The New York Herald Newspaper, November 6, 1872, Page 8

6 NEW YORK HERAL BROADWAY AND ANN STREET. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR. Aci business or news letters and telegraphic despatches must be addressed New Youre Hepaxp. Letters and packages should be properly FieTH AVENUE THEATRE, Twenty-fourth street.— Tan INCONSTANT. ACADEMY OF MUSIC. Fourteenth street.—Itauian Orena—Carisrino £ L4 Comann. WOOD'S MUSEUM, Broadway, corner Thirtieth st.— Tax Sitver Demon. Alternoon and Evening. THEATRE COMIQUE, 514 Broadway.—Ix1on: on, Tax Man at tux Waxet, Matinee at 234. WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broadway and Thirteenth strect.—PYGMALION AND GALATEA, BOOTH’S THEATRE, Twenty-third street, corser Sixth avenue.—Kxury—Jxssiz Brown. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Macseta—A Tair To WILLIAMSBURG. GRAND OPERA HOUSE, Twenty-third st. and Eighth ay.—Rot Canorre. UNION SQUARE THEATRE, Broadway, between Thir- teenth Bnd Fourteenth streets. —AGNES.* GERMANIA THEATRE, Fourteenth strect, near Third av.—Ein Lustsrei.. OLYMPIC THEATRE, Broadway. between Houston amd Bleecker gt.—Bansz Buxor. BRYANT'S OPERA MOUSE. Twenty-third st.. corner ‘6th av.—NeGro MinstreELsy Eccentricity, &c. 718 BROADWAY, EMERSON’S MINSTRELS.—Geand Exmiortan Eccentnicitixs. MRS, F. B, CONWAY'S BROOKLYN THEATRE.— Annan Na Pocus. WHITE'S ATHENZUM, 585 Broadway.—Nsaro Min- STRELSY,&C. Matinee at 24. ‘ TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, No. 201 Bowery.— Granp Vanizty Enrertainment, &¢. SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS, St. James Theatre, corner ot 28th st. and Broadway.—ETHioriaN MINSTRELSY. BAILEY'S GREAT CIRCUS ANB MENAGERIE, feot ‘of Houston street, East River. ASSOCIATION HALL, 23d st. and 4th av,—Mns. JaRier's Wax Works. AMERICAN INSTITUTE FAIR, Third ay., between 634 and Gth streets. NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Broadway.— SCIENCE AND ART. ‘TRIPLE SHEET. New Yerk, Wednesday, Nov. 6, 1872. THE NEWS OF YESTERDAY. 'To-Day’s Contents of the Herald. eng ‘THE NATIONAL RESULT! THE OVERWHELM- ING RE-ELECTION OF GENERAL GRANT AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE OPPOSITION COALITION’—LEADING EDITORIAL—SixTu Page. THE ELECTORS’ VERDICT, PEACE!) SWEEPING REPUBLICAN VIC- TORY! TWENTY-SIX STATES DECLARE FOR GRANT! ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FROM THE KEYSTONE! DIX ELECTED GOVERNOR! HAVEMEYER FOR MAYOR! THE BOURBON BALLOON—Tairp Paae. AT THE POLLS ! INCIDENTS OF THE ELECTION: ACTION OF ‘THE POLICE . AND UNITED STATES MARSHALS; WAITING FOR THE RETURNS AT THE HERALD OFFICE, HEAD- QUARTERS AND CLUBS: POPULAR CAN- VASS OF THE RESULT—Fourra Pages. INDIA OF EGYPT! LIFE IN THE NUBIAN DESERT: NEEDS OF THE SOUDAN: PRO- MOTING THE ‘“DOORKEEPER OF HELL: DESERT DANGERS AND SPLENDORS: CAMEL-BACK TRAVEL—NINTH PaGE. MEXICO! THE CATTLE STEALING ON THE RIO GRANDE: TERRIBLE WORK BY BANDITTI: TORTURED TO DEATH: KIDNAPPING— TENTH PaGE. CUBAN NEWS—ARREST OF ONE OF THE LOWERY GANG — WASHINGTON — SCAN- NELL—TENTH PAGE. RAILROAD WEALTH AND WORK ! A DETAILED AND TABULATED STATEMENT: IMMENSE TRAFFIC AND MAGNIFICENT RETURNS: THE ERIE PRESIDENT ON ALBANY LOB- BYING—FIFTH PaGE. SPANISH MISRULE IN THE ANTILLES! CIVIL WAR IMMINENT IN PORTO RICO: CUBAN ASSAULT UPON CANO: DETERMINED EF- FORTS TO REMOVE VILLAMIL—ELEVENta “LET US HAVE THE PAGE. CONDITION AND WANTS OF THE NAVY! WHAT SECRETARY ROBESON WILL REPORT— « NintH Pace. OBJECTS AND ACTION OF THE NATIONAL BOARD OF TRADE—DANGEROUS STAB- BING—NINTH PAGE. THE WALL STREET MARKETS—THE PIEDMONT RAILROAD SEIZURE—E1gutu Pas. THE ‘COURTS—COLLISION ON THE HUDSON— OBITUARY—EIGHTH PaGE. CABLE NEWS FROM EUROPE, ASIA AND AUS- TRALASIA! RUSSIAN OPERATIONS IN THE EAST: THE ENGLISH PRESS ON THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY: BAZAINE’S TRIAL—TENTH PaGE. France Boyine Orr tHe Geemans.—Heroic France hastens to free her soil from the pres- ence of the soldiers of her conqueror. She has astonished the world by the alacrity with which her patriotic sons and daughters brought forth from their secret hoards immense sums of money at the call of the Republic to dis- charge the enormous bill of damages which Germany imposed upon her for the folly of Napoleon. This weck it isto be reduced by two hundred million francs, and at the end of the year only two milliards will remain unpaid. Every true Fretichman chafes at the sit of Prussian garrisons in French towns, and will most heartily rejoice when “the prompt pay- ment of the indemnity shall have sent the last of the odious picklehaubers over the frontier. However justly France suffered in the war and from it, her promptness in rallying from its effects and discharging the debt it brought upon her is worthy of high admiration and speaks ample promise for her glorious future. Tue Kino or Saxony anp His Gorpen Wep- DING.—On Monday the golden wedding of the King and Queen of Saxony was celebrated in Dresden with imposing ceremonies. Of course the leading nobles of Saxony were present on the occasion; but what gave particular inter- est to the ceremony was the presence of the Emperor of Germany, the Empress and the Crown Prince. As it has been known for some time that there was a coldness between the royal family of Saxony and the imperial government, the presence ot the Emperor, the Empress and the Crown Prince encourages the belief that the differences are healed. It is a good omen for the continuance and prosperity of the Rmnira, NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1872—TRIPLE SHEET. The National Kesult—The Overwh img Re-Blection of General Grant and the Collapse of the Opposition Coalition. A tidal wave has indeed swept over the country, and upon its foaming crest General Grant rides victoriously into another Presi- dential term, The crucial test of the Penn- sylvania October election throughout the North appears to have reduced to a collapse the opposition coalition upon the Cincinnati ticket of Greeley and Brown, while in the South, as in 1868, the democracy seem to have been inspired, even in “the last ditch,” with high hopes of success ; but as the uprising of the sea from the throes of an earthquake, which some years ago with a mountain wave, at St. Thomas, carried up and deposited cart- loads of fish on the neighboring hills, so now, as bya tremendous groundswell, all the en- gineers and the machinery of the Presidential opposition alliance are, with Greeley and Brown, left high and dry miles away from the water. Account for it as we may upon the popular strength of General Grant or, the weakness of Mr. Greeley, or upon the feeble- ness of the Greeley republicans, or the bolt of the democratic Bourbons, or upon all these things combined, the result is in many re- spects the most remarkable of any Presidential election in the history of the United States. For the details of the elections of yesterday, as far as received, we refer the reader to other pages of this paper, and we would especially commend to his thoughtful perusal the vote of the ‘‘Empire State’’ for Grant and Wilson and Dix and the republican State ticket. It will be perceived that our anticipa- tion of a decisive defeat in this State of the opposition alliance upon their Presidential ticket and their State ticket are amply fulfilled in the results. Whatever of popular strength was promised the democracy from Mr. Greeley was lost in the unwise and inopportune nomi- nation of Mr. Kernan against General Dix, and go the verdict of New York is strength- ened against Greeley and Brown by the blunders of the democratic managers at Syracuse. And now this embittered, exhausting and demoralizing conflict having terminated with the verdict from the people which gives an- other lease of four years to the present adminis- tration, we may turn to consider the causes of this opposition defeat and the probable conse- quences. It will doubtless be said by the democrats that their adoption of the Cincinnati candidates and platform was the fatal blunder ; that the liberal or anti-Grant republicans, represented to the democracy as a powerful party, turned out only a corporal’s guard of disappointed office-seekers here and there ; that Mr. Greeley’s popularity had been magni- fied to ten times its actual proportions—that the scattering reinforcements which he brought to the democratic party were greatly.outnumbered by the democrats driven off by his name with his obnoxious radical antecedents ; that his nomination as the democratic Presidential standard-bearer demoralized and paralyzed the party, and thatin the results of the North Carolina election it was discovered that this old and powerful organization had sacrificed itself upon the altar of Mr. Greeley and negro suffrage for less than a mess of pottage. We expect now to hear some such com- plaints as these from the democratic party, while from the liberal republicans we appre- hend the retort will be given that the demo- crats in this joint stock arrangement did not in good faith fulfil their part of the compact ; but that, what with their lukewarm support and apologies for Mr. Greeley, and what with their Louisville straight conventions and Bourbon meetings and manifestoes, and what with their general apathy and their desertions in the elections from August to November in- clusive, they brought defeat upon the move- ment which otherwise might have been a glori- ous success, These accusations on both sides, at all events, may to a great extent be justly made. The popularity of Mr. Greeley was unduly magnified from the outset by his too enthusiastic admirers, and their estimates of his followers from the republican camp were preposterous. On the other hand, ‘it is equally true that the democratic party, rank and file, never responded so carelessly or flip- pantly to a democratic Presidential ticket as they responded to the nominations of Greeley and Brown. And yet, under all the peculiar difficulties of the party, it had but little to lose and much to hope for from the new departure. From the significant general results of the State elections of 1871, including the revolu- tion in New York against Tweed and his Tammany Ring, the conviction had fixed nates, oracles and arithmeticians, that without democratic party would enter the Presidential campaign of 1872 against General Grant without a chance or a hope of success. Hence this fusion with the Cincinnati anti- this coalition be limited to the weakness of the anti-Grant republicans and their ticket, or to the indifference and demoralization of the democrats. The ticket would have answered the purpose, and the coalition would have been sufficient to carry it through, with a case | against the administration commanding the | support of the floating element of the coun- try. But the case against General Grant was | too weak for this purpose. Made up of charges of corruption not established nor generally believed; of promises of civil service | reform too shadowy to attract public atten- tion; of an acceptance of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments widely distrusted, and of a plea for universal amnesty and Southern reconciliation so broad and comprehensive as to excite suspicion of a meditated surrender to Southern rights as expounded by Alexander H. Stephens, the case of the opposition coali- tion against General Grant is swept away by his case against the coalition. The administration party pyesented in their case for General Grant his practical reforms and retrenchments; his payment of hundreds of millions of the public debt, with reductions amounting to hundreds of millions of our na- tional taxations; his foreign policy of peace and arbitration; his humane Indian policy; his conciliatory treatment of the Southern ex- rebel whites while executing the Ku Klux laws of Congress for the protection of the Southern blacks; and, above all, the safety under Grant of our established financial sys- tem—bonds, banks, currency and all the stu- pendous business affairs of the country de- ‘ pending npon this financial system; and, on " the other hand, the daugers of a financial con- itself in the minds of the democratic mag- | reinforcements from the republican camp the | Grant republicans. Nor can the defeat of | valsion and collapse that would follow the election of Greeley, with a party at his back intent upon various Quixotic financial experi- ments, including the immediate resumption of specie payments at all hazards. This case for the administration was too strong for the cloudy and unsubstantial case of the oppo- sition, The American people have accord- ingly decreed in favor of the safety of their general interests under the existing adminis- tration, and against the doubts and dangers involved in the indefinite and uncertain de- signs and tendencies of an opposing coalition, charged with no higher bond of union in their late canvass than the spoilsman’s shibboleth of ‘‘anything to beat Grant!" ' Here, then, we open a new chapter in the history of our political parties. Heavy, in- deed, have been the misfortunes of the demo- cratic party since it broke faith upon the slavery question in the repeal of the Missouri compromise. First came the quarrel and dis- ruption of the party in the Charleston Con- vention, then the election of Lincoln, then the Southern rebellious Confederacy and the rebellion, and so on, to the re-election of Lincoln, and next to the election of Grant, and now to his re-election, which by his sup- porters it is believed secures the permanent establishment of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments, and the general policy of the administration, foreign and domestic, with such amendments only or such changes here and there os the adminis- tration party may deem wise and expedient. What, then, will be the new departure of the opposition forces, including the democratic party, from this decisive re-glection of General Grant? Whatever they may do, they will do well first to eonsider their blunders, which have contributed to Grant’s success, and to recognize the necessity of a more practical Opposition programme than that of Sumner, Trumbull and Schurz, as embodied in Greeley and Brown. To General Grant his triumphant re-elec- tion is a popular endorsement of his adminis- tration of which he may well be proud. But he should now aim at something higher than Mr. Fish’s policy of peace with foreign nations at any cost, and at something better than Mr. Boutwell’s game of bluff with the gold gam- blers- of Wall street. We think the country has the right to expect, and will expect, with the second inauguration of General Grant on the 4th of March, a new Cabinet and a new policy, especially in our relations with Spain and Mexico, which will put the ‘‘Great Repub- lic’’ on the high road to the fulfilment of its “manifest destiny.’’ fee Re The Next Congress. The returns ‘for the Congressmen elect are so meagre that we can base conelusions as to the character of the next House of Representa- tives only on the general reports. One thing, however, is plain, and that is, that the repub- lican majority in the Forty-third Congress will be larger than it is in the Forty-second. The men who were the leaders in the liberal movement have, without exception, failed of a re-election. Banks is beaten by Gooch in Massachusetts. Farnsworth failed to get the liberal and democratic nomination in Ilinois, and Blair, of Michigan, was not renominated by reason of being a candidate for Governor. Neither he nor Farnsworth could have been elected had they been candidates. The only republican member of the present House from this State who took up arms against his party was Milo Goodrich, of the Twenty-seventh district. He, too, is beaten. The heavy republican majority in the State on both the national and State tickets leaves no chance for Cox, and the defeat of Shaw in the Eighth, Cox’s old district, shows that he could not have been’ elected even had he preferred not to roam at large. Roberts, Brooks, Wood, Creamer and Mel- lish are elected from the other city districts, some of them by greatly reduced majorities, So far none of the republican candidates are beaten who ought to have been beaten except Sypher, of Louisiana, though it is likely that Stoughton, of California, will fail, owing to his action on the Goat Island job. If the job- bers, both democratic and republican, had been left at home the country would be better off for yesterday’s work. The contrary, how- ever, is the case, for unfortunately some of the best leaders of the honest men in the present House will be lost ‘to the next Con- gress. Kerr was sacrificed in Indiana in Octo- ber, and thus the most earnest and thorough free trader in the House is no longer to lead a demoralized opposition, and the loss of Cox in this State adds still further to the weakness of the democracy on financial questions. Hol- man will be the opposition leader against the jobbers, and we may fairly expect that men like Roberts, of this city, and Arthur, of Ken- tucky, will take a more active part in the Forty-third Congress than they have cared to show so farin the present Congress. Blaine will of course be again the Speaker, and the republican strength will be marshalled very tauch as in the present House. Dawes and Butler and Garfield and Wheeler will all be in their old places, and Brooks and Wood will continue to hold their positions in the Com- mittee of Ways and Means and Foreign Af- fairs respectively. The administration will be all powerful, first, because of its numerical strength, and, secondly, from the fact that the republican party has re-elected nearly all its ablest Congressmen, while many of the best men in the opposition have been sacrificed to the liberal movement. ‘ Russia and Germany. It is gratifying to know that so far as Russia and Germany are concerned there is but small likelihood that on any early day the peace of Europe will be disturbed. The Czar Alexan- der has just written an autograph letter to Prince Charles, brother of the Emperor of Germany, on the occasion of the fiftieth anni- versary of his appointment to the honorary colonelcy of a Russian regiment. The Ozar calls to mind ‘‘the glorious deeds of the allied armies of Prussia and Russia when fighting in a holy cause ;'’ and he expresses the hope that “the ties of friendship between the countries will endure for generations.’’ What the holy cause was we do not remember, although we have some recollection of Prusso-Russian alliances against Poland and Hungary. From the standpoint of a Russian Emperor or a Pras- sian King it might be more easy for us to under- stand the meaning, of a holy cause or a holy alliance. Not enjoying that standpoint of observation we must leave the definition of the word “‘holy’’ w tue potentates thamsalvea. Tt is not at all wonderful that Russia and Prussia should be agreed. It would, to us, be more wonderful if they differed. We value this ex- preasion of the kindly feeling of the Czar towards the government of his uncle, because it seems to us to bea guarantee of lasting peace on the European Continent. The State and City of New York— The Grant and Dix Victory. The State of New York has declared for Grant and Dix by a majority which can only at present be estimated, but which will prob- ably reach forty thousand. The vast interesta of New York in the welfare and progress of the country and the conservative char- acter of the people insured the defeat of Mr. Greeley ; the blunder of the democracy in their State nominations made the triumph of General Dix certain. The result proves that the memory of the war of the rebellion has not yet had time to die out. In every village of the State the soldier who fought through the war is still the oracle among his com- panions ; and, with the hero of the Union army at the head of the national ticket, and one of its most popular generals leading the State ticket on the republican side, opposed by two civilians on the democratic side—one of whom, at least, was of doubtful loyalty during the nation’s peril—it was not difficult to foresee how the votes of the people would’ be cast. In such a contest the political issues raised by soreheaded republicans were swept out of sight. But even in the political aspect of the cam- paign it is evident that the liberal and demo- cratic coalition was an entire failure; that the masses of the democratic party stood algof from the bargain, and that the dissatisfied re- publicans could take nobody but themselves out of the party they deserted. The result in the State shows further that the tradings and bargainings ot the ward politicians who control the republican organization have been of no service either to President Grant or General Dix. The battle would have been won with- out them, and they have rather diminished than increased the republican majority. The people have voted for the successful condidates be- cause they respected them and had confidence in their loyalty, sincerity and integrity. The election in New York has been won emphati- cally upon the personal merits of the republi- can candidates, and not upon the popularity of the republican party or through the efforts of republican politicians. The vote of the city was remarkably light on President, falling seventeen thousand be- low the very insufficient. registration. Mr. Greeley received a majority of a little over twenty-two thousand, and this was in a great measure owing to his personal popularity and the respect felt for him as an able journalist: The general ex- pectation placed the liberal majority at a much lower figure, and, depending upon the disaffection of the O’Brien party and the bar- gains made with the Apollo Hall leader, the republican politicians made boasts that the city would actually give President Grant a majority. Mr. Kernan for Governor runs somewhat behind the Presidential ticket. The ballots were terribly mixed, some Assembly districts giving Mr. Kernan a much larger vote than Mr. Greeley, and other districts steadily decreasing his majority. The total gives him about three thousand less majority over General Dix than Mr. Greeley receives over President Grant. The Mayoralty result has, probably, astonished the people more than any other. James O’Brien, who was sup- posed to be the strongest candidate, has proved the weakest, the contest lying be- tween Mr. Lawrence and Mr. Have- meyer. The counting of the votes at headquarters was a tedious operation, owing to the many mixtures on the general ticket, All sorts of ballats were cast; some for Grant, Kernan and O’Brien; others for Greeley, Dix and Havemeyer, and so on throught every conceivable change. The chances seem to favor Mr. Havemeyer for Mayor by o small majority over Mr. Lawrence, while O’Brien is a long dis- tance behind. The republican judiciary ticket is elected entire, and the successful party carries two out of six Congressional dis- tricts. In fact, it is evident that the repub- licans shrewdly took advantage of the demo- cractic divisions to slip in their candidates, and whatever bargains they may have made have been broken at the polls. The Tonnage Dues Question. The government, it appears, is somewhat embarrassed by the question of tonnage dues, which has @tisen from the application of the company of the Belgian line of steamers be- tween Antwerp and New York for the return of such dues which have been collected at the New York Custom House. The claim is based upon the fourth article of the Conven- tion with Belgium of July 17, 1858, which provides that steamers engaged in regular navigation between Belgium and the United States shall be exempt in both countries from the payment of duties of tonnage, anchorage, buoys and lighthouses. This article not only exempts Belgian steamships, but, under the most favored nation clause of treaties with other countries, such countries can claim a like exemption. Our government must, there- fore, either abrogate the treaty with Belgium, and give the proper notice of such intention, or abandon tkese tonnage dues altogether. As the amount of duty received is only a little over @ ghundred thousand dollars a year from foreign steamers, and as this can hardly afford any protection worth considering to American shipping, it will be better, perhaps, to end the difficulty by giving up these tonnage dues on all the steamship lines. Tus New Commercian Treaty Between France anv Encranp.—The new commercial treaty between France and Great Britain, which has been in process of carefal, anxious negotiation during a lengthened period, was signed on behalf of both nations yesterday. This instrument is not a mere modification of the Cobden-Bonaparte paper, which was per- fected on the 23d of January, 1869, but a new one, in which the British principle of free trade is vindicated to renewed life, and by which its operation and consequences are likely to be rendered more marked and diffu- sive on the trading operations of the world. The commerce of Italy, Austria, Spain and Switzerland will be affected almost imme- diately, and the interests of the more ro- mote countries forced, as it were, into sym- pathy with the changa The Elections im the City. gather their impressions of America from the received a practical refutation yesterday. The general amash-up of parties last year intro- duced so many new and contending interests to complicate the main issue that trouble was looked forward to in some of the more law- less wards ‘of the city. Had disturbance occurred it would not have been much to be wondered at; but the fact that we have passed through a bitter and exciting contest without a single act of violence shows the value of popular institutions in educating the people up to the standard of self-respect which makes them guard as jeal- ously the liberties of others as they do their own. It is to be supposed that in a city like New York there are many hundreds who would be glad to seize any opportnnity to break the law; but the fact that public opinion has been sufficiently strong to restrain even these is in itself a high tribute to the value of our insti- tutions. ‘When we consider how often foreigners, and especially Englishmen, are in the habit of depreciating our system and representing New York as a place where neither life nor limb could be considered safe on election day, we find matter for congratulation that the triangular contest for Mayor, with the super- added interest of a Presidential and State elece tion, has passed off with the most perfect quiet. In no instance was there any interfer- ence with the rights of the voters. The citi- zens went to the ballot boxes and deposited their votes with the most perfect freedom from intimidation or interference of any kind. There were few challenges, and illegal voting was almost unknown. There was, however, no lack of interest, and excited politicians sought an outlet for their enthusiasm in back- ing their opinions in pool gambling. One of the most amusing features of the day was the constant disgust and indignation of small fry politicians and their friends who found themselves sold out by their allies. This was so common that he must have been a smart politician who could recognize a straight ticket. Nearly all of them had been tampered with ; an examination of the ballots issued from different boxes of the same stripe in almost every case showed some departure from the regular ticket. Reformers, Tam- manyites and republicans were mixed up in inextricable confusion, so that few people could tell exactly how matters stood. The wildest ramors were circulated with regard to the chances of the rival candidates, but nearly all the interest was concentrated on the strug- gle for the Mayoralty. While we must con- gratulate the community on the unbroken order that prevailed we must regret the want of well-defined principle which was manifested by the small political fry. These gentry bar- tered their votes and their influence in the most shameless manner, selling out their friends for some personal advantage. We re- gret that men seeking public trust should be guilty of such moral turpitude, and it certainly is not very reassuring for our future. The number of votes polled fell far below the regis- tration, and even it did not adequately repre- sent the voting power of the population. The indifference to the exercise of the franchise is one of the most regrettable features of the present campaign. If the honest voters of the city could only be persuaded to devote one day to the interest of the Commonwealth we should not have so many complaints of corruption and bad government. Immigration to the United States— ‘What Classes Are Wanted. British newspapers are publishing copious extracts from the reports of British Consuls in other countries upon work and wages abroad as compared with England. Of course the United States received special attention, the report of Consul General Archibald being the text mainly quoted. He admits that wages for all classes of labor here greatly exceed those paid in England, but he alleges that all the requisites for living cost far more here than there, and that all skilled labor is, in fact, better paid in the British Islands than in the United States, taking into account what the wages will buy. He calculates that a pound sterling in England will go as far to support a family as will here one pound and fifteen shillings—in other words, that it costs seventy-five per cent more, at least, to live here. He admits that farm laborers and all who are able to work upon the soil can better themselves by appropriating a portion of our boundless fertile lands in the Western States, and becoming freeholders and the owners of better homes, than they can ever ex- pect to earn or win by honest enter- prise in the Old Country. It is true that the average price of articles consumed and total cost of living expenses are greater, especially in our large and growing towns, than in English or Irish cities. The item of rent, especially, isa heavy burden; and s0 it must remain while the supply of tenements is less than the demand. But in all our en- virons it is quite easy for prudent men to be- come their own landlords, and thus offset the growing value of their homes against the heavy interest upon investment. If our clothes cost more, we have more money to buy them with; and so of our tea, coffee and sugar. Possibly the lack of marked social distinctions induces our people to greater ex- travagance in dress and style of living than they would indulge in across the water; but if so, that evil will in time work its own cure. Certainly our towns and cities offer employ- ment and large wages to all sorts of skilled labor. It may be the artisan would live as well in London or Liverpool on what he could earn, and have as much left at the year’s end; but there are here certain inducements to prudent industry which British towns do not present. Our social, educational and govern- mental systems give the mechanics’ children an even chance with the sons of mil- lionnaires, and to them all political and official positions are equally open. To the farmer or to the laborer who has strong hands and a constitution inured to hard work our country promises such inde- pendence and comfort as he could never hope for in Great Britain or any other old country. Our long lines of railway and canal call for thousands of industrious men, and millions of acres which have never been ploughed wait but the solicitation of cultivation to produce abundant crops. We have every healthfal and ‘desirable variety of climate, and the settler can ray oa ein nnn ey amen. England need be deterred by the reports of the English Consuls or the comments of Eng- lish journals. Our Inland Commerce—The Bridge Question. <i The merchants of Buffalo are somewhat exercised over the proposition to build a bridge over the Detroit River. It appears that the railway interests want to connect the Canadian territory with the United States by means of a bridge, to the possilc detriment of the shipping interests. The question is an important one, and there can be no doubt that the position taken up by the merchants is the one most im keeping with American interests. Every year the importance of our water communication: becomes of more value, and nothing that could. possibly be an obstruction to navigation ought for a moment tobe tolerated under any pretence whatever. New York owes its importance and prosperity in no small degree to the possession of water communication with the West, and wherever we turn we can mark the wonderful, prosperity of those places which have the ad- vantage of water communication. As we have urged in the case of the Erie Canal, the canal and river systems secure us from the selfishness of grinding railroad monopolists by affording the amplest scope for free compe- tition in the carrying trade. As this is a mat- ter of vital importance to the welfare of the country no care or effort should be spared in order to prevent the infliction of injury on these interests. From the nature of things the canals and rivers have to be taken care of by public opinion, as there are no large corpo- rations, with powerful lobby organizations, to urge their claims on the Legislatures. It is altogether a people's question, and in every instance where any attempt is made to dimin- ish in any way the utility of a water way the people of the locality should protest against the injury attempted to be done to the com- mercial interest of the whole country. If they do so they will be certain of support, and even powerful corporations will find them- selves unable to cope with a strongly expressed public opinion. Tae Russian Anmy to Face Anour rrow Katva.—The Russian expeditionary army force which has been marching against the territory and stronghold of the Khan of Khiva has received orders from St. Petersburg to re- call the advance and for the entire body to return to quarters. The Czar's military preparations for the chastisement of the Cen- tral Asiatic potentate were of a very formid- able character, as will be seen by the facts which we append to our cable news telegram. The abandonment of the enterprise is prudent, for the Khan may, perhaps, enjoy the support of military friends of whom the St. Petersburg Cabinet did not think when the project of invasion was matured. NOTES FROM NEWBURG. eee ee Death of the Oldest Inhabitant—The Epthippic and Crippled Voters—Cole lision on the River. NEwsUuRG, N. Y., Nov. 5, 1872. “Aunt Peggy” Decker, a colored woman and the “oldest inhabitant” of Orange county, died here yesterday at the age of one hundred and seven. For many years she haa been a@ resident of this city. She re- tained possession of her mental faculties until near the close of life, and was of a cheery disposition, that gained for her hosts of friends. For many years a record of her age was kept by the late Rev. John Johnston, D. D., .a Presbyterian clergy- man in this city “for half a century. One of her sons, Rev. William H. Decker, is a minis- terinthe New York Conference of the American Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. The Le pic has cleared the streets of . nearly all the equine frequenters thereof, and a hack was not to be had to-day for love . or money. The inability of tne liverymen to let the politicians have carriages was severely felt by that valuable class of the community on this elec- tion day. The cripples had to get to the polls in the best way they could. The horse disease is on the increase, and comparatively few of the animals escape. ‘A about midnight last night the propeller Miller, of Poughkeepsie, having in tow the barge Susquehanna, of Homer Ramasilell’s daily line of barges, Newburg, into @ schooner, mame unknown, when opposite this city. The bows of the propeller and barge were damaged to the extent of avout $2,500 each. The damage to the schooner could not be ascertained, as she proceeded on her trip in tow of the steamer Utica. The night was clear, and the pilot of the Miller is blamed for the accident. On the barge there was great alarm among the passengers, and several persons received bruises by being violently thrown against the side of the bertas. The crockery was smashed in the cabin of the boat. ESCAPE OF PRISONERS FROM THE SAN FRANOISOO JAIL. SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 4, 1872. Abold escape of prisoners from the County Jait was effected last night. The Brotherton brothers, convicted and under sentence for forgery, @ man named Riley and another prisoner ‘bucked and d”’ the jailer, and, ie ing @ pistol to his head, threatened to kill him if he gave an alarm. They then scaled the wall andescaped. The officers were soon in pursuit. Sherif Adams offers $4,000 reward for the recapture of the Brothertom brothers. THE BEAR RIVER WOOLLEN MILLS DE- STROYED BY FIRE, PORTLAND, Me., Nov. 5, 1872. Taylor’s mis, otherwise called Bear River Woollen Mills, in Harrison, were burned on Mon- day morning. The property was insured for $8,000 on machinery, and $4,000 on batidings, in the Home, of New York; Astna, of pend Frank- lin, of Philadelpia, and Royal, of Liverpool. ran FIBE IN ROME, H. Y. Two Buildings Burned Down—The Losses. Rome, N. Y., Nov 5, 1872 A fire occurred in the paint shop of Jacob Burki, adjoining J. Wolf's Halland restaurant, at Har- rison street and New York Central Railroaa, in this city, at eight o’clock this evening. The building in which the fire originated, together with Wolfs Hall, burned to the ground. The freignt house of the Hudson River and New York Central Ratlroad was seriously threatened, but saved by men who mounted the root with pails of water. John Wolf's loss is about $10,000, with insurance of halt that amount. The other losers are Heury Alberts, $300; Jacob Burki, $300; the latter insured, FIRE IN BOSTON. Boston, Nov. 5, 1472. During a fire at No. 154 North street this after- noon, causing considerabie damage to George F.. Comin's bedstead factory, Thomas fa Was uistaotly Filled by sailing Gow the fourth story.