The New York Herald Newspaper, August 5, 1874, Page 5

PROFESSOR HAYDEN'S FIELD OF NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 5, 1874.—TRIPLE SHEET. , a To be [FZ To be f Completed } 110 HAYDEN'S = cXPEDITION. eee Our Special Correspondent with the Scientists. OBJECTS OF THE SURVEY. Comprehensive View of the Territorial Gran- deur of the United States, GREATNESS OF THE WORK. 25,000 €quare Miles of Territory To Be Surveyed This Season. Personnel and Organization of the Exploration Parties. Camp HEADQUARTERS, RENDEZVOUS OF HAYDEN'S EXPEDITIO: ON CLEAR OREER, Col., July 22, 18 Atlast we are in camp, beside one of those ool Colorado streams which ebb and flood with the mountain rains. Behind us lies the Queen of the Plains, the thriving capital of Denver, with ber sixteen thousand busy, restless peuple; stretch- ing away to northward is the land of the Arapahoes and the tender, scalp-loving Sioux, and away to southward runs the famous narrow gauge eaflway, of which, said General Sheridan to me in Chicago, and as he rubbed his eyes with fatigue alter a night at ‘the Second Chicago Fire,” “you mast certainly go down that road; it 1s a charm- ing country; tt will pay.” But fascinating as may be rides across any Of these sections; as enticing a8 may ve a ramble among the Puebla Indians or digging away at the Aztec rnins; or gay, rapid ‘fe in Denver; or @ quiet residence with the savans of Greeley—the now memorial town and former special confine of the late journalist— my pathway lies westward toward the Rocky Mountains, and the braying and bucking of the flemocratic mules and our train preparing jor its march remind-me that I have not yet set down to ve you A COMPREHENSIVE [DEA of this wonderiul Hayden expedition. So, prefer- ring not to write you a Rocky Mountain rhapsody, {shall go back in the history of the Union jor a few foundation stones, When Napoleon was in the fainese of his power and Talleyrand was swinming 40 cunning and corruption, John Jay, desparched 4y Thomas Jefferson, went to France to buy what is mow the grandest and richest portion of the United States. A recent revelation has shown beyond a doubt that the French powers that were ex- hibited a strong reluctance to part with the grand domain. Documents of authentic origin prove, however, that this unwillingness arose from a del- icate desire on the part of M. ralleyrand to obtain ® generous douceur for any favorable part of the transaction which might be his owv. Our Revoiu- Atonary fathers had diferent notions of PECUNIARY MORALITY from their sapient descendants of to-day, and John Jay revwited, But his contumacy did not avail at the French Court. Finally some American oewspaper published a letter trom Paris, giving the details of thediplomatic intrigue. This jour- nal, by some fortunate circumstance, passed into the hands of Napoleon. avd M. ‘Tallevrand no 109 — 108 EXPLANATION OF RULED LINES 2nd Division Ist Division To be Complete Completed MARVINE 09 GANNETT 107 “106 ~ To be Complete Completed [°: 107 ‘105 104 OP ERATIONS. 103 16 r R | le | | | INDIAN O \ _-—-——_- —- | 103 \ i. | GB-HEADQUARTERS CAMP ONCLEAR CREEK NEAR DENVER, COLORADO machis: MN 2 ee a a ee ee 37 TERRITORY ee ee 102 __Fisk See, 25 Chambers St., N.Y. _108 Rok aa longer sighed for his dowceur, Three million dol- treasury, and the great Louisiana purchase coin. pleted the territorial grandeur of the United States. Jefferson appreciated the immensity of his acquisition, and, like @ man wio buys at auction, he immediately proceeded to find out, “What is tue damned thing worth.” The year following the purchase, Lewis and Clarke, one of whom was private secretary of Jefferson, Started out on one of the most wonderful expedi- tions known to history, \riumphs, hardships and disasters woula be to re- peat @ history known to almost every student. Yet they completely justified the purcnase, ana subsequent reconnoissances, scouts and surveys, conducted by army oficers and civilians, prepared the way lor the development of the Western Ter- ritories, ‘The names of Major Pike (1804-6-7), Ma- jor S. H. Long (1849-20), J, C. Brewn (1825-6-7), Henry R. Schoolcraft (i820 to 1831), and from these dates torward those of Bonneville, Fremont, Peck, General Emory, General Simpson, J. £. Johnston, Captain Jonn Pope, Lieutenant Jones, Captain C. W. Raymond and G, M. Wheeler are among a pundred that could be mentioned as having contrivuted val- uable work to the common stock oi our national information. And thus, by assiducus endeavor, away was prepared for that railway across the plains which mast become the grandest trunk line in the world, draining from ocean to ocean, by lateral | alluvial empires being now surveyed by the expe- | dition whica starts to-morrow under the direciion Oo! Protessor F. V. Hayden, United States Geoiogist. WHO 18 PROFESSOR HAYDEN ? Certainly no mun pretending to sctentific knowl- edge would make tis tnquiry. But ail ot us have & vague idea of ow public servants, and few men in the United States who have not been ¢indi- dates for the Presidency have endured in the pub- lie recollection long after their dece. How many of us can even tell the story of Madisou’s life, although we hear many good stories avout Mrs. Madison? What intimate knowledge have we of Monroe except lls doctrine, and so on down through the list of our navional magnates, and now that Agassiz is dead how many disputanta cowe forward to affirm or deny his most salient char- acteristics, and Upon Which men build fame and fortune? I do not intend to haye Proiessor Hayden buried eiher im an obscure or a dia- puted grave; because [| know him too well and can speak with judicious candor of his great works, I first met him in Washington at the beginning ot the last session oi Congress, at the rooms of O13 survey, The struggle for the appropriation for this expe- dition was one of the winter entertainments of the capital, finally resuiting in the triumph of Pro- Jessor Hayden, Who obtained an appropriation of $115,000 irom Cougress to continue ms survey. Instructed by the HrRaLp to accompany the expe. dition, [ made known my desire to Professor Hayden, who assured me of his cordial desire that a@ representative O/ the leading journal of the world should move with him and hits party into the wildest regions of tne Far West, offering me every courtesy and opening to me every avenue of mformation, J, accordingly, met tim by ap- pointment at Philadalphia, on the 12th of Juiy;and{ there learned of his intentions, Mr, ing young gentieman irom New Haven, ana son of Gongressman Keliotg; Mr. Barber, of Chester, Pa, and Dr. Beale, geologist, accompanied us in ver. THE RAILWAY JOURNEY from the Atiantic to the Rocky Mountaine is now @ common thing, but I donbt if a purely scientific party ever enioved simooma lars subsequently passed into a depiered French | To recapitulate their | connections, these rich valleys and vast | Richard Brodhead, son of the tate Senator Brod. | head, of Pennsyivania; Mr. Kellogg, a prepossess. | the six days’ trip trom the Qaiker City te Den. | of sand, bituminous coal dust and monn- tain howitzer snoring with the same equanimity Which distinguished our party while crossing Ohio, Indiana, Minois and lowa. We were speed- ing away (rom the water level of the Atlantic up an inclined plane to Omaha, 1,000 feet above the Sea, thence over the plains, gradaally rising with the expansion of the continent, until at Cheyenne in Wyoming Territory, we caught the breezes which alivays blow over a pratric 6,000 fect in elevation. It was during this transit of the plains that I came tohave @ very good knowledge of the Itte and character of Proiessor Hayden. He ts now forty- three years of age and represents in his own per- son twenty-one years of ¢xpioration in the North- west. In the spring of 1853 he started up the Mis- sourt River on @ steamboat of the American Fur Company, penniless, strong in nothing but youth and hope, little dreaming that years of determina- on would give him seven expeditions, which, in the aggregate, have cost the United States $360,000, He made coilections in that territory during three years, which were sent to the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia and the Smithsonian Institution. In 1856 he attached him- self to the expedition of Lieutenant War- ren as surgeon and naturalist and after- wards served four years in the army as @ volunteer surgeon. Again, In 1806, being Without occupation, he pushed into the Far West, on bis own responsibility, and published several articles on the character of the country, But ib Was not until the following year that Pro. fessor Hayden became the author of the present survey, He appeared before Congress and ob- tained the small appropriation of $5,000 for the geological survey of Nebraska, which he prose- cuted with su 3. Many adverse infuences, sustained by the envy of older scientists, now op- posed him; yet in 1868 the sum of $5.000 more was appropriated, and in 1869 the sum of $10,000 was voted for “the survey of the Territeries of tne United States.” Professor Hayden was first as- signed to Colorado and New Mexico. His work was received with astonishment and delight by Europe and America, and many thousand copies of his report were printed and eagerly demanded. His reward was another appropriation the follow- ing year of $25,000 for the survey of Wyoming, and his other appropriations have been $40,000, $75,000, and this year $115,000. During these years of Professor Hayden's activity no portion of the world has been so suddenly and so perfectly made «nowt to mankind, Many lakes, rivers and moun- tains have been discovered and fixed tn geographi- i position; a domain of 4,000 square miles ed he Yellowstone National Park’ has been set aside for the future uses of the country, and in its area ave the most wonderful phenomena in tne world, showing ali phases of the action of poweriut subterranean jorces. THE WORK TO BE ACCOMPLISHED IN 1874. Dr. Hayden's main expedition leaves tue camp to-morrow, but the sub-expeditions have put out for their territory, as explamed in the accompany- ing map during the past 1ew days piore territory as jollows:— Square Milt Mr, Marvine's expedition, first division a Mr, Gannett's expedition, second divisic Mr. Wilson's expedition, third di seoes 5,000 The territory to be explored as directed oy Dr. Hayden will embrace some of the richest sections of iand in the United States territorial domain, and the Airveys that he will make will far exceed in completeness and accuracy those of the Eastern Total square miles... States, where in use were new scientific methods now not employed, In fact, the surveys of the ‘Territories as inaugurated and prosecuted by Dr Hayden haye been recognized the world over as the latest ex- empincations of modern science. Pew of our They will ex- | States even have surveys planned on the modern basis, I believe ] am not exaggerating in sayiug that there is not now an accurate map of any State in the Union, except one of California, and we all know the reason of that, extravagant ex- pectations requiring a liberal policy, They have been over six hundred years trying to make a map of England, and yet when the (amous ‘autumnal manceuvres’’ come off the contending sham armies invariably lose their geographical positions,and this has been the delight of those English writers who have a chronic appetite for governmental laxity. Even in the United States we have no mip makers if we except this survey, the coast survey and the labors of the engineer corps, ail of whicn have been of the first importance, and, with the excep- tion of Pennsylvania, New York, {linois, New Jer- sey, Indiana, lowa, Minnesota, North Carolina, Maseachusetts and California, there are no organi. zations which undertake to AX upon the bounda- ries and divisions of the national domain. I may add that IN LESS THAN FIFTY OR ONE HUNDRED YEARS the Western country will be more accurately de- fined than the Eastern States, and yet the dim- culties attending the successful operation of such an expedition as Hayden’s are almost innumera- ble. At the present moment we read in this camp tha: the Indians are hostile and are on the war- path; our base of operations must be from 200 to 250 miles from the outposts of civilization; money is not a quid pro quo; subsistence, water or trans- portation may fail; instruments may break, death may destroy the party, yet all the same the expe- dition moves forward through a wilderness unin- habited by a human being, unless some enterpris- ing band of savages should desire a cutlet from the white man, The gentlemen selected to lead the expedition are old frontiersmen of education, MR. MARVINE, LEADING THE FIRST DIVISION, 19 2 graduate of the Cambridge Scientific School, and has been five years in the tield among the | Indians, moving eyerywhere and accomplishing | valuable scientific work, His executive talents are of the first order, his physique good, his judg- ment in emergencies correct, and his determina- tion to ry Out hisinstractions never giving way to a temporary Weakness. He isa geologist; and that means a great deal. [tis generally supposed that geology is mere speculation, settled and de- termined upon by a pack of green-goggied fossils, | who, passing a stone in their hands of variegated hue, exclaim, “Miocene!” “Pleocene!? or “Si- lusian,” Analiy compromising on a difference ofa million Of years, and entering the specimen under some new specific title, This 1s not so. Geology ig a science intimately connected with the mineral aud agricultural resources of the Conti- nent—a science growing in importance from day to day, a3 I shall showin subsequent letters, Mr. Marvine, therefore, as a young geologist | who has beea Ove years in the Rocky Mountains, must command some respect. His instructions, which I here transcribe, are similar in their na- tare to those of the other sub-expeditions, and will suffice for alt Wastineron, D. C., July 1, 1874, Mr. Ancn. R. Manvine DEAR SIR—You are hereby given the direction of the first division of the geological and geograph- ical survey Of the Verrjtories, You are resposible for the property in your charge, for the economical expenditure o: the funds tor maintaining the party and for the general progress of ail branches ol the work. Your advice 1s to be given to the topographer as to the methods and quality of work, and be will ve held accountable by me to show good and suf- ficient reasons tor not tollowing such advice in cases where he teels obliged to differ from you, concerning THE MOVEMENTS OF THE PARTY, the ultimate decision rests with you after due con- sideration of the needs of all, You are to com- mupnicate with me every we when practicabie, giving an account of the pi ss of the work, future and how you mi reached by my communications, THE BOUNDARIES OF Toe AKBA to be mapped by your division, or as much of it as the season will aliow, as follows :—Conmencing at the intersection of 109 deg. 30 min. and 40 séc. it runs east on parallel 40 deg. 30 min. to Its iInter- section with the crest of the Colorado or Froub Tange, thence southeastward about ten miles along that crest to the northern bounaary of last summer's work; thence westward on that boun- dary to the head of Muddy Creek, tn tne middie park, thence southward along that creek, to its junction with the Grand River; thence “ sonthward up the — Biue River to the wreat head that les north of Mount Powell, thence in a straight line to Mount Powell, thence southward along the crest of the Park range to its intersection with 3) deg. 80 min. ; thence westward on this parallel to its intersec- tion of the Eagie River, thence down the Eagle River to its junction with the Grand River; thence down the Grand River to the inter- section Of meridian 109 deg. 30 min. For tne accompanying tracing these lines were approx- imately latd down, and also the divisions of the country into maps. You are first. to complete the unsurveyed portion of map 78 and then proceed witn the survey of map 77, THE TOPOGRAPHICAL STATIONS are to be placed so that all the country shall be carefully overlooked and as many points as possi- ble located horizontally and in latitude, Each trigonometric station is to be markea by a stone monument five feet uigh, built of such materials as may be at hand. In the top of the monument is to be placed a stick two leet long, with a squared face DOt iess than two inches, on which shail be cut the number of the map aud the number of the station, thus—M. 78; 8. 100, These numbers are in general to proceed irom No. 1, at the northeast corners of the mapa, to the highest pumber at the southwest corners, Where two or more parties are at work on the same map I have marked in the accompany- ing tracing the numbers to be used for stations by each’party, On map 78 you have from No. 100 to 110 and irom 110 to 185 to be used on your sta- tions. On map 77 you have from No.1 to 75 and from 100 to 200, On map 84 from No. 55 to 56, Shonid 1t be necessary to use more numbers you will mark them with the above numbers and one- half, a8—M. 77; S, 54s. In travelling from station to station itis ex- pected that the route of the topographer wiil be approximately meanuered and a good vertical section made with the barometer or aneroid. ‘Tne roads and trails are to be caretully traced, and in general the note books are to snow reliable data for a detatied map on tue scale which we use, You are to estabiish A PERMANENT BAROMETRIC STATION at the White River Agency, and, if possible, onefin the Middie Park, These are to to be equipped with barometers, Wet and dry, and maximum and minimum thermometers. . The barometers that you take are to be carefully compared with the United States Signal Service barometer at Deuver and with each other. It 1s hardly necessary for me to give you specific Instructions in LN fog to your geological work. You can pursue the methods and plans of last year, modifying them as your experience may sug- gest to render the work ‘more accurate, Very re- spectiully, your obedient servant, f. V, HAYDEN, United States Geologist. Mr. Gannett 1s also an old frontiersman, and likewise a graduate of the Cambridge Scientitic School. He has been three years an explorer on the Plains. Mr, Wilson, commanding the third di- vision, ts from California, and brings to his work an experience of eight years. Mr. James T. Gard- ner 1s the geograpuer, and Is charged with the pri- mary triangulation, trom which comes the skele- ton map. Professor Gardner has long been known tothe scientific men of the country as a devoted servant of science, and his work here in the West covers @ period of ten years, Besides the grand divisions I have named Jackson's photographic party will pusn down to the borders of New Mex- ico and take 600 negatives of the new San Juan mining region, about which we hear so many fab- “ulous stories. Becker's topographic meandering Party will follow the course of rivers, brooks and roads, and there will be over 300 topographical stations, and within @ radius of five miles. Peaks and depressions will be taken by angles of eleva- tion and depression and by intersection. Other names equally distinguished will be found in the following list of the organization, but the K. P. R, R. will not watt for farther detatis :— DR. HAYDEN'S PARTY, F. Vv, Hayden, United States Geologist, in { G@. B. Chittenden, Topograpner. . O Mo Shanks, Assistant Topographer, chard Brodhead, Barometrical Observer, Wwuemt Hi Hoimes, Assistant Geologist and Artis! Alvan S, Southworth, Secretary American Geo- graphical Society. Mr. G. R. Bechler, Topographer, will have a civt- sion accompanying, Which will be ap odometer vohicle for the purpose of meandering the various roads and trails of sravel. In addition to making @ survey of a special section he will complete im more detail portions of regions surveyed last sea- sop. He will be assisted by Mr. George Fish as barometrical observe: NORTHERN DIVISION. This division ts under the direction of Mr. Arch. R. Marvine, Geologist, with 8. B, Ladd, Topographer. ouls Chauvenet, Assisiant Topographer. E. A. Barber, Assistant Geologist and Botanist, M, L. Ward, Jr., Barometric Observer, W. W. Williams, General Assistant. MIDDLE DIVISION, Henry Gannett, Topographer Directing. A. O. Peale, Geclogist. Frederick D. Owen, Assistant Topographer. A. R. Balloch and Frank Kellogg, General As sistants, SOUTHERN DIVISION, A. D, Wilson, Topographer Directing. F. M. Endlich, Geoi .gist, Frankiin Rhoda, Computer, ©. E. Gallup, Barometric Observer. QUARTERMASTER’S DIVISION, James Stevenson, Quartermaster and Chief Ex« ecutive Officer. Robert Adams, Jr, and William S, Holman, Jr., Assistants, J. W, Sullivan, Clerk, IN THE FIELD. The southern division set out from this city on Sunday morning, the 1.th inst., and proceeded to Colorado Springs, from whence they struck direct forthe San Juan country, which the party will theroughly explore. Mr. a. D, Wilson, the topog- rapher, is in charge, and ts assisted by Dr. Ena- lich, the geologist; Mr. Gallup, barometrical ob- server, and by Mr. Frank Rhoda, an assistant topographer. Yesterday mormtng Mr. A. R. Mar- vine’s division started lor the White River country and Middle Park, intending to examine tne country north of the Grande. With this party is Mr. 8. B. Ladd, the topographe. ; Mr. Chauvenet, assistant topographer; Mr. Barber, assistant geologist, and a number of laborers and cooks, The division was, however, obiiged to return on account of the disinclination of two mules, who have been invited to return, Henry Gannett’s division will commence its march to- morrow morning. striking, via Fairplay, for the country lying between those to be explored by the other parties—the country south of the Grande, inclading the sources of the Gunnison and other streams, With Mr, Gannett go Dr. A. C. Peale, the well Known geologist of Philadelphia; P. D, Owen, assistant topographer, and camp attend. ants, The photographic division, under the charge of W. H. Jackson, will proceed to the most interest. ing points to make large and small photo- graphs, which will serve to illustrate the topography and geology of all territory gone over by the expedition, &, Inger- soll, of Boston, the naturalist, and Charles Anthony, assistant photographer, accompany this party. To-morrow Professor Hayden, with Mr. a B, Chittenden, photographer; W. F, Holmes, the artist, and @ few others will set out to visit the various divisions, review the whole field and make special observations with a view of supervising the entire report and connecting together the work of the vatious divisions, Another division wiil start soon aiter Proiessor Hayden's Party, in charge of Mr. James 1. Gardner, who carries’ on primary triangolations and geodetic work, all of which will serve to control the more detailed work by the various divisions of the survey. Mr. Gard- ner is assisted in hts triangulations by Projessor + 3. Atkins, who occupies the chair of mathe- matics and astronomy in Hiram Gollege, Ohio, and also by others, ‘This division will mot start until tne latter part of next week, and wHi continue the system of primary triangulations #0 shor: ougbly and successiully commenced at this point by Professor Gardner aes spring.