The New York Herald Newspaper, December 14, 1872, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1872.-TRIPLE SHEET. THE SOUTH. Tour of a Herald Correspondent Through the Gulf States, WORDS IN SEASON. What Seven Years of Peace Have Not Done. Carolina, as Littlefield has concealed himself from the vengeance of North Carolina under the fats of Florida, Kimball is believed to be in Australia, and Bulock was tor along time in Londen, Can- ada, where he got up ® fictitious Board of Traae and addressed Governor Smith several letvers, which for some time were thought to be indited in London, England, and tobe the expressions of mer- cuants and money lenders there. REPUDIATION. The better Southern States, like Georgia, are sadly disturbed between the growing outcry for repudiation of the carpet-bag debt and the larger mercantile necessities of the States, which are ex- pected to be supplied to some extent by the federal government. The movement to build what may be called the Southern Erie Canalis a favorite thing in the Georgia mind, This canal is designed to connect the Cumberland River and the Atlantic inthe region of Savannah. In Georgia almost everybody favors it, except that extraordinary THE WAR OF RACES. Africans and Whites in Constant Social Collision. Sambo Scared by Carpet-Baggors and Accursed Secret Leagues. KU KLUX CONFESSIONS. Uncle Sam Encouraging Immigra- tion and Fostering Industry. oe Condition of Alabama, Texas, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina and Louisiana, Sa a INCREASE IN SOUTHERN PRODUCTS. Cotton, Tobacco, Sugar, Rice, &c., Growing in Larger Quantities. Indolenc2 and Discourtesy the Chief Vices of the Planiers. GRATITUDE VS. RESENTMENT. eee Political Emeutes and Ignorance Retarding Development and Prosperity. MOBILE, Ala., Dec. 9, 1872, In accordance with your instructions I made a fun through the middie part of the Coast States, and expect to return up the Mississippi Vailey. I shallmake no effort to wink at any side of any evil, and expect to get the reprovation of some people whose courtesy would not justify mein varnishing anything that calls for complaint, Considering that the South is wrestling with all the progeny and consequences of slavery, which institution unfitted it to take business views of realities in a cool, business spirit, it has done well to iare no worse. The sceptre has wholly departed from it, but the great staples which have mace the wealth of the section continue to craw! up to greater aggregates with each succeeding year of free labor, aud while the profits of these are widely distributed, and not concentrated, as formerly, in the hands of the tew, there is no question but that the comfort of the million has been immensely en hanced. The great majority of negroes havea mule, & cart, an inalienable fireside anda rudi- | mentary conception of republican opportunities and obligations, The class of small white farmers is in even a better condition, and the poor whites promise to be the ruling element of the South in the next generation. The great planter and big landholder struggle on in a horribly incompetent | state, with diminishing chances, anc what used to | be called the Southern gentieman is by the side of the last Indian going towards the setting sun. THE TOWNS OF THE SOUTH. There are few flourishing towns in all the South. Savannah may be said to be the only seaport which has increased in exportations and general busi- ness and population. This is one of the best or- | ganized cities in all the South, aud behind itis that fine Georgian population, which, in vigor and general equality of condition, was al- ways exceptionable among the Southern | States, In the interior of Georgia many towns | have suifered no decline, while Atlanta, which was always a good deal of a Northern place, | settled by Northern merchants and factors, nas | risen from its ashes to be a very vigorous city. | The manufacturing towns of Georgia ave generally | thrifty, but the demoralized condition of the cot- | ton laborers leads querulous people in this State, | as well as other parts of the South, to argue that | the cotton beit may possibly be depopulated. Nor- | folk, despite strenuous endeavors to make a city | there equal to the character of the harbor, has not grown with a degree to satisfy expectation. Mo- bile is still a lively place, but with signs of declina- | tion. In Northern Alabama a town-making asso, ciation has built up a place called Birmingham, which has about four thousand people and is talked about allover the State as a municipal wonder. Opelika, in the same State, has developed into a sizadle village from @ mere crossroads. In North Carolina there is some building of a reireshing sort going on at Reidsville, in the tobacco country. Aiken, in South Carolina, is becoming a notable resort for Northern consumptives and shows @ good degree of intellec- tual life, particularly in the Winters. Florida ts vis- | ited by about fifty thousand consumptives every | Winter, who are bied to death by a series of pre- | tentious taverns, which cuarge the hignest prices and give little or nothing in return. Cartersvill in Northern Georgia, 1s looked upon with expecta- tion as the town of the future, and Chattanooga bas been the victim for several years of much prophesied greatness and of little growth, Fast Pascagoula, in the State of Mississippi, shows many new buildings, the fruit of enterprise on the line ot tnat superb Southern road, the Mobile and Texas, which is the best to travel upon in all the South, Shreveport, in Louisiana, shows a good deal of activity as the gate city to Northern Texas, and the city of Little Rock, which, like Atianta, is built out of the swag and plunder of its Commonwealth, has increased in seven years seveniold. It now contains about twenty thousand people. Richmond, Va., is a wealthy, hearty town, enlivened by the rapid elon- gation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, which seems to be pushed forward by a responsible and diligent directory. TEXAS AND ALABAMA. fie States in the Southern country which have fallen for @ time in the hands of the republicans and show most development are Texas and Ala- bama. But it is to be noted, no matter what the | reasons may be, that those States which have overthrown the radical party are in the vest gen- | eral condition and are chicfy absorbed in seeking | to palliate, counteract and provide for the excesses | of carpet-baggery. In no two States are these | facts so plain as in Tennessee and Georgia. | I spent suMicient time at the State cap- | ital of Georgia to talk with offictals of | both classes, and I am certain that the democratic administration there is composed | of moderate and modest men, who have some ap- prekension of the financial responsibility of the State, and are hard pushed with the probiem of | what co do with thedebts piled up by Buolick, Kim- | ball and Blodgett, RENEGADES. ‘This Blodgett 1s now said to be hiding under the @ing of the republican administration in South jin 7 dialectician, A. H, Stephens, who is accused ofeven disdaining to take United States land scrip, because the acceptance of this gift would violate the prin- ciple of State rights. It is a great pity that Stephens did not plough himself uader before these latter days. RAILROAD TYRANNY. The stability of many spirited towns in the South is subject to check because of the arbitrary meth” ods of our Northern railroad managers, who have picked up the Southern highways and turned the current of population as they wist. For example, what was called the Blue Mountain route between New Orleans and the North, and had acquired much celebrity, received an unannounced blow two or three weeks ago from the Pennsylvania management. Palace cars which had been put on at New Orleans to run through to Lynchburg were unceremoniously taken off and the quick connec- tions broken up so that people had to ride around by the Jacksoz route to Louisville and Cincinnati and be bothered between the greedy and un- scrupulous ambition of the eastern conduits of that road, which cross the snowy moun- tains, and have just left a number or Congressmen a day or two behind time. The Pennsylvania Railroad seems to have carried everything before it in the Southern region, and it willsoon control both the seaboard line and the Danville line on the East as well as the Cincinnati line southward inthe Wost, All that the enter- prise of the Southern States can do is to build tables all the year round, has tarmera who own 40,000 head of stock, 18 building twelve railroads, sells cattle lor $4a head which sella at Bix cents & pound, and it is emphatically a poor man’s lant, —— cheapest ‘sustenance in the world. To hese classes may be atdeu a restiess movement of boys, refugees and people worn out atthe edges of character who go to swell the well-known law- lessness of the State, The Governor there, Davis, is a kind of Dr, Francia comer, who has governed with a high hand, repressed tawiessness with a terrible mounted police and lost the Stite for his party. THB NEGRO IN THE SOUTH. The condition of the negro since his emanct- pation has disappointed almost every prophet who undertook to predict against him. He is a good deal of a nuisance in his desire to talk politics and intrude upon the coneeat of the white politicians vo whom he is constituent, but he has made three millions aud a hall bales of cotton. Who grew that cotton? Who picked itt What besides has the South produced for itself in the past seven years? In the sugar fleld also the negro is the sole re- liance, and the present year will show great in- crease over the last as the last over the year which preceded it. In the slave period the annual yield of sugar was between 200,000 and 300,000 ads, This fell directly ai r the war little above 30,090 hogsheads; but the staple is creeping up gradually, ana this year it will have passed 100,000, according to some accounts, The rice fields also, which hid been abandoned or nearly so in the Carolinas, are again maintained in Louisiana and the South, and tf there be a prevailing necessity for domestic rice, we may expect that the black man’s labor may ve again efective upon this staple. COTTON, SUGAR, KiCE, TOBACCO, Taking cotton, sugar and rice as exponents of what the negro is willing to do in his tree condi- tion, We have more reason to be astonishe application than discouraged, ‘the year 1s ot when 5,009,000 bales of cotton and 500,000 hogshcacds of sugar will be the annual production of the Southern States; but in money the cotton will represent 400,000,000, and the sugar, $50,000,000—a royal income, indeed, for a section that has passed through such a revolution. When 1 passed through North Carolina aud the great to- bacco district around Danville, | inquired whether they raised as much tobacco as in old times, “More, 1 rec They don't work it in as big patches as they used to, but more people have un- dertaken It, and although they are growing tobacco in Connecticut and ali over the North and West, we seem to 3 busy here as in the oid days.”” When we come to a comparison of gross produc- tive power between the period of slavery and that of emancipation, it may be said that North Caro- lina, Alabaina, Tennessee, Kentucky and Texas are inconceivably better off. Virginia depended for its greatest proiits upon the BREEDING OF SLAVES, to be sold to the Gulf States, and oi course that sort of business fs completely obliterated. All along the Roanoke River, the Staunton and the Appomattox, pieces of road which the big corporations come along and gobble up or worry them until, in self- defence, the road built at the expense of the Com- monwealth bonds is surrendered to the master of the system. ‘The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which, long ago, did the great business o1 the Southwest, is now cut of in Mid-Virginia, while General Mahon’s road from Noriolk to Bristol has been tapped below its point of junction with the Southwestern system, and its future probabilities are not considerable, It is a maivel that with the railroad advantages of the Southern country so few men of actual capital are competing for the:r man- agement. ‘The South has built an enormous quan~ tity of road during the last fifteen years, but the great majority of it is merely tributary to Northern adventurers, who are accused in the South of hav- ing fired the Northern mind with statements of the disloyalty of the Southern population, while the; in the meantime gobbled up the impoverished rail- roads and constructed their own systems to bur- den iuture generations in the South, SOUTH CAROLINA THE WORST OFF, The debt of South Carolina before the war was very small—something about six million dollars— and the State claims to have had a better credit than any State in the Union. Its bonds were always suid abroad und were the favorite bonds tiere, gen- erally meno Hneee by ae Brothers, ie rarer on these bonds was pi {i jug the yar, aud in many Cases ts took fa of Shier money to raise one dollar of gold to meet this in- terest, Just at the close of the war the Barings intimated that they would find credit for the State on the security of its superb Sea Island cotton, put the course of reconstruction has destroyed these chances, and the State of ail others in the South which had the brightest society and stood most in- dependent under slavery is now the most degraded and beaten, and the conscience of a large part of our country is satisfied by making the remark that the State deserved all this for its precipitate action in secession. THE STATE OF ALABAMA is apparentiy in a very fine condition. Both partics, democratic and republican, assured me that its debt was no greater than its capacity, and that it had sut t railways aad public works to account for evi ent of its debt; be-ides, some of its railways were paying from the start. I will resently consider the material condition of Ala- ama. At present it will do to take a look at its public men, The Governor elect comes from Huntsville, nea at the Tennessee line. He is a tall, slow-motioned Yankee-itke radical, who came into office fuliy aware of what his relations were to be to the dominant party, He was on ostensi- bly good terms with the retiring Governor, Lind- say. Lindsay was a loquacious, semi-scrupulous man, born in Scotland, and he had, probably, per- ceptions in PERE ee his irchreyere sullicient 9 assure him that nothing was to be counted upon } ¢ democratic ee iis the peace aSA ce. pose of the State lay in making a good aMliation with the republican ad; tales ation. Both the Governors, incoming and retiring, were old Ala- bamians, and yet there was a marked difference between them. If Governor Lindsay had mo into New York city from Ireland an come Mayor within three or four years, and one had called upon him officially, he would have seen a fair presentment of the retiring Governor of Alabama. Neither of the men would have seemed to a Northerner to be \ Spencer, | Alabama under existing conditions, doing equity a representative of Alabama—Lindsay, black- haired and foreign-looking, is devoted to good | living and plenteous speech; Lewis, the carpet- baggers’ candidate, haa dignity, business and thriit about him. I formed the opinion in Mont- gomery that many of the better democrats would prefer tosee an out-and-out radical administra- tion in power rather than a crisis in affairs, PARSONS AND SPENCER. Passing the judicial candidates and coming to the great men who are supposed to be of influence in the United States, 1 thought I saw that the prominent politicians on both sides fell be‘ow the ordimary capacity. On tne repub- lican side the chief men were Parsons and Parsons is a hale, rotund, capa- ble man, born in the North, and he was Provisional Governor of the State at the close of the rebellion, although during the rebellion the great flcod hud compelled him to hide in some official position under the Confederacy. Spencer was a man who seemed to have no natural or ac- quired atiinity tor Alabama. The highest rauk he | ever attained in the North was a clerk of one of the bodies of the Jowa Legislature. He went into the war in a tradesman’s capacity, and came out a colonel, He is a very singular type ola carpet- bagger in this, that he roams about like a cosmo- politan and almost everybody will speak to him. Hie is not a bad man in any sense, and might make under {air encouragement a sufficient Senator for | to voth sides, Parsous 18 @ man of less popularity, inferior power to orgunize politics and larger mental and luanly heft. He would have made under the old conditions of Alabama a capable public man; but they hate bim there on account of hs ability more than they hate Spencer on account of his adapt- | ability. The organizing rebel was a failure in war, and he isnow a failure in peace. His advice is worth nothing, as his military capacity availed | nothing. If hc would only stand aside his section might be revived; but In this country nothing stands aside—demagogue or failure. TEXAS IMMIGRATION. Texas is the only State in all the Sonth which is receiving a steady and reliable class of immigrants. Of these a very small portion comes from urope and the rest is nearly equally divided between the Northwest and the Gulf slave States. The great wave of Southern immigration toward Texas starts in North Carolina, although some Virginians from the bottom of the great valley and from the Danville country hi taken up the same line of mare. From both Carolinas the impulsion has been remarkable, Georgia and Alabama he finds a marvellous move- meut of the best any an on Rae in the ae rutting Joose uiterly from old gonditi and go- fi § Northeht 1 antes by the Vigksbury and Shreveport Railroad, or by the Morgan line steamers from New Orleans via Brasaear Clty, Straight to Galveston and Houston. 1 have in- quired of several people what the average weekly immigration *o Texas is, and it has veen guessed to be between 1,400 and 4,000 persons a week. Probably 3,000 @ week Would be @ low calculation, but thecurrent never ebbs—rather grows all the time—and as a consequence Texas is becoming the least negrofied of any society in the South, while the general poverty and helplessness of the people who go int» it ought to have the etfect of making them more industiious, benevolent and afresh | | tuan society im apy Southern State, THE GREAT WAVE OF EMIGRATION, This emigration Texas-ward receives a dozen forms Of impulsion. First is the Southern planter of jormer prosperity, Who Wants to put his iamily again in easy circumstances before he dies, This man gells what remains to him in the old society and borrows mouey without interest trom the great hospitable Southern bank of private faitn— that bank now about winding up from the loose- ness of its operations and the multiplicity of its patrons, He starts to Texas with all his family and expects to receive the recognition there 0, a family advent. Next is the business drover of the Northwest, who sees that Texas is the cattle and horse land, and can exceed by open-air production the best assiduity of the Northern stock raiser, He goes to Texas with a fair purse and credit, taking all the | nervous American character with him, and eitaer of business Eg or becomes a scrouging hero. ‘Third is the poor white class of the South—the bone-weary and trouble-tried—who have worked jor Wages or cultivated a barren patch of ground, making half a dozen bales of cotton @ year; and these by desperate evort sell out, saying, with Prince Arthur— It Is as good to die and go as die and stay ‘Texas ia very liberal to the immigrant; for it Is the sovereign proprietor of all its domain, makes 600,000 bales ul cotton @ year, raises garden vege- one looks upon a beautilul country, which was nothing more than a pasture ficld for human live stock, If we reflect that the fell decree of emancipation destroyed nearly fivo hundred thou- sand articies of commerce, worth upon the average $400 or $600 a head, it also increased immeasurably the happiness, security and family stability of just that many breathing and thinking things. No esti- mate of the South can be complete which does not include the enormously bettered and appreciated condition of the negro. Ifa certain number of men puint to the vast assets annihilated in slaves an equal number of men made citizens can thank God for the injury. The method, obedience and indus- try which the slave system demande of the negro has been of use to him in his free condition, while the master, who had served no such apprentice- ship, finds himself, in the majority of cases, the nost nelpless person in his section, and the great end of his ambition is to get an olfice and keep it. RECONSTRUCTION AND POLITICS, Reconstruction has been a bungie in the South, but the great curse of society there has been poli- tics. For this passion many proud and valorous men in the Coniederate army have made shipwreck of consistency and high-mindedness, and joined the carpet-baggers to get some portion of the loaves and fishes, There is a deep and general feeling of aulleane that the hae has been given political rights, oitice, liberty of meeting, nominating and meeting in leagues; but the Governor of Georgia said to ne that there was no rational complaint to be made against the black man, although he was oflen put up by white politicians to give annoy- ance. “Some time ago,” said Governor Smith, “when my house was full of company, my servants came in'a body before Lhad gotten out of bed and said they were going to leave me right off. They gave no reason and made no complaint, but go they would. Now that meant Si pIy, this—tiat some low-lived white people, opposed to me politiauily, had alarmed the credulity of those negroes, or de- manded in the name of their party loyalty that they should give me that unnecessary bother.” Governor Smith intimated that the secret po- litical leagues of the South had been the bane of both colors since the war. This is plain to any traveller, The loyal leagues incited the lormation of the Ku Klux, and now, when nobody questions the black man’s franchise, and _ he is fully equal in numbers and courage to his former masters, the nulsunce of the secret leagues goes on for the pur- pose of conserving the white politician’s position, and Hide put your hand upon the shoulder of Powell Clayton or George E, Spencer, or any of that set in the Senate of the United States, you will have touched a@ man who isin the habit of meeting by night in motley lodges to keep up the laree of protecting Ireedoin which nobody ques- tious. Society in the South has been CURSED WITH SECRET ORDERS, Gamblers, horse thieves, riygr thieves and kid. nappers have each had a halt doze ng Of INa- sonry, and the honorable society of Frééinasons has undoubtedly been prostituted, so much so that hen gy unusually scabby fellow is referred to you hear the Temark!—"He 1s one of these war Ma- sons.” No society can be in a condition of repose, sincerity and confidence when it is perforated with secret partnerships, and beneath a larger exterior of commercial, lamily and rejigious Iile there pre- vails a hidden kind of loyalty which is stronger than we obligations of mun to man. The enfran- chised negro has been a peculiar subdject of this grip government, because it touches his imagina- tion, and besides there has been @ necessary con- neciion between the negro’s religion and his poli- tics. The class-meeting and the church have been the negro’s political tempies. His preachers made the only learned profession to control, filuminate and organize him, But one with a patient mind can see that there will some day be a reaction even against the negro’s priests, and the black man’s poll- tics will be as secular and as jealous of priestly in- terference as our own. In conversation with Robert Tyler, son of ex- President Join Tyler, ne remarked as ioliows:— “The negro has neither gratitude nor resent- men’ When I came to think it over it occurred to me that he had no particular reason for either. Re- sentment would give him the fashion of carrying a six-shooter on his hip and being very touchy on points of honor, Gratitude does not belong to pol- ities, for a man’s vote should be his most jealous | possession, and the negro’s devotion to the radical party is periectly natural, and will continue as long as white people entertain designs upon it. THE ERROR OF SOUTHERN SOCIETY for the past flity years has been the toleration of | violence and too much charity for the bloody re- sentments of eacn other, Right at Montgomery, where Mr. Tyler edited his paper, is the grave of Yancey, who killed his wife’s uncle, was acquitted for it, and was the victim in his declining years of a ferocious personal attack from Ben | Hill, The leader of the democratic party in Alabama, James H. Clanton, was shot dead only a year ago in what is called a difficulty, and the penalty of puviic life and the comment throughout the Gulf States has generally been the hazard of murder. If the negro citizen had his white neighbor's facility of resentment and were now revenging his injuries while in a state of slavery, pandemonium would indeed begin. The old slave system has relinquished nothing without astruggie, and aiter the questions of emancipa- tion wd reconsiruction were settled there was another contest about wages and contracts, and still another about the negro’s right to litigate. Falr judges estimate that between 1868 and 1870 1,500 lives were taken in Alabama alone, and still, without either gratitude or resentment the freed negro has piled up his monument of 3,500,000 bales of cotton, and his passion to own land, a pair of mules and a suit of cioth clothes continues to enormously provoke millions of people who think br ideus reprehensible and exceedingly tunpu- dent. SAMPLES OF KU KLUX. | I went down to the jailin the city of Mentgomery | with the United States Marshal, Randoiph, a native | Kentuckian. Lhad never had any belief in the Ku Klux and wanted to have an actual conversation | With some of tie people confined there as such. | Half a dozen boys, of the loitering village class, a little above the grade of poor whites, the stature of | planters’ sons, were turned into the lobby of the Jail, and the worst of them was a littie, knotty, | simpering chap, with an unmistakably wicked | twinkle in his eye. He did not weigh above 120 pounds, but was quick, Wiry and restless, and be- longed to the class of grocery-store et eg who will drive a knife without a word of warning. The jailer told me that he had dst fights with his companions in the cell, and did pot care a Whistle for his life, = After a lit. tle conversation I be vedanc] to have gained the confidence of one of the party with a m: im. nocent face, and the Marshal said to me This man and Hunter (the ugly customer) are both going to plead guilty. and this one says he will you all about the crime with which he ts charged,” We t down to the lower floor and into a private room, where @ negro sg whom the ‘nard nad shot with his musket was lying on the Kor, and a large negro man, with his eye shot out, was sitting on @ chair, “WHO WOUNDED THAT MAN,"? sald 1 to the white prisoner, for the Marshal was not now in our company, and we were sitting, Ku Klux and reporter, knee to knee, “That wasn't our party that did that,’ said the young man, “The two other fellows you sa@ up stairs did that i A biack man had married a white woman and had two children by her, and the boys shot the man dead and shot this biack fel- iow here, who was the only witness, in three places, and then tied the white woman to the bed- stead and set the house on fire and burned her up to it.” I recalled the appearance of the two young chaps referred to, one of them a loquacious, yellow- haired, blue-eyed boy, and the other a bullet- headed, ftppant youth who had damned Governor Lindsay lor surrendering him to the United States, jow, What did you do ’”’ said | to the lad who had honored me with his confidence. | Gencral Banks and others prepared provisional “Weil, sir, there was @ biack women up io our county who had sued a white man for twelve months’ wages and recovered. This feliow laid it up for her, and one night when a parcel of us fel- lows were drinking and carrying on he put us up to go out and whip that woman, I didn’t know where we were going and had never seen the woman before, If we was Ku Klux I didn’t know it, but we kivered up our faces so she wouldn't know none of us. We took the woman out into the woods where nobody could hear her scream and whipped her there about two hours with hickory rods. I saw that they were going to kill the woman, and got uneasy about it. Alter awhile they asked her if she recognized enybedy in the crowd and she named two men, en they drew their pistols, and, although I begged them not to kill her, they shot her several times througn the head. That little fellow you saw with me up stairs was one who fired his shooter into her. I will plead guilty at Court, because I saw plain enough that there was no way for me to get out of this scrape."’ Aiter this interview 1 was obliged to give over my incredulity about the Ku Klux. BURNING ONE WOMAN} SHOOTING ANOTHER, Lsaid tothe Marshal, ‘What will be the punish- ment of these tellows for burning up one woman and shooting another?" us” Well,” said he, “about six years’ imprison- ment.” Icould not help thinking that if white peo, had been the victims there would have gratitude and considerable resentment, in old days people were found of predicting the terrible consequences of emancipation. Kapine, insurrection, amalgamation and famine were in. mediately to come about, ‘The facts have been the other way. The one comprehensive crime o1 the free negro has been PIG AND CMICKEN STEALING. His offences against the person during the past seven years all over the South could be written on a quire of foolscap, ‘The outrages can all be carried in one head, During the war, when ail the able- bodied white men were at the iront, the negro, with more gratitude than resentment, was the humble friend and garrison of the women and children at home. On tho other hand it has taken 15,000 pages of printed matter to relate the crimes of the Ku Kiux alone, The negro is undoubtedly a nui- sance in the light of our Caucasian prejudices, North and South. The most charitable of us would hke him better if he had white skin. He has a discour- aging influence upon immigration into the South; but he is what he Is, and the years are still within our memory when the argument was built up that he was the only legitimate source of revenue and production—the corner stone of an imperial system which should intimidate mankind and prevail over it. There he is—the same in numbers, sinew and corporeai force, Ibis not the problem of the Soutn what to do with him, but what he shall do with himself, The frst necessity les with the white man to set the example of personal labor. A tone of univeral querulousness, which is @ symptom of the want of a healthy nature, is heard all over the South on the subject of the darkey, “I can’t keep a pig, nor @ chicken, nor anything to cat on my place,’”’ said an unusually robust Georgian to me, “The negroes take everything that we have.”” As I had heard a similar remark made several hundred times I thought I would ask this much- plundered man more minutely about it. “How many pig» do you raise?” said L. “Nigh on to two hundred,” “How many do the negroes steal?” “We miss nigh on to twenty hoge.’”’ One is tempted to wish that the negrocs had got even a larger aliowance of pork, judging from the quantity thatis set on the tables at the railroad Stations and hotelsin the Gulf States. Boiled hog and hard water seemed to be perpetually before me as I rode from the Carolinas to the Gulf. The water of itself had an inevitable stomach ache in it, which the hog was sure to precipitate. There is no doubt that the negro is a formidable raider upon poultry and pigs, but this is one of the resuits of too much land and a universal antipathy among the whites to putting up fences, “It would be political banishment,” seid Gov- erpor Smith, of Georgia, “for any public man to agitate for a fence and stock Jaw in this State. The land lies open and the stock run loose, so that the gator is always close to temptation, The pas- sion to u KREP IMMENSE TRACTS OF LAND is more of a mistake in the South; it is nearly a vice, because it tightens and hardens the social impulses, and it wall iuevitably carry tens of thou- sands of people to the Poor House, 1 was gunning afew weeks ago at Shipping Point, on the Vir- ginia side of the Potomac, and a man told me that it had been the purpose of some land agents to buy 35,000 acres in that neighborhood at the request of the expelled Alsatians. Fitteen thousand acres had been obtained, when the oh, Virginia land owner's round about made a combination to keep the foreigners out. “We don’t want them here,” said these gentry; “to be cultivating the ground in little patches aud controlling all the oftices.’? | it is hard to believe that such a story can be true 0! men of ordinary human sagacity. Many of the Southern States have sent agents to Europe to induce emigration, but I found the crudest notions prevailing in the South as to the whole scope and nature oiluimnigration: Most of the people conceive the immigrant to be some kind of a beast, who will be a substitute oi the negro and work not for him- self but for them—the old residents, It is unneces- sary to say that no such man exists whose services will be worth the price of his passage money. There is a provincial prejudice in the South against new-comers who would exercise any influence, and a man is called a stranger in the South who has lived there twenty years. A healthy and con- tinuous emigration is never led by mere brutes, but by men of faculties and audacity, wno go ahead and their constituency follows. Kentucky was unanimously settied by lawyers from Virginia, North Carolina and Pennsylvania, and so Much litigation followed in consequence that the whole State was plastered three deep with conflicting titles, Of the same class is much Of the present im- migration to Texas, which is the only healthy tide of movement in the whole South. If the Texas people were to turn back every lawyer and politi- clan they would erely ve repeating what the goons from Virginia to Louisiana do now with orthern men. ‘The social closeness of old society inevitably drives every Northern man, though of the best intentions, right into carpet-baggers’ hands, Who cares to immigrate iuto a region where his wile is not called upon and where the everlast- ing and remorseless topics of the hour are politics and the negro, A gentleman in Atlanta said to me— “OUR WOMEN have carried their feelings too far, and we have lost many a good man who might have acted with us and spent his money amongst us because we gave him no social encouragenient. I have often Jelt a desire to take such aman up to my house, but am deterred by the fear that my daughters might offend him.” ‘To @ great degree the fact is true that Northern women get no hospitatity at all in the Gulf States. The Northern settler can have daily dealings in business and contab with the men of the place, but at the coming of night curtains are drawn and the settler feels that he is still a stranger. I felt a saa- ness to see these surly conditions amongst people who might do each other good, and to hear the constant remark amongst Northern men of “the South will never come to anything until the old generation dies off,” while the Southerner is equally certain that the bu solution wiil be to eXpei the carpet-baggers and remove the negroes back to Africa, ‘The most GIGANTIO PIECE OF STUPIDITY which any people ever entertained is that of the | Colonization Society, to remove the only labor and the most coasonant labor out of the South atter it | has been brought there at frightinl expense and | trained and civilized, merely to carry out a politi- cal prejudice, without a particle of moral science or public necessity in it. It can be established that there is no real discord between the native whites and blacks by the fact that the democratic Legisla- vure of Alabama prefers and proposes to elect a negro to the United States Senate to defeat Par- sons or rece Parsons has lived thirty-two years in Alabama, and would be an honor to the State in the Senate, yet he is still called a Yankee. Spencer is a genuine carpet-bagger, but he isa man of amiable nature, and the amount of hate which is turned upon him is out of proportion to his oifensiveness, Still, when a democratic Legislature votes solidiy for & negro to go to the Senate it may be inferred that to eat crow has got to be a luxury. One {8 everywhere struck in the South with the courteous and gentle natures of many of the native people, and it is with difficulty that a tourist can overieap their | | gracious behavior to look beyond it at an array of | tacts which must be met and exhibited to do an good there, The trouble which exists in the Sout as all grown up since the war. When the South- ern armies so aiicntly and maniully disbanded, | perfect peace and the desire for recuperation and | repose prevatied in all the Southern land, There | existed a general desire to look to tie North for advice and to carry out the conditions of the surrender, Both parties in the North made a mess of reconstruction. Mr. Lincoln himseif permitted the old Confederate Legislatures to assemble, and governments under which society was to organize im @ natural and speedy way. At once everybody jell out. The Northern republicans saw that they were bound to lose the South, and tor a political end and no other they stopped all the provisional governments and made more machinery for @ second reconstruction. The democratic party oc cupied @ Wholly jactious position trom the vegin- ning, apologizing for all excesses, and embittered ted ight for the Southern people. The white population in the South was far from guiltless, and whenever one of their old citizens, such as Mur- phy, in Arkansas; Parsons, in Alabama, or Hahn, Tn Louisiana, got to be Governor, he was hooted at and quickly made to get down, so that the carpet-bagger appeared to be the only alterna- tive. There was a general absence or sacriiice or statesmansiip. he negro was terrorized of ing conciliated, so that to fy the carpet-bagger for to vantage of the situation and mastered every com- monwealth except Kentucky. Carpet-baggery be- came imperial and the States wasted with war, and its demoralizations were picked to tie bone and the consequences of rebellion carried over to the second generation. AGAINST CARPET-DAGGERY, PRR SE, there was never any rising im the South; for there is reason to believe that too many native South- erne of wealth and influence, shared in the lunder of Kimball, Littlefield and Southworth, In ew Urieans some of the ablest generals of the Yonfederate army and some of the most responsi- bie bankers have been all the while invisibly at the carpet-baggers' side, The leading bayker ia Atianta said to me, “We all got drunk with Kimball and are just now getting sober. Tiere are plenty of people in this town who are now foremost in ex- ecrating Kimball, who would cover their faces if he should come back here and oyen his boo! The organization called the Ku Klux, which some have accredited to General Forrest and some to Wade Hampton, was the joint vroduct of political ferment and of the instability of field labor. The Southern landholder, undertaking to keep all his broad acres and take the of his overseer, Was met at the outstart with tie want of money, indifferent business abilities and the unsteadiness of the freedmen. The negro, seeing no moncy for two or three months at a time, would finally get discouraged and knock of, and the plancer would fud his whele crop in daager of destruction. If he made a crop and his profits were consumed by some unwonted circumstances, or he squandered Bee hig a oe we par pe ey ipo their a ie Bt - ment upon him, ij . ballast ia THE ORIGINAL KU KLUX conspiracy was an insane attempt to substitute a secret magistracy of master over slave again, 80 that the laborer should be compelled to keep their contract until the op. Was gathered and be de- terred from annoying his employer by litigation, A Mr, Betts, at Montgomery, who is now @ sort of 7 rat-arims for Senator Spencer, and is a ‘ate man, with a very mild look, told me that ud been Grand Cyclops of the Ku Klux, and i 18 Original design was to stop negroes from sueing and make them work out the season. But such & conspiracy was availed of by politicians, poor whites, assassins and groggery loafers, 80 that society was brutalized in every direction, the country became unsale for man, woman or child, and wheu the United States had to interfere the carpet-bagger's grip was tightened, the negro hated the white man, and the consequences in every respect were Leena de the conspirators, ‘The track of the fugitive Ku Klux can be followed from the swamps of the Carolinas to Arkansas, ‘The late war in Pope county was participated in by Ao had hunted dowa the Lowerys in North Jarolina. NATURAL WEALTH. Everything exists in the South which was on the spot when it claimed to be the richest portion of the earth, If that section possesses a tithe of the statesmanship which it always claimed to have it shouid be able to harmonize existing conditions; but this cannot be done by the Ku Klux Order, by a reactionary spirit, by purbiind politics, or by un- once alliances with men like Warmoth, or lind devotion to garrulous and whimsical old fos- ails like A. H. Stephens, ‘The principle of justice and the practice of patience and cheerfulness are the qualities required in Southern statesmanship. This generation must be content to be poor in order that the next may be manly and comfortable. To antagonize the negro, the better disposed North- ern man, the age and the gencral government is merely to THROW AWAY A NOBLE OPPORTUNITY to prove the true greatness of Southern manhood and womanhood. Many generations of negroes have worn the harness o1 slavery with patience, and there is no righteousness in holding this poor subject to be the cause of the disadvantages which now prevail. To teach the negro how to be a citi- zen will be @ nobler business than to asseverate that he never ought to have been. Perhaps tne North made @ mistake in precipitating tne negro into the franchise, but it was a mistake which ne- cessity demanded, and its inconveniences are only at pormy . The meaner class of carpet-baggers are bound to disappear from the South, but every Northern man who settles there and takes a part in public affairs to protect his property and make a career is not a carpet-bagger, There have been old rebel oiticers honored with positions and no- body scandalized them; for the plain fact must be said that the itreedom of speech and travel in the North had catholicized our s0- ciety, while the South, and especially the ladies thereof, grew provincial under tre rigid police con- ditions of the slave period. We have in the North an enormous population of people who would be glad to escape from our rigorous climate and settle in pleasant Southern towns like Huntsville, Augusta, Shreveport and Columbia. ‘They have a periect right to take their part in politics and dis- cussion, but the social code must relax before that land will ever be inviting to Northern men. The enormous number of people who go every Winter auong the shores of the Guif stream in Georgia and Florida complain that the hotel rates are out of all proportion to the comfort bestowed, FREE LABOR, The substitution of tree for slave labor may have an injurious effect on the sugar crop, owing to the fact tuat heavy work must be done when the cane comes to a certain stage of sap; but 1 apprehend that this fear, like many others, will vanish when put to the vest of free labor. ART MATTERS. Among the Galleries. The approach of Christmas has had its usual effect in brightening up the art stores, in prepara- tion for the time when every one will become gen- erous and open-handed. The marvels of artistic skill that have been carefully culled in all the countries of Europe are now brought forth from their hiding places, where only the initiated were aliowed to enjoy a furtive glance, as the surprises instore for the great public that opens its heart and loosens its purse strings as soon as the first faint chimes of the Christmas bells ring through the chilly air, It is not tod much to say that a visit to the various art galleries at this moment is no ordinary treat to a lover of the wsthetic. In all of them are briliiant and admirable ex- amples of the painter's skill. The catholl- cism of art is practically enforced, for we see all the polished nations represented with the greatest impartiality. Wherever there is skillea workmanship and genius there patronage extends. No question of race or clime is here en- tertained, and all may enter who possess the dia- mond passport of genius. Only one regret comes to the mind in wandering about these galleries, and it is caused by the comparatively small space occu- pled by native art. ‘This we know in a great meas- ure is caused by the iact that the best of our artists are too conscientious to be very prolific, and they can dispose of their works to better advantage in the studios, The exclusion of the less meritorious is, no doubt, a misfortune for them, but is due to strict business necessity. For the moment there is no grand sensation in art matters, and the public must turn again to the galleries in pursuit of novel artistic pleasures. We snail first peer in, en passant, ; to a few of the principal galleries to see what pabu: lum has been provided for the artistic palate of our readers, SCHAUS’ GALLERY. The selection of works in this gallery has been made with judicious care, and wherever we turn we are met with some remarkable example of one of the European schools. Here also painting docs | not entirely usurp the gallery, but sculpture re- | ceives w respectiul attention. ‘This ts a@ depart- ment of art which we should like to see more culti- vated in the galleries, as it would have the eifect of educating the public taste so as to prevent the erection of those scarecrow monuments that threaten to permanently distigure the city. For- tunately we have faith in the growing intelligence in matters of art of our people, and look forward to the day when the Lincolns and Morses that at present act as a warning to avoid great- ness will be consigned to the smelting pot. Rauche’s figure of “Victory,” and a number of other works of less importance give representa- tive completeness to tie collection, such as we have in no other gallery. Among tne paintings two are of extraordinary merit and would by themselves well repay a visit—one, a landscape, by Achenback, which shows such an improvement on the works we usually see after him in America as to be abso.utely startling. It isa tranquil river scene, with some boats lying near the banks, and in the distance a town, but with open country in- tervening., ‘Ihe sense of atmosphere and the day- light effects have been marvellously rendered with a ireshuess and jorce which leaves nothing to be desired, {his work has nothing of the convention- alism thit we are accustomed to in Achenback's works, but is painted with a vigor and naturainess that marks a new epoch in this artist’s works, ‘An Italian Mother and Child,’ by Bouguereau, is a work of great importance, both trom its size and the merits of its painting. We have all the wonderful delicacy, comined with the strength that Knowl- be gives in this work, Both the modelling o/ the child, form and the flesh painting of the child are admirable, As is usnal with this artist, he has concentrated his power on the child and mace the workmansbip a marvel of skill and finish, “A Scene in Versailles’ in the olden time, by Comte, well deserves attention for its technical merit and the cunning by which a very ordinary incident is made into an exquisite picture, GOUPIL'S GALLERY. The chief attraction here for the American pub- lic will undoubtediy be the last work of our native artist, Boughton, We have already noticed at some length his “Idyl of the Birds,’ but we could not pass it by without mention. Meissonier’s “Vidette,” one of his most important works, 1s also on exhibition, and has been noticed in our columns. A little picture by Gues, likely enough to escape notice, called the “Standard Bearer,” deserves particular attention trom the solidity of the painting and the depth and briiliancy of the colers, “Luke George,” by David Johnson, shows the conscientious work of that artist and the improvement which resuits from close and careful study. Both in the quality of the color and the treatment there is a marked improvement. An admirable still life by Desgoffe displays wondertul workmanship, Preyer also is represented, and we have admirable spect- mens of native art in a marine picture by Moran which absolutely smells o! the sea. Its atmospheric effects are perfectly delightiul and juli of breezy sentiment. There are quite a number of other works which deserve mention, but we have neither the time nor space to speak of them as they merit. SOMETHING WRONG BEE. Boston, Dec. 13, 1872. Applications have been presented from ten wards to have the votes for Mayor recounted, and prob- ably the entire Mayoralty vote of the city will be recounted, OT WRECK OF A STEAMSHIP. The Pacific Steamship Tacora Lost om the Coast of Uruguay. pe Ocean Race Commercial Competition and Its Disx astrous Consequences—The Old and New Pa- cific Lines, Their Enterprise, Vessels and Rivalry—“Struck” by the Island of Palmetos—A‘d from a British War Ship and Other Craft—Causes and the Consequences. Rio JANEIRO, Nov. 5, 1872, The French steamer Senegal, of the Messageries Maritimes line, arrived here yesterday from Monte- video, bringing intelligence of the loss of the Pacifico. steamship Tacora, on the Uruguayan coast, ata point 200 miles to the northeast of Montevideo, on the night of the 28th of Octoner. Although the Senegal did not leave Montevideo until the 3ist of October, and many of the passen- gers of the Tacora had then reached Montevideo, yet the details are very meagre, even Messrs. E. PL Wilson & Co., the agents of the Pacific line at thia place, not having received @ line or word concern- ing the disaster. I am able, however, to give a few items concerning the matter, whuch I shall send by the Senegal, which sails for Bordeaux in the morn- ing. OCEAN RACE COMPETITION, The Aconcagua and Tacora, both new steamers of the old Pacific line, and the White Star steamer Republic, of the new Pacific line, were due here from Europe on the 19th, 28d and 25th of October, respectively, and an unusual amount of interest was felt in their arrival, inasmuch as the first two were new steamers and competing with the Re- public, the pioneer steamer of the new line, The Tacora came into port on the morning of Thursday, October 24, and as the Aconcagua had not arrived preparations were made to despatch the ‘Tacora immediately and anticipate as much time of the competing steamer Republic as possible, the Tacora being already one day behind time. She was, therefore, coaled immediately, and went to sea at twelve o'clock on the night of the 24th, The Republic came in at twelve o’clock noon on Friday, October 25 (her exact time due here), and sailedat twelve o’clock nooh of the 26th, Saturday. Both steamers were bound to Montevideo, and thence, via tie Straits of Magellan, to the Pacitle coast, Valparaiso and Callao, ON THE REEF. On the night of Monday, October 28, it being very dark and somewhat “thick,” the Tacora suddenly and without the slightest warning, struck on @ portion of the island of Palmetos, crusbing in her hull to such an extent that her fires were extin- guished almost instantly, and with the remaining power of which her engines were equal she was “beached.” THE ISLAND OF PALMETOS is not far distant from shore, and is sixty miles to the east of Cape Santa Maria, which is a well- known point oi the coast fifty miles to the east of Maldonado, and 150 miles to the north and east of Montevideo, NAVAL AND OTHER AID. As soon a sible miormation of the disaster was sent to Montevidao, and the English s!oop-of war Pearl, Captain Stcoud, and the English gun- boat Pert, Commander Charles G. Jones, RK. N., left for the scene of the wreck, and with such other as- sistance as could be obtained all the passengers, the mails and a portion of the cargo were safely taken from the Tacora. The steamer now lies firmly on the beach with no probability of her re- moval. A pampero, liable at any moment to arise, would destroy her utterly in twelve hours, CONCERNING THE CAUSE. Itis quite impossible at present to speak with any dednitivences or certainty of the causes which led to this unusually unfortunate affair, Captain Stuart, who commanded the Tacora, is considered one of the most etticient commanders in the Paciflo line, and his spectatty in this trade may, berhapa,, be considered nis a e ngwiad e and faut iarity with “Smythe Straits,’ ad thé Shorter pass- age Of tie Straits of Magellan is known. The sec- ofd ofMcer, at this time, was Mr. C, H, Brough, @ most efiicient oMicer and affable gentleman, who has filied many posts in this line, not long ago bringing out in ® most satisfactory manner the fine steamer Santiago, of this line, to run on the West South American coast. The conjecture which seems to have more reason than any other as caus- ing the disaster is this:— A BETTER LIGHT was to be established on Cape Santa Maria, and the lighthouse was finished and notification givem in all the proper channels that this light would be formally exposed on the last week in June; but, by reason of some mistake in its construction, three days before the time appointed for the exposure of the light the structure came down. The loss of the light was known in Montevideo and along the coast here soon afterwards, Notice of the failure of the light was made by the Engiish Admiralty om August 15 last, and it certainly seems as though any navigator coming here would naturally have become familiar with the fact. The presumption, however, is that the oficers, or navigator, of the ‘Tacora were unaware of the non-existence of tl light. and were really running for it, being perha; set to landward also by a two or three knot sout erly or southwesterly current. The very absence of a light when expected would, however, amply give cause tor the disaster. z It is presumed also that the Tacora was running close in shore, comparatively, to enable her to make better time, as, this being her first trip, and with the Republic—her first trip also—ol a com- peting line, immediately behind her, it was a mat ter of much moment that she should at least reach the Pacific ports ahead of the Republic. Although the Repubiic came in on the 25th of Octo- ber, heavily laden, having on board more than 1our thousand tons of cargo and a fair passenger list, and hence in no condition to make a trial of speed, yetin England and at the Pacifle ports many thow sand pounds sterling nad been staked on the re- sults of the voyages. THE TACORA was a new, fine, triple-musted screw steamer, and was built by Messrs. Join Elder & Co., on the Clyde. She was a fine ship, and, though built with more relerence to her cargo Capacity tham passenger accommodation, she had yet arrange- ments for Pastanaers by which a large number might have been accommodated in the most per- ject manner. ‘The saloon, which was at the alter end of the main deck, had staterooms leading from it on euch side, was about one hundred feet in length, and finished, decorated and equipped im the best style, and witn all the latest improve- ments. The engines were of the compound pat- tern, and, I think, were of 600 nomunal horse power, but capable of indicating 3,500. She could carry early or quite 800 tons of coal, and when at full Steaming power consumed on an average fifty to fifty-five tons per day. The gross register tom hage ‘was 4,000 tons, and she was able to carry cargo up to 3,700 tons. Her length over all was 423 feet and 391 feet on the water line, with breadth of 41 fect and depthof 35 feet. Both the Aconcagua aud the Tacora were of the | highest class, and their periormance was looked forward to by mercantile and nautical men with eager interest; and now, the former broken down so as to make her a week behind time to this pork. and the latter lies probably a helpless wreck om the coast of Uruguay. THE SKATERS’ OUTLOOK. How the Devotces of the Irons Did Net Enjoy Themselves Yesterday—A Good Time Coming. The skating fraternity were in great glee yester- terday over the cold snap. Somehow it got ru- mored about that the ball was up at the Arsenal and on the Observatory and the consequence was & great rush of the skatists of the small fry order to the Park. But they were one and all doomed to disappointment, for though the Park Commission- ers have so tar done all that they could to: HURRY UP THE SEASON, they had not, at least up to late last evening, beem able to make the lakes freeze solidly enough te bear up the would-be skaters against all the dis comforts & sudden cold water bath would mage them heir to. The houses are ail in readiness, and the restaurant baking dishes and soup bowls an@ clam fritter plates are likewise in apple order, awaiting the grand opening when Juck Frosts ad- mirers Will troop along and make the caterer’ daily profit a thing of joy for a whole day ata time as any rate; but, to make everything just a» tt should be, it should be borne in mind that the Commis- sioners' estimate of what the proper thickness of the ice should be to guarantee everybody's safety depends not so much upon what they would have it as upon What a cold snap or & series of cold snaps may make it between now and Christmas, Besides, those who are so anxious to have the season open before the Winter King is ready should remember that for the past ten years the first skating day of each year has in only one in- stance happened a day or two belore Christmas. It takes ab least ‘A WEEK OF COLD SNAPS to put the lakes in a proper condition; and as great care had to be taken by the Park authorities not to allow the crowds that flock to the lakes whenever the ball, in their opinion, ought to be up, to venture on the ice before it is solid enougt: to bear up ten or iliteen thousand ata time, of course the fretful ones have always more or less of a waiting fever to undergo. ‘This year the water in the lakes hus been reauced to a depth of about three feet, This will allow the “freezes” to take hold of it and turn it into good skating ground more rapidly than it the summer depth of the water was adhered te. I, under the circumstances, when the season is opened, some unlucky wight should cooily venture into an “air-hoie” and get drowned, his fricnds will have to biame his svalure rather than the dauger itaolf.