The New York Herald Newspaper, November 2, 1872, Page 4

S THS EMPIRE STATE. Review ef the Political Situation in the South and West. MANIFESTATIONS OF LIBERAL EPIZOOTIC, Total Absence of Enthusiasm on Either Side. CORRUPTION IN THE COUNTIES. Tho Battle Ground Acknowledged To Be in the Metropolis, Money To Be Freely Used at the Polls on Tuesday. BUFFALO, N. Y., Oct. 28, 1872. Ihave, I think, in previous letters dwelt on the fact that this present contest for the great prize f American politics and for minor principles in this State possesses anomalous features. Never have politicians suffered the agonies of suspense and apprehension on the eve of an election as they Buffer now, and never in the history of the country have coming events cast such unsatisfactory shadows before. Itis a time of much perplexity and “book-makers” are sadly at fault. No man knows for a certainty where his neighbor stands, and allis doubt. Then let me again revert to the causes of this feeling of uncertainty, and this time atmore length, It may, perhaps, have the effect of moderating the violence of partisanship and sooth. ing the savage breasts of flery orators on both sides, My reflections and observations on the present condition of the canvass are the result of a careful and protracted survey of the field cn both sides of the Erie and Central lines from Broome county to where the head of the State butts at Canada between the lakes. I must say, at the very beginning, that figures are useless as indicating the drift of matters political. Figures of compari- Son on this occasion would be of no more use in assisting one in forming an opinion as to Grant's or Greeley’s chances as would a table of votes in this State in the year of grace 1842. THE CAUSE OF PERPLEXITY. Thave found in many places gentlemen who have voted the regular republican ticket since the forma- tion of the party, voted for Grant last time, and worked with much enthusiasm for the regulars in all local contests, but who, though desirous of vot- ing for Grant for a second term, for reasons to them satisfactory, assert that the alliance between ® portion of the democracy the republican party has hitherto fought and the Custom House, repre- sented by Tom Murphy; the adoption into the party ‘of known thieves and ballot box stuffers, has had & great effect upon them. Time was, they say, when the republican was, in reality, the party of “great moral ideas;” but that now, owing to along lease of power—provoking recklessness of ways and means, a8 it always does—it has fallen from its high estate. Itno longer depends for success on the promulgation of high, broad, humanitarian Views of public polity, but upon the mean devices of low, characterless politicians. These gentle- men, though not of the liberal republican party, would, I think, vote for Greeley in preference to Grant for the reasons stated, But here comes the rub. If they vote for Greeley they will be expected to vote for Kernan for Governor, and the old leaven of Know Nothingism is strong within them still, Greeley, Wilson and Dix will probably be the ticket Of these people if they vote at all. Then again, as I have heretofore remarked, a large number of the liberal republicans—those who have come out openly and squarely and abused the administration party in the orthodox style—while heartily in favor of Greeley for President, can’t see their way to voting for Kernan. There is 8 quiet feeling—stronger as the eventfal day &pproaches— against having @ “Catholic Governor,”’ and the rural liberals are not insensible to it. It has been claimed by the administration that a large number of democrats will vote for Grant. I think that boast will be justified, Not from principle, how- ever. Some hundreds will undoubtedly be “Penn- syivdnianized,” as the saying 1s, and for the price Of @ week's irolic will vote GRANT INSTEAD OF GREELEY. But very few will vote against Kernan, no Irish democrat will do so, If Mr. Kernan, in- stead of being—as he Is acknowledged to be even by his opponents—an upright, honorable gentle- man, was a villain of the deepest dye, it would make no difference now. The religious issue is made, and it will e tobe decided, The Irish, German and Fiench Catholics will, to a man, vote for Kernan; and as I suppose there * are enough of liberal-minded men in the State to back them up, Mr. Kernan will probably be the next, Goyernor, There are some thousands of people m the State who will vote for Kernan merely because in doing so they vindicate in them- Belves the principle of religious liberty, but who will not vote for Greeley, Had the religious ele- ment not been introduced these men would vote the straight-out administration ticket, General Dix will have the strong support of THE ULTRA-PROTESTANT COMMUNITY in the counties through which I have passed, be- Fides, of course, the rank and file of the republican party. The General is curiously regarded in this part of the State. There are some who vehemently insist that Dix, single-handed, put down the rebel- lion, as Thackeray's Highlander won the battle of Waterloo; and these are bitterly opposed by others, who as strenuously maintain that he never did anything, said anything or aeserved anything. Very few of the rural lights, I opine, have an in- telligent opinion concerning either of the candi- dates. It would be wonderful if they had. The | dunderteads who vociferate nightly on behalf of county committees of both parties lie and calum- miute at the rate of four columns an lour, aud the entire State is suffering fom POLITICAL “EPIZOOTY.’? Indeed, it may be a question worth considering ‘Dy the medical fuculty whether the violent storm of fierce denunciation and rhetorical filth now Sweeping the State isnot the real cause of the Poron! condition of that intelligent animal, the Lorse, { But the one influence which, more than any other, except perhaps the religious, will carry the ‘reateat weight, is money. Money, whether in the jorm of @ nicely folded roll of Treasury notes or in clinky coin, has a wonderful effect in doubtful com. munities. Thousands of men in this State would be ready to acknowledge that under the teachings of Greeley orators they had seen Grant fo & wrong light if @ Grant man let them see ten dollar bill, and would a] undying ad- miration for the Cincinnati platform for the same money. This seems a severe assertion, but it is made deliberately though mournfully, A promin- ent liberal republican of this city told me last night ‘that “the Grant party,” as he named the reguiar Tepublican, were sure Of success in this county, ‘And his explanation was that the Grant men had money in abundance and the liberals were hard up. Wrth $2,500, he said, he could get in Erie county 1,000 votes ‘ FOR GREELEY, GRANT OR THE DEVIL. He explained that he had just returned froma trip throu, the county and he conceded the election to the regular republicans. I promised to ‘withhold his name and Idoso. He was the most ape arty man I have encountered—that is, spoke irom a business point of view. Most poll- lans—aye, even those who have acquired great Fortunes by audacious robbery of the public—prate of reform and are ever eager to overhaul the record of their opponents in search of ear marks of inconsistency and dishonesty, But this man called @ spade a spade. le spoke with faehtgar messy en wothugtY ptt G ‘orchlight ' processions, jacards and the tke. The intelligent people of land were, in his opinion, desirous of a cl nge the admunistration—except that more intelligent of the people who were in ofice—and the only to reach ignorant and the unscrupulous ‘was by money. Fifty dollars judiciously distributed it the polls on election day would do more than £3,000 1 away in rockets. “Look at the ‘regu- lars,’ he almost whined. “They aro under almost military disciptine, and the Worst of it is they have company and regimental funds in all their izations, 1 tell you, sir, When we con- feat with them for ‘ WEAK-MINDED AND NEEDY DEMOCRATIO RR- CRUIT re bave no show, My advice now is that the dem- Certainly ocrata and liberais ahut of the shouts and huszas, put out the lights and work with the arguments of litical tency and five dollar notes, Could no rece of the rival parties be changed for a week-—had we possession of the vast sums of Money at the disposal of our opponents—the regu- lars wouldn't know they hada didate. It will be a most beige ieee e thing & we (liberais) should win, — 1 teil yon, itis an awful jing. to be short of money when the purity of elections the ballot box are at stake.” and the freedom Tt this gentleman ex: ‘ated the importance of money in the present contest | am much mistaken. ‘The of the rural districts seem to have no sense of shame when the political tocsin sounds. I am told of men, here and there, worth $30,000 and 50,000 who will haggle for ten or twenty dollars jor their votes, and get it. The bribe is not paid directly, of course, As the bargains are now being made I will aescribo how the thing 1s done. JOHN SMITH'S POSITION. John Smith, for instance, a well-to-do farmer, with a snug sum in the bank, does not care the value of a corn cob for platforms or principles; ks very 4 ly to his interests, and he wou’ ‘tg foul-mouthed politiclan get the best of, his eyes are wide open. ‘The canva® visit and tell him that the country +! & uae nal smash if he does not best" wy * . Farmer Smith confesses political bl ac, Se thinks eneral © ‘oa suiiciently honored by being made Fr oat of the United States for four years; he throws doubts on Mr, Greeley’s knowledge of the best way to make tatly candy out of boiled onions; and as for Bour- bonism, why he prefers hard cider himself. The Greeley canvasser argues the matter with him and eloquently expatiates on reform in the government. Yet Smith is not happy. He wants to hear the other side, and soon @ Grant canvasser comes along. This man means business. He does not halt a moment to defend Grant or to denounce Greeley, but states his case in this way :— “Mr. Smith, you are the most influential man in these parts and ur friend. We like to reward our iriends for their fidelity to the good cause. You have twenty men on your farm, and, of course, they will follow your excellent advice snd vote with you FOR GRANT AND WIISON. You have three teams, Mr. Smith, and, of course, ou Will have to use them in taking your men to he polls, To withdraw them from the work of the farm will involve you in loss. Please give me your receipt for this $60, Mr. Smith, and after the men vote Phat will get the next halfcentury. Allright, Mr. ith! Good day, Mr. Smith!” Andso Mr. Smith and his men will vote for Grant and Wilson on Tuesday next. This thing prevails in the interior to a greater extent than is generally supposed. All the scoun- drels within our borders are not congregated in the metropolis. Of course, most of our citizens who glance from the business table to the planchette of politics must have observed the swelling evil of corruption. A fair election, unin- fluenced by money and uncontrolled by men in office, is as im} ple in the State of New York to- day as an honest plébigcttum in France when.the little Napoleon in the big boots issued orders from the Tuilleries, The decaying carcass of great ideas taints the air. THE GREENBACK 18 THE PRESIDENT of the United States. No matter the issue of this Presidential contest we shall have to resume pay: ment of promises, faithfully made, in honor and in- tegrity or be eaten up by ourselves, The rotten- ness of the present day 18 manuring the land for a tine crop of aristocratic upstarts in the early future. Lhave visited many “‘headquarters,’ 'both Grantite and Greeleyite, and so far have failed to obtain any reliable information concerning the situation, In some places I was candidly told that owing to the strange position of parties, the elements in the contest, and the pulling and hauling here and there of politicians it was utterly impossible to form an opinion as to how the counties would vote. Both arties are canvassing, but neither party has an: faith in its canvassers, It 1s a matter of guess all round, Ihave spent an hour in liberal headquar- ters winnowing grains of truth from cam- paign papers an returns, and an equal time in the comfortable pavers of Grant’s men; but rarely have I obtained any useful knowledge from them. The Greeley men say that this State sure for the Sage by 60,000 majority, more or less; the Grant men hold themselves ready to ‘shoot you on the spot” if you doubt their ability to sweep everything from Battery place to Cattaraugus, And 0 it goes, SURFACE GLEANINGS. On the surface it appears that Grant fs ahead In the southern and southwestern counties of the State. There is more money bet; there is more vociferous boasting and tall talking in favor of Grant than there is for Greeley. But the Greeley party is noc howled down just yet. I find great numbers of people who say nothing very definite, but who show unmistakably that they will not vote for the perpetuation in power of the Camerons, Mortons and coatings who, it is charged, form the government of the nited States. It will not do to deliver judgment before a trial. When on the eve of the last election certain parties pre- dicted that the contemptible Tammany scoun- dreis, although gorged with stolen money, would have to succumb under the popular dis- pleasure, @ large number, and they the Pet | were quite confident that the banded thieves woul id be able to overcome all opposition. We know the result. In New York city people who never voted before, or rather who usually took no interest in pone got up early and voted early against the Ring. ‘Ihe Aldermen and other corner loafers were swamped in the flood tide of popular indignation, and infamous Pg died in aday, It was the silent vote that killed the monster of corruption in New York city, and the silent vote to be cast in the name of reform in this election must not be lightly cousidered. 1t is generally conceded that THE FIGHT IS IN NEW YORK CITY. If honest Tom Murphy and James O’Brien continue to regard each other with “sentiments of the most distinguished consideration,” good ae eer! say the knowing ones. Without New York’s thirty- three votes Mr. Greeley may go West. The elec- tion for President of the United States may be de- cided by the lively young man from the Nineteenth ward of New York. The ide, Philosopher and friend of the Tribune and Mr. O'Brien are the con- testants in the eyes of the country liberals, and the ex-Sheriff is roundly abused. But they concede Mr, O’Brien’s honesty—honesty is everything amid ya corruption—for iike King Malsochlen of dicath— He has the knack, To cut the pack Where'er the king may 4 ‘An’ though old Tn his acts may mix, His honor, always, he contrives to save. A hard-headed Sc otchman, with whom I spent a good part of an alternoon, afforded me consider- able amusement, He was for Greeley, and it was pete inconceivable to him how anybody could pe for Grant. Aiter listening to him for some time Lasked him what he thought the influence of the “epizootic” would amount te in the election. His answer was long and dry, but interesting and sug- gestive—"Epizootic” was a friend of Greeley and Brown. It ts well known, he said, that a wet elec- tion day is good for the democracy, and this being conceded, think of the result of an election in the midst ofa general epizoo? It is generally un- derstood that THE RICH MAY RIDE IN CHAISRS, and the poor may walk by—but now the men of millions and the men of pennies have to foot it to- gether. If the present state of things continues and prevails on election day the pay will be onthe side of the democracy, Highty-tighty re- publicans will not walk through the mud to the polls, but democrats will wade out in their brogans to vote for Kernan. This gentleman estimates “epizootic” as a providential affair altogether, and designed by ‘‘a higher law’’ for the comfort and en- couragement of good liberais, He estimates that it will give ten thousand additional votes to Gree- ley and Kernan. Now, then, as it was always con- sidered that a wet election day favored the demo- crats, we will see the effect of “epizootic.” NO ENTHUSIASM IN THE CAMPAIGN, It would be entirely useless to single ont any articular county or sketch the political character- Betios of a number of counties in the State with the view of throwing light on the political question. For the rout hae in the Hi Nn os bh Q task woul er] nprofitable, at it will Bord Wook ‘of Feftotlon Yo ndve & phage of the campaign not yet noticed, It is this There is everywhere a total absence of enthusiasm in this contest. People seem to be entirely, and I think I may say dangerously, indifferent as to the result. In vain is cannon fired of, banners waved, torch- light men marched and rockets of innumerable hue and fiz shot straight at the dog star or the moon. Rarely is the vox populi heard in boisterous approval, and seldom is a vociferous orator re- warded by a real hearty cheer. A good deal of this indifference must be attributed to the party press. So industrious are they in the promulgation of ingenious lies and bold misrepre- sentations that the people have become thoroughly disgusted, The Ee, tactics of thirty years C4 are, in the popular vernacular, ‘played out.”’ In- telligent voters are not fools, the carte i little fellows of the local and partisan papers to the con- trary notwithstanding. THE PROBABILITIES. The issue is now fairly before the voting public, and but little more remains to be sald. Francis Kernan or John A. Dix will be Governor of New York, and the moral weight, vote and influence of the Empire State will be thrown for Grant or Greeley on Tuesday next. Everybody understands the issues involved and almost everybody has his mind made up. Having made a careful and elab- orate survey of half the State SY thought competent to give an opinion as the result. For the reasons already stated it is a rather haz- ardous matter. Bets are baie freely offered in city to-night that Grant and Dix will carry the 8 by 20,000 majority. These people may under- stand what is going on in New York city detter than I do; but, calmly reviewing my work of the past two weeks and comparing notes with my fellow senti- ment hunter, I have no hesitation in recording it as my opinion that Greeley and Kernan wiil head the list on Tuesday next, RAILROAD COLLISION IN JERSEY. A collision took place yesterday morning between horse car No. 75, of the Jersey City and Hoboken line, and @ coal train on the Morris and Essex Railroad, The engineer backed his engine without the proper signal and ran into the passing horse car, which was pretty well filled with passengers, The front platform was totally demolished, but luckily every passenger escaped injury. The rail- road at tlis crossing has long been @ source of much inconvenicnce to passengers between colli- 81008 and blocks of the road by coal trains, fr, proach the knave ; hricks: IEEE "$$ ear NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1872.—TRIPLE SHEET. “MM. STANLEY AT GUILD BALL The Discoverer of Dr. Livingstone Honored by the Ancient Guild of Turners of London. (From the London Times, Oct. 19.) Yesterday the honorary freedom ot the Turners’ Company was publicly presented to Mr. H. M. Stanley, im recognition of his energy and en- terprise in discovering and succoring Dr. Living- stone, The ceremony was conducted in the Council Chamber at Guildhall, and was honored by the presence of Lady Burdett Coutts, who occu- pied @ seat on the data, The Master of the Company (Mr. F. O. Smithers) presided on the occasion, sup- ported by the reat of the governing body, including Profess>™ Tennant and Mr. A, W. Sadgrove, the two principal Wardens. Lady Burdett Coutts, who is an honorary member of the Guild, was greeted with cheers on entering the Council Cham- ber, as was also Mr, Stanley on making his appear- ance immediately afterwards. Mr. Stanley having taken a@ seat, by request, on the right of the Mas- ter, the resolution-conferring the freedom, passed at a previous meeting, was then read by the clerk. Tt was in these terms:— Resolved, That the honorary freedom of this company be given to'Mr. Stanley. for his enterprise in dis:overing the great traveller, Livingstone, in the comparatively un- Known regions ot Central Africa, and for lls consequent services in the cause of civilization, and in regard of the great probable ly to accrue to (he trade over which the company presides. from tho fuller information and relations with that tvory-producing country. M:. Joun JonEs, @ Fellow of the Royal Geographi- cal Society, upon whom the Master called, said, addressing Mr. Stanley, as a Past Master and the proposer of the resolution which had just beenread, he had been requested to offer hima few words of salutation. The gentlemen assembled there were members of the Court of Assistants and Livery of one of the ancient City Guilds—that of the mys- tery or Art de les Tournours of London, whose primal existence antedated historical documents. ‘The usual door of admission to.the membership of the Guild was that of apprenticeship. The produc- tion of work of nigh artistic merit was naturally a chief object of concern on their part, but excellence of work availed little unless markets existed to furnish demand, still less unless materials were at hand on which to im- press ideas, It was to Mr. Stanley’s service in re- spect of these two latter necessities that the com- pany desired to offer ita public acknowledgment. In respect of the first, he had shown that what for centuries had been regarded by Europeans as an impassable country could be trav- ersed in safety, thus affording ample to the enterprise of traders who muy prefer the rich harvests of unbroken soil. to the small results of overcropped districts, As to the second, the company congratulated him on his bravery in penetrating into and his success in returning from the interior, far beyond a coast with which tts trade interests were intimately con- cerned; and, as the result of the path which he had shown to be practicable, it looked forward to the days when elephants’ tusks and human lives would cease to be joint itemsin mercantile invoices, and the coal of Zanzibar, worked by its native population, would give to Her Majesty's ships of war and the mercan- tile marine of Europe needful assistance on their way to our Indian possessions. Ivory specimens in the pomeaca of the company would explain how much the benefit of turnery was involved in the exploration of the region by which Mr. Stan- ley had made himself illustrious, While Dr. Livingstone’s existence had become 80 much a matter of doubt that this country hardly roused it- self to ascertain where he wasor had fallen, Mr. pranley, with no other guide than loose rumor, was able to reach and succor him, encountering an exhausting climate, a mapless country, war- like and war-waging tribes, with no_bet- ter reliance than the faithless natives, whom experience had taught rather to hate than love the white man, At the instance of the Royal Geographical Society an fronton was organized for the search for and relief of Liv- ingstone, This city and a noble lady, Lady Burdett Coutts—(loud cheers)—whom they were proud to call a Turner, contributed to the fund; but the suspense which oppressed all who felt an interest in Livingstone’s labors was dissipated by Mr. Stan- ley’s timely intelligence, and the main purpose of the expedition was cancelled. (Cheers. ‘The customary declaration on the admission of a new member having been made and subscribed b; Mr, Stanley, the Master, addressing him, expresse the great pleasure he had, on the part ofthe gov- erning and himself, in offering him, according to usage, “the right hand of fellowship.’ He con- gratulated the pape ig now having among them 80 distinguished a member, because, trading as they did in that great, city of i ery ye? feat that Mr. Stanley had achieved could not be allowed to pass unnoticed them as citizens, Many of them being merchants they.had practical experience of the advantages consequent upon the explorations of Africa, China and Japan, and he trusted that the results would add greatly to the prosperity of this country and to ma others. He hoped God might vouchsafe to length of di as a iliving monument of the glor e had achieved. (Cheers.) It might not, he hoped, be out of place on that occasion for them to ay their humble tribute to Mr. James Gordon Bebnett, the spirited proprietor of the New York HeERaLp, for the comamisnets part he had bar in the great enterprise, (Loud cheers.) They were delighted to point to their kinsman across the Atlantic as the first to have conceived the idea of discovering and guccoring Livingstone, and es- ecially as having had the discernment to select ir. Stanley for the great mission. (Cheers.) Mr. STANLEY, in presenting himseif to speak, was rouch cheered. He Bald:—Ladies and gentlemen, the gentleman who delivered the first address to me to-day made a remark for which I can vouch— namely, that “the mystery, or Art de les Turnours, of London is one whose primal existence antedates historical documents.’’ I need not go to the British Museum nor to the Hakluyt Library to find that out. Jn Central Africa I found that out; im Central Asia Minor [ also found it out, and in Turkistan, Thibet, China and Japan. Itisagreat gratification tome to have been selected tor the honor conferred upon me by this ancient and honorable company. An intimation kindly furnished me by the Past Master and seconder of the resolution authorizing the address just read conveyed to me the reasons which caused qou.to invite me for the high and gen- erous honor 1 have just received. In that ad- dress lam informed that I have shown that the country regarded by Europeans as impassable ma; be traversed in safety, whereby enterprising trad- ers may reap the advantages now opened to them by the rich harvests of 4vory which await them in the far interior of Africa, You also congratulate me on my bravery in penetrating to the silent and fabled interior, through which you are pleased to say that the suspense which oppressed you ene the safety of Dr, Livingstone was dissipated. (Cheers.) Imay not alone accept the compliment for havin; been the means of opening the country. A Burton an a Speke had already gone in advance, and the ex- haustive remarks of the former concerning the unknown region I was enabled to use to my ad- vantage, and for the guidance of my steps through the jungle when the expedition in the search after Livingstone was endangered by minator: natives. Burton's experience was with me at ail times, and if one road was closed another was open to the goal of my hopes. Without travelling by the same road that my predecessors had taken, the travels of those two explorers were of value to me, by enabling me to choosa § shorter Fonte to he Unyanyembe, Beyond this point, though fl: verged widely from thelr road, 1 knew where Ujijt heed located, and with compass and watch in hand could direct the steps of the expedition thither, It took seven months to reach Ujijl; now could reach it in four months, (Cheers.) Ihave studied the nature of the country and its inhabitants fairly well, and I cannot see why a Yoll-organized expedition might not start from the East African coast and arrive within four months in view of the Tanganyika. (Cheers.) Herein I recognize the utility of my work, as well as that of Burton and Speke. (Cheers.) Itis, indeed, availa- ble to commerce and to trade; and it is in the hands of moneyed men to take advantage of the ex- lorer’s labors, not only to obtain pecuniary profit om trade enterprise, but to obtain the acknowl- edgments of civilized nations for reflecting the ets 3 light of civilization upon the poor be- nighted savages of Africa, and bringing them within the pale of our society. (Cheers.) It is, indeed, dificult for you, enjoying ihe conveniences ol life which this great metropolis affords, to realize what severity there Jay in the work which has now 80 happily culminated. But you have shown by the cordial invitation extended to me to receive the honorary free- dom of the Turners’ Company that you appreciate and estimate the value of the services I rendered to the friends of Dr. Livingstone, The work was severe I will not deny; but it was nothing com- jared with the incitement to persevere, (Cheers.) v work jay not in ed ie the phenomena of wild nature in inner Africa, nor in cultivating a knowledge which appertains to savans—the Paee and zoology of the land ; but to find whether the il- lustrious Livingstone was dead or alive, whether the Apostle of Africa was in health or sickness, in se- surity er in danger; and, instead of waning, my en- thusiasm for my mission grew. (Cheers,) As each day I pressed on it partook of curto: blended with @ high admiration for his qualities and a de- sire to deserve the confidence placed in me by the young Yeh do who entrusted me with so noble @ work, (Cheers) What I rendered to Dr. Livingstone alter I met him and knew himm—aiter he taught me to love the gentle- ness of his nature and to admire still more the herote qualities he exhibited—is due solely to his own innate worth. (Cheers.) Permit me, then, tothank you for your kindness and courtesy in conferring on me @ token of your appreciation of the success which attended my mission and the good news whtch 4 had the happiness to bring you and other friends of Dr. Livingstone, and to hope that it will Se my good fortune to ve able to show you on another opportunity how grateful I fecl to you for the honor L have received at your hands. (Loud encers.) With that tue ceremony terminated, BAKER PACHA His Probable Embarkation on the Lake Victoria Nyanza. STRIFE AND TROUBLE IN HIS ARMY. The Jealousy of Egyptian Chiefs and In- subordination of Convict Soldiers. BAKER’S RETURN EXPECTED His Food and Other Supplies for Exploring the Nile Basin. WILL HE MEET LIVINGSTO. Success in Combating the Slave Trade and the Enemies It Has Made for the English Traveller. ALEXANDRIA, Egypt, August 22, 1872, About Baker again. When 1 arrived here the other day from the White Nile I found that my letters had been “tapped,” telegrams stopped, manuscripts stolen, and that a variety of innocent amusements of a similar sort had taken place at my cost. Iwas not indignant; who could have been 80? Ilong since gave up all hopes of retain- ing anything but my tooth brush and passport while in Egypt, so I shall try to tell you once again about Baker. The last reliable news received from Baker was on the 27th of October last. He was then twenty miles beyond Gondokoro, working toward the Lake Albert Nyanza, witha force of several hundred men. He had corn, he thought, fora year, if the men would work, and had just discovered a plain covered with grain, The next month (November) about fifteen barks (nuggers) left Khartoum for the relief of Sir Samuef Baker. ‘They took up various supplies, and durrah (corn) in great quantities. The 16th of June, of this year, at six o'clock in the evening, these same boats came back to the rude wharf at Khartoumas I was standing on the bauks of the Blue Nile, They had been unable to get through the Nile obstructions, “the Sudd.” Baker is thus cut off from his base of supplies. One week before this last intelligence reached Khartoum Mahomet Agate tola me that he had news by a “nugger,” which had come down the river loaded with ivory, that Baker had reached the lake. The news was passed down by the negro tribes living on the banks of the river. I not only credit this state- ment, but thoroughly believe that toward the end of February lasi Baker had his small steamer afloat on the Albert Nyanza, in the ‘great basin of the Nile.” Let us see what points are clearly established. First—October 27, 1871, Baker was twenty miles to the southward of Gondokoro. ‘Second—He writes, “I have plenty of corn for one year if the men will work.” Third—That he had seventy miles over which to transport his steamer, either by the river or over- land, according to circumstances. This accom- plished, he could steamin to the lake he himse/f had christened years ago. Fourth—Baker {s neither a sluggard nor a dolt, but a man who covers every inch of ground with as much rapidity as possible. Is it then impossible, nay, is {t not morally cer- tain, that, leaving his main force behind him—as he always intended to do and declared that he so designed—Sir Samuel Baker made the distance of 200 miles in five months, nearly one-half of which is navigable by his small steamer? I therefore ac: cept the report and believe that he is this moment conse those lofty mountains on the western shore of Nyanza and moving southward to find an inlet to his lake; and he may then meet and Clasp hands with the rejuveunced Livingstone. BAKER'S DISCOURAGEMENTS. But there are other phases of the question. saw was in high chagrin under several misior- unes, oiamaen tae | the commander of the troops, Insubordination. had been eae ol Second—The natives (the Bari) were intractable, you furnish no porters, and he unwisely resorted war. Third—Raouf Bey and the leading Egyptians memorialized him, Saying that it was their indi- vidual and collective opinion that the expedition should turn back or all would perish of starvation, Fourth—A great number of his troops were con- victs. The tian officers declined to permit Sir Samuel to exercise the power of ‘life and death without the judgment of a court-martial. Sixth—The Viceroy sent another officer, replacing Roonf Bey, but who cannot reach his force before the termination of the expedition. -He (Baker) has lost the confidence and support of the Viceroy, while all the Pachas of Egypt are against him on account of the immense cost of the expedition (£400,000) and tue ruin of trade in the Soudan, Eighth—His other enemies are envy, malice, slander, his being an honest man and haying £10,000 a year from the Egyptian government. It is therefore certain that his position is not a pleasant one. But is it his own fault? No! What men are there so idiotic as to believe that astrong- armed, strong-principled man like Sir Samuel Baker could plough through the thick woven web of the African slavery trade and not injure its col- lateral commerce. In the destruction of the slave commerce many kindred trades must needs col- lapse with it. Baker knew this. The Viceroy might have anticipated it. There is not a mer- chant in the Soudan who did not believe it. It is, therefore, unjust to denounce Baker, while to-day he stands surrounded ie unwilling and muti- nous soldiery, doing what he can for the civilization of Africa and the humanity of the world. In his very camp at Gondokoro his troops applied and almost insisted upon seizing 1,000 women as slaves for their own use! HIS TRADUCERS, I do not rememberever to have read attacks upon the character 01 a brave and earnest man so poy, 80 loathesome as those made upon Sir Samuel aker, how distant from the field of controversy, where he cannot meet and answer, in more than one sense, his mendacious critics. People complain that he has £10,000 a year for nis services. He went into Pa uA we eee sy life not more than ten in 100, Hg had already @ name an fortune, and to my ane Boole h sack small compensation. His work was to do what no other Man had eyer dared undertake—to destroy the slave trade by fore of arms upon land. it not plain, then, why the Bere raders, through a pros- tutnted press, shoul ‘tempt to traduce and malign him while locked up by deserts, cataracts and malarial vegetation? Already the heaviest siave trader in Africa, Mahomet Agate, has given up his stations, and his 6,000 Dongolowee soldiers will no longer burn. vil id massacre women and children, Baker but needs to remain in Equa- torial Africa and the whole business will be crushed, The chief slanderers of Baker are slave- traders, ptian officials, Americans, English- men lermans. Way the slave-traders do it ‘we can all understand, hy the Pachas and Beys do it I have explained. Americans do it because he is an Lh es who does not like Americans, an am sure he has the right to choose his own friendships as he pleases, Englishmen doit because Baker ts not hail fellow with “all hands,” which is his own business and concerns nobody else. Germans do it because they like to depreciate ali travellers who are not Teutons, and eer those English who have greet reputations, I have heard the most illus- rious names in the whole range of English travel ridiculed and unfairly critici: by Germans, who, in other things, were remarkably sensible. This subject alone would afford an amazing book. Roon Bey has been a perpetual drag. A single illustration shows the man. Queen Victoria sent him 4 tropical hat of the same kind as those worn by all Englishmen in the tropics. He was offended at the Patt gift. Ins of accepting it as a mark of distinguished favor from a great and gra- cious sovereign he thought it might be replaced by @ costly present. This is the man Baker denounces as a conspirator and a spy, and my own opinion, formed from what people said about him on the White Nile, is that he would do even dirtier work. During six months of life in the Soudan, on the Blue and White Niles, I learned to understand this LT nahn pretty well, Baker was a theme of discussion night and day; but I never heard a man there who criticised anything else except the ex- pense of the enterprise, for which Baker is not re- sponsible, Baker was commissioned to doa cer- tain work at the request of the Queen of England, The Viceroy ordered its execution as usual—coute qui cOute, The world is familiar with his task—to suppress the commerce in slaves, It must for- ever be regarded as & most benocilcent undertaking—the pioncer force in Africa, directed and moved against the curse of the Continent, The only thing that true men should lament is that there is not a pare that this expedition is the forerunner of a hundred more, RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION. If I were to endeavor to forecasi the futuro of this expedition—and, indeed, this was wy brine pal object in the close wit it any results, it the slave war and famine. Aboo near the Victoria Lake, and slave dealer for many years, as eigen ee municating with UsijL, gi organize the the native villainy in check. The good; result would be salutary, ® But I ey ie r. fear the Fey ptian fig raclas ‘and tmpeouulous besa wit not ston yu to the proposition, a, sa ad oc aag ALL SOULS DAY. The Natare and Origin of the Festival aud its Religious Observance. This is “All Souls Day’—a day on which the most solemn and pathetic’commemorations for the repose of the souls of the departed are offered up in almost every religious edifice throughout the Curfstian world. Yesterday the glorification of the elect was commemorated with mingled choruses of joy and thanksgiving: to-day the souls of those who have passed “that bourne whence no traveller returns” re remem- bered in the present prayers and ejaculations of their friends. Yesterday the trappings of gladness gilded the interior of our city temples, and “Ho- sannas’’ reverberated through their aisles. To- day their altars are cladin the sable garments of mourning, and only the solemn strains of the “Dies Ire and Miserere’”’ will be heard throughout the services, which, however, will, no doubt, be beau- tiful and touching in the extreme. Solemn re- quiem masses will be celebrated in all the Catho- lic and ritualistic churches of the city. It is also customary for various Protestant denominations to assemble in their places of worship and offer up prayers for the eternal rest of their friends, in accordance with the spirit of the text in Macca- bees and Matthew :—“It is a holy and a wholesome thought to pray for the dead.” ORIGIN OF THE FESTIVAL. The faith and practice of the Christian Church from its foundation regarding the commemoration of the dead are manifest from the writings of the rimitive athers, as well as from those of Catho- lic and Protestant divines, [uy all ancient liturgies express mention is made of prayer and sacrifice for the dead, Tertullian, the oident Christian writer, Says:—We make yearly offer! ings for the dead and the feasts of the martyrs.” Jeremy Taylor, in his “Holy Living and Holy Dying,” rec- ommonds it as “a pious practice which ought to be continued,” and Mr. Thorndike, a re- nowned Protestant theologian, says:—“The practice of the Church in this way 80 general and so ancient that it cannot be thought to have come in upon imposure. Its ort- gin is referred to Odillon, Abbot of Cluny, England, in the ninth century, The Council of Oxtord in 1222 declared ita holiday of the second class, on which certain necessary and important kinds of work were allowed. Some dioceses kept it a holi- day only till noon on this account, but those of Vienne und Tours kept it the whole day. It was an old custom in England to sound a signal in the streets upon which every congregation assembled in the bassilic and there sang thirty psalms toge- ther for the souls of the dead—prelates and ab- bots sang 600 psalms and caused 120 masses to be celebrated, set at liberty three -slaves, and gave them three shillings each. ‘This custom was prescribed in the reign of Eliza- beth. At Naples it was customary to expose to view the skeletons of friends in the charnel houses, and in Salerno, in Italy, @ superstition pre- vailed that the ghosts of the dead on this day revisited their earthly homes and partook of a banquet which the inmates left prepared for them, while they themselves retired to pray in the churches. Inthe Catholic countries of Europe it ry ais ®@ custom to pray over the graves of the jead, . The Christian Church approves of these per- Petual anniversaries for the dead, as it holds that Some souls may be detained in perl end of the world, though after the of Judg- mont, third state will any longor subsist, but that God may, at the end of the world, make the torment of souls which have not satisfied His justice so intense in one moment that their debts may be discharged. The Greeks offer up mass every Saturday ior the dead, and keep this festival on the Saturday before Whitsunday. LITERARY CHIT-CHAT. ne MEssks. SOTHEBY, WILKINS & HopGE recently sold by auction about thirty autograph letters of the poet Cowper. One of them, containing a sonnet written by Cowper on behalf of a printer at Leicester, who had got into prison for selling some of Tom Paine’s publications, fetched four guineas and a half. MEssks. SABIN'’s “American Bibliopolist,” for Oc- tober, hasa “bibliography of Long Island,” includ- ing the names of many books and pamphlets pub- lished from 1721 to 1823, relating to or printed in that locality. THe Birn Pusiic of Ghent (the organ of the Jesuits in Belgium), thinks it right to denounce part of the Belgian press as “Bismarck’s journal- istic Uhlans.” Apropos of Mr. Froude's lectures in this country on Ireland, the Pall Mali Gazette ventures to hope that Ireland will, at least until Mr. Froude has concluded his lectures, abstain from making her- self more disagreeable than convenient or from expressing her discontent in unusually loud tones. THE PEOPLE OF FRANCE never liked Charles Dickens’ works, and it is said that none of the French translations of even his best productions had @ remunerative sale. IN A CHARACTERISTIC PAPER on the “Emancipa- tion of Woman,” in the lastnumber of the Revue de Deux Mondes, M. Bandrillart says that the present movement is by no means the novelly in the way of “justice for everybody” which its pry moters Would have us believe. For nearly four hundred years women have found ardent believers in their absolute equality with men, Cornelius Agrippa as long ago as 1509 published his “Treatise on the Superiority of Women to Men,” which he demonstrated in thirty chapters, by 9 cloud of theological, phystéal, historical, cabalistical and moral proofs, In 1552 Ruscelli brought out a fresh book on the same side, based on the Platonic phi- losophy. Women writers followed in the same path, and notably a fair Venetian, Lucrezia Morin- ella, whose book was called “The Nobleness and Excellence of Woman, Together with the Faults and Imperfections of Men,” THE Copyriaut of Paul Févai's novels recently sold in Parts for 70,000 francs. THE DisPLEaSuRE of the Austrian government with certain American journals, it is is said in Vienna, will probably lead to the imposition of a tax of five cents on every issue of p@itical papers published in the United States, THE NEw Lire of Madame de Lafayette, by her daughter, has been translated and pubitshed in London. THE PALL MALL GazetrE praises Richard Rush's “Recollections of a Residence at the English and French Courts,’ lately republished from the Ameri- can edition, as abounding in striking sketches of society in the days of the Regent, racy descriptions and lively sketches of the leading people of the day, “Nothing could pe more agreeable. In his book the sun is always shining, the fowers in bloom and the men and women in their most fascinating moods.’? BANNER RAISING. Trouble on a Rail Car— Man Killed. On the evening of Septembver 30 there was a ban- ner raising down in the Eleventh ward, which was attended by a crowd of persons living far up town, Large quantities of lager were drank by the thirsty crowd, and, at a lato hour thirty or forty men rushed into car No. 149 of the Third Avenue Railroad and told the conductor that one man was to poy, for all of them, The conductor, being unable to find the aymaster, told the men cach one must pay for himseif or leave the car, Many left, while others remained and conducted themselves in & some- what demonstrative manner till they reached Twenty-fourth street, when Matthew Dwyer, riding on the front platform, fell off before the whee! and was crushed to death. No blame attached to the driver of the car, and a verdict of acqMeutal death waa rendered by the iuty, ARCTIC EXPLORATIONS. The Rediscovery of the Open Polar Sea. The Explorations of Captain Nils Johnsos in the Seas East of Spitzbergen. CIRCULAR OF DR. AUGUSTUS. PETERMANN, The second instalment of valuable tidings from the outstanding Polar expeditions has just boom made publicby Dr. Augustus Petermann, of Gotua. The intelligence that now reaches us gives new discoveries in the Arctic Ccean lying east of Spitz- bergen, and also northeast of the islands which skirt its eastern shores, The new vision of the open Polar Sea, like every former observation of this mysterious phenomenon, will be of universal interest. The following is a translation of Dre Petermann’s circular announcing the facts:— THE LAND TO THE EAST OF SPITZBERGEN MORE CLOSELY EXPLORED BY OAPTAEN NILS JOHNSON 16 AUuGuUST, 1872, Gorna, Oct. 11, 1672, The Polar Search Expedition, which during the past three years has unceasingly given many aud extensive results, has also again in this Summer made considerable progress, although the first news from the Polar Sea has just reached us. The land lying east of Spitzbergen, which for 255 years has been danced about upon different positions om the map, and which was for the first time reached by Captain Altmann, of Hammerfest, was reached for the second time by Captain Nils Johnson, of Fromsoe, in August, who landed upon and more narrowly explored it. Captain Nils Johnson satled on May 8in the gatt- ing yacht Lydiona, of twenty-six tons burden, with @ crew of nine men, from Fromsoe, Norway. He directed his cruise in June towards the western half of the open sea, and in the second half of this month, whem the Austrian exploring steamship Tegetho® had just left the German coast, was already some fifty miles east-southeast of the islands of East Spitzbergen, in the middle of the usual position of the Polar stream, which generally carries an enor- mous mass of ice towards Spitzbergen and the Bear Islands, In July and August of this Summer tho ice cur- rent held a more easterly course towards Nova Zembia and left the western half of the sea free from ice, as the reports already received from Cap- tain Altmann at the end of August had announced. Captain Johnson, who during July and the first half of August had been engaged in whale fishing (not exclusively) on the broad Spitzbergen bank, which reaches from the Bear Islands over four de- grees of latitude towards the northeast, had at, noon of August 16 pressed as far as 78 deg. 18 min. 46 sec. north latitude and 30 deg. east longi- tude, and shortly thereafter came in sight of land, which first appeared upon maps in 1817 as Wiche Land, and which was then given as extending (rom 7844 deg. to 75% deg. north latitude. The whole sea to the south and east of this land Captain Johnson found entirely free from ice on August 16. On the 17th of August he anchored Near the point.of this land in north latitude 79 deg. 8min., and east longitude 30 deg. 15 min., for the purpose of fishing and supplying himself with fucl from the immense piles of driftwood.which were accumulated along the shore. Landing to explore the land, which he was tue first te set foot upon, he ascended ® mountain near the coast, from which he obtained a view over a wide circuit. He thus discovered that the land masse which, by Captain Altmann, had been supposed to be separated by channels into three large islands, were ulti- mately reunited so as to form a continuous though deeply indented island. There were also ® number of small outlying islands. On the evening of the 17th of August Captain Johnson again set sail, and followed during ume mignt and the two successive days (viz., the 18th and 19th of August) the entire east and south- east coast of the land, which was everywhere, ag well as the open sea, far and wide, wholly destitute ofice, The ocean lying towards the east-northeast was also perfectly free of~ice, so far as it was dis- tinguishable from the summit of the hills, Only on the north coast was there any ice, Faller communications, as soon as possible, will appear in the Geographische Mitthettungen, with maps and charts illustrative of Captain Johnson's exploration, and also of those just made by Captain Altmann, Among the most important discoveries made by Captain Nils Johnson were the fauna and flora of these far northern lands, Biras, seals and rein- deer abounded, the latter of remarkable fatness. The immense longitudinal piles of driftwood, which ran along the eastern coasts some twenty feet above tie highest tidal mark, are suggestive of the current conditions of the Arctic Ocean, and also of the meteorologic and other atmospheric commotions in the “icy seas.’ THE PAYER-WEYPRECHT EXPEDITION. Dr. Petermann has received information from the Payer-Weyprecht expedition, duting from the 16th of August, when it was near the Bear Islands, in 76 deg. 17 min. north latitude, and 60 deg. 44 min, east longitude, The expedition found im- mense masses of thick ice—since Jt is driven to the west half of the sea—but Payer wrote, “For steam easily penctrable.” “Although,” Dr. Petermann concludes, “the expedition first arrived on the 26th of July at the ice barrier, in 7446 deg. north latitude, and 48 deg. east longitude, it waa enabled by tne 16th of August to make its way te its position in sight of Cape Nassau, at least two hundred and twenty leagues in a straight line.” BROOKLYN BIGOTRY. — The Dismissal of the Physician of the Homeopathic “Lying-In” Hospital Upon Sectarian Grounds. The tempest of honest indignation created in the cofumunity of the City of Churches at the specimen of religious intolerance exhibited by the Board a Directors of the Brooklyn Hommopathic Lying-in Hospital, who dismissed their surgeon for no other reason than that he was a member of the Romam Catholic Church, has not yet subsided. Eight of the Way managers of the institution, which now labors under a cloud because of the narrowmindedness exhibited in the incident alluded to, have feit it their duty to place their names on record at having had no sympeth with their sister managers in this proceeding. The “liberal” section of the Board has published the following highly interest ing card upon the subject:— Whereas our names, as managers of the Brooklyn Homeopathic Lying-in Asylum, have appeared in a pub- lic is ae with the recent gpctety, in reference to its k the public have thereby be managers acted in unison in matter, we, the w signed, believe it to be our duty, both for the sake of truth and justice and for the sake of our own va disap to state that we have, some of us, from the ver; ning, with our influence and our votes, ent roved and endeavored to prevent such oe And others of us who were not in town during the em actment of the late ie veneapes suey for other reasons, to be at the me mn such ae Was taken, do now publicly ayow, al of the in the 5 faith, as we wil raaled boos af 8 dism! o verily believe he was, we, though Sear enue es gannos aes to De 80 fatoleraut toward others of & ferent faith. nti eee ines anata eat 10 other Was given vote for such dction, we cannot store to be #0 giromnat. We ftel it to be our duty to state that as the ladies were And‘at the fist speclal meeting, which waa eal nd at eo cuss his appointment, it was distinctly averred th was no objection to the y $0 to understand It, except t that they did uot Wish 10 | thai ey Lot tution dy refusin, to appoint him, because of his differ- gee of religious beliet, that suc! objection was with- Wo leave it to the public to judge what was the ob- jection against Dr. Monmonier, Moreoyor, we highly: approve of the action 3 the Con- sulting Board of Physicians, believing, as we do, that im this very appointinent they endeavored to save the society trom the odium of iitolerance on this.sectariam question, Which the society are now so unwilling te ingot. We regret more than we can express that anything should Have thus early interrupted the harmony of (ig society or hindered the work of this most needed a most ioble charity. The above statement is not intended to represent an clique or party, but ix meroiy au expression of the sent ments of the subscribers on the question at Issue, Mrs. GORDON L. FORD, tre. J.B, LI NDER AGAR, Mrs. WILLIAM T, ODALB._ . ATEN, Mra HENRY MINTON,, Mrs, JAX G. WEMBLR, Higa, H, EB, MOBBLade Li