The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1873, Page 5

. TEXAS. Great Progress and Development of the Border State, THE SOUTHERN CANAAN. People, Products, Railroads and New Cities. MILLIONNAIRE SPECULATORS AT WORK. Cotton, Corn, Sorghum and the Grape in Abundance. General Pentographs by the Herald ; Commissioner. New ORLEANS, Jan. 9, 1873. ‘To shake the dust of old habits and the impulsion efolt paths from their feet the old race of slave- Relders write on their doors “Q. T. T.’’ again and feave for Texas. A few try Arkansas en route, but ‘there the carpet-bagger seems securely fastened as im the States behind him, and the interminable cara- ‘van pushes toward the setting sun, to the broad empire of roving stock and mingled wheat and eotton—Texas—the land where the black man ts in an everlasting minority, where the white woman oan work with her hands without shame, where the boys can grow up to tame wild horses and to run their own errands, end where living is cheap and land welcome and the golden year is already come. We bid our old brother God specd and hope for him @ country ‘where he need not feel the old disposition to say, “you uns’ to another stranger brought there from @more northern climate. In Texas they are 6 posed all to sit down together, as at the Pente- costal feast of a new religion, unlike the Ohivs and Micks and Yanks of California, who are scarcely supposed to be well sused up to this late aay, The activity of emigration to Texas has led to the-compilation of several publications which show the condition o/ tke State nearly up to the present me. GALVESTON . has doubled its population since 1865. It bas a poor harbor, with only twelve feet of water; but it hhas the largest cotton press in all the South. Like New ans, it has been hampered by heavy pilot- age and towage rates. It has a theatre and a big hotel, and.cxports about three hundred thousand bales of cotton, The Sea Island cotton is grown im this region little inferior to that of South Carolina, bringing from forty-four cents to ninety cents specie in Liverpool; sugar cane ‘Bnd sorghum are cultivated in large quantities back of Gaivestod, pnd rice and tobacco are also etaples, GREAT GROWTH OF TEXAS, _Six hundred miles of railroad is being laid an- ‘busily in ‘Texas, and the grape, castor bean, broont corn, corn, barley and wheat grow vigorously. From $100 fo $1,000 will buy a good iarm in Texas, snd it is a common thing for two boys to raise @ dozen bales of cotton and 500 bushels of corn without any assistance. A good deal of butter is made in Texas, Bs might be suppesed from the enormous quantity of stock. Prices, however, have crept up as the State become settled, and beef cattle have advanced 20 per cent within the past two years. Texas sheep have been good deal annoyed with & Gisease called the lombrize and scab, which has somewhat cut down the 5,000,000 pounds of wool reported by tne State, THB NEGRO POPULATION lives mainly in the Red River country in the north- east, aud im the coast counties. The small cotton farms in the South generally pay well, but owing to the demoralization of gregarious favor big plantations almost turn out failures. The dest! is to Break the State up into homesteads, and the und which withers under the ambition of @ most capable exertions which are to redound to one man’s profit bears vigorously for the poor mau’s mepee An English company ebtained a tract of country in Southern Georgia, worked ‘with plenteous capital and applied due diligence, but in a short time they were bankrupt and aban- doned the und, There is scarcely a Instance in all the South or a. Northern lanter succeeding with ® large tract of cotton land, ana with black jabor working in gangs. Much of this year’s pro- duction has been ‘planted and picked by tne poor whites, working upon their little patch Afrail- road branch was pushed UP. into some of the east- ern counties of Georgia two nd 10,000 bales or bags ofcotton are said to have ceme out oithat country this season, which had hitherto produced nothing. TEXAS CONNECTED WITH ST. LOUIS AND KANSAS, About the 1st of January communication will be practically established between Houston and the t cities of the Northwest; for the Missouri, sas and Texas road already runs Pullman cars Tight through the Indian Territory, and Austin and Houston are now scarcely further away irom the Eastern States than New Orleans, The cultiva- tion of sugar and the growth of jute, to make bagging Without the necessity of Onn: bagging stock, is creating attention all over the Southern country. If the newspapers there would drop politics and open their columns to ultural communications and suggestions the th would speedily receive consideration from all parts of the North. The sugar crop, under the conditions of iree labor, leads to much dis- cussion as to wiiether it is become a gigantic feature culture or must totally perish. To get cane in after it is fully developed, before the frost can strike it, requires an inteusity of labor by day and night which a voluntary agent would preier to shirk. The cost of seed settiug for four acres of sugar caue is about three hundred dollars, which is just equal to the yield of oue acre’s production * fm Sugar and molasses, The old sugar lands yieid a ‘thousand pounds to the acre and fifty gallons of molasses, but new land often yields three thousand pounds in the best seasons. ‘The cost of kettles, nding machinery, &c., is very large, and the ket- alone cost $1,200, Texas affords splendid op- portunities jor MANUFAI 8, OTURES, cularly in tanning hides, for it is said that the jwarf and scant timber of Western Texas produccs a very superior kind of tanning. In the same part of thé State the water power 18 magnificent, par- ey on the Comal, Marcos and San Antonio vers, One of the most flourishing towns in Texas is Jefferson, on the = Cypress Bayou, cae above the Red River rait and at the head of navigation; 75,000 bales of cotton are wagoned to this town and went down the overflowed land to New Orleans, A million of dollars has been spent in Jefferson to build brick stores, and the ee has risen from 1,500 to 9,000, and the business amounts to $10,000,000 per annum. ¢ A GOOD DEAL OF IRON 4s found on the hills of Northeastern Texas, and in Jefferson are the furnaces and foundries 0: George &. Kelley, the Bemeer works of the Kind. In Mid- die Texas it is claimed that a five year old bee! can be raised for less money than a dozen chickens in Georgia. All the $e ferrivs of the Canadian, Arkansas and Red rivers worth of Texas are @eeply cut up with teams, which have come from Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, to seize upon the ‘virgin soll of Texas, and this kind of Sisenios, life has made the Republic of Sam fouston a bivouacking country, lull of energy, tude and hopefuiness, Some portions of the py are Ce springs of ret and there cisterns, reat proposal with the Texan is to have peicghe INLAND STEAMBOAT NAVIGATION vetween the tributaries of the Mississippi and the fer AN amg RN patty ap i. Bd canal denigned take water courses from the Rio Grande to the Sabine, so that live stock can be moved on arks or bar over the whole system of Western rivers without loading into sea-going vessels, where they become cattle me op Tish in rmous bith ‘he want of mber in Texas hi . aa exten: of the Osage ni as led to an exten- Done ‘of heagin State, ie fall of potter's o re and other clays which can be Eat zed. The m irees Of the State are little known, but pleaty of iron is found in about forty counties, although the only iron works are near Jefferson, as aioresaia. There are about six thou- sand ep) miles of coal in the State, but not one ever been used for the roduction Copper is found in considerable quantities, ‘but is not werked, and a has been sunk for Jead and silver in Liano county without much re- sult. Asphaitum, antimony, bismuth and a little gold have been met with in Western Texas; the ort field is very large; there are some nitre ves and about a dozen salt works. In one of ‘these, in Liano county, over five hundred busnels ‘were made last year, THE GERMANS IN TEXAS. There i@ much direct emigration into Texas from e os Burope. New Braunfels and reterickitare were netted twenty-five years ugo, or before the Ameri- cans cea i much ip masa: ences towns are mountainous western country, and ‘was settled in 3845 with as as eleven thousand emigrants, These people have made a garden of their country, but ‘or years re preyed by the Comanches ve-hol and their suffer- the outbreak of the civil war that inhuman Seqniien: which only the class of rel wi former! ured into this State could have been gulity of. Instances are given where some of these German people have paid for a farm, ita stock and build- ings in a single year. Quite a number of the old Texas comyuistadoras still ive in ‘Texas, and about two hundred are receiving nsions from tie State. Very few of them are of much consequence, and the greatest of them all, Sam Houston, was badg- ered and harrowed at the beginning oi the war so that he died unhappy; but he is now regarded as the Washington of that State, and his memory treated with universal honor, while the people who ‘were severe to him obtatn corresponding ignominy. A VETERAN. One of these old Texans, Mr. Izbel, came from Greenville, ‘Tenn., where he rau away from his father, fearing to get a whipping, in 1833. He says that he has been in Andrew Johngon’s tallor shop im Greenville and had contests with the boys for the binding or edging torn from the cloth which Andy clipped. He has been entirely blind fourteen years, but reads and writes nevertheless, An un- ae spirit exists in Texas among the more reckless talkers against the United States. I met one ofthe Conger elect at New Orleans, and suggested to him that the enormous superficies of the State would require it at some time to be divided up, so ax to entitle 1t toa more liberal representation in fy eed “No, by God ?” he said, ‘‘we are just going to get strong and keep together, and some day we siall control this Continent.” Nothing could de more tnjire to the destiny of Texas than the prevalence of this kind of spirit, and as provision was wisely ade in advance for the par- titiom oi the State Congress should loek to it that this matter be kept steadily in mind for the tection of Northern men who are moving in| Texas, and are animated by none of the uscerbities of the exploded confederacy. FINANCES, Texas has no debt to speak of compared with her resources, but the meney which has developed the State has been liberally given by Northern men, as can be seen by reference to the new railroad system. HOUSTON. ‘rhe city of Houston, which lies behind Galveston, on the main land, on the Buffale Bayou, is the reat centre of the Texas railroads. It has a good foter and several iinposing buildings, three dauy newspapers and two wecklies, three breweries, two / demi mills, @ beef factory, lumber company, car ts two cotton factories, a navigation com- pany (wil h about eight feet ‘of water through hirty-six miles of the Buffalo Bayou) and @ popu- lation of 15,000 people. From this city to Gaives- ton ts fifty miles; te Fulton, Ark., 320; to Browns- ville, on the Rio Grande, 310, and to San Antonio, the chief city of Western Texas, 215, To Austin, the State capital, the distance is 155 miles, and to the poimt on the Red River where the Great Northern Railroad enters the Indian Territory it is 330 miles. This city will probably be the largest town in the State, Cee it is exceeded by Gal- veston at present, which has 20,000 peoplé and exports amounting to $28,000,000, al ree teeny of about ten thousand, and the State Capitol here is an effective building, but built of perishable materials, ao that it app to be crumbling. SAN ANTONIO has @ population of 15,000, with the Mexican ele- ment predominating, and it ts acity of great in- land trade with Chihuahua, Mexico. BROWNSVILL near the mouth of the Rio Grande, has 6,000 people, New Brauniels has 5,000, and many other towns are spri up all over the State. This development is truly Wenderful when we consider the fact that no railroad has ever yet perfectly connected Texas with any ether State. The Shreveport road is not completed; the Missouri, Kansas and Texas is not yet Inked on with tho noms yeqert and all spe le Who haye come into ate have gome by wagon aby we Yicet fata ig now develop. ing more rapidly, relatively speaking, ay ay State in the Union, New elements are giving a better social character to the State than it lor- Insriy iad, ANd the 1a railroad lands have heen put in the hands of thé most sagacious and enter- bribing teat meh. A glimpse at these railways ‘will tell you what is being doue. THE MISSOURI ARM TOWARD TEXAS. The Missouri, Kansas and Texas road is the great northern trunk line toward Fou. ives Pi dent is Levi Parsons, while other directors are Francis Skiddy, J. P. Morgan and August Belmont, It receives no other subsidy than 10,240 acres per mile, and it has five branches or extensions, mak- ing 776 mules. The entire trunk 5 stem, of wich it is one corporation, will have 2,' miles of rail when = it fully done, and will extend from the Missouri River, both in Missouri and Kansas, right through the Indian Ter- ritory and Middle Texas to Houston, where w will be bifurcated, and one branch will run to the City of Mexico and the Other to Camargo, near the mouth of the Rie Grande. This company is ac- tually said to have expended nearly fitteen millions of dollars and to have built five miles of roada day. The Houston Central Railway js the name of that associate of the former road, which traverses Texas. THE MAIN HIGHWAY OF TEXAS. It runs from Houston to Austin, the State capi- tal, and also due north to Preston, on the Red River, with several branches, and nine trains a day pass each way, of which three are passenger trains, It takes nearly a day and a night to go from Preston to Houston. Great numbers of stage lines connect all the stations of this road with distant points. The shops and offices are in Houston. Emigrants are carried for two anda half cents a mile, and the law limits the fare to ive cents @ mile. m. E. Dodge, of New York, is the President, and Moses Taylor, W. M. Rice and Adam Groesbeck are other officers. THE THIRD ROAD. designed to connect with the Memphis and Ei Paso Road, but aclamor has sprung up and the Texas Land Commissioner refused for some time to issue certificates to the company, although it has nearly done itswork. This road has spent four or live millions of dollars. Its President Is Gaiusha A. Grow, of Pennsylvania, the ex-Speaker of Congress. Moses Taylor, W. E. Dodge and Jacob 8, Wetmore are some of the leading people. Mr. Grow is making @ vigorous effort to get out of his troubles and build this road, with every chance of success, THE INTERNATIONAL RAILROAD is designed to connect the Vicksburg and Shreve- port road with Austin, San Antonio and the Rio Grande. It gets $10,000 a mile money subsidy, be- sides land, and is to enable the people of Galveston to get out to Vicksburg. ‘Tne President of this road is J. Sandford Barnes, and H. G. Marquand. Paul Spafford and John 8. Kennedy are directors. Kennedy has 150,000 acres of land near Corpus Christi, forty miles of fencing and 40,000 head of stock, The time tables for November, 1872, show that about one-sixth of the road is running, or sometning above one hundred miles, About twenty-eight miles of the Gulf, West- ern Texas and Pacific Railroad are in ranning order, dominated over by Charles Morgan and General Combs. Litigation has arrested the course of the Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad, of which T. W. Pierce is President, so that it runs merely between Galveston and Houston. This road, however, has considerable business, and Tuns four passenger trains a day. The Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Raiiroad is also stopped in its progress by quarrels, and has several tines changed hands; it runs one train a day each or for eighty-four miles; it has the oldest charter in the State, given twenty-five years, be but, having no terminus at either end, it is hardly self-sustain- ing. San Antonio city has voted $500,000 to this company. The Texas and New Orleans Railroad has suspended operations tor some time past, and has now fallen into the hands of Charles Morgan, 80 that it will be the great Gulf line from Mobile to Houston. It is now in the hands of a receiver. The Southern Transcontinental Railway, now called the Texas and Pacitic, has fallen into the hands of Thomas Scott, and work will be begun with energy in the Spring to make 500 miles. The Houston Top and Brezoria road has laid fifty miles o! track between Houston and the town of Colum- bia, but it is not now running at all. Mr. Grow has had the control of this road Jatterly. Such is the condition of the Texas railways. The great overruling fact about them is that Galveston, ha Sag jd St. Louis are on the eve of linking ands. ITEM! At Houston a State fair is commonly held for a week, and the competitien im stock is always fine. ‘The same may be said of many other fairs at San Antonio, Dailas, &c. I have omitted to make men- tion of the sugar beet culture in the State, which 13 promising, and of the fine pineries ‘and cypress groves in Eastern Texas, Still it 16 queer to see in such & vast Stat {nat Northern bay is imported in ies, enormous quan: OFFICIAL SALARIES. The Governor gets a salary of $5,000. His private secretary receives $2,000, ‘The salaries in the State Department amount to $6,500, and in the Attorne; General’s oMice to $6,600; im the Comptroller's o1 to above $20,000, while the Land Office maintains a if force. The State has now passed into of the democratic party by # very large majority, and some of the violent oppressions of the retiring Governor, such as maintaining a mounted police to repress disorder with bloodshed, and which is accused of influencing the elections in the same way, reer the impeachment of Davis. Taxes are light in Texas, although all the counties are subscribing to the railroads, and the perma- nent schoo! fund is more than five times as large a8 all other funds together. POPULATION AND CHURCHES. Such are some views of this enormous State which stretches across ten parallels of latitude and fourteen meridians of longitude, 1¢ has all varie- ties of climate and production, and is equal to the Austrian Empire and is three times the extent of ali New England. The last census shows nearly two hundred thousand church members in the State and 843 churches, of which the Methodists have 355, the Baptists 275, the Episcopalians only 32 and the Catholics only 36, There were 66,000 children going to school in the State. and 190,000 people over ten years oid who could not read and 221.000 who could not write. ‘This is to bod eee to the negro and poor white popula- Next Spring will witness extraordinary activity in Texas, when the Texas and Pacific road gets steadily under contract and moves aud whistles at the Pacific Ocean it threatens, The Houston and Great Northern Railroad was | THE SCHOOL SCARE. The Cost for Cleaning Stoves, Steve Pipes, &.— One Hundived Thousand Children En- trusted to Incompetents—Real Cause for Alarm in This City. The recent success%l efforts of ‘the Fire King," who is so olten alluded to, and of the “the Fire Bug,’ whose title ig used in connection with every fire that bears any evidence of incendiary origin, together with the most recent report of the In- spectors of the Board of Health, have naturally caused a great deal of excitement among the pa- rents and others interested in the one hundred thousand children whe dally attend the public schools in this city. It is the simple truth to say that the people of the metropolis have just reason to be proud of the system of public education in the city of New York; but of what service can be the best method of de- veloping the mind if there be any just eause to be- heve that the body is in danger should a Hre occur, or even an alarm of fire be given, when such occur- rence or alarm would jeopardize, i not saerifice, the lives of hundreds of children? There is certainly no place in which the hopes and fears and wishes of fathers and mothers are so centred asin the schoolhouse; and no precaution can be too much to. satisfy their minds that all Possible means have been exhausted to insure be- yond a doubt the safety of those who look to them lor support, and whose safety and welfare they trust to others under the law. Under existing circumstances, therefore, it is of more than ordinary importance to know just how the schooliouses in this city have been looked after and safety provided fer by those to whom the people, as their representatives, have entrusted the care of the rising youth ef the metropolis. The recent report of the Sanitary Police, together with the note from Mr, Mackay, In- apectsr for the Third School district, to the effect that in the two wards of which he has supervision the persons having charge, ofthe boilers and heat- - apparatus are totally incompetent, and that “their retention may result disastrously to the scholars in the schools in which they are em- toyed,” has are the eyes of many who relied implicitly on the good sense and experience of the members of the Board of Public Instruction and thew well known endeavors to place the system of educatien in this city, with all its con- comitants, ahead of that of any city in the Union, The efforts of the members o/ the present Board of Public Instruction are undoubtedly very commend- able in many ways, but it is not to the credit of that Board that the post of Chief Engincer—an officer who has full control of the heating and ven- tilating of all the schools—should ve given to aoe politictan’s relative without regard to thoroug! competency. Itis Sorcainly very strange that, with a Superin- tendent of Buildings at $4,000 per annum (who has acted as architect for a number of years), with a competent Foreman of Repairs, at $5 per diem, and with a Chief Engineer, at $4,000 per annum, there should be anything left undone on which cause for complaint could be founded as to the safety of all or any of the schools in case of fire; and that with a “Sanitary Inspector” (also ata large salary) anything should be lett undone to secure proper ventilation and means for healthy exercise for the attendants at the schools, Such, however, is the fact. THE ENGINEER’S REPORT, as published by the Board of Public Instruction, shows that during the year ending reat: 1871, the amount of $11,000 was expended by him, or under his direction, ior “repairs to heating array together with the annual gleaniny of stoves, stove pipes, flues, &c.,” but no attemnt at detajls is given, and for radiators in | five schools the suni cf £22,400 hag been expended under the supervision of this same eilgineér, who to a certain extent has in his keeping the lives of hundreds of thousands of the children of this metropolis. In his last report to the Commission. ers he says that he ‘made a thorough exanination into the aris ot QUALIFICATIONS OF THR JANTTORS,’? and ‘found that im most cases the persons em- ployed were not qualified in respect to experience nor mechanical skill,’ but he naively states that he communicates these facts “on account of hav- ing received notice from Captain Yule, Superin- tendent of Steam Bollers, &c., that all janitors eign trade in the seven months ended July 31, 1872, carried in vessels, over 71 per cent was 10 foreign Vessels a8 compared with 68 per cent for the cor- nding period of 1871, number and ton of vessels é! in the foreign trade which éntered into and cleared from the ports of the United States during the twelve months ended July 31, 1872, and 1871, re- spectively, were as follows:— Entered. Cleared. No. |__ Yous. | No. | Tune. American vessols,1872) 10,760( 4,727,108] 10,002) oy ‘Amerioan vessels:18/1 izes Shaun ise Sreasce ing 7152737] 18,80) 7,120,685 19ia6G] —GyasA.2011 19}:c22] 6288, 683 m to foregoing, report contains statements showing the receipts, expenditures and financial condition of the tife insurauce com- panies in the United States; ratiroad earnings in e United States; experts from Birmingham, England; production of minerals, manufactures and agriculture in France; exports from Chemnitz, Saxony, and exports, &c., of Cuba. ‘The Uhief of the United States Bureau of Statistics announces that the German and French editions of his report on immigration are now ready, and will be forwarded at an early day to Hamburg, Bre- men, Antwerp, Havre, and Trieste, fer aistribution in Germany, Austria, France, Switzerland, and Bel- gium. A copy will be sent to any address in either Of the ahove countries, on the reeeipt of twelve (*2) cents, in postage stamps, for the German, or eight- een (18) cents for the French edition. THE MAHAR-ST. JOHN HOMICIDE. Farther Particulars—The Alicged Mur- - derer Still at Large. On Thursday afternoon at three o’clock the start- ling announcement that a murder had been perpe- trated at Pennington had the effect of cansing among the goodly denizens-of Trenton much sur- prise, as such an occurrence has been very rare in that part of Jersey, no murder having been com- mitted there for a number of years, Coroner Britton received a communication from Aaron 8. Lanning, a Justice of the Peace at Penn- ington, informing him that his official services were required in that place to investigate the, circum- stances which lead to the death of the victim of a homicide, Mr, Britton secured the attendance of a constable, and, both jumping into a sleigh, at once proceeded to the scene, closely followed by a HERALD reporter and the Marshal of Police, who used another vehicle of like construction. After a ride of one hour and a half’s duration up hill and down hollow, on the snowy surface of the Penning- ton pike, they arrived at THE ROMANTIC VILLAGF. Here it was learned that the scene of the: san- guinary deed was still three miles further, It was deemed necessary by the Coroner that a jury should be selected from the citizens of the former place in order to facilitate the preliminary pro- ceedings. So the constable was instructed accord- ingly, and inside of thirty minates fifteen well-to-do farmers were summoned. This being accomplished the party struck out for’ a place known as Mar- shall’s Corner, where they were received by the *Squire, Mr. Lanning. Marshall's Corner is situated on the line of the Mercer and Somerset Railroad, which railroad runs from the somerset junction, a point on the Belvidere and Delaware railroad, to East Millstone, where it connects with the Millstone road, and thence toNew Brunswick, and eleven miles north of Trenton. The Squire, on being interrogated by the Coroner, did not seem to know much about the fracas, stuting that he knew none of the parties thereto and that de did not secure any witnesses, The jury was imme- diately empanelled and the investigation pro- cceded with, The first witness examined was Dr, E. L. Welling. He testified that be was galled to nd deceased at thrée o'clock on the evening after the occurrence; deceased was then in an insensible state; his pulse was between thirty and forty; there WAS AN INJURY OVER THE RIGHT EYE and anindentation of one inchin depth on the right side of the head above the temple; they were caused by a stick with a knot in it in his judgment; he made a post-mortem examination and the result were to appear and quality for the posi- tion of engineer.” On the 27th dav of | December last—“that the responsibility of violating the statute may no longer rest upon the Board”— the Commissioners of Public Instruction issued a circular containing a resolution offered by the Committee on Course of Studies, School Books and Hygienics, as follows:— solved, That the Local Boards of Trustees be re- quested to cause each and every janitor under their jurisdiction, having m charge steam-heating apparatuy, forthwith appear belore the Board of Police Commis: sioners for the purpose of exam: qualified, the Board of Police Commissioners be're- quested to furnish cach engineer employed as jaultor with a duplicate certiticate of qualification, one of said ceresnoates tw be placed on file among the records of this joard. How many janitors have complica with this or- der does not appear, but owing to the peculiar complication of the school laws, the Board of Pub- lic Instruction has littie or no control over the janitors or their assistants, to whom = are entrusted the care and maintenance of the steam or heating apparatus in the schools, The “Local Boards’ contro! the appointment of jant- tor, aud as “the place” is one which is supposed to have some little perquisites attached to it (gener- ally the supposition is the heaviest part), it be- comes a bone of conteation. In one of the lower wards recently the struggie for janitor was very active between @ liquor dealer's brother, a boatinan and the driver of a “‘night-owl” hack, Alter several meetings, much debating and many speeches, elo- quent and otherwise, the “liquor dealer’s brother” won the prize and now “runs the machine.” His certificate is not in view. In many wards the condition of things, in re- spect to the quaiification of janitors, is no better. In fact there are @ few janitors who are better qualified than the Engineer of tite department, who, it is suppose as charge and knows all about the heating and ventilating of all the schools. It 15 needless to enlarge upon this subject at present, The public has been forced to take cog nizance of the fact that buildings considered fire- roof in other cities proved to be anything but reprool, and that ‘ilre escapes” have generally proved to be of no effect or merely man-traps to add to the danger in buildings to which, as under the present laws, they are attached. The fact that the public has been thus aroused will un- | doubtedly cause the proper authorities to | bestir themselves 80 as to silow that they have become more alive to the necessities of the situ have shown themselves to be ly tion than rot tofore, and allay to a great extent the alarm which now There is not a pervades the public mind. schoel house in this city provided with a fire escape, and in a@ majority of the schools the means of | egress would prove to be only extraordinary aids | in the work of human slaughter in case of fire or Panic. COMMERCE The Monthly Report of the Bureau of Statistics. Monthiy Report, No, 1, series 1872-73, of the Bureau of Statistics, contains the statistics of our foreign trade for the month ended July 31, 1 and for the seven months ended the same, con pared with the corresponding periods of 1871. AND NAVIGATION. | AT ER The Chief of the Bureau furnishes the following | synopsis :— [oo Bomentte’| ; Periods, Imports, | Txneris an values) $50,481,748] $16,824,681 | $3,408,916 47,850,042| 37,018,743} 3,252,072 Seven $ July Jy W872... ..+s0.-,| 412,848,734] 322,847,185] 14,356,546 Seven months ended 7 869,561 a9 “dhe total value of foreign commodities remaining in the warehouses of the United States July 31, 1872, was $112,896,690, a8 compared with $70,257,875 July’ 31, 1871. e respective amounts of our foreign trade for the seven months, which consisted of mer- chandise and of gold aud silver coin and bullion, | erg as (qllow; 5 ‘ers | oe || 991 082} $256, 726,097 867 21 ben 175) Ta se a8 beviiktad 10,807, (66,121,088 459, 11,859,601] 49,544,549 52, Allowing for the difference tm the warehouse account, the imports for the seven months ended July 31, 1872, are In excess of the domestic and foreign exports combined to the amount of $33,006,188, or mearly 8,69 per cent, while for the seven months ended Ji 31, 1871, the exports exceeded the imports by $1,755,764, or about .60 per cent. Of the total importa and exports for the seven months ended July 81, 1872 and 1871, the following amounts were carried in American and foreign vessels and in cars and other land vehicles, re- spectively :— Domestic Importa’ | ‘(mized | Reports siete valuce). al ees Gael ay Land vehicles, 1871,...} 8,683,183] 3,627,269 5,197,740 Prom this tabie it appeare that, of our total for- convinced him that death resulted from the effects of tte blow given over the temple, and also that death was hastened through the de- ceased being under the influence of liquor; com- pression and concussion of the brain were caused, therefore death was inevitable; he further said that the action of the heart and consequent circulation of blood through the brain were undoubtedly greatly increased by the influence of intoxicating drinks; deceased was a strong, rugged, hearty man, Peter Carroll was the next witness—Was a laborer ov the railroad and boarded with Dan Kir- vin, at Marshail’s Corner; was in Kirvin’s house at the time of the occurrence ; Patrick Mahar came in first and was then followed by St. John; the latter had two metal weights in his hands; could not tell their size; deceased approached Mahar and threw the weights at him; they did not hit him; Mahar ran out; went after Mahar and closed the door after me; deceased remained inside; Mahar then seized a stick or club, about four feet long and something thicker than an ordt- nary-sized wrist; he then went to the door and tried to get in; he struck the door three blows; the door was opened, and he then drew the clu and made a biow, but could not see whether he hit deceased or not, owing to the position | was standing in; Mahar then stepped back and told me to go into the house and take care of St. John; when I went in 1 SAW HIM BLEEDING and lying in the arms of John Doley; I helped to wash oif the blood; deceased never spoke after being struck; he died at. five o’clock the bowing evening; the witness, with deceased, Mahar anc others, had been @ serenade at George Hill’s residence, a quarter of a mile from Mar- shall's Corner, the night of the occurrence; they were all half drunk when they started, with the ex- ception of witness, who ts a temperance man; they remained three hours at Hill’s and the whole party drunk considerably of cider and whiskey mixed, and by the time they got back they were all ‘crazy drank ;”' witness said this was the first time he had ever seen Mahar under the influence of liquor, but that he often saw deceased in that state; deceased and Mahar never had any ili feeling towards each other, ch henenti seemed to be friends and “ehume 5’? whiskey mixed with stale cider was tie cause of the fatal result. The other witnesses examined were John Daley, Fanny Kirvin, the boarding mistress, and Peter Ferris, The former said he was so drunk when the affray took place that he conid not tell much. Fanny Kirvin was so much frightened that she lost all her recolicction. Peter Ferris said that deceased was a dangerous manwhen under the influence of liquor, and that he was afraid of him for the last nine months. On the night of the oc- currence Ferris saw a billy swinging from the wrist of deceased; he took the two weights out of witness’ store, aud tu so doing USED SOME VILE LANGUAGE saying that he would kill some one that night; witness farther stated that deceased said he had a six-shooter mm his pocket and that he would kill seven men, and also whip witness; deceased was crazy from drink; witness anticipated trouble that hight, and he closed up his store earlier than usual. ‘The other witnesses nearly corroborated Carroll's testimony, which was to the effect that St. Jolin was the first assailant, and Mahar, through heat of passion, retaliated by giving the fatal blow, which, as is believed by the residents of the place, was not designed to kill St. John. After six hours be- ing exhausted in taking the evidence the inquest was adjourned to to-day at ten o'clock A. M., to meet at Pennington. The deceased was interred yesterday. He was 4 fine-looking man, features well developed, and was abuut five feet ten inchea 2 ee was thirty-five years of age. Patrick jahai 13 STILL AT LARGR, He was not arrested on account of the mitigating cixcumstances surrounding the case. He is about eighteen years of age and is an innocent, harm- less looking youth. He was present at the inquest and seemed to be deeply affected, Six or eight witnesses are yet to be examined, and it is pre- sumed that the whole of this alternoon will be ex- hausted nefore a verdict is arrived at. The “billy” and weights were examined by the jury, and they seemed to be very formidable looking weapons. The club with which the deed was perpetraicd could not be found, Tne pruicipals to the affair, together with the deceased, are Irishmen, and follow the vocauion ¢f ratiroad laborer for a livelthooa, EXTRAORDINARY HORSE RUNAWAY IN NEWARK, A horse belonging to a Newark pottery proprie- tor performed an astonishing feat on Thursday. At the top of its speed it dashed down Mulberry street, dragging @ light sleigh after it. Efforts to stop it drove it on the railroad, and away it sped in the direction of the Centre street bridge. On to this it sprang and cleared a span of twenty-five feet and continued galloping across the ties until finally, when near the open draw, its feet slippea throngh tie ties and there it stuck. Workmen pro- cured boards, ropes and taekle and pulled out the oor beast, greatly bruised, but not fatally injured. Frains were delayed half an hour. THE VACANT PARK COMMISSIONERSEIP, Mayor Havemeyer, in reply to an inquiry of a HERALD reporter as to the nomination of a suc- cessor to Mr. Green as Park Commissioner, said that he really had not had time to think about it yet. Noimpediment to the public business couid occur in consequence, because there was & quorum without Mr. Green in the Park Board. He thought he should make the appointment very shortly, but as he had more pressing matters to attend to he had allowed it to be delayed, LIFE IN THE TOMBS. Ventilating Some of the Ils that Criminal Flesh is Heir To. GROWLS FROM CHRONIC GRUMBLERS. How the Cells Are Heated—The Beds and Bed- d'ng—What the Prisoners, the Warden end, @ Reporter Thinks About It—How Stokes is Warmed—Nos. 4 and 17. Since the mausoleum-like structure on Contre street, known as “the Tombs,’ became the prison- house of Edward 8. Stokes—a criminal with real aristocratic associations and some secial position— there has been considerable discussion both in the public prints and among the community aa to the accommodations afforded to persons un- fortunate or sinful enough to be immured within its dreary granite confines, Of course, there was much of humanity in this sort of solicitude, and there was also a flavoring of false or unnecessary sympa- thy. With a view of learning what the comforts or discomforts, the accommodations and inconyen- jences of the City Prison actually are, a HERALD re porter yesterday afternoon called on Warden Fin- lay and requested from that uniformly courteous gentleman permission to inspect the male prison, its furniture and general appointments. The chief complaints made have been in reference to the Jack of proper warmth in the cells and the insum- clency of the bedding allotted to the prisoners. It has been alleged that cold currents of air sweep through the building in all directions; that the windows of the cells were imperfect in their con- struction and fitting, and that prisoners were obliged to put on all their clothing and STAY IN BED ALL DAY to keep comfortable. The first information sought by the reporter was as to the quantity and quality ofthe bedding apportioned to the prisoners. “We furnish a prisoner's bed,” repiied the Warden, “with a mattress of ordinary ticking, filled with straw, a straw-stuffed pillow and pulowslip, an upper and an under sheet, two pairs (four thicknesses) of blankets and a cotton and wool mixed spread or counterpane, Uf you'll step this way you can examine them and judge of the material and whether it is sufficient.” The Warden led the way to a supply room in rear of the offices, unlocked the door and displayed the bed furniture. The blankets were, it is true, not of the finest Mackinac texture, but they were sub- stantial aud in pairs, uncut. The sheets were of coarse, heavy, gray cotton; the ticking of good average quality, and the coveriets of blue and white, with a cotton woof and woolen warp, are of a kind good enough for people who have never shot or stabbed any man. “How is the prison heated, Mr, Finlay?’ asked the reporter. “There are two furnaces built in the prison, and two large upright gas-burner stoves in the corri- dor. You have seen the stoves; you remember when you were here to see John Real and Jack Rey- nolds the stove that stood at the door of ceil Ko4 ‘ “Vés, Lremember the stoves now, but do they give ample heat to the whole prison interior, with the furnaces ?”? “Y think they do,” replied the Warden, “You see, it a difficult thing to heat the prison effect- ually, for many of the prisoners may complain of a heat which would only keep others comfortable. Some men require more artificial warmth than others; and, in the next place, all prisoners, in | every prison and in any country, are NOTORIOUS GRUMBLERS, Making complaints is almost a pastime with them. But go into the prison and examine the arrange- ments, you will be able to see for yourself then. Pl) send a keeper with you.” By this time the Warden and reporter had re- turned to the office, and a keeper, who was summoned by Mr. Finlay, took charge of the scribe to convoy him through the ave- nue of what G. F. Train calls “dungeons.” Before starting the Warden instructed the keeper to allow the reporter to examine Jully all the heating ap- paratus, the ventilating system, the windows, cells, and so forth, There were humerous visitors passing in and out of the prison, aud the general appearance was one of considerable bustle. Soms were intent on curlosity—people from the country and provincial cities, who wanted to sce what THE FAMOUS PRISON looks like inside, Gentlemen with small troops of ladies, finely clad, but with morbid souls, who wanted to see men looking through grated doors, and sighed most of all for “ just a look” at Stokes, which they didn’t get by the way. The reporter was first conducted to the ground floor of the cor- ridor, which, by the way, is not a corridor, as that term 1s usually understood. It 1s, in fact, the central interior space .of the prison and is a long, narrow and very lofty hall, sur- rounded by three tiers of iron galleries, which are Teached by iron stairs, with barred doors at the top. All the upper cells open into and front on these galleries, and the lower or ground floor cells debouch upon the stone-paved floor. The corridor is divided into two wings, right and leit, by the doorway. ‘The keeper turned to the left and first showed the reporter the INTERIOR OF STOKES’ CELL, the prisoner being temporarily absent at the time. ‘The apartment looked tolerably comfortable, there was an abundance of bedding, neat and clean looking, on his cot; @ plain carpet was spread on the floor and a camp-chair stood near the foot of the bed. A few toilet articles completed the furnishing the little abode, and altogether = it ad a snug appearance, though Geir lighted, The walis are whitewashed, and looked bare and cheerless, and it would be faisehood to assert that there was anything like luxuriance in it—it looked like what it is, a prison cell, The reporter, however, remembers having seen Jerry O'brien, fie rere Orig yak hn Real, whe killed cer Smedick, apd Ja Fernolda thet at proper oi eee te ife same cell when it lacked some of the few comforts that are In it now, A large stove irradiates an almost blistering heat day and night within thirty inches of the cell door, and made the atmosphere of the apart- ment dry and warm. About filteen feet from this cell, diagonally on the opposite side of the corri- dor, is a iarge furnace, built in the space formerly occupied by a cell, the heat from which is diffused directly into the corridor from an open-grated radiator setin the wall avout six feet irom the floor, There are ABOUT 140 CELIS in the whole maleprison available for use, and the “corridor” is about a hundred feet in length and forty-five or fity feet in height. The sectiou of the coridor to the right of the entrance is similar to | the one on the left and {s similarly heated—so that there are two lurnaces, each about as large as a ceil, an two very large upright circular stoves to fur- nish warmth to the building. The cells on the ground floor are naturally coider dd damper than those of the upper tiers on the galleries, and as the heated air is lighter than the cold air the upper tiers are warmer than the lower cells. Whatever of dampness there may be to affect the cells on the round floor, qn which Stokes’ ceil 1s situated is due solely to the low, marshy ground on which the prison is built, and 1 Oe the only way to remedy it will be to build a “new prison on a better site, or to introduce a system, of heating wy. / pipes 80 that each may be directly warme soners, how- ever, are rarely confined in the cella on the ground Noor of the Tombs, unless the upper tiers are very much crowded by occupants. THE OBLLS ON THE FIRST GALLERY, or tier, were next examined by the reporter. The Wher temperature was readily no- tigoable here, and the celle were some- what warmer, but they certainly are not what they should be in this respect. In one of them, of about the centre of the Corridor, were coutined two youn: nm charged With burglary, one of them 106KIng genteel and respectable enough to be a bank clerk or a floor walkef in an uptown store. The reporter entered the cell and é¢xamined the window and ventilator. Thiscell is om the western or Elm street side of the rectangle, ad all the windows on that side of the tier are fastened down, in consequence of several sueceasiul attempts to escape made in that direction, Four boys made their exit on one occasion through sim- Uar windows on the fourth tier, about forty feet from the ground, They were hard cases from the House of Refuge, and as the windo' are mere lateral openings, about twenty inches iong aud not oem! buttoned to the neck when the reporter en- re “You have plenty of bedding, then?” remarked the reporter. Re Sc) plenty. We can keep very comfortable at night. ‘Do you actually feel cold here?” “Not exactly cold—we are chilly, chill that creeps slowly into 3 partly owing to our inaction and partly because of the Gull air im the ceil, It is neither cold nor damp, and yet it feels like both,’” THE REPORTER REMAINED IN THE CELL some minutes, and could actually experience some- thing of the sensation which the prisoners at- tempted to describe. The air was alittle heavy, a little moist and @ little cool, and it could very readily be imagined how the sensation of ‘chill’? would diffuse itself through the body in this unset- tled weather in a stone-walled room, into waich probably a ray of sunlight never penetrated, It Was indeflnable, yet unmistakable. The next apartment visited wi the other side of the corridor, of Stakes for one yearsup tothe time of bis re- moval to “the condemned ceil,” which he now oc- cupies, A young man, almost boyish and of German or Hebrew origin, was the sole inmate. He looked deeply distressed, and his eyes were red and swollen from weeping. He was A TENDER-SOULED PRISONER, less than twenty-four hours in durance, and had Not yet become suficlently reckless to be brave in such sort of adversity, The cell was very warm and comfortable, iy “Are you warm enough in here?” asked the re- porter of the prisoner, “Oh, yes, sir. I am as warm as I waut to be, The cell is as comfortable as it can be.” This cell was almost directly over the furnace down stairs, and the atmosphere was as Sones that of @ lady’s boudoir, though, perhaps, less aromatic, Stokes’ carpet had been removed from the stone fleor, and the reporter stooped and placed his hand on the Sagging, to find that it was quite warm. No attempt will be made by any pri- soner to ESCAPE FROM THIS CELL by digging down througn the floor. The fmrnacs beneath would be tuo suggestive of the hereatter which awaits so many of them, ‘On this corridor are confined Sharkey, the slayer of Dunn; Scannell, who watted three years Donahue’s life; King, who pistolled O’Neiil on a staircase in Pine street, and Foster, the man whose blood has been howled for so long. Simmons, who carved “Nic.”’ Duryea to pieces in Liberty street a few weeks ago, Will soon be of the number, and altogether the dwellers in the first tier rank matt in. abe criminal catalogue, As the keeper re- rl — “This tier is ocenpied only by heavy criminals— murderers, burglars, highway robbers and. men charged with felonies.” All the windows en the west, or inside walk of the corridor, swing open, and may be opened or closed at the will of the prisoners, A number of the cells in different localities were inspected, with the same general results. Some of the PRISONERS WERR TOLERABLY CONTENT with the temperature and others were dissatisfied, but all whom the reporter conversed with stated that they were well supplied with bedding, On returning to the ofice Warden Finley stated that, so far as tie capacity of the prison was concerned, it was wholly in- adequate, but that the Commissioners of Charities and Correction exerted themselves by every means in their power to minister to the general welfare of the prisoners. There was no reason- able privilege or addition to their comfort at all consistent with prison discipline which they were not at all times Willing to extend; but he thought the only real remedy for existing eviis-was to be attained by building & new and much larger prison, in @ healthy location, THE JERSEY MUNICIPAL FRAUDS. Tho Most Curious Jersey Verdict on Record—A Curious Mediey of Innocence and Guilt—Hew Six Jurors Were Hoodwinked—Whole- wale Acquittals—District Attorney Garretson Leaves the Court in Disgust—He Will Try No More Cases Till Next Term. It 1s a sort of 3 ‘The jury, who had been locked up all night in the case against the Board of Public Works of Jersey City, did not come into court till eleven o’clock yesterday forenoon. They had been out twenty two hours, Judge Randolph asked if they had agreed and the foreman replied in the aMirmative, The verdict was not guilty, but the jury coupled with this a censure on the Board of Public Works for the loose manner in which they transact the public business. A document to this effect was handed to the Court. Judge Randolph—This is no part of the verdict? A Juror (Mr. Miller) —Certainly it is, Your Honor. The Judge, however, refused to entertain the document. This method of patching up a verdict, extraordinary as it really is, was arrived at wnep the jary were NEARLY STARVED OUT and there was no probability of agreement. An unqualified verdict of not guilty was impossible, the jury standing six and six on the very last vote. The six who held out for conviction were quite crestfallen when the Court re{used to incorporate the censure with the ver- dict, and one of them declared that if he had been again in the jury room he would have HELD OUT TILL DEAT for conviction, although he had not at the moment of agreement tasted tood for twenty-six hours, The District Attorney sat quietly looking on the ground while the verdict was being rendered. He had not an opportunity to look at the document referred to when one of the counsel for the defence (Mr. Winfleld) secured possession of it, and seemed to take delight in tantalizing the reporter of a local sheet, who desired it for an “extra,” but who was bre i ee ‘Khe t of Police Justice Keese was resumed, and when the case was closed Judge Randolph charged the jury in substance to acquit the pris- oner, as the latter acted in the same way as the Court would have acted. The closing sentence, was :—‘Gentlemen, the case ts with you; but tné’ Court says to you’ that the defendant has ac within the scope of hia authority.” ‘The jury after a brief absence returned @ verdict of acquittal. Justice Keese was then placed on trial on ANOTHER INDICTMRNT charging him with having failed to send the recog: nizance to the Grand Jury in the case of John Col- leran. From this neglect the Collerana settled the: case with one Snyder by paying him $25, and they also pald Justicg Keese $15, SIGNIFIGANT WARNING TO TOR JURY. Judge Randolph charged the jury that they must find a verdict for the defendant, adding that there ‘was such @ doubt in the case that even if the jury rendered a verdict of gutity the Court would have to reserve the matter to await a motion in arrest of judgment. The jury accordingly rendered a ver- dict of acquittal. Hereupon the District Attorney bundled up his papers and announced that the State would enter a nolle prosequi on the two other indictments against Justice Keese in view of the verdict jast rendered. He also announced that he would not bring up any more of the oficial indictments during the present term of Court. So saying, he collected his papers, put on his overcoat, and, taking his satchel in his hand, took his | leave of the term—a term which cannot be said to have produced much good fruit for the law-abiding people of New Jersey, but which reverses the enviable reputation of State for BVEN-HANDED AND IMPARTIAL JUSTICE. The HERALD stated afew days ago when these indictments were breught up (or trial there was no probability of a conviction in a single case, and that statement has been verified to the letter, Out of the six indictments tried the State has not obtained even one conviction. The District At- torney stated to the HERALD representative that with such an issue of so many indictments found by an excellent grand jury a(ter an unusually long de- liberation he would not be digciarging his duty to the State by trying ANY MORE SUCH EXPERIMENTS during the present term of Court. Although some. what prostrated fromm his arduous labors, in which he had to shoulder a burden never before laid on one man in that Court and fight against what ordinary men would regard aa yee odds, he says he will be ready to self and put on his armor next Tuesday week, When the next term yillcommence. He frankly admits that he is dis- couraged at the result of the late trials, vat he hopes: that at ine eusuing term he wii! weet with 4; se fewer obsiac COLLISION ON THE EAST RIVER, : ee At about one o’clock yesterday afternoon the sloop Manhattan collided with the Williamsburg ferryboat Montana, while “beating” down tho river, near the Catharine ferry. The bowsprit of the sloop was projected so far into one of the wheels ef the ferryboat that her engines wero stopped, The pilot immediately blew of steam, and the alarmed passengers became greatly more than Ove inches wide, the boys hit upon the auxiliary expedient of SOAP-LATHERING THEIR HEADS, bo a6 tolubricate them through the narrow aper- ures = Manage to keep warm in this cell 1” asked the reporter of one of the two supposed Jott ned just referred tw» The young men were sitting on the bed, and had just been indulging in @ game of cards, “Well, we don’t keep very warm, sir,” rephed the least prepossessing of the duo, “it ts chilly here attimes, and as @ general thing we have to put enall tne clothes wecan in the daytime. At night we are Warm and comiortabie, and get on very well.” excited, the ladies particularily, and for ® few moments tue utmost consternation pre- vatled; but the Arizona, anoth ferryboat belonging to the Ba line, ae A, ad took of Montana. ‘This deed having been performed the Yescued passengers became brave as lions. They ridiculed each other for being timid, and told sto- ries of how persons in perilous situations risked the lives of brave men and courageous women by creating a panic when there was 20 cause for it. fut an old steamboat man, who was present at the time, states positively that those who exhibited the greatest fear during the collision were loude: in their declarations of bravery afterward, Neither the ferryboat nor sloop Was damaged to ang Both of these men had their coats on and had , exieut