The New York Herald Newspaper, December 25, 1872, Page 6

JOURNALISM. wr. Frederic Hudson’s Book on American Newspapers. The Press of the United States, from 1690 to 1872. INITIAL NEWSPAPERS AT BOSTON. Harris’ “Pablick Qvcurrences” and Campbell's “News Letter.” THE COLONIAL PRESS. Press and the Revolution. *The The Political Press and Class Journals. DAILY JOURNALISM. ‘The Traasition Period in News- paper History. NEWS-GATHERING ANDO THE HERALD. Mr, Frederic Hudson’s long promised book on ‘Journeiism in the United States” has come from the press at last. The history of the news- paper press of America was a subject which was much in need of the treatment which Mr. Hudson das given it, No one had ever before attempted to gather the many scattered facts which comprise She annals of journalism, and, in newspaper Phrase, to ‘boil them down’ into a condensed and connected story. And we doubt whether most men would have succeeded in making @ readable ook. Some writers would have been too prolix, Others too theoretical and others still too much inclined to treat one branch of journalism at the ®xpense of other branches. Every one familiar ‘with the routine of a newspaper oifice can appre- ciate this dificulty. On a paper like the HERALD the political editor would fill its columns with Politics; the city editor speaks loudly, but with a certain modulation in his tone, of the value of city ews; the money editor is certain that anything he may say of stocks and gold is vital to the mate- rial interests of the country; the foreign editor Knows that all his readers are dying to read that excellent letter from our correspondent at the Other end of nowhere; the writer of social articles for the editorial page declares that society will go to pieces unless he is heard; the theatrical critic becomes furious it his profound critique on this or that actor—sometimes more especially this or that actress—is “cut down”’ or “left out,” and the chief of every other bureau puts exactly the same esti- mate on his “matter.” But, after all, these gentle- men in the end bow before the ukase of. the news editor, and accept with what grace they may his imperial decree as to what “must go in,’? what can “keep” and what may as well be “cancelled.” It ‘was in bringing to his task the ready decision and sound judgment of the Czar of the sanctum, and a thorough knowledge of the special needs and re- quirements of a great newspaper that enabled Mr. Hudson to execute it so well. There is not a dull page in his book. His sentences are as crisp and lear as the frostwork of December. His style, ‘always unpretending, is never feeble, and there is no mistaking his meaning. It is the newspaper style applied to a book on newspapers. The best notion we can give of Mr. Hudson’s treatment of his subject | is in supposing the HERALD printed every day from 1690 to 1872, and that the whole of it was condensed ®y a master hand into this volume. Even in his ‘humor Mr. Hudson ts true to the instincts of his | Journalistic education. This is especially apparent @n his treatment of the New York Sunday press. After tracing, in a few interesting sentences, the Bistory of the Sunday Morning News, started in 2532, Mr. Hudson says :—*Its day of publication was ‘hanged from Sunday to Saturday. Then it died.” Speaking of the early days of the Sunday At/as he eays ‘Fell fellout and John F, Ropes was roped 4p, and then the firm was Herrick, West & Ropes.’’ ©! Herrick—frst an Alderman and then a Con, @ressman—he observes :—‘‘For obvious reasons he was called & deacon.” The Sunday Globe, started 4n 1843 by two actors, was “a star engagement oniy.”” Mike Walsh.and Enoch E. Camp's Sunday Knickerbocker died “‘after its one pot of ale.’ The Sunday Age, founded by Grattan, the actor, ‘soon disappeared from the footlights.” William T. Por- ter, the founder of the Spirit of the Times, is “the @all son of York.’ Mr. Bennett ‘was a walking @ewspaper,” Mr, Greeley “let himself out at a cheap rate to Thurlow Weed and the Albany politi- | cians to make a splurge witi the ‘Log Cabin’,” and | he does not forget tiiat Mr. Raymond was Greeley's | “little villain,” for he says “epithets always stick.” | ‘These allusions afford an excellent notion of the eprightiiness of treatment Mr. Hudson has given | €o his subject; but, while he is nevef duli or heavy, | fhe does not overlook the weightier matters in the history of journalism. He gives us roast beef as ‘Well as the sauces which make it piquant, and his | Gessert dishes sre plum pudding as well as cham- Magne jelly. THE METHOD OF MR. HUDSON'S WORK. In entering upon his work Mr. Hudson regards Puck as the first telegraph operator and Watts’ #®tanza on the “Busy Bee” as the proper eulogy of ‘the newspaper reporter. In following up his sub- Sect he shows how comple‘ely he was inspired by the lines of Ebenezer Elliott, the great corn law | mhymer:— ‘The Prone all lands shail sing; ‘The Press, the Press we briny All lands to bless © pallid wavt, O labor stark, Behold we bring the second ark— ‘The Press, the Press, the Press! Accordingly his task is to him a constant source f gratification, and he pursues it with the Patience of a news-gatherer and the ardor of in- @piration. Steam is to him potent with life and action, and the telegraph tue sensitive nerve of @he earth which makes all lands neighbor and all men kin. The past is valuable because the present ds the gilt of the past, and the present delicious be- cause it dimly reveals the light and jife of the . fuvare. Shakspeare is at once the most crisp and the most ornate of reporters, and the author seems to say, with Heury VILL, as be comtempilates a good Wewspaper, T wish no other herald, No other speaker of my living acvona, To keep mine honor trom corruption, But such an honest chronicler. It is thus he sets himself about the duty he hed Mmposed upon himeelf, but he forges his diversified @naterial Into shapes as perfect and forms as fitting ws the mechanic who fashions steel and iron into Parts that make one harmonious whole ef an en- gine which breathes and snorts with the intellt- @ence of being. No mere blacksmith can make the @oild metal 60 smooth and certain in every mnove- gent, for it requiros the soul of the poet as well as @he touch and kill of the artist, The same quall- | ties characterize Mr, Hudson's work, and while he { sels the poetry of journalism he shows the prac- | ical skill of the journalist. Tne method of his | Dook is as plain as bis treatment of his subjects ts | NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1872.-WITH SUPPLEMENT, Mark the real epochs of American journaliem. The first of these is the period from 1690 to 1704, when the tnitial experiments were made in eatab- lishing nevspapers. The colonial preas and the Revolutignary press follow next in order, With the overthrow of British domination. eame the political party press and class interest publications. Somebody has remarked that the year 1833 was the year of paradoxes, It was a year in which the air ‘| seemed impregnated with change and marked the transition period of journalism, The next few years developed the cheap press of Newe¥ ork into the independent journal and the genuine news- Paper devoted to the gatnering of news. These 81X epochs are as follows:— 1690-—1704—1755—1783—1833—1835—1872, “All kinds of newspapers,” says Mr. Hudson, “with all sorts of characterfstics, are embraced in these ‘epochs. We find every interest with its organ—each has its circle like the oak, its strata like the earth, its policy like the political party, its cycle like the sun.” 5 THE FIRST AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS—1690-1704, The first American newspaper had a name which aptly describes the real business of journalism, It Was printed at Boston and was called Publick Oc- currences, The name of its projector was Benjamin Harris and the span of its existence one day. It was issued on Thursday, September 25, 1690, and the publisher promised to ‘‘take what pains he can to obtain a faithful narration * * * * of such consider- able occurrences as have arrived unto our notice.” What editor can promise more even now? And the difference between the promise and the perform- ance is more in the facilities than in the intent. It is @ noteworthy fact that this first American news- Paper was printed ten years before the first at- tempt at a public journal was made at Dublin. It ‘was fourteen years earlier than the publication of the famous News Letter at Boston, Harris’ Publick Occurrences was suppressed by the Legislative As- sembly because it contained “reflections of a very high nature,” and a pres law was passed as nox- jous in every way as the censorship under Napoleon TIL. or in the Islandof Cuba, Any person who has not tried the experiment will be surprised at the aiMeuity of procuring o fitting name for anew journal—a name at once pleasant in sound and descriptive of the contents of the paper. It is easier to name a new play thana new newspaper. Either the title has been used 80 often as to be threadbare, or, like Public Occurrences and The News Letter it is cumbrous to the tongue and disagreeable to the ear. In this respect, as well as in the purpose of a newspaper, as indicated by his first venture, Mr. Harris approved himself a true journalist; for after returning te London he started @ paper which he called 7he Post—a name still in common use, but too often mere proper for @ farmyard portal than a live journal. <A copy of the London Gazette was reprinted by William Brad- fard in 1696, but the Boston News Letter was tne forerunner of THE COLONIAL PRESS—1704-1755, The appearance of this journal, April 24, 1704, Mr. Hudson tells us was a “sensation”—the beginning of sensational journalism, It was “printed by au- thority” every week. The editor and publisher was John Campbell, the Postmaster at Boston, The difference between his case and many of the postal editors of to-day is that he was a postmaster who became an editor while now editors too often be- come postmasters. When Campbell was removed from the Post OMice, Wiliam Brooker, his succes- sor, started the Boston Gazette, and then began the first “paper war.” “I pity the readers of the new paper,” said Campbell; ‘its sheets smell stronger of beer than of midnight oil.” Like bat- tles have continued to follow each other in rapid succession up to the present time. From 1719 to 1739 the Gazette was owned and published by not fewer than five postmasters. The first effort-at re- | porting was for the News-Letter soon after its establishment. It was an execution of six pirates on the Charles River, June 30, 1704, and even contained “the exhorta- | tion to the malefactors,” “as near as it | could be taken in writing in the great crowa.’” The first Jenkins made his appearance also in the | News-Letier, February 22, 1776. It was a descrip- | tion ofa maskea ball which was to take place at | the Boston Concert Hall on the 11th of March. In | speaking of this “grand affair” the paper said, “ten capital cooks are already-engaged in prepar- | Ing supper for the masquerade, which is to be the most brilliant thing ever seen in America.” Thus we gee that even before the Revolution ‘fashiona- bie intelligence” was toothsome, reporting had be- come oue of the fine arts, and “interviewing” was possibie. THE REVOLUTIONARY PRESS—1755-1783, We have not the space.to treat of matters so well known as Franklin’s journalism, or to trace the history of the Colonia! and Revolutionary press, Both are bound up together, and the one is the child of the other. Says Mr. Hudson:—“A, D, 1743 opened the campaign fer 1776.” In that | year Samuel Adams, who first characterized England as a “nation of shopkeepers,” started the Independent Advertiser, He was assisted by a club of ardent young rebels who gave full rein to free thought and free speech. It is said this paper published the sermons of Jonathan Mayhew, the founder of American Unitarianism, as the HERALD now publishes the discourses of all the leading preachers of the metropolis, But 1755 was the true | beginning of the Revolutionary epoch, for in that year the Stamp act went into effect. The Inde. | the great organ of the Revolutionary party. As years rolled on after the Stamp act was passed, the Boston massacre, the tea tax, the closing of the port of Boston, the letters of Governor Hutchinson, the measures o: the provincial goverument and the conduct of the British soldiera were topics that were treated with much ability and gave ag great an impulse ‘to journalism as to the spirit. of liberty. The Newport Mercury, the oldest of existing American journals, was early active in the good cause, and among the most notable of its Revolutionary articles is a doleful ac- | count of Arnold's treason and the execution of Major Andre. Charles Carroll, of Carroliton, was one of the journalists of the Revolutionary period, writing mostly for the Maryland Gazette, and Thomas Jefferson was the real founder of the Vir- ginia Gazette, There were also loyal journals, notably Rivington’s Royal Gazette, published in | New York, to which Andre was a frequent con- | tributor, and in which his “Cow Chase” first ap- | peared. This paper was often very witty, and | Freneau, the Revolutionary poet, then editing a paper in Philadelphia, saiirized it as a vadly | printed journal, in regard to which perhaps, would be frightened and fret arricd ou the Gazette, editor Satan commanded :— | “Kneei down! for your merits f dub you a knight; | From a passive subaltern [ bid you to rise | The inventor, as well ay the printer, of lies.” ; Assoon as the Revolution was over the party press took its rise, and it has continued with | waning fortunes upto tne present day. William Cobhett’s Porcupine was among tke most notable of these political pablications; but as party organs none of them have any claims upon us for ex- tended consideration, We rather choose to hurry on to | THE PIRST DAILY NEWSPAPER, | The first day newspaper published inthe | United States was the American Daily Advertiser. It } Was issued in Philadelphia in 1784 by Benjamin Franklin Bache, and was afterwards called the Aurora, It supported the measures of Washing- ton’s administration, and was more especially the | orgau of Alexander Hamilton. Zachariah Poulson | beeame its proprietor and publisher in 1832, and it | was then kuown as Poulson’s Advertiser, It is now the North American and Daily advertiser, Morton MeMichael, the temporary chairman of the recent Philadelphia Convention, being its editor. The firat daily paper printed in this city was the New York Datly Advertiser, which was begun in 1785. Freneau was at one time its editor, and one of its first “beats was the account of the aquatic pro- cession when Washington came over from Eliza- betnport, in April, 1789, to assume the duties of the Presidency. Ofcourse, it was not so elaborately | dope as the reception of Priuce Alexis, but it was A pretty piece Of sensational reporting for all that, precise, Beginning with the first newspaper ever Printed in this country—Purtick Occurrences, is- | ®ued at Bogion in 169%—he traces the history of | every newspaper of importance up to the present | Aime, not only as so many journals but as marking | Le crowt) of jonrnajism iy this country. Six eras | Mr. Hodson gives 4 very full account of these jour- nails and of the wrjlers who at diferent times were engaged upon thentand follows with accounts of several other notable journals and journaliste, The National Gazette of’ Philadelphia was the lead- ing democretic paper in Washington's time, | pendent Advertiser became the Boston Gazette and’ dt | years written by Ny, 2 was started by Freneau in 1701, and it is said Jefferson dictated some of the most virulent articles against Washington and his policy. Fre- heau was & remarkable man and a versatile journalist, and, notwithstanding he had been the poet of the Revolution, he was also the Miles O'Reilly of the War of 1812. He perished in @ snow storm near Freehold, N. J., in 1832, The Massachusetts Mercury and New England Palladium first developed the system of gathering marine intelligence which is so notable and unique a fea- ture of the HERALD. Its marine reporter was Harry Brake, a journeyman printer, who preferred Picking up items to picking type. He made the de- partment indispensable. He knew ali about the mercantile marine of Boston, and could give the history of every veasel belonging to that port from her launch till she ceased to float, He put his own news in type, and distanced all his competitors in ‘Bathering intelligence, His fame became almost a8 great as that ofthe distinguished journalists of a later day, After long service on the Palladium he was induced to come to New York to arrange the shipping news—frst for the Journal of Commerce and afterwards for the Express. Like many other great men in their native villages, he failed on both journals and went back to Boston to die, disgusted with the metropolis, Noah Web- ster’s journalistic experience is another interest- ing topic, hia paper, the Minerva, founded in 1793, becoming in the end the Commercial Advertiser, upon which Colonel Stone made his great success, and Thurlow Weed his last effort at political jour- nalism, Mr, Hudson also writes pleasantly of the Evening Post and the Courier and Enquirer, which he lasses as two remarkable newspapers, as they certainly were in their day. OFFICIAL, ORGANS IN WASHINGTON. ~A chapter is devoted to the newspapers which have been printed at Washington since 1800. Until the HERALD revolutionized the whole system of newsgathering these national organs were of the utmost importance, When that revolution was: effected the National Intelligencer ceased to exist and the Daily Globe began to be read only by Congressmen anxious to peruse their own speeches in full, or victimized by other members into read- ing efforts of learned length and thundering sound, To-day the Washington journals have only a local circulation and are without influence out of the District, Most people do not know their names and fewer still their political bias, But the story of the Washington press would fila vowume. It is the history of the intrigues of many administra- tions, and what the papers did not tell in their day ig even more interesting than what they printed. Clay, Jackson, Uaihoun, Duff Green, Blair, Benton, Rives, Gales, Seaton and many other names beieng to its history and make it alive with the figures which once stalked so constantly on the stage of politica, Mr, Hudson, however, does not appear to have had a very high opinion of the journaiism ofany of these men, as is illustrated by an anec- dote he tolls of the elder Blair, He says:—‘With the simplicity of a tyro in journalism Blair one day im 1866, during the Fremont campaign, asked, ‘How does Bennett manage the HERALD? It is @ really wondertul paper. He don’t seem to mix with the politicians, but he appears to know everything that is going on around him,’ ‘Very easily,’ answered the gentleman addressed. ‘He knows the wants of the people. He understands the politicians by experience and instinct. He does not want any office. He attends to his business. He is full of tact and enterprise, and knows how to make a good newspaper.’ ‘Ah!’ exclaimed Blair, Thus the thunderer of the Globe learned that it was not as an organ alone that a newspaper became suc- cessful and influential.” Yet these men were pow- erful in their day, and most of them grew rich, A paragraph which went the rounds of the press twenty years ago was to this eflect:— Just look at the luck of the Washington city editors. Gales has acountry seat; Seaton has a country seat; Blair has Silver Springs; Rives, the Duelling Ground; Kendall has a place near town; Major Liciss owns @ fine place; Mr. Kichie pur- chase.i the splendid mansion fronting Latayette square and the White House; General Dail Green hae a number of places, including a large interest in the Cumberland coal mines, These men were great in the day when political | journalism was a power, and they will always be regarded with interest as the hangers-on of the republican court—the members of the kitchen cabinet—but nothing will be clearer evidence that none like them will follow them than the rapid decay and present insignificance of the Washington ress. pret GLANCE AT MR, HUDSON'S SPEOTAL TOPICS. One of the special topics to which Mr. Hudson devotes a chapter is the religious press. Beginning with the Boston Recorder of Nathaniel Willis, he goes through the list, relating many interesting facts of many well known religious journala. Class- papers, such as the agricultural newspapers, the sporting papers, the commercial and fnan- cial press; the anti-slavery journals, the Journals advocating the fights or sup- posed rights of women; indeed, organs of every creed and philosophy come in for @ part of his notice. Particular papers, as the Hartford 7imes and the Providence Journal, are treated at length. Among these we may name Prentice and the Louisville Journal, Bowles and the Springfleld Republican, the Greens and the Boston Post, James Watson Webb and the Courter ana Enquirer, Thurlow Weed and the Albany Journal, Edwin Cresswell and the Albany Argus, Hale and Hallock and the Journal of commerce, Nathan Hale and the Boston Advertiser, Forney and bis “two papers, both daily,” and George W. Childs, of the Philadelphia Ledger. The journals of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, Cin- cinnati, Chicago and other leading cities are all reviewed. We can give scarcely more than a glance at the scope of Mr. Hudson's work, but to do more than this would be to do little less than repeat what he has done. THE TRANSITION AND THE. IERALD. Tie penny press of America dates from 1833, ‘The Sun was among the first of the cheap papers. Soon afterward came the HERALD, Alter it followed the Tribune, Times, and World, all beginning as one cent papers. On Wednesday morning, the 6th of May, 1835, the initial number of the MORNING HERALD was issued by James Gordon Bennett & Co. The second number did not appear till the 11th of May. It was a day of struggle, but we prefer to let Mr. Hudson tell the story of that ordeal, Speaking of this second number, he follows it with some things that all our readers may care to look at now, saying:— The editor then promised to “give a correct pic- ture of the world—in Wall street—in the Ex- change—in the police oMce—at the theatre—in the opera—in short, wherever human nature and real life best displays their freaks and vagaries.” This romise, like the famous order of Geueral Scott to urn Cerro Gordo in his Mexican campaign, has been fally carried out, ‘Thus originated the New York HERALD, All the brain work of the new paper was per- formed by its editor. The leading articles, the police reports, the literary intelligence, the ‘pun- gent paragraphs, the news from abroad and from ome, the account bo the bills, the clerks’ duties in the office, wei written, prepared, ar- Tangel, made out and rmed by Mr. Bennett, The columns of the litt t were filled with the culiar pointe and hits and predictions which ave ever since characterized the HERALD. In one of the first numbers, for instance, he sala:— The New York and Erie Railroad ist afew days. We hope they will break Sotntog bet - Since that paragraph was written the Erie Rail- road has dene avast deal more than simply break- ing ground for its roadway, as Jay Gould, J. Fisk, dr, and the English shareholders can amply testity, Such paragraphs were frequent and prophetic. Many of the advertisements even were written by the editor for the advertize: He did not en- dorse them, as in the olden time, when tne editor Ol @ newspaper was printer and publsher, as well as writer, Then the advertisements would read, “I want a cookmaid for merchant.” “If any one will sella free estate, within thirty miles of Lon- don, with or without @ house, to the value of £100 @ year, or thereabouts, I can help to a customer.’’ “+A fait house in Kastcheap, next to the Flower-de- liz, now in the tenure of a smith, with a fair yard, laid with freestone, and @ vault underneath, with a cellar under the shop done with the same stone, is to be sold; | have the disposal of it.’ “Mr. D. Rose, chirargeon and man-midwife, lives at the first brick house on the right hand in Gunyard Houndsditch, near Aldgate, London. I have known him these twenty years.” It would scarcely do nowadays for the editor of the HERALD to under- take, with the present pressure of advertisements, to write them, and eudorae tuem, too, in the above free and cusy style. ‘ While engaged in organizing his establishment he did not lose sightol Wall street, the financial , centre of the nation, On the 11th of May, in his second number, he introduced an entirely new fea- ture in American journalism—the money articies; and these articles, thas originated and tor many chuett, became famous throughout the commercial and financial circles of Europe and the United States, and the public, See with ‘money te. ap - well fg | bulls and bears, have derived great beneft having the financial affairs of the world daily spread roe ine easna ane Sk Soak ak, Vv bey they became an eats wae mate gg 4 1 ance with time, experience and events, Mr. \- nett had made ical economy a study, end was peeuliarly fitt for the task of inte! mtly de- seribing the transactions and operations in the financial world, On one or two occasions he de- livered public lectures on this interesting science in the old chapel of thie Reformed Dutch church, which on the gormer of Ann and Nassau stree jew York city, Bat first Wall street report—what was it? bp is, taken from the HeRALD of Monday, May MONEY MARKET. Stocks are somewhat shaken since the late arrivals The winding up of three or four United tes Branch Banks makes dealers pause as to the future operations of the money market, On Saturday railroads started two or three per cent. ‘New York, Phiiadey hia, Baltimore, Boston, are all on the qui vive about stock. Speculation in this article was never so flourishing, ‘The rise is greatest in fancy, stocks or new banks, such as Morris Canal, Baltimore Canton Company, Kentucky Northern Bauk, and esp rallyoads, © hat is the cause of these movements? How long will they lastr’ Who will be losers? Who the winners? ‘this uncommon rise in the stock market is not pro- duced by accident. A secret col f our large capitalists in the commercial c; of 0 ities, ‘avatiing themselves of the political and commercial eve! Hf the ti could $5 ‘nstonished. the easily produce th culation that asi tt the I H three monies It is @ univergal law of trade that if an article is made scarce it will rise; if lenty it willfall, A dozen controlling ten y or thirty principal banks i chief cities, can ¢ just.as they chore. Money's soxrke stocks of ail kinds fall) ‘The. confeder- y ‘ates buy in at low prices; loan money to the merchants Siso at two or three per’ cent. per month. This 1s one Sppeon. ‘The next movement is to set on foot the mar chinery to raise stocks, which can be effected by permit- ting the banks to loam money oerally. the merchants at large. Stocks then will begin to rise, slowly at first, but faster and faster as the speculators lead the way. When the contederi have got rid of all their fancy stocks at high prices to merchant all dei or any body not in the secret, then they in sec! to pre- pare fora fall, This is done by a eral imulta- heous curtal nt of discounts by banks, which soon knocks down stocks, ruins thousands and raises the value thus fur- f mone; O ree per cent per moni Sishing siws as either falling or rising, the knowing ones an oprorsa ‘to make at least thirty per cent on their capt al all year rot ‘his ig truth, and we seriously advise young merchants and dealers to be careful, Who can tell’but at this very moment two de moneyed men in our commer- wereate hove aattaboady appoimed the very wosk, day, even the hour, wh new movement will com: mence, which will lown stocks twenty to forty er cent a month? When the April weather articus iry sweet and soft, look out for a storm the next day. ‘There were no stock sales given till the 14th of May. On the previous day there had been a fall of two to four per cent on some di tion of fancy stocks In Wall street, “the railroads especially.” We append the sales of that day for the ope: of to look over and compare with the and bond sales nowadays. ‘hat a chai names and kinds and amounts! then extended to Harlem River only. But the Wall street curiosity SALES AT THE STOCK EXCHANGE MAY 13,_1835, 25 shares United States 12 100 shares Union Bank. 06. any. 05} Railroad Company. ited Railroad Company. 104'g 150 126% 1 By 10 shares American Marine 50. 20 shares American Marine 80 shares Jersey Railroa 50 shares State Marine Insurance Company. 150 sharcs Jackson Marine... 40 sharex Washington Mari 900 shares Farmers’ Loan, time. 110 shares East River Instirance. 25 shares Manhattan Gas Company. 60 shares Manhattan Gas Company, 150 shares Mohawk Railroad Company 500 shares Utica and Schenectady Railroad, open- On the 23d of July, 1835, the HERALD stated that it was “tho only paper in the city which gives au- thentic and correct daily reports of Wull strect Operations, stocks and the money market.” This was the beginning. We cannot follow him through this history, even though it is the history of the RERALD. Our readers know dt well, as for years they have read it in the HERALISS own broad pages. They know of the fire of 1835 and the second start, of the early news ar- rangements In Europe, of the struggle between the new and the old class of journals, of the famous.alli- ance against this paper todeprive it of the newsand its results, of its triumphs in the Mexican war, of the achievements of its war correspondents during the rebellion, of its wonderful enterprise every- where, in America, in Europe, in Asia and in Africa ; of its Anglo-Abyssinian ‘‘beat,”’ and of the great and successiul search for Dr. Livingstone: All these things are matters of history, and Mr, Hudson has treated thém assuch. He has followed the same course with the other New York journals, and has iuterspersed his pages, besides, with very excellent remarks bearing upon the theory and Practice of journalism. His large practical ex- perience peculiarly fitted him for this task, and his work is completed in a manner exceedingly satis- factory to the profession to which it is a tribute. It is indispensable to every reader of a newspaper, or it makes him/better acquainted with the silent influence he holds in his hands, and teaches him to appreciate the brain power which created and sus- tains the journalism of the United States. FATAL APFRAY BEIWEEN SCISSORS GRIND. Henry Seigier, a scissors grinder, residing at 79 Riage street, New York, on' Monday wight visited the residence of his brother, 22 Cook street, Wil- lMamsburg, and there found assembled a large num- ber of his fellow citizens. The occasion was made @ merry one by (he women present, who furnished whiskey and other vile stimulants without stint ; but the merriment did not long continue. Becom- ing crazed with the benzine the entire party—men and women—engaged in 8 free fight, which con- tinued until Henry Seigler found that he had sus- tained five stab wounds in his leit arm, and an- nounced the fact to the depraved revellers. The bulk of the then separated and the Hele of the Sixth precinet were notified of the tragedy. When the officers entered the habitation they found Seigler ae from loss ot blood, and he expired before midnight for want of prompt surgical attendanee. The police then proceeded to arrest those whom they had Teason to believe participated in tae ne affray, and before two o'clock yesterday morning they suc- ceeded in hte, at their residence, Oakland street, Greenpoint, Frederick Weir, his father, John Weir, and a woman named Mary Reilly, who stands in the relation of a wife to him. The are detainea in the Stazg street station house, to await the result of the Coroner’s inquest. The prisoners deny any knowledge of the cutting. ‘The entire Pere belong to the most depraved class of Williams- urg society. A BROKER KILLED BY A BAIL OAR, Early last Saturday evening Mr. Silas ©, Sea- man, & broker, thirty-five years of age, while at- tempting to step on the front platform of a Belt Railroad car, foot of Wall street, slipped and fell with his left leg on the track. Before he could re- cover himself the front wheel of the car passed over it, crushing the benes of the leg in a terrible manner. Mr. Seaman was immediately taken w and removed to the Park Hospital, where he die early yesterday morning. The remains of Mr. Sea. man, Who was a native of this city, aud unmarried, will be removed to his late home, in Flushing, L! L, for interment, Coroner Young was notified to hold an inquest over the remains. AS BAD AS ROBBING THE DEAD, On Monday night, or early yesterday morning, some thief or thieves entered the laundry attached to St. Barnabas’ Hospital, one of Newark’s noblest and most straggling charities, and stole a large quantity of bed clothing, re Ins, towels, &c. Each piece is marked, so the robbers wiil have hard wretches work to convert the plunder into money. Robbin the living under such circumstances as surround St. Barnabas’ is as bad, ff not no worse, than de- spotling man’s eyes of their proverbial pennies. ii REPORTED DEFALOATION. At the close of business hours yesterday a report was current in Wall street that a defalcation had taken place In one of our leading city banks, but as there were so many Wild syrmises afoat and so few tangible facts, we refrain Irom a the vague details on the subject as rumored. A reporter of the HERALD called late last night at the residence of Mr. W. A. Camp,'the President of the Clearing House, but he stated emphatically that he was ignorant of any such state of affairs. SALT WATER FOR THE CITY, A meeting of the Committee of Public Works of the Board of Aldermen was held yesterday in the chamber of the Board for the purpose of listening to proposals for utilizing salt water for the @xtin- ee of fires, Various plans were considered, neluding one irom the oilice of Charles H. Has. well, consulting engineer, who recommended a extension of the Fire Department and an enlarge. ment of the Croton supply, Which was deemed by hia amply sufficient. The committee arrived at no decision, aud Will report to a meeting of the Board. ‘CAPITAL SOCIETY. Coming Glory for Local * Jenkinses. A FIGHT FOR A COOK. Most Delightfal Meals in Prospect—The Galaxy of Fashion in a Joint High Fash- ionable Hubbub. Wasuincron, Dec. 24, 1872. Nowhere except im the old barontal halls and cosey country homes of Old England is the time- honored Christmas so generally and heartily cele- brated as in this national metropolis of ours. The cavaliers of Virginia and the Catholic first set- tlers of Maryland, who resided hereabouts before George Washington selected the location of the city which bears his name, used to gather around crackling yule logs to indulge in holiday sports and dhaf large bowls of apple-toddy or of egg-nog. And although the infusion of the Puritan element in later years has blotted out many ancient cus- toms, our Northern-born citizens enter with merry hearts into the social interchange of Christmas festivities, ° Fortunately for the enjoyment of our own people, Congress has adjourned over, and scores of charm- ing private entertainments can be given this week by the resident government officiats, without hav- ing to invite the three hundred Con- gressional strangers within our gates when- ever the fags wave over the Capitol at noon, to denote that either house is at work. Woe be unto the head of department or of bureau who then gives any kind of a ball, party or social dance without inviting every Senator and Repre- sentative, with the wives and daughters of those who have them. “No invitation—no vote” is the maxim, and when an appropriation bill comes up in which a forgetful host is interested the for- gotten Congressmen take their revenge by op- posing it. But this year there will be A WEEK OF DELIGHTFUL BREAKFASTS, charming dinners and carpet dances, with famous suppers at which the terrapin, canvas-backs and champagne will be enjoyed by those who can ap- preciate them. Even the diplomates will enter joy- ously into the festivities of “Nod,” and enjoy the good cheer to be provided in the octagonal dining room of sir Edward Thornton, or at the hospitable home of the Gurneys, or with the Gastrells on the distant heights of Georgetown. There are an un- usual number of unfiedged attach¢és just making their débuts nto Washington society, and a pleasant holiday time they will have of it, especially those lucky enough to enjoy the escort of young Hamul- ton High or young Frelinghuysen as their pilot. OW! THOSE DELIGHTFUL DINNERS. There are those, I dare say, who judge Washing. ton eating by the miserable fare served up here at the hotels during the war; but in no city of the Union are there better cooks. Mr. Sumner’s cordon bleu, Mrs. Hooper's Virginia ‘‘old-time”’ cook, Judge Swayne’s famous purveyor for the ‘Seward tabie, and fifty others equaily famous for specialtics, cannot be excelled, Then we have such fare to cook! Beef and mutton from the Shenandoah valley, Maryland hams, wild turkeys and venison from’ Western Virginia, terrapins and fish from Norfolk, ducks from the Potomac—ay, and oysters also, luscious, white and plump, blending the fla- vors of sit and fresh water. No wonder that Thackeray never forgot our Washington bivalves. & great deal of legislation and much diplomacy are really shaped at the dinner parties given by Congressmen who keep house and at the legations. Nor would it be telling tue whole trath did nore the potent influence upon lawmaking which is ex- ercised at THE RIVAL RESTAURANTS of Welcher and of Wormley, which are locaied op- posite to each other on Fifteenth street, in tull sight of the Treasury. ‘Just now a favorite cui- sinier, unequalled in his way, has deserted one of these culinary camps for the other, and great is the commotion cuused thereby. THE SEASON NOT FESTIVE JUST YET. Attempts were made while Congress was here to inaugurate the season, but without success, al- though those who hang on the outer verge went the grand rounds of the Wednesday receptions of wives of Cabinet officers, leit their cards and ex- pect to be invited to coming festivities, But be- yond the social entertainments to which I have alluded society will not be festive until after New Year's. And of all the pleasant parties of the hougay season the most deligntiul will be given rh Admiral Porter on New Year’s Eve to the young friends of his daughters. Being ayoung peo- ple’s party, the mammas and wallfowers must stay away, although the Admiral will have comfortable uarters for the papas, with approved rations. 198 Grant is regarded as THE LEADER OF THE GALAXY of young misses who are to shine at this and similar entertainments to come, She does not look so fresh and rosy as when known as “Nellie.”’ She used to enliven ail who knew her, but she has not been spoiled by foreign travel, while her manners are remarkably ylike, As for her toilet, the wonderful dresses that she urchased in Paris, under the guidance of Mrs. Yashburne, form the stable subject of small talk at sewing circles and dancing schools. Some anxious mothers shake their heads and think that she is too young to thus become a belle, but the young lady has, on dit, some of ler tather’s spirit, and means +o enjoy herself. ART AND ARTISTS. Catlin, whose death is announced to-day, was well known here, as he has often unsuccessfully urged Congreas to purchase his Indian collection. Kensett was here when Congress undertook to es- tablisn an “art commission,” and he has first and last sold at least halfa dozen pictures to our col- lectors. Randolph Rogers has sent a model for the statue of Fa! ut, to the disgust of Horatio Store, Vinnie Ream. Flannery and our local artists, And every one wants to know why Powell doesn’t come here, finiah his great picture of ‘‘Perry’s Victory” and get the balance due-him. THE MODOO WAR. Adespatch to the San Francisco Morning Call, dated Yreka, December 16, says:— Mr. Elijah Heard, of this city, an old frontier man, intimately acquainted with the leaders of the Indian_ warriors, had an interview with them at Clear Lake five days ago. They told him that Uncle Sam’s men had defrauded them. They agreed in faith to upon the reservation, but where pairs of blankets were promised them single blankets were issued, and so with all other articles furnished. They claim that they havo been wronged on all si ee and will fight it out now. Scar-faced Charley told him they had about eighty men, and were well napaees with arma, am- munition and provisions. leard says they are brave men, driven to desperation; are excellent shots, and with the great advantage of position, | sidence, A son, only child of Andrew J. Anderson, aged 3 | forty lives will pay for every Indian killed or taken. MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. Married. BISCHOFFSHEIM—PaINe.—In Paris, on Tuesday, December 3, at the English church, Rue d’Agues- seau, by the Rev. Edward Forbes, A. M., Mary, daughter of William H. Paine, ot New York, to FERDINANDE R, BIsCHOFFSHEIM, Son of Jonathan R, Bischoffsheim, Senator, Brussels, Belgium. Crossy—JaRvIs.—In ‘w Rochelle, N. Y., at Trinity Church, on Tuesday, December 17, by the Rev. Dr. Moreae HORACE CROSBY tO JBNNIB E. Jarvis, both of New Rochelle. GILL—SHELDON.—On Tuesday, December 24, by the Rev, D, Burchard, D. D., Joun M. GILL to MARY AMELIA SHELDON, all of New York. HAVEMEYER—FRANCIS.—At the United States Le- gation, Athens, Greece, on Saturday, December 21, 1872, by Rev. Dr. Hill, Joun C, HAVEMEYER, of New York, ALICE A., daughter of the Hon. John M. Boe of Troy, +, United States Minister to reece, MANDER—WaTERS,—On Monday evening, Decem- ber 23, by the Rev, Henry Ward Beecher, Henry gf Re to Mary Emma Warsrs, both of Brooklyn, ED. SBAMAN—Epspets.—On Monday, December 23, 1872, at St. Bartholomew's church, by the Rev, Samuel Cooke, D. D., JonN F, SEAMAN to ANN C., daughter of the late Kdward N, Ebbets, ‘TRIMBLE—RYaN.—On Monday, December 23, by the Rev. es at Draper, CHARLES B, TRIMBLE to Iba M., eldest daughter of C. Ryan, all of Harlem. Died. ANDERSON.—On Monday, December 23, at his re- 128 Broome street, JoserH H. NDER- ears. " Relatives and friends are respectfully invited to attend funeral, Wednesday, 2ith, at two o'clock P.M. BERGH.—At Rhinebeck, on Monday, December 23, GEORGE R. BERGH, aged 65 years. Funeral at Rhinebeck, on Thursday, 26th inst., at one o’clock P. M. BecKwirH.—At Rutherford Park, N.J., on Sun- day, December 22, 1872, HE: Woop, only daughter ot Jefferson T. and Frelove H, Beckwith, aged 5 years, 11 montis and 24 days, The relatives and friends of the family are re- apectfuily invited to attend the funeral, at the re: sidence of her parents, on Thursday, December at one o'clock P.M. he train leaves Erie Rails way depot, foot of Chambers street, at twelve o'clock noon. Camr.—At Brooklyn, on Tuesday, December 24, SARAU KELLOGG, dangtter of Samuel K. and Sarah Kellogg Camp, aged 7 years, Vhe relatives apd inends of the family are re- apectfully invited to attend the funeral, at the reaft lence of her poren ts, No, 257 Lamretie avenue, OD Caruin,—in Jersey clay ok Mon lingering illness, aaviee years. on Thurad: from the residence of "4 s aon. oro temas E, rarily to the Jersey City Ceme- will be taken tempo NDON.—On Tuesday, December 24, JOHN CON- “the foneral will take. place tr . neral w: lace from hig dence, 64 Dean str: Brooklyn, on Thuredg % De. cember 26, His friends and ttiose of the are Feapecsialy pastes to attend, iTeeaai CUSHMAN. eaday mo’ cem! ELIZABETH A., wife of Alonzo Cushman and’ daughter of the late Isaac Jones, The relatives and friends are to attend: the funeral, from her late residence, 419 West. teenth street, on T.ursday aftern four oreloek. remains will bo taken to Rdgegous, jonn. Donovan.—On Monday, December 23, after along: and tedious illness, JouN Donovan, a native of the- parish of Dissard, county Cork, Ireland, ‘The relatives and friends of family, and also- the members of the St. Patrick's Mutual _Alience- of the Seventh ward, are reg] V' attend the funeral, from his late residence, tae - sees on Wednesday, December 25, at one clocl Dvaan.—On Tuesday, December 24, wtionly: DAnieL Dvaay, native of the county Cork, Ifeland, in the 70th year of his. ape May his soul rest in peace. The funeral will take place trom his son’s resi- dence, 367 kirst avenue, on Wednesday, December bt snr te od oO cec He cos “© 1sH.—On Tuesday, ember ALTER, ‘LR, Fish, youngest son of William L, and Mary aged 18 montis, : riends of the family are invited to attend the ee bi’ Christ church, Thursday, December at ten A. M, sf 1BsON.—On Tuesday, December 24, SUSIB GIBBON, in the 28th year of her age. The relatives and friends of the family are re- quested to attend the funeral, from the residence of her father, 197 Gold street, Brooklyn, on Thurs- day, December 26, at two o'clock P. M. ILMARTIN.—On Monday, December 23, at his resl- dence, 104 Madison street, DaNr@L GILMARTIN, iD: the 59th year of his age. Notice of funeral hereafter. HARRISON.—Suddenly, on Tuesday, December 24, 1872, GEonaE W. HARRISON, in the 29th year of his. *eThe funeral will take place from the residence of his brother-in-law, Sherlock Austin, 117 Taylor street, near Bedford avenue, Brook! E. D., on Thursday afternoon, December 26, at half-past one o'clock, Relatives and friends are respec! in- vited to attend funera), without further notice. rs please copy. 0} , December oa at half-past ten o'clock P. M,, JuLIA B. Hoyt, wife of Henry E. Hoyt, aged 77 years.” ae ler funeral) Will take place from her son-in-law’s (C. E. Comin) residence, 125 Fast 114th street, on ursday morning, ateleven o'clock. All friends of the are respectfully invited to attend without further notice. ., Jongs.—On ae ‘the 24th of December, i ‘3. SARAH ANN, Wife of jam Jones, aged 20 years, 6 months and 26 day: ‘The funeral will take place on Bighteme the 27th inst. from her late residence, 227 Mulberry street, at two P. M. Jongs.—On Monday, December 23, of baiyes. Jonn Jong, printer, agea 70 years, 8 months an 23 days. The. friends of the family are respectfully re- ested to attend the funeral, from his late resl- lence, No. 7 Sullivan street, oa Wednesday, December 25, at two P. M., without further invita- tion. Montreal Kaurs.- after a lon inners nlegee. copy. mn Sunday morning, December 22, 1872, and severe illness, ERNST HERMAN Kanes, aged 52 years, 8 months and 20 days, Relatives and friends are invited to attend the funeral, on Wednesday, December 25, at one P. M., from the German Evangelical Lutheran St. Johan- nes church, 79 Christopher street, New York; thence to Greenwood Cemetery. L&E.—On Tuesday, December 24, Mary A., eldest child of William H.and Catherine A. Lee, aged 2 years, 5 months and 22 days, ‘The funeral will take place, from the residence of her parents, 311 East Forty-eighth street, on Thursday, at one o’clock. f(oorE.—On Tuesday evening, December 2;, LAWRENCE L. Mook, aged 48 years, Notice of funeral bereatter. McCorMACcK.—On Monday, December 23, BRIDGET™ McCormack, ‘The funeral will take place from her late resl- dence, 342 East Nineteenth strect, this day (Wednesday), at two o’clock P. M. Her friends and those o! the family are invited to attend. Pa¥F¥F.—On Tuesday morning, December 24, at one o'clock, Mrs. ELIZABETH Parr, widow of Froderick. Paff, aged.69 years. The relatives and friends of the family are re- spectfully invited to attend the funeral, on Thars- day, at one o’clock P. M., from the residence of her’ son-in-law, John F. Horuung, 116 First street. PHILLIPS.—At Washington city, ESTHER, relict of Lge eer Phillips, aged 86 years, Funeral this (Wednesday) morning, 25th inst., at ten o’clock, from No, 48 West Ninth street, PoLLock.—On Monday, mber 23, JESSIE Pe.Lock, daughter of Jane and the lateSamuel Pollock, aged 8 years and 4 months, ‘The funeral will take place from the residence of her mother, 226 West Filty-third atreet, on Wednes- day, December at half-past one o'clock P. M. The relatives and friends of the family are reepect- fally invited to attend. PRESDEE.—On Staten Island, on Monday, Decem- ber 23, Mrs. JANE PresvzE, beloved wife of Joseph: Presdee, aged 68 years. The triends of the family are respectfully invited: to attend the funeral, at the residence of her son,. Colonel J. B. Presdee, Manor road, Staten Island, on Thursday, 26th inst., at one o'clock P.M. Boat leaves Dey street at 11:15 A. M. Carriages in wait- ing 1 it West Brighton. ILLY.—On Tuesday, December 24, Huan RBILLY,. @ native of the eres of Killmore, county Cavap,. Ireland, in the 57th year of his The relatives and friends of the family are re- spectfully invited to attend the funeral, from his’ late residence, 55 Pitt street, on Thursday, Decem- ber 26, at nine o'clock A. M., and from thence toSt.. Mary’s church, corncr Grand and Ridge strects, where a solemn mass of requiem will be offered for the repose of his soul, and irom thence to Calvary Cemetery at one o'clock P. M. RicutTMtre.—On Monday, December 23, OscaR i. is of Thos. F. and Elizabeth Post Rightmire, years, “Relatives and friends of the family are invited to er, avenue, edn A December 25, at one o'clock. Rvsugr.—In Brooklyn, on Tuesday morning, De- cember 24, GEORGE RusHgr, of Durrie & Rusher, New York, In the 41st year of his age. The relatives and iriends are respectfully invited to attend the funeral, from his late residence, 352 Clinton street, brooklyn, on Friday, December 27, at two o'clock P. M. ScHAEFER.—On Monday, Deeember 23, Katy Ewiza, youngest daughter of Frederick and Louisa Schaefer, aged 1 year, 4 months and 20 a Relatives and friends of the family are respect- fully invited to attend the funeral, on Thursday, December 26, at two o'clock P. M., from the resi- anny her parents, No, 227 Conover strect, Soutis rooklyn. SEAMAN.—On Tuesday, December 24, Sunas C. SEAMAN, son of tie late Dr. Z. W. Seaman. Notice of faneral hereafter, SHELBURGH.—At Smithstown, Pa., on Friday, De- cember 20, MARGARET ELIZABETH SHELBURGH. Relatives aud friends of the famlly are respect- fully invited to attend the funeral, from Trinity church, on Thursday, the 26th inst., at half-past , without further notice, LossoN.--On Saturday evening, December 21, Joun SLOssoN, Counsellor-at-Law, aged 66 years. His relatives and {rieuds and the members of the Bar are respec! y invited to attend the funeral, on Thursday next, December 26, at ten A. M., at the Reformed church, corner of Twenty-first street and Fifth avenue. StoppaRD.—On Sunday, December 22, at his rest- dence, 815 DeKalb avenue, Brooklyn, L. 1., Captain WititaM B. StoppaRD, for many years connected with the Assay Office at New York, son of the late eat john Stoddard, of Cleveiand, Ohio, aged 63 ‘The faneral will take piace on Christmas Day, at half-past two o'clock M., from St. Matthew's chi Throop avenue, near DeKalb aven Frienge are requested to attend without furth Invi in. Cleveland and Boston papers please copy. Tick.—The members of the Yorkville Branch Young Men's Christian Association are invited to meet at the rooms of the association, Eighty-sixth street and Third avenue, at half-past ten o'clock A.M., to attend the funeral of our late associate, Dr. Lewis Tice, JAMES D, SHIPMAN, Secretary. Watsn.—On Monday, December 23, Maunice ieenstown, county Cork, Ireland, in the 5sth year of his age. Funeral on Christmas Day, at one P, M., from his late residence, 88 Jackson street. Warp.—At Plainfieid, N. J.,on Sunday, Decem- ber 22, ELLEN AMELIA, wife of the Rev, Chari WV. bal nn daughter of the late Rev, Samuel So: ury, D. D. ‘The relatives and iriends are requested to attend the funeral, from the Church of the Annunciation, West Fourteenth street, on Thursday, the 26th inst., at one P. M. WELSH.—On Monday, December 23, at the rest- , PATRICK WELSH, aged 15 y u othe Temains will be interred in Flatbush this (Wednesday) afternoon, at two o'clock. Westcorr.—On Monday, December 23, BLaNcne % eae of Benjamin @. and Hattie F. ‘estcot Funeral will take place at Seuth Orange, N on Thursday, December 26, at half-past ten A. Trains leave foot of Barclay street at 9:10 A. M. In Brooklyn, on eer, December 24, JameES G., youngest son of Hannah and the late ‘Thomas Yates, aged 30 years and 6 montns, Notice of funeral to-morrow, YeRKS,—On Monday, December 23, of paralysis, WILLIAM Yer«s, aged 68 years, Relatives and friends ave respectfully invited to attend the funeral, on Thursday, December 26, at eight o'clock A. M., from the Methodist Episcopal church, Leonard street, corner Conselyea, Brook- lyn, B.D, The remains will pe removed to White Plains for interment on the 10:40 A, M. train, Har lem Railroaa