The New York Herald Newspaper, January 10, 1873, Page 3

NAPOLEON DEAD, His Majesty Napoleon Il. Expires at His Residence in England, BULLETINS FROM CHISELHURST. Professional Account of the Passing Away of the Ex-Potentate. Sound Sleep During His Last Night in Life. Consultation and Concert for Another Operation. The Patient Collapses and Sinks Sud- denly to Dissolution. "His Son, the Clergy and Personal Friends All ‘‘Too Late.” Engenie and Louis—Their Morning Hepes and Unexpected Grief. The Empress Almost Alone with Her Dying Husband. TIME OF HIS Effeet of the News in Paris, London and New York. DECEASE. Sketches of the Ex-Emperor and the Bonaparte Family. TELEGRAMS TO: THE NEW YORK HERALD, Lonpon, Jan. 9—1 P. M. The ex-Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte the Third died at twenty-five minutes past twelve o'clock this afternoon at his residence, Chisel- burst, Variation of the Time of the Occurrence of the Event. Lonpon, Jan, 9—1:30 P. M. A second despatch from Chiselhurst, just received in this city, says that Napoleon the Whird died at forty-five minutes past ten o'clock this morning. . Medical Bulletin, Lonpon, Jan. 9—3 P. M. The following bulletin from the physicians who were with Napoleon during his last hours has just been issued: — . The ex-Emperor Napoleon slept soundly Jast night—better than on the preceding night. This morning his physicians had a consulta- tion and decided to perform another operation gpon him at noon to-day. At the time at which the consultation was held his pulse was strong and regular at eighty-four beats per minute, At twenty-five minutes past ten o'clock Signs that he was sinking appeared. The action of the heart suddenly failed, and he died at forty-five minutes past ten o’ clock. Sir Henny Tuomrson, M. D. Connzav, M. D. Corvisanr, M. D. Crover, M. D. Hopes of the Morning Quenched in Sud- @en Gloom—Eugenic and the Prince Imperial Previous to the Supreme Moe ment. Lonvor, Jan. 9—Evening. The sudden death of the ex-Emperor Napo- leon took everybody at Ohiselhurst, as well as in London, by surprise. The Empress Eugenie, relatives, personal attendants and member! of the household, ocegey epe e, ‘Gven the physicians, Were napwenared for it, | His ex-Majesty had passed a comparatively comfortable night from Wednesday, his strength seemed undiminished, and Se a 06n- i tn8 ee saltation wed was held early Th ihe morning FE wos thought he could bear a third surgical operation, which was then fully determined upon, Bo great was the confidence felt in the paticnt’s condition that his son, the Prince Imperial, was permitted to return to Wool- wich to resume his military studies. Dr. Gull went to London yesterday, and many of the Emperor's personal friends who hastened to Chiselhurst at the first alarm had setarned to their homes. SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF FATAL SYMPTOMS, There was no reason whatever to appre- hhend a fatal turn in the case up to nine o'clock A. M. to-day, when new and dangerous symptoms suddenly set in, The ex-Emperor's vital forces seemed to Jeave him all at once, and he commenced to sink suddenly and with alarming rapidity. SHE PRINCE IMPERIAL, PHYSICIANS AND CHAP- LAIN SUMMONED—‘‘TOO LATE.’’ A telegram was instantly despatched from Chiselhurst to the Royal Artillery Academy at ‘Woolwich directing the Prince Imperial to re- tarn to his father. Dr. Gull wag summoned from London, and Feather Goddard, the Emperor's spiritual ad- viser, was sent for in the greatest haste to ad- minister to him the last sacraments of the Chnrch, The ex-Emneror'’s nrivate chanlain, NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, JANUARY | 10, 1873.—TRIPLE SHEBT, was also informed of the danger, and started for Chigelhurst, All arrived too late. The Prince Imperial was not to see his father again alive. Dr. Gull and the clergymen had just reached the Park gates at Chiselhurst as the ex-Empe- ror expired. EBUGENIE THE PRINCIPAL PERSON PRESENT. The Empress Eugénie, who has been most constant in her attendance, was the principal person present at the bedside at the last hour. The medical advisers, Sir Henry Thompson and Drs. Corvisart and Clover, and the Em- peror’s old friend, Dr. Conneau, and several members of the household were also present. IN MOURNING. Since the Emperor's death the residence at Chiselhurst has been strictly closed to all but the nearest friends and relatives. WHAT THE DOCTORS SAY. The physicians state that death resulted from causes independent of the surgical opera- tion to which the patient was subjected. It is said that the Emperor’s death was caused by embolism. - THE PLACE OF BURIAL Napoleon's body will be interred at Chisel- hurst until it can be removed to France. THE WIDOW AND HER 60N. Telegrams from Chiselhurst state that the Empress Eugénie weeps continually and re- fuses consolation, Louis, the Prince Imperial, who arrived after his father died, is prostrated with grief. The Feeling in London, Lonvon, Jan. 9, 1873. Although the case of the ex-Emperor Napo- leon was regarded as very serious, the news of his death this morning appears to create much surprise in the minds of the people, as his demise was not believed to be so imminent. A despatch sent from Chiselhurst late last night stated that his condition was un- changed, and another forwarded this morning, but a few hours before his death, announced that he had passed a better night, but that his symptoms remained the same. The event of His Majesty’s demise produces a deep impression in London, where the Em- peror was always personally very popular with the masses, The evening journals publish long obituaries full of expressions of mourning. THE NEWS IN PARIS. Political Party Aspirations and Expres- sion of the City Press. Parm, Jan. 9—Evening. The news of the ex-Emperor'’s death was received in the city at a late hour this after- noon, It is not yet possible to estimate the effect here, ; The imperialists, of course, are profoundly affected and appear to regard the event as a final blow to their hopes. The only evening journal which has any editorial on the subject is the Messager de Paris, an influential finance organ. It closes a brief article with the following tribute to his services:—‘The disasters which have made shipwreck of the Empire will not cause to be forgotten the great services Napoleon has ren- dered to the nation in re-establishing order and developing the prosperity of the country.” None of the other evening papers had time to do more than print the announcement with- out comment. The Paris Bourse. Rentes, at four o’clock P. M., were quoted at 53f. 90c., but closed at 53f. 8c. EFFECT OF THE NEWS IN THE CITY. Among the French Residents. It might naturally be supposed that the news of the death of the man who had figured so largely in the history of their nation; who had done so much for their pet capital, and who, as a French- man, bad left his impress on the age; who had, by 8 pen, revived the history‘of past ages, and had, by his deedg pnd words, contributed food for volumes of interesting and exciting events in the oon me 4 ime, would have created con fy of bis own ie hist ¥ --b ulation. sieerable feeling auwOng our Frew. are The natural supposision proved to be @htirely | te gronnacts. There was, of course, more or less commeat on the news of his death, and the general feeling among Frenchmen of all classes might truly be summed up ip this one sentence—“We are very sorry for his death, but” (with the expressive French shrug) ‘we don’t care.” A prominent member of the Alsace- Lorraine Society, who, by virtue of his position, necessarily mingles very much with all classes of his countrymen, expressed his firm belief that there would be no public expression in relation to the death of the late Emperor. He as- sured the HmRaLD reporter that the people from his section of the country had more reason to feel aggrieved by the actions of Napoleon than those of any other portion of the Empire. They blame Napoleon for the war. He found he was getting unpopular, and he was compelled to bring on the war to give the French people something to play with; but heshonid not have gone into the war an- less he was prepared. Of course it is not in a Frenchman's nature to rejoice at the death of another, but there is no great sorrow for the death, Among the French republicans the feeling was very tersely expressed by one with whom the HERALD reporter conversed in saying, “It would have been better for France if he had died three yearsago.”? Mile, Bousson, who figared extensively in procuring clothing and provisions for tne suffer- ing French during and after the war and since that time in raising subscriptions to aid in the payment of the French debt, was found seated in her office busily engaged in reading the latest French papers. This lady has abundant opportunity to learn the feelings of ner countrymen and coun- trywomen, and her opinion seemed to be fully in accord with that of the republican above quoted; ion until she could see how the people ‘“‘at home” would take it “after to-morrow.” For the purpose of ascertaining how the people generally felt about the news the HERALD reporter took a walk through several sections of the city, and on asking one peculiar looking genticman what he thought would be the result of the death of Napoleon, he exclaimed, “Napoleon dead! My gracious, what a big funeral he’ll have! An awful lot o’ carriages.’ Later in the evening, when the cheap wines in what might be termed the faubourgs of the city began to work upon the brains of the excitable representatives of la belle France the “Marseillaise” could be heard here and there, but was generally quickly stopped, as if even through their excitable nature this sentiment prevailed— NQ mortut nisi bonum, {From the Courrier des Etats Unis of To-Day.) The Death of the Ex-Emperor. Napoleon the Third is dead! As soon as we received the tidings we visited many French resi- dents in this city, whose opinions are worth much consideration, and'-we conversed on the subject of his death; but on all hands the subject was met with indifference, or a bitter and contemptuous smile spoke volumes of satisfaction or disdain, We are convinced that the form of thought begot- ten in France on the receipt of the news is of much the same character as that evinced in this city. Napoleon the Third died at Sedan two years ago and the phantom of Chiselhurst was banished from the French mind, and it is only by the means and devices of a {fey intriguers that a Bonaparte faction has any existence at the present moment, -We have often stated this when the assertion waa made that the Bonaparte influence was still powerful in the ranks of the French army and among the rustic popula- tion of that country. No, there was none; nor was there any sympathy or affection or respect for the man who had brought France to the brink of de- struction. But it may be also said with truth that there existed but little hatred or malice towards him in the minds of those who had most execrated his name. It appeared that although living he was dead, and the oblivien of the past had enslirouded, as it were, his memory, for it carried neither influ- ence nor respect. Thus the man whose name for nearly a quarter of a century had beem on every- body's lips suffered before entering the dark valley of the shadow of death that cruellest of all punish- ments te a man of his temperament—social ob- livion, History will speak impartially, it is to be hoped, of the acts of his reign. We, ourselves, were de- ceived in our hopes as to the salutary effect of his domirion over the French people, and, for the time being, refrain from analyzing tne leading events of the ex-Emperor’s career. At present the question arises, What influence will his death have on the political aspec: of mat- ters in France? None, in our opinion. In the Assembly, and in France generally, the Bonapartist faction—if such a faction does really exist—is in an infinitessimal minority and utterly powerless. The struggle of the moment is between republican and monarchical principles. In the latter’s camp are found the legitimists, or Orleanists, while the Bonapartists piay such a secondary rdle to them that their existence could never be felt until the ex- tinction of the legitimists or Orleanists; but, for- tunately, that possible cause of trouble is now at an end, Cable despatches tell us that the Bonaparte fac- tion et London contemplate sustaining the preten- sions of the Bonaparte dynasty by supporting the claims of the son of the dead ex-Emperor, who was born on the 16th of March, 1856, and who is nqw in his seventeenth year. Nobody in France will give their support to the idea of a regency pendiag the minority of this young man, and, besides this, who could be appointed regent ? Prince Napoleon or the ex-Empress Eugénie? The first is despised on all hands, and the second is known to be a religieus fanatic, who has had a most disastrous effect upon the mind of her husband, weakened by age and sick- Ness, and also by the stormy life he has led. If France desired to be ruled by the Church she would resort to the Bourbons, and not confide her destinies to the hands ofa woman. Now that the personality of Napoleon has vanished from us nothing remains but his memory and a lesson per- taining thereto. The sad heritage of his reign will require long years to liquidate; but it will have taught this usefui pieee of information, that to herself und herself alone must France leok in herhourefneed. In olden times it was said, “The King is dead! long live the King!” and we have said since Sedan, and we again repeat it, “The Emperor is dead! long live the Republic!” (From Le Messager (Fran 0-Americain) of To-day.) Napoleon III. He who for nearly twenty years has been the arbitrator of Europe, he who in his retreat at Chiselhurst caused alarm to Europe at large, is now no more. Before the open grave all animosi- ties, all recriminations, should cease, We will endeavor, therefore, to speak of Napoleon calmly, as if he had not been contemporaneous, and had belonged to a dynasty long past. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1808, that is to say, when the first Empire existed in all its power. As bis mother, Hortense Beauharnais, wife of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, had an unenviabie reputation for light conduct, doubts were thrown on to the question of legitimate birth of the future Emperor. It is certain, however, that the son of Hortense, born with reyal and fortuitious surroundings, naturally became prone to the fatal impressions of imperalism. This might have been averted had he re- ceived strong meral influences, or been SBwayed by the precepts of a virtuous mother. All these moral aids were lacking, and the result of his education was @ powerful and obstinate will, Dutch almost in iis intensity. This strong volition acted the part of moral strength in the character of Napoleon. Add to this qualification strongly developed ambition, which had been fos- tered by his mother from early youth, and, stil SKETCH 0F NAPOLEON IU, Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, ex-Emperor of France, whose death at Chiselhurst, within about three months of completing the sixty-filth year of his life, has just been announced by cable, ‘was born in the Palace of the Tuileries April 20, 1908, and the birth was announc2d through the Empire and in Holland by the roar of artillery. He was baptized by Cardinal Fesch November 4, 1810, the Emperor and the Empress Marie Louise being his sponsors. After Napoleon’s return from Elba his young nephew accompanted him to the Champ de Mal, and was there presented to the deputies of the people and the army, The splendor of this scene left a deep impression on the mind of the boy, then only sevem years old. When Napoleon embraced him for the last time at Malmaison be was much agitated. The child wished to follow hie uncle, and was with difficulty pacified oy his mo- ther, Then commenced the banishment of the family. He began his career in exile, and—singular fa- tality—ended it in the same condition, after filling the eye and ear of the world and occupying the most brilliant throne of Europe for twenty years. All the Kings and Queens of the Bonaparte family or magufacture, except Bernadotte of Sweden, whe proved false to his benefactor, were pro- scribed by the ailies and removed from their thrones, Hortense, with her two sons (the eldest died) had to leave Paris and take refuge in Geneva. Here, however, she did not settle, but after removing to Aix in Savoy, and thence to Augsburg in Bavaria, she at last selected Thurgovia: on the Lake of Constance as the most suitable place fer educating her sons. Here Louis and his brother pnssed the quiet years of their early youth and manhood. Louis’ first preceptor was the Abbé Bertrand, by whom he was instructed in the rudiments of know- ledge. He subsequently studied classics under M. Lebas, since Professor at the Paris Athenwum, While at Augsburg the Prinee acquired a high re- putation at the gymnasium and exhibited con- siderable aptitude for the sciences, as well as for the study of the dead and living languages. He also devoted some attention to chemistry, in which he received instruction hom M. Gaspard, at that period principal manager of a chemical manufac- tory in Switzerland, The military education of the Prince was not neglected, for he became a good fencer and rifieman and an admirable horseman. At the garrison of Constance he received his first lessens in practical drill; and, having joined the camp at Thurr, canton of Berne, he became pro- ficient in artillery practice under General Dufour, a veteran ofthe Empire, At this period of his youth, when freed from study, it was his custom to take pedestrian journeys over the mountains and through the passes, ATTEMPT TO RETURN TO FRANCE. One morning, while tramping enout the hills of Berne, Louls Bonaparte heard ot the French revo- lution of July, 1830, which had just deposed the Bourbon family and elected the “citizen king,”’ Louis Philippe, as ruler of France. The Bonapartes thought their opportunity had come. Letitia, the mother; Cardinal Fesch, Jerome, Hortense and Louis, her son, met in Rome for consultation. The result of the meeting was that the family requested of Louis Philippe permission to come to France. The request was refused. Louis Bonaparte then Degged permission to enlist in the republican army of France as a common soldier. It wasa bit of stage Clap-trap for political effect. Of course it was declined. Leuis Philippe, however, was fool ish enough to demand also that the Pepe should exile the Bonapartes from his domain. The eccle- siastical order of expulsion was disregarded; Louis was arrested by the police in tis mother’s house and sent, under escort of a band of mounted carbiniers, beyond the Swiss frontier. To this act is immediately attributed the dis- turbances which soon after (1831) broke out in the Roman States and which eventuated in the un- successful revolts and severer engagements of that year. Louis and his brother conspired with the revolutionists—the mucieus of the late successful revolutionary element of Italv. Austria. He was banished—tied to Bologna, His brother, Napoleon, defeated there, died suddenly. ‘The news of the death of the one and the critical position of the other reached tortense. She hastened to Ancona and succeeded in rescuing Louis from the Papal and Austrian authorities, She had been from the first aware of the atteuipts of her sons, and, after the death of Napoleon at Faenza, on March 27, 1831, she made her escape from Rome, disguised Louis and hersef, and, evad- ing the Austrians, and French and Pontifical troops, made their escape, landing at Cannes, the very spot where the Emperor Napoleon J. had, sixteen But they were still exiles and it was the official duty of any French agent or arrest them if they were discovered. Their pres- ence was not long concealed from the police of France, and they were no sooner in Paris than the Minister of War, Marshal Soult, was informed by his sples of their presence. Soult immediately re- paired to the King, and thought to explode a bomb- shell under the nose of His Majesty and at the same time show him how efficient were the police of the nation, “Your Majesty,” said Soult, ‘Hortense Bonaparte and her son have escaped from Italy.’’ “I know it,” replied the King. Soult was a little abashed, “But, sire, they have retarned to France.” “So I have heard.” “They are in Paris.” “| am aware of that, too,” replied the King. Soult was reminded that the elder Napoleon had takes good and tender care of the mother and aunt of Louis Philippe when he was an exit, and the question was put to him if Hortense and her son should not be cared for. Soult’s vunity was hort, and he answered “No.” He did not then know that Hortense herself had beaten his spies, and had written rem Cannes to the King, further, those easy morals which he had learned ina corrupt court atmosphere, and, upon careful reflection, the key to the character of Napolcon is clearly evidenced. The reminiscences of the terrible French catas- trophes of 1914 and 1815 weighed lightly in a mind The memory of the calm and daceful Swiss Re public, where his mother took remge and where he became a citizen, had fd charm tor him. The revolution of 1 fired nis ambitious mind, and he tried, but in vain, to enter France, * * © The revolution of 1848 gave Napoleon the chance he had so long been awaiting. Ren- dered wise by experience he at first presented himself asa humble servant of the people and @ devoted supporter of the Republic. * * * Alter the coup adtat the imperial reign was guilty of all manners of contemptible conduct, The nation felt the humilt- ation it was undergoing, and in 1870 the piébiscite was held, But dissatisiaction existed on every hand, and Napoleon played his last card when he declared war upon Germany. He lost, and he showed himself in his real colors when his mask fell and he placed his sword at the feet of the King of Prussia! Subsequently, in his German prison and in his residence in Engiand, he tried to wear the mask once more, apd until the last he had the ex- traordinary audacity to represent himself as being the legitimate Emperor of the French people. This isnot to be wondered at, for his principal merit during life was being a good comedian, and he had been so much applauded by France and the world at large that he could not seriously believe that his role was at an end, when he was removed from the theatre of his exploits! ‘The strangest thing of all is the existence of a Bonapartist party in France, We cam readily un- derstand that all those place-holders who lived on imperial corruption were dissatisfied with the rev- olution of the 4th of September, but their impu- dence in openly expressing their regrets and their hopes deserves the censure of all sober thinking men. Let us hope that the widow at Chiselhurst will “Sire,I am @ mother. There is but one way I could save my son—come to France—and I have come. Iknow the dangers we run; my life and my son’s life are in your hands, Take them if you will.” Louis Philippe and suite finally decidea that must go, Nane-- x vaism WAR id dead in France, ind ifving” representatives of the ‘Napoleonic ideas” could not be tolerated. Louis had fallen sick, and the mother begged a few days’ rest. A week was granted on condition of keeping the strictest seclusion; then they were to return to their old Swiss asylum. Louis had never seen Paris, for when an infant he had been borme away from the Tuileries, his birthplace. It was the anniversary of his uncle's death. From the window of his hotel in the Place Vendome, the column that commemorates him was seen, wreathed with flowers and surrounded by multitudes whose sorrowful cries alarmed the gov" ernment. The mother and her son were ordered to depart, and, carried to the vehicle that was to re- move them, amid cries of ‘Vive Napoleon!” they left for England. HIS BBOOXD EXILE. He continued in London for @ few montus, and then removed to Arenemberg, in Switzerland. From 1892 to 1836 he busied himself in literary pur- suits, and Wrote and published “Political Reve- ries,’ “Political and Military Thoughts on Switzer- land” and @ “Manual of Artillery.” The Duke of Reichstadt being still alive the hopes of the Bona- partist and republican party in France turned to- wards him during the early years of the reign of Louis Philippe, and before the power of that monarch had been consolidated; and thus for a time Louis Napoleon was a secondary character in family. get Tan INSURRECTION OF STRASBOURG, But in 1882 the death of the son of the great Na- poleon left Louis Napoleon heir to the fortunes and the traditions of the empire. In 1836 he planned an attack on Strasbourg, calculating that, if suc- cessful, he could march upon Paris, rouse the pro Alsace and Lothriagen, He gained over a number of adherents to this daring and reckless plan, every- thing seemed favorable, but an unlacy aceident, a division in his followers, one part marching in one have the geod taste not to encourage their odious conspiracies in perverting her gon into the fatai path of ruin, where these miserable beings would conduct him. .If she acts in this manner she will but as to what the probable result of the death of Napoleon would be as regards the Frefch nation the active jittle lady declined to express an opin- gain the sympathies of the world at large and prob- ably some resDect, direction and the other part another, caused the | scheme to miscarry, and the Prince was made prisoner. His punishment wae slight—exile to the United States, Here he remained bat a short time, snug jt wae bis IALEDtiOn 19 Make & Akay Of AAJ The Pepe was too powerful, supported by years before, landed on his escape from Elba. | spy to | vinces and convert to his cause the garrisons of eral years, and he was starting on along tour to explore the central and western portions of this Continent when he received @ letter from his mother which caused his immediate return to Europe. He arrived just in time to receive her last blessing and close her eyes in death, While in this ceuntry he resided in Hoboken, in @ small, sparsely furnished room, and the table, bed and chairs which he used are still preserved there by the keeper of his boarding house as a memento of his distinguished guest. He devoted himself, while thus situated, to study, although he saw not @ little of the interior life of tife city after nightfall. His particular friend and companion was Louis Depew, then one of the leading young bloods of | New York. They were constaatly together and | might occasionally be seen over a bottle of claret in Palmo’s old place at the corner of Duane stre¢t, at that time a famous resort for the bon-vivants of the city. Olu New Yorkers remember having met Inm lounging in the vestibule of the Washington Hotel, which then stood on the present site o! A. T, Stewart's wholesale store. When ne became Emperor Depew was appointed to a highly lucra- tive post in the imperial establishment, and waxed happy and fat through the favor of his friend. New York society was as little impressed by the pres ence in its midst of this child of destiny as it is now by the arrival at Castle Garden of an impecu- nious German count of the Grand Duchy of Schles- wig Switzer-Kase, Napoleon, however, made no effort to court the acquaintance of the republican aristocracy of that day, though he might have done so with abundant “success if he had had the incli- nation, ‘ DRIVEN FROM SWITZERLAND, The government of Louis Philippe, repentant when too late of their former clemency, which allowed Napoleon to see America, and ‘fearing the outbreak of some new conspiracy, demanded that the exile should be expelled from Switzerland; but, as he had been enrolled as a Swiss citizen, the Cantons decided upon resisting the demand as con- trary to their rights as @ free people. The French government pressed their demand by threat, and Louis Napoleon, acting with a wise discretion, sought shelter in England, where he arrived in 1838, The life which Louis Napoleon led in London, from the end of 1838 to the month of August, 1840, was that of a man about town. His days and nights were passed on the turf, in the betting room or in the clubs, where high play and desperate stakes rouse the jaded energy of the dlasé gambler. Still he did not forget his favorite schemes. He was still quietly studying mankind in general aud the British nation in particular, London fine ladies and gentlemen termed him dull and uninteresting, little recognizing the tact aud strength of will which was one day to conduct him to that imperial throne, TE DESCENT ON BOULOGNE. In 1840, impelled by that self-reliance, if not fatal. ism, which marked his character, he undertook to | make another desperate struggie for the Crown | of France. Embarking with Count Montholon and General Voisin, with fifty-three other persons, on board an English steamer, the City of Edinburg, at London, Thursday, August 6, he landed at Boulogne, on the coast of France. The little company marched into | the town at an early heur in the morning and trav- | ersed the streets with cries of ‘Vive UEmpereur!” | The first attempt to win over the troops was made at the guard house, where they were joined by a lieutenant of the Forty-second regiment. The | whole town was thrown into excitement; the Na- | tlonal Guard were ordered out and Prince Louie, with Ins followers, retreated toward the monu- meni, on the hill above Boulogne, called the Co- lonne de Napoleon, where he planted the tri-color, with a golden cagle surmounting the flagstaf. He had taken with him from England a tame eagle, which he had taught to eat ont of his hand, and a sight of which was intended to inflame the enthusiasm of the French. Prociamations had been scattered on landing, announcing that the Bourbon dynasty had ceased to reign, and that M. ‘Thiers was appointed President of the Couaell and ‘M. Clausel Minister of War. But the Prince was surrounded and overwhelmed by superior num- bers and, with all his followers, taken prisoners. | Three hours after the lamdiag they were ail con- fined inthe prison ef Boulogne, with the excep- tion of afew who were shot or drowned in their attempts to escape. The news was telegraphed to Paris and the government proceeded to bring the conspirators to trial beiere the Court of Peers, The Court finally condemned him to imprison. | ment fer life in the Castle of Ham. When he heard the sentence Napoleon said :— “At least I shail have the happiness of dying on the soil of France.’? | He was conveyed a prisoner to the citads! of Ham, where, after the revolution of July, the members of the Polignac administration had been immured, and, after having been confined here six years, | made his escape May 25, 1846, having effected his exit from the castle by assuming as a disguise the dress of @ workman, thereby deceiving the vigi- lance of the guards. Dr. Conneau, who was after- wards, in brighter days, the confidential physician of the Emperor, played a leading part in the man- agement of thisescape. As soon as the escape was discovered Dr. Conneau was arrested, and, being interrogated by the tribunal at Perenne, he frankly gave @ history of the whole affair. It cost him, however, an imprisonment of only three months, LIFE IN ENGLAND, Again England was open to him, and he reap- peared in London, no one suspecting the greatness of his destiny or looking upon him as other than a desperate and rash adventurer, But his long formed design was seldom absent from his mind, and it is related that when Louis Philippe was foolish enough to attempt to-fan up the embers of his own fast fading popularity) by obtaining the consent of the British government for the removal of the remains of the great Napoleon from St. Helena to the Invalides at Paris, _the Pringe called upon an Ambas- fador in Condon, with whont he was personally acquainted, and rubbing his hands joyously tg- i gether exclaimed, “Comme i est bélé, 0. Louis Philippe; t fait mon jeu!” (“What a foel Louis Philippe is; he is playing my hand!”) The result verified the prediction; and when the corruption a} that monz72”’* svstem of government at home and his intrigues abroad, mere especially in Spain, had so exasperated the French people as to lead to the memorable outbreak of February, 1948, and his expulsion from France, one of the first Méasures of the new government, upon the motion of M, Louis Blane, was the nullification ef a decree of exile passed upon all the members of the Bona- parte family. RETURN TO PRANCE. Louis Napoleon was still in London. In the down- fall of the Bourbons he saw his opportunity, but was unable to grasp it immediately. For ten weeks after the abdication of Louls Phillippe he served as a special constable in the streets of London, in de- fence of law and erder during the great Chartist de- monstration of the 10th of April. He arrived in Paris, February 28, 1848, and gave in his adhesion agacitizen. He did not long remain, but retired to England during the pending elections. He was elected and re-elected @ member of the National Assembly by four departments ef the government, and making choice of that of Paris took his seat in the Assembly, amid a scene of great commotion on September 26, 1648. THR RRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC. Napoleon’s career as @ representative was short. On the 27th of October the Assembly, after listen- ing to a remarkable speech from him, fixed upon the 10th of December for the election of a Presi- dent; and Louis Napoleon at once published an ad- dress to the French people as @ candidate for their suftrages. The day of election came, and out of a total vote of 7,360,000 Napoleon received 5,434,226, General Cavaignac and Ledru Rollin obtained the next highest number of votes. Having reached the position of President he sought to strengthen his hold on the French nation and more especially among the soldiery by reviving whenever oppor. tunity offered the most agreeable souvenirs of his uncle’s rule, At the same time he persisted in disavowing all ambitious views and protested constantly against the injustice of such suspicions, He Cajoled the National Assembly until stimulated by the advice, and aided by the energetic action 0 such men as St. Arnaud and Fleury, he, early the morning of December 2, 1851, imprisoned every niguesman ie Paria knqynier bis cublic spirit and —bility, dirsolved the Aasembly, seized the mio distinguished generals suspected of disaffection, and proclaimed himself dictator. A number picked regiments were marched into the streets prevent opposition, and having subdued the cap! tal and possessed himself of every element power, he offered himself to the French people ten years’ election to the office of President. Aq no other candidate was tolerated he was, of course; returned, and afterwards PROCLAIMED A CONSTITUTION which gave him absolute power. This state of things, which was but a prelude to the full accom, plisument of his great aim—imperiai away in name ‘as wellas in fact—lasted buta year. In the Fall of 1852 he made, tours through several of the de< partments of France, and on his return his most devoted adherents in the Senate represented that the cries of “Vive !’Empereur!” with which the President had been greeted during his progresd unmistakably indicated the will of France, and proposed that the question of restoring the Em- pire should be formally submitted to the nation. The proposal was accepted, The French nation by a majority of five or six millions voted the restoration of the Hmpire, which was accord- ingly proclaimed, December 2, 1852. The Prince assumed the style and title of “Napoleon UL, Emperor of the French, by the grace of God and the will of the people.” He was recognised by the English government, afterwards by other Powers, and eventually by the Emperor of Russia and the German sovereigns. The new Emperer showed @ disposition to make ght of the recognition which he desired so ardently, but he was at ‘the same time preparing to compel the acknowledgment of his power in a more effectual and less formal manner. Already his ambassador was asserting at Constantinople those’ claims which brought him into direct collision’ with the Czar, then the virtual ruler of Easternand@ Central Europe. In 1853, when the quarrel seemed@ imminent, Napoleon abandoned so much of his claims as might fairly give cause of complaint to Nicholas as protector of the Greek Church, and thus prepared the way for an alliance of the two Western Powers, which the Ozar could never be- lteve possible. This UNION WITH ENGLAND at once raised the position of the French Emperor. among the sovereigns of the Continent. In 1854 war broke out between Russia, France and Eng- land, and was brought to a close in 1856. Shortly after the capture of Sebastopel the Emperor of the French induced the English government to listem to his view of a pacific solution of the dispute. Tha Emperor married Eugénie Marie de Guzman, Countess de Teba, January 29, 1853, and the only igsue of the marriage is the Prince Imperial Napo- leon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph, born March 6, 1856. On the 16th of April, 1855, the Emperor, ac- companied by the Empress, landed in England, on a visit to the British Court. The Queen invested His Imperial Majesty with the insignia ota Knight of the Garter. Early in 1858 an unsuc- cessful attempt was made on his life by Orsini, who had concocted his plans in England, atded by @ Dr. Bernard, residing in London, In order to concitiate the Emperor Lord Palmerston intro- duced in the House of Commons the Conspiracy to: Murder bill, proposing alterations in the Englist law of conspiracy, and the rejection of this meas- ure led to a temporary suspension of cordial relae tions between the French and Englisir govern- ments. In 1850-60 the Emperor went to Italy at the head of his army to aid Victor Emmanuel against the Austrians, whom he defeated at Magenta and Solferino, and to whom he dictated the peace of Villafranca, by witch Lombardy and the Duchies were ceded to Sardinia, In return Savoy and some neutral Swiss territory were ceded to France. In 1861 he organized his EXPEDITION TO MEXICO for the ulterior purpose, as he afterwards disclosed, of getting a secure foothold in the Western hem- isphere for the Latin races. This was the turm- ing point of his destiny. His Mexican undertake ing was a gross failure, ending in the sacrifice of a noble prince, for whom the whole civilized world mourned, In the early part of 1863 he dallied with Jett Davis, and heid out to England the offer of am alliance for the purpose of interfering in our affairs. In November, 1863, he sent out an imvitation ta the rulers of Europe to a Congress for settling alk international difiicuities, but the thing fell flat. He asserted non-intervention in the Schleswig- Holstein war in 1864, In March of that year an Italian conspiracy against his life was discovered and the conspirators tried and punished, WITHDRAWING FROM ROME. The Emperor concluded September 15, 1964, with the Cabinet of Turin a Franco-Itallan treaty, hav- ing for its object the withdrawal from Rome of the Freneli troops within two years at the latest, o£ sooner if the Papal government should be enabled to organize an army sufficiently strong to defend the territery actually in its occupation, and om i guarantee of the Italian goverment that such ter- ritory should not be attacked from without. In accordance with this agreement preparatiuns were made for the withdrawal of the French troops, and the last detachment retired December 11, 1866. Im May, 1865, he made a trip to Algieria and issued @ proclamation to the Arabs, which was supposed at the time to have @ sooth- ing effect upon the children of the desert/ In June, 1866, his second volume of the “Life of Cesar’’ appeared and was extensively reviewed by, the press. In July, 1866, he made his frst demand on Prussia for a rectification of the Rhine frontier, which Prussia rejected. At this time the famous secret treaty with Bismarck occurred, and the question of the Luxemburg fortresses was on the tapis, Napoleon sent assurance to England that France did not demand any Belgian fortresses, In September, 1866, his health became a source of much anxiety in Paris. He made A JOURNBY TO BIARRITZ, and was the object of much devoted loyalty of ex- pression from the towns through which he passed, In January, 1867, he astonished France and the world by proposing measures of reforim in his sya fem of absolutism. He ordered that the address from the Chambers in reply to the speech from the throne be discon- tinued, granted to the legislative body the right of questioning the government, proposed the offence of the press be tried in the correctional courts, that the stamp duties be reduced, and that the right of the people to meet in public be limited only by those regulations necessary tor the publia safety. The members of the Cabinet tendered their resignations on the promulgation of this decree, In this year the Universal Exposition was opened and drew all the world and his wife to Paris. & number of the reigning sovereigns accepted the nospitality of the Tulleries, and Napoleon seemed to have reached the very culmination of power and glory. The reforms he proposed, in place of satis fying the discontented element among the French people, made them more incensed against tmperial rule, and from this point may be reckoned the sec- ond stage in the decline and fall of Napoleon, At Vincennes he was inaulted bya number of work- men, and in January of the following year, 1868q, the “Reds” issued a proclamation against Bim. Prince Napoleon, who was at this period toying with the liberal party, resolved om issuing 8 pam phiet on the affairs of France, but was prohibited by order of the Emperor. In February, 1870, Victos Noir wasshet. Napoleon isaued a decree convor- ing the High Court for THE TRIAL OF NOIR’S MURDERER, Prince Pierre Bonaparte, who, however, was ac- quitted, to the intense indignation of the reds, Rochefort’s Lanterne had already succeeded in stirring up @ feeling against Napoleon that boded ili to the imperial dynasty. To restore his popus larity and secure a firmer hoid on his throne the Emperor caused the text of # new constitution ta be issued, and in May, 1870, he submitted @ piédis: cite to the peeple, which was ratified in the usual, way. This did not quite satisty Napoleon. He felt that his dynasty still stood in peril; so he peneda quarrel with Prussia, hoping to win an easy tre ‘umph over that Power, secure the Rhine frontier, extinguish in the glory of his conquests the tng discontent of the reds and make sure or hist rade succession to the throne. Here was the third, LemaR CROWNING BLUNDER of his policy, July 23, 1870, he lasued & proclamase CONTINUED OM TENTH PAGH