of the “Church Congress.” To ras EDITOR OF THE RERALD:— “Smithereens.” If anybody knows the meaning of this word he is @ smart man, There is some- thing in the etymological meaning of a word, and there is something 1m its special adaptation. Con- cerning the etymological meaning of this word | we know nothing. If any man knows let him now speak or hereaiter ever bold his peace. But, con- cerning tts special adaptation»we have gomething to,say. Tnat something concerns the so-called “Church Congress.” Enough bas been said in the daily papers about it that no man may be left im ignorance. Well, the “Church Congress” met. It cussed and it discussed, (principally ‘‘cussed’”’) in Association Hail. Pa- pers were read and speeches made, essayists and speakers were eloquent as to the shortcomings | and imperfections of Holy Mother Churcn; the | sins of heresy and schism were condoned. and the lair fame and the good name or Holy Mother Chureh were freely bandied and loosely depated on, The Rey. &. C. Porter, of Wisconsin, and the Rev. 0. G, Currie, of Pennsylvania, were not back ward in exposing the weak points in their holy and venerable mother. They took her hardly to task (according to their ideas) ; they beld her up to shame. They were restrained by no teclings of | delicacy; no, not they. They had such a supreme regard for truth that they did not hesitate to ex- press to @ gainsaying and naughty world all her weaknesses, They held her up to ridicule, and in the perfection of Pecksnifflan oratory they uncov- ered her nakedness and invited the ‘profane and the unbelieving to unite with them in denuncia- t of the motuer that bore them. There the usual clapping and applauding that siwaye attends any iancied expos! of assumed | bat ill-worn badge of virtue; private opinion was | magnified, the testimony of the Charch throughout all ages was undervalued, and amid the clapping of hands and the hugzas attendant upon ail popa- | lar assemblages the test:mony of eighteen tundred years went jor nothing, and the private opinion of | Mein Herr “Index” aud the vox et praterea nihit of “go? somebody, carried the day, ‘he testi- mony of eighteen hundred years was lost to view while the private opinion of “Ego Magnus’! ob- tained willing auditors, But, seriously, ‘for ways that are dark and tricks that are vain,” what can equal the self- constituted “American Congress’ Are we not freemen? Have we not righis * Who shall inter- jere with our liberty of speech? If we are not Ireemen, then what are we! This 1s a great and giorieus Republic. ‘Tne American eagle screams louder than any other bird that can be produced. It Mr. Barnum has a bird that can scream londer than the American eagie Jet him produce the bird. | The Charch of Our Lord has been in the worid for eighteen hundred years past; but what is ail tais to the spirit of American liberty? The vondage of tyrants 13 to be broken. The apostolic succession ig to be annulled. The American ‘‘Uhurch Cone | cuss” shall annitiilate the last vestige ot the Gespotism of ‘bishops, The time has come | ‘to break with the bishops.” ‘True Catnolica can no longer endure this bondage. Low | churchmen and broad churehmen, have united. ‘Therefore the great party of progress sweops the | fleld. “Stand Irom under, thou insignificant Gem- eral Convention.’ Get out of the way, you insige nificant bishops. Modérn progress asd “at olicity” are about to carry the day. And so it comes about that the “old Oharch’’ is avout to surrender and “modern progress” is apout to conquer. Clear the track, you old: fangied bishops, and make way lor “Young America,” the “swe stakes” of the nineteenth century, AUDIENT. | PROTESTANT METHODIST CONFERENOB, At the annnal New York Conference of the | Protestant Methodist Churen, now in session st } Tarrytown, Westchester county, littie transpired yesterday beyond the general routine work which forms @ conspicuous feature of those ministertal Gatherings. Rev. J. J. Smith, D. D., of Canarsie, was unanimously re-elected to the presidency of the Conference for tne ensuing year. Au election | for clerical representatives to the General Conler- | ence, which is to be held at Princeton, Li., in M ext, resulted in the choice of Rev. Mesars, Fa 4 Smith, of Canarsie, N. Y.; 8, Homan, of Pennsyl- | Vania, and J. H. Robinson, of Paterson, N. J. The | lay representatives elected to the same body | are Messrs. Calvin Tompkins, James Savage and A. Hi. Holgate. It is rumored that Key, Tunis | Titus Kendrick, of Brooklyn, intends to ppear in propria personne before \he Conference, in *he | hope of having a decision of the Church, recently rendered against him, reversed. The Conference Which will remain in ‘session until next Monday, | embraces southeastern New York, including Long | Island ; southeastern Pennsylvania, wivh portions | of Connecticut aud New Jersey. Messrs. Alexander | Clark, of Pittsburg, Pa., and N. R. Swit, of Adrian College, Mich., general agents of the Cnarch, Were among those preseat who took voart in the proceedings. FRANCE. MacMahon Turns Republican— The “Sextennate.” THE LAST WORDS OF GUIZOT. A Trait of the French Character. Effect of an Anti-Bonapartist Pamphlet. Paris, Sept. 23, 1874. The election in the Department of Maine et Loire is not yet decided, none of the candidates having obtained an absolute majority of all the votes polled. Forty-five thousand were recorded for M. Maillé, republican; 26,000 for M. Bruas, pure septennalist, and 25,000 for M, Berger, Bonapart- ist. The ballotage, or final election, takes place on Sunday, between MM. Maiué and Bruas, M. Berger having withdrawn, in consequence, as he alleges, of the unfair way in which the Minister of the In- terior has opposed his candidature, This, as 1 shall prove to you, is A SIGNIFICANT FACT, as showing @ determination on the part of the Cabinet to break fipally with the imperialists. Meanwhile, whatever may be the result of the contest, the republicans have unquestionably cause for self-congratulation. In the election for the same department in 1871 the whole of the royalist ticket was returned, the late M, Beulé being at the head of the poll with 102,000 votes, while none of the republican candidates secured more than 20,000, Now not a royalist ventures to come forward, and the struggle may almost be said to lie between two sections of the republican party. Even a duller man than MARSHAL MACMAHON could not fail to perceive suck unmistakable signs ofthe times, It is even whispered that the Presl- dent ta beginning to lean toward the Leit Centre. In other words, he is turning republican, for the very same reason which brought about M. Thiers’ renunciation of Orleanism—namely, a con- viction that the Republic is the only form of government that promises to be durable. in France. This change of opinion 18 said to be due to MacMahon’s tour in Brittany. In that Catholic and almost feudal province be was everywhere received with shouts of “Vive la République!’ which drowned even the cries of “Vive MacMahon /” The clergy, indeed, welcomed him in far different language, which must have made the President feel that THB SUPPORT OF THE CHURCH could only be purchased at the price of a war with Italy. One Bishop after another bade the victor of Magenta remember the wrongs of the Holy Father. There is no satisiying she clericala with half meas- ures, and thongh Marshal MacMahon might be willing to adopt their platform, be knows that even {f be could dragoon France into obedience there would be the combined forces of the Emperor Wilham and Victor Emmanuel to reckon with. Reit of the alliance of the Extreme Right, the Marshal feels that tue Moderate Right and the Right Centre are not strong enough to uphoid his government. He has nochoice, He dislikes the republicans, but they heartily acknowledge his utile, and will defend him loyally against all con- spirators of regal or imperial tactions. They would even be willing to conier on him greater powers if he would, in his turn, irankly accep: the Republic. MacMahon is not a pigot. He has served under Charles X., Louis Philppe, President Bonaparte, the Emperor Napoleon and M. Thiers, For the sake of France and @ quiet enjoyment of his enor- eR" mous allowances he will doubtless consent to shake bands with Dufaure and Grévy, whose liber. alism would certainly not frighten us in America. In the same Cabinet with Dufaure sat Jules Simon, aman of the Fourth of September. The distance between MACMAHON AND GAMBETTA is lessening, and the Marshal is fast finding out that the republicanism of the middle classes ana 01 the better sort of artisans in France is really very moderate and has nothing in common with socia:- ism orinternationaiism. It means simpiy a dislike of overgrown civil lists—Louis Napoleon spent over $10,000,000 on his court—a contempt for the ex- ternals of majesty, a jealousy of that privileged class which is the inseparable adjunct of modern Toyalty. If Henry V. came back it would be a very fine thing for the Duke de Broglie and M. de Bel- castel. Hungry Gascon ccunts, with nothing to recommend them but names endtng in ac, would also enjoy the change, They would get all the best appointments in the army, pavy and Civil service, while veterans of the Crimean or Italian cam- paigns, who happened to be the sons of merchants and lawyers, Would be doomed to linger hopelessiy in subordinate positions, It Napoieon IV. were on the throne, the Duke de Mouchy, the Duke de Padoue and the Prince ae Wagram, with atew others of their set, would profit by the re-establish- Ment ol tne Empire, but the people at large would be no betler governed and would certainly find the Bew monarchy, whether Bourbon or Bonupartist, meant an additional tax. A yer deal used to be said formerly about the wholesome effect of the pomp and state of royalt; on the people, and onthe bdeneilt to trade whici ita expenses entailed. 11 would be rash to assert that even educated men are unmoved by the di- vinity which fh es @ person never appearing in public but amidst @ blaze of splendid uniforms, and whose arrival is aunouaced by a salvo of artillery, But in france the Chief of the State is accorded ali possible honors, Whatever may be his designation. Even M. Thiers received with exactly the same cere- monies as Napoleon Lil; indeed the little man would only step forward to address those who had come to pay them respects to him efter the usher of the palace wnispered in his ear that the Em- peror nad been wont todoso. A king, therefore, unleas he could devise A NEW METHOD OF IMPRESSING THE PEOPLE, would realiy have 00 advantage in this respect over the first magistrate of a republic, besides which the Frencu are the most sceptical nation under the sun, and though they love splendor they are quick at discovering the difference be- tween a gilt surface and solid gold. Could’ Louis X1V..come again among them they wouid, in esti- mating his true beigat, be careful to discount his poring Wig and tis hign-heeied shoes. {ne ident is making another progress in the north and is toleravly wedl received, though AN UNLUCKY MAYOR at Arras has managed, in making a respectful al- luston to his visit to that town, to launch a for- midable epigram at the provisional constitution under which Marshal MacMahon holds his powers, He declared himselt @ convertto the ‘“Sexten- nate,” and, on being reproved by the Prefect, ad- d to his neologism, remarking that in another the President’s term of office would be a quinquennate, and soon. The Mayor has unwit- tingly said the best thing that has yet been uttered on the temporary dictature, showing that {tt must every day afford less. security toorder and com- merce by the inherent defect of its nature. The beptennate is A FORTRESS OF SNOW, which, however strongly bufit, will gradually melt under the raya of the sup. Ministers, however, are firmly determined that no oné shall talk about thesun, and eyen the dec- oroua Journal des Débats has received an oficial warning for one of its dull articles on the situation. Arras seems to be a dangerous place for ambitious or unpopular men, tor Louis Napoleoty when Presi- dent and on the eve of becoming Et perfor, was the Victim Of@ practical joke which tt was quite im- possible to resent, while on a visit to the chief town of the Pas de Calais. it had been arranged that on his paxsing under @ certain triumphal arch # crown of laurel should descend on nis ad, while the inscription “He has deserved 11” should suddeniy be unveiled. At the oritical moment nothing but a rope dropped into the President's carriage, while the sentence “He has deserved it” stared him fall in the face. It was asserted by the Bonapartists that a heavy rainfall on the previous night had been the cause ol the mishap, but the republicans could not but belleve that some good citizen was tue author of the pieasantry. M. GUIZOT'S FUNERAL ‘waa attended by @ vast concourse of the greatest names in France, thougb, according to the ex ressed wish of the deceased statesman, no ora- ions were delivered over his grave. His last words are repor to have been, ‘How many are killed in these great wars!” Those around him thought his ming wandering to the wars of the seventeenth century, the history of which he had but a few weeks beiore; to the glorioas days when Alsace and Lorraine were won, rather than to the sad times which saw them lost. Hig faculties were unimpaired to the last, but he would say, after each long sleep which feil upon him, that he felt as if the earth receded jrom him; “just as though,’ he added, “I were in a balloon, rising trom the plain below.’’ The character of the illastrioas departed js freely discussed in tue public journals, while the sod 18 Atul iresh over grave. There anyneara 9 be NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1874.—TRIPLE SHEET. | none of that reverence in the presence of the dead which is observed in America or England. We say treely enough what we think of a man who is gone, but ‘we should wait a little deiore printing un- ‘asant things about him. Yet an eminent ce and what 1s worse, @ former rival of Gui- not thin! uizot real i) as Mts he respected nobody but he as a tem- poral ince, ‘Ropes an the Pope one alty in a ittadecuan ts Oa ate Sour by Wet hs man, &c. Sach course and. brutal attacks i their own conde: and do not give one k ony piesaars impression of the nation which tol- el them. Perliaps Frenchmen {eel like Juvenal and, a8 et aes attack the living, indemnify themselves by assaults on the dead. Poor GEORGE [11. OF ENGLAND Induiged the inarmity of nature in this way. When the death of Lo! n was announced to His Majesty he asked his informant, “Are you quite sure Lord Rosslyn is dead?’ and, on being Satisfied of the fact, looked round to see no one was by, after which, heaving a sigh of reitel, “then,” said the King, “he has not lef a bigger knave in my domtnions.” A pamphlet by M. Francisque Sarcey, on the coup d'état, has recently been circulated amon: the a ag ec a view to damage the imperialis' Cause, ana is sald to have contributed not a little to the deleat of M. Berger, It brings out some facts terribly damaging to the reputation of Napoleon IIL, though possibly his associates were more to blame than he. The Mixed Commissions as the arbitrary Courts were called, which in every town r the disturbances of December, 1851, pronounced their sentences simply at ran- dom. A sober and respectable tailor named Brich was condemned to transportation for life to Cay- enne as “a drunken vagabond.’’ When the mis- take was discovered he was not pardoned, but merely transferred to Algeria. Crimes of this na- ture are not gery forgotten. About forma of government men will always differ, but the body Of & nation revolts against eco of any kind, The English never cared very much for the Protestant lon till en Mary had burned 200 or 300 persons for conforming to it From those fires dates the national natred of ‘‘Popery.” From the massacres which inaagurated the Second Empire and irom the banishment of 26,000 French- men to penal colonies and @ pestilential cumate solely for Penney opinions is derived ail the fa- natical hatred whicn republicans in this country feel for the Empire. TYNDALLISM. A Jewish Opinion—Interview with Mr. M. Ellinger. Below will ve found an interesting interview held recently with Mr. M. Ellinger, editor and proprievor of the Jewish Times, The conver- sation given In the sequel will be found all the more interesting{rom the fact that Mr. Ellinger bas examined the theories lately advanced by the great British professor to the most minute de- tail, and bas now in preparation a lecture in answer to Darwin and Tyndall, which he proposes to deliver tn the Jewish Temple, located on Lex- ington avenue, om the 15th of the pres- ent month. While the interview given be- low may not be regarded a3 an acca- rate analysis of Mr. Ellinger’s forthcoming address, it may, however, be considered as a fair exponent of his opinions. Upon approaching the gentleman I put to him about the same ques- tion as I first advanced in my interview with Dr. Holland, viz. :— “What do you think of Professor Tyndall's last address ?? “I think the gentleman deserves a great deal of praise for the courage he displayed in announcing his convictions a8 openly as be did,” answered Mr. Ellinger. “Do you regard Professor Tyndall, from his last address, to have entered the ranks of the so-called materialists t” “By po means,’ was the emphatio response; “mor does he ever lean coward atheism. Tyndali’s materialism, if such it can be called, is not devoid of an ideal, nor does he set up nis deductions as the sum and substance of all wisdom. The system he would advance is substantially expressed in the inittatory sentences of his address, and so care- fully worded are they that theology cannot object to them. Listen,’ continued Mr. Ellinger, turning to tne address, “and hear what the Professor eays:”— i An impulse in primeyal man turned his thonghts and questionings betimes toward the sources of nawral henomena. The same Impuise inherited and intensi- a is the apar of scientific action to-day. Determined by it, by & process of destruction from experience, we form payaical theories which lie beyond the pale of | experience, but which satisfy the desire of the miud to see every natural occurrence resting upon a cause. “You will readily understand that both philoso- phy and theology have been lavoring to that end, and science will nardly be able to vo more than establish a barrier beyond which 1t forbids human | conception and speculation to penetrate, as veing | beyond the possibility of mental exploration. A few years ago it was theology that prociaimed it- self the firat born son of all the borderiand beyond; DOW, however, it is science which says:—‘Thus far we can go and not further; all 1s idle dreamland, which haye no positive knowledge and never will have.’ A@ 1 said before, botn Darwin and Tyndall for what they have recently expressed deserve the heartiest praise. During the puat Church and State combined have silenced effectn- ally the voice of those who dared to leave worn out and well-trodden paths of the past aud cut a road of their own, measured and designed by their intellect and based upon the collected experience of mental toil I thank God that to those who | dare in this age assert their opinions the dungeon | and the stake have disappeared, As long as that God, im whom millions believe, 1s of such a crude conception 9 sel{-constituted human authorities prociaim Him, possessed of all the attributes that | flesh is heir to—anger, caprice, cruelty—it is ne- | cessary to make war upon it, and no one is more | competent to do so than Professor Tyndall aod othera of bis school.” “Do you believe the present mission of science 1s to rege. War against the conception of the Deity ?’ [next queried. “Not at all,” answered the Jewish editor, “the labors of the scientist are not against the Deity, who js the prime cause of all existence, but | Against the miserable and unsatisfactory concep- | tion of worn out theologies. Before the one true | God, the spirit inconceivable, incomprehensibie | in His attributes, the one Father of the whole uut- | verse, can be recognized and worslipped, a thou- | Sand popular idols must be overturned, and a thousand crude conceptions trampled in the dust. | Our heroes of science are doing well their work, and, therefore, I say give them the pratse due to their efforts, and let us hope that their glorious work of reconstraction be taken up by other hands © Not less able, Dot less powertal.”” “Piatnly, Mr. Ellinger,” I interrogated, “how do you regard Tyndall and Darwin?! ‘Ag admirable naturalists; 80 do I regard them; } ag men highly competent to’ expound the theories of the various things they behold around them; but beyond the knowable there is a perfect world | Which 18 a8 much the subject of investigation as | Nature herself. There is—nay, there must be—a Primitive intelligence beyond the point where in- vestigation ceases, to devise the substance where all investigation begins. This even Herbert Spen- cer admits.” “How do you regard the Bible ? | “We reform Jews, concerning the Bible, hold | that it ts only a history of man. We deny that it 18 @ history of nature. We hold that beyond na- ture there 18 @ sublime intelligence of whose attri- | bates we apne > tterly ignorant.” | “But the le,” said J, “ways that man was | made alter God’s own image,” Lal “simply 8 figurative phrase,” was the response, | “On earth the bighest form of being is man, and | from this man prociaims that he is the image of | bis God; not the image tn form, truly, but in in- | telligence, for of the form of God we know | nothing. I don’t think Mr. Tyndall, in his address, | has contributed anything very new, but {do say | that he deserves praise for the independence he | has shown in asserting his individual opinions.” The Opinions of Adolphe Wartz. It ts doubtful whether iu ali France there 1s @ greater chemist or general actentist than Adolphe Wurtz, Both aa @ sctentific investigator and ex- pounder he has attained greater eminence than @ny of the four members who compose the Tyn- aliistic school, and hence the recent address of the learned French scholar before the French Association for the Advancement of Scietice is worthy ofmote, especially since 1t bears so dffectiy | upon the question now being so generally dis- cussed. He says:— Chemistry, natural philosophy and astronomy, though diverse in methods, yet have one common object—matter—and one common goai, the knowl- edge Of its constitution, properties and distribu. | tion. Thus are ‘aught that the worlds which stud | boundless space are constituted itke our solar sys- tem and move like it. Buta novel and wonderful Seature 1s that the harmony of celestial spheres, which Pythagoras has celebrated and modern poetry has described in immortal verse, is also | found in the smallest of microcosms. Among the infinitely little all ts in co-ordinated motion, The atoms whose aggregate constitutes matter are never at rest. With regard to matter, it is | ever and everywhere the same, and the hydrogen oO! our earth’s water we trace inour sun, in Sirius nd in those nebulosities whick are still unformed worlds, Everywhere is motion, t00; and motion, which seems inseparaole irom matter, 18 the origin of ali physical and chemical force. Thua, from under the edge or the vell which wo are en- abled to lift, @ glimpse ts revealed to us of the harmonious plau of the universe. As for primary causes, they lie within another domain which man's intellect will ever strive to enter and Search. in vain does science reveal to him the physical stracture of the universe and the order Ol ail its phenomena, Hxcelsior! He will strive onwards and upwards in his innate instinctive conviction that things have not within themselves their ratson Metre, their foundation and Cig ty he is gradually led to subordinate them a primary cause, @N unigue and univers! Gods | sale LIFE IN LONDON, Condition of the Toiling Millions During the Fashionable Season. Commerce and Finance—How Capi- tal and Labor Are Distributed. THE DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT. LONDON, Sept. 18, 1874. While the fashionable world is ont of towa, the Queen and Oourt rosticating in the Highiands of Scotland, and Parliament haa closed its doors to go grouse shooting, there ig little in the way of high life gossip in London. As a consequence of this usual fall season exodus Of the wealthy classes the shop business is dull, Nevertheless, the vast surging tide of humanity in this great metropolis appears to the stranger and ordinary observer tne same, ‘The aristocracy and rich who can get away are but as a few drops in @ bucket of water compared with the stay-at-home millions. The gay equipages in Rotton row and the parks are missed, but the general movement is not perceptibly less. The business of the large merchants goes on as usual, for the commerce of the world has no seasons, except those of supply and demand, and many of the leading mer- cantile men, as well as those engaged in financial matters, avail themselves of the rafiroad facilities to live out of town while attending to business in it, ag many of our merchants do. Then, the ever wakeiul press works on the same and leaves no subject of public interest antouched, though tl Queen, Cabinet and Parliament be absent. Lon- don, in fact, is a world within itself at all times, THE AMERIOAN COLONY, There are but few Americans or other foreigners here now comparatively, for most of those who visit London love Court and aristocratic glitter, and }ike to follow fashion as well as the English. The greater part of those who are not returning home before winter sets in are on the Continent, Occasionally I see an American or a group of Americans looking at the sights or tuvestigating things. The other day I saw one in a comical po- sition. He climbed up the base of one of Land- seer’s lions in Trafalgar Square to see how the anima: was made, when a policeman rushed at him and dragged him down by tne tail of his coat, much to the amusement of the cockney gamins who watched the operation, He looked astqn- ished and thought no doubt auch interference was & gross insult to the American eagle. PUBLIO AMUSEMENTS. In the way of public amusements there ig little worthy of notice or commendation. I except, of course, the splendid museums and the Orystat Palace, which are full of objects both to amuse and instruct, and refer chiefly to the theatres and con- cert halls, There 1s no opera. That is out of season at this time ofthe year. The only musical entertainment of note ts the nightly concert at Covent Garden. Here the music ts good enough, but nothing extraordinary. Levy, who used to play with Theodore Thomas’ band, is the star. The concerts are mixed, instrumental and vocal The promenade shilling admission to the body of the theatre takes great crowds. A large portion of these, as at other cheap theatres, are of ques- tlonable character, though they are obliged to be- have with something like propriety. These con+ certs are by no means as enjoyable or respect- able, as regards the audience, as those of our Central Park Garden. There 1s scarcely anything performed here now st the different theatres but the merest trash, hardly good enough for our Bowery boys. Yet the Londoners enjoy the stuff amazingly. I have seen crowds of re- spectably dressed people, and, to all appearance, respectable tradesmen, with their families, laugn and applaua and enjoy the worst nonsense, spiced with & tinge of indelicacy, and certainly uot calca- lated to tmprove their morals. The actors, for the most part, are of the common place: provincial sort. The character of theatrical performances may be better in the season, but now it 1s gene- rally very pour. Take tne theatres generally in London and New York, and both the plays and Renariaics in the latver are far superior. In- eed, the mass of our theatre-going people would not tolerate the trash accepted and applauded here. The truth fs, the classes most cultivated here go little to the theatre, while our well-to-do and instructed middie Class goes a great deal. In both countries managers have the tact to furnish what suits the taste of their patrons. With the exception of a very limited class and some critics English taste in theatrical art at the present time 1s low. ‘This may be said also with rten to art in gen- eral I refer to the mass of the peopie and not to the exceptional few. I have inquired {frequent of respectabie looking passers-by about statu movuments and remarkable structures, and im three cases Out Of four the persons politely ad- dressed would give no {nformation. I[ asked policeman one day about the splendid buildin, ereeted on Parliament street for the Foreign an Coionial Departments, and ail he could tell me ‘Was that it was “the house in which Lord Derby lived.” The ordinary Englishman is not of an in- quiring mind or iesthetic. Stil, there ts a basis of strong native sense, and the school education and | other means of improvement now provided for the people may bring cultivation. The time may be near when Englishmen will think as much of mental culture as they do of beef and beer. THE DEMOURACY AWAKENING, There has been of late, undoubtedly, a remark. able awakening among even the most ignorant class in England. ‘The plow hboys and swine- herds—the Gurths and Wambas—who formerly stood in awe of my lord and his tenant farmer, have felt the throb of the telegraph and prinung press. These agents of modern civilization have Stirred up thelr intellect and made them feel more like men, Serfs they have been virtually, though notin name; but now they organize and demand more wages and privileges, Will not some one write another ‘Cucle Tom’s Cabin,” or, rather, Gurth’s Cabin, to help these men, who are ‘of the stock of Shakespeare, to acquire emancipa- tion? But itt may not be needed; for they begin to feel their power and to help themselves, Yes, the work is going on. Even the leading conserva- tive: press—the Thunderer itself—while mildly reproving the agricultural laborers for excesses in their organizations ‘and demonstrations, ana advising them to be submissive, teils the land- lords and tenant farmers plainly that everything must be done to ameliorate the condition of the workmen, The strikes have resuited disastrously in many cases tothe men, at least for the time being, but the moral effect in tho end will be good, ‘The ovement was an ubexpected and 8 surpris- ing one. It has stimulated thought, diffused in- teliigence, created a sense of powerand awakened aspirations which cannot be long suppressed. It wiil Le well if the iandiords and employers should ay from time to time to reasonable demands. lenceforth the prosperity of any country cannot rest on low or Starvation wages, To think it cam is to have a faise idea of political economy. The more the means and weil-being of the mass of the people are multiplied the more prosperous a na jon becomes. More wants are created; 100d and Manufactures are in greater demand, and every branch of industry ana trade Is increased. THR 00-OPERATIVE CIMZEN MOVEMENT, Another widespread and constantly augmenti movement, calculated to promote the materi welfare of the working classes and to raise them in the social scale, is that of co-operative societies: and stores, There are some oO! these combinations in London, but more in the manusacturing coun- ties, and they are confined chiefly vo artisans, me- chanics, small traders and manufacturing labor. ers, It would not be so easy for agricuitural lavorers to act together, aa they live fargber apart and have, Lot the resources and Al of the otaer classes for co-operation, il there {s no reason that the system which has been developed in the towns should not be extended to the vil- lages, The workmen saw that each family bu provisigns, clothes and household materi: stnali qfwntities at the ordinary stores or shops they wanted them, were paying dear for poor ticles, and that a host of shopkeepers lived far bet- ter taan themselves, or got rich by this business, They concluded to co-operate Upon to- gether @ certain amount oi their wages, and with that sagregaced sum buy at whol and sel to each other from th common stock at wholesale prices, with tne co: of inanagement added. They iound that they got everything much cheaper and of a better quallt; What one or two could not do many could. The aggregated smali Means of many formed a capital with which the co-operators Conld go to the firss and best market, From @smali beginning in this way larger and important estabushments have grown up, some of which bave stock and capital ta | The amount of many hundred thousands of dollar: They have the Management and characteristics ol large mercantile firms, and some of tiem sell to otpers as well a9 to co-operators, for the benefit of the association. This sort ol community of inter- ests, if it can be carried out iar or geverally, would prove an effectual cure ¢? the desuructive and impracticable communism and socialism of the French and German theorists, and it mast have @ conservative tendency, as it ts based on Roper industriously acquired and contributed. { some great leader wouid rise up to shape the coming destiny of the masses and to regulate their aspirations in harmony with order and heaitay progress, he muyzht become che Premicr of