The New York Herald Newspaper, September 16, 1872, Page 7

’ { -4mmodiately with the first note of war. ‘and. sometimes obscurely, To the young man who inquired which was the greatest com- mandment Christ said to love the Lord with the whole heart and being; but the world says this is the last and least command. The su- periority of the Christian religion over all others, according to the Bible and to Father Farrelly, consists in its being a reli- gion of love—love of God to men and of men to God and to each other. But, as Father McCready remarked in St, Stephen’s church, we have but to read the records of our criminal courts to be con- ‘vinced that love to the neighbor is still the exception and not the rule among men. Our love to God, too, will not stand the test of obedience to the divine commands, and “there is nowadays a prejudice ngainst even dis- ‘coursing about the love of God.” Instead of sevoular affairs being hindrances to or incom- patible with the highest and purest love of the oul toward God they may be made, os the xeverend fathor observed, the means and helps toward its attainment, ! The picture of shepherd life and of Jesus the good.Shepherd drawn by Mr. Talmage yester- day will appoar quaint to some readers, but it will strike a chord responsive in many o Christian heart. “The Lord, our Shepherd, coming to hunt the lost sheep, put on no zegal apparel, but the plain garment of our humanity” —raiment besoiled and tattered as ‘efitted the rough work of saving a lost world. (Mr. Talmage spoke also about the Shepherd's (rook, his dogs, his pasture grounds and his ‘folds, and in summing up his case said it was jtime we got over the idea that religion is an ‘undertaker planing coffins, driving hearses and Preparing to get us out of this world. Hoe ydoes not want any of that—‘‘it smells of the (varnish of a funeral casket,’” He would have ion cheerful and happy every day and fantil the last day of life. And so would we. ‘Wom Moltke’s History of the Franco- German War. ‘Von Moltke, tho great German ‘strategist, ‘has given to the world his history of the recent ‘war between France and Germany. The work not unexpected, as it was known that for ‘p long time back he was engaged in its com- pilation. With all the official records at his command, together with his own personal acquaintance with tho great struggle, he has had all the facilities of giving a complete and ‘thorough history of the collision between the ‘armies of the two empires. From the résumé ‘of the work furnished by the Henarp’s Berlin (Correspondent, which we print on another page of this morning's issue, we gmp enabled (to form an opinion of the work of the great Birategist. That Germany was fully prepared and France unprepared when the first signal (was given inviting a clash of arms is fully evi- ‘dent. The position of the South German States alone was the only source of uneasiness in the German capital; but the shadow which this uneasiness caused passed away almost The ‘difference in numerical strength between the ibatants is given, and, in considering it and into consideration tho disorganized of the French army, one rapidly arrives tj the conclusion that no other term:iaation ould have been reached than that which Tesulted in tho humiliation of France before _Athe overwhelming power of her German rival. Tue Opp Fex.ows’ AssociaTion—MEretine or tar Granp Lopcz at Battimore.— We call the attention of our readers to an article which appears in another column giving a history of the Association of Odd Fellows in the United States. Brief, yet ‘pxhaustive, the article will be found to contain all that the reader wishes to know of the origin, progress and wonderful success of a Jmost useful association, Tho labors and bjects of the society, it will be scen, aro benevolent. It is gratifying to know tt the society is in a most prosperous con- ition. It numbers to-day some four thou- nd eight hundred lodges, ‘scattered over all the States and Territories of the Union. It thas a membership of three hundred and fifty ‘thousand, the increase of members per year at the rate of thirty thousand. The wevenue reaches three and a half millions of \dollars, and the sums voted for relief amount ‘to one and a quarter million annually. Aso practical proof of the value of the society we ymay mention that on the occasion of the (Chicago conflagration this Order, through its flocal board, took charge of all the suffering brethren and their families, to the number of five thousand persons, to that extent relieving ‘the general fund. The Grand Lodge of the Order of Odd Fellows meets in Baltimore to- day. . Mr. H. Von Hengilmullcr, of the Austrian Lega- ition, is at the Brevoort House. Mr. Thomas Il. Dealy, of Valparaiso, Chile, is stay- ing at the Sturtevant House. ‘ General N. P. Banks, 01 Massachusetts, is resting ‘at the St. Nicholas Hotel. ‘ Mr. Lawrence Barrett, the tragedian, is stopping at the New York Hotel. Mr. R. Knight, British Consul at Cincinnati, is sojourning at the St. James Notel. , Mr. W.G. Hale, of China, will remain at the Hof: ‘man House for a few days. Mr. James Friggins, M. P., of England, is among ‘the arrivals at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. Colone! the Honorable John Stanicy, of England, ds registered at the Albemarle Hotcl. | Henry Musgrove, State Auditor of Mississippi, is pmong tie guests at the Grand Central Hotel. (| Right Rev, J. 1. Wood, Roman Catholic Bishop of Philadelphia; Very Rev. C. J. Carter, of Philadelphia, and Rev. A. J. McConomy, of Philadelphia, are Aomictled at the St. Nicholas Hotel. * General Thomas B. Keogh, of North Carolina, is ‘quartered at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. General Nathan Gof, General Joseph P. Balch, General Charles R. Brighton, Captain Thomas ‘Simpson, Captain E. P. Watson, Captain George H. Pettis, Captain James Harden, Colonel Thomas Shere, Major J. W. Barker and Dr. H. 0. Wing, all of Providence, R. I., and delegates to the Soldiers and Sailors’ Convention at Pittsburg, arrived yes- jserday at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. THE KENTUOKY RACES, LEXINGTON, Sept. 15, 1872, The most perfect arrangements have been mado ‘by the officers of the Kentucky Association for the faces which commence here to-morrow and con- tinue through the week, with two attractive con- tests each day and three on Saturday, including a three-mile dash for all ages. The weather ts de- lightful, the course is in perfect condition for Fg t and the stables are well filled with 3 to take part in the sport. Longfellow bi be exhibited to the public on the course each DEATH OF A JUDGE, PORTLAND, Mo., Sept. 16, 1872. Mr. Marcus D. L. Lane, Judge of the Superior tt Of land county, died in this cl wa Syme rer. aged twenty-seven pert Ad = NEW YORK HERALD, MOND THE ALABAMA CLAIMS. Separation of the Members of the Geneva Arbitra- tion Court—Count Selopis’ Address to His Council Colleagues. TELECRAM TO TRE NEW YORK HERALD. Geneva, Sept. 15, 1872. The arbitrators and other personages connected with the Court of Arbitration for the scttlement of the Alabama claims exchanged {farewell good wishes yesterday and separated. COUNT SCLOPIS’ ADDRESS TO MIS COLLBAGUES IN THE COUNCIL, Special statements report that immediately pre- vious to the close of the proceedings in the Board of Arbitration yesterday Count Sclopis read an address congratulating his colleagues on the good relations preserved between them throughout the Session of the Board, and thanking them for the impartial support they had given him in the dis- charge of his duties, He also thanked the Swiss authoritics, federal and municipal, for the courtesies extended to the members of the Court. OPINION IN WASHINGTON. No Enthusiasm Over the Decision—What a Mem- ber of the Joint High Commission Says— Has a New Principle of Arbitra- tion Been Established ? WASHINGTON, Sept. 15, 1872. The award of the Geneva tribunal does not ex- cite the slightest enthusiasm in oficial circles. At- torey General Williams, who ts tho only member of the Joint High Commission now in Washington, says that the award covers fully all that tne American members expected could be awarded, while the sum is actually short of what the English members conceded might be due under the declara- tion of Earl Russell as set forth in correspondence between Minister Adams and the British Premier. As for the establishment of the new prin- ciple of international law it is said, on the authority of a representative of the British government now in Washington, who is fully .Posted on the whole question, that as long ago as May 4, 1865, Earl Russell would have been glad to cancel all legitimate claims against England for more than the amount awarded by the Geneva Tribunal, provided he could have gained as much as has now been accomplished for a sum less in dol- lars, but richer in principle to Great Britain. CUBA. Police Supply of Labor for the Island Defence ‘Works—Money tothe Working Metropolitans. TELEGRAM TO THE KEW YORK HERALD, Havana, Sept. 13, 1872, Large numbers of vagrants have becn arrested in the interior and sent to Havana. They will be set at work on the projected linc of military de- fences. Aldermen Herrera «nd Alano have inspected the police force of this city, and ordered the payment by the city government of salaries to all the men on active duty. ANOTHER AMERICAN SONGBIRD. The Gazzetino di Citta speaks of the dcbut of Miss Violetta Colville as Adina in “L’Elisire d’Amore” at Savonna, the Saratoga of Italy. The young lady, not yet-out of her teens, is the danghter of Mr. Samuel Colville, ono of the managers of the Olym- pic Theatre, New York. The Italian critic thus speaks of her:— The second opera of the season was produced last Saturday. It was the “Klisire d’Amore,” with the young prima donna, Violetta Colville. The imany praises that were lavished on this young and charming artiste by the few who were so fortunate as to have the privilege of listening to the rehear- gals had created the greatest curiosity among the public, who waited with anxiety to form their opinion atid pronounce that opinion § of the ‘general public,” from whose decision there 18 no appeal. anticipations created were great; but we must confess that, for once, ayoung débutante Lacs all the expec- tations crea! by report. success of Miss Violetta Colville was complete—éclatant, as our neighbors beyond the Alps would say—and this suc- cess was such as few inners in this art can boast of having cqualled. She possesses a harmonious, pure and sympathetic voice. Sings with her soul, and with an expressive fecling very rarely found in extreme youth. To see her act with so much case and grace, your admiration ts excited to its utmost, and you involuntarily ask ourself if this is only a young beginner whom you have come to encourage ora tried and approved artiste to whom your homage is due. Itis needless to add that the part of Adina, @ young ant rich “Fittainola,” as the libretto tells us, was performed by “La Colville’ in @ truly unapproachable man- ner. In the aria of the first act and inthe duet with the tenor, “Per Quarte di Tal Pazzia,” she gained the first applause and ovation from the public, which scene after scene was increased until tt be- came @ real fanaticism in the duet with Dulca- marra, “Una Tenera Occhiatina,” which brought an encore in a perfect ii: Sa of applause. ‘The eifect produced upon the andience by this melodious and silvery voice, & voice 80 wegen pure in its into- nations and retaining that purity from the begin- ning to the end of the opera, in spite of all fatigue, was immense and indescribable; and, if we are not mistaken, this young artiste is destined toa most brilliant career and to become one of the brightest stars of the Italian school of music.” After 80 enthusiastic a record of our young coun- trywomen in so musical a country as Italy, it is but natural that we should feel inclined to know where this great skill was attained and how her “pure American voice’ was trained. We find that in July, 1868, Mr. Colville sent his daughter to Europe to obtain the unbiassed opinion of the now Sir Jules Benedict as tothe probable capacity, quality and ductility of her voice. Having heard her, the com- poser of the “Crusaders” and the “Lily of Killar- ney” recommended that she be tmmediately placed under the experienced training of M. Wartel, of Paris, This eminent maestro thus expressed him- self in reference to Miss Colville:— “Jt is Malibran I shall produce; she has ‘the sacred fire;’ she always overcomes me; she ap- prenends too quickly +, she hag the most beautiful mnsical organization I ever met with ii my life; J shall bring her out at eighteen, and I ask of Provi- dence only to bless me with life till then, In three years we shall have a Malibran.”’ Miss Colville’s progress with M. Wartel was re- markable up to the beginning of the late war, when she was compelled to leave Paris and went to Leipsic, where she was placed under the training of Herr Reibling. Notices have been given from time to time of her appearance at social concerts, and notedly at a Court concert at Weimer, presided over by the Abbé Liszt, when the great pianist accompanied her himself, and proclaimed in the presence of the au- dience that she possessed “the feeling of Malibran with the voice of Sontag.” In March last, at a benevolent benefit given by the Leipsic Musical ssociation at the Gewandhaus, Miss Violetta a) peared in the aria ‘‘ Una Voce Poco Fa,” from Rosa ni’s “Barbiere,” which was commented upon b: the Leipsic Daily Journal ag follows:—" Miss Col- ville, from New York, in ben this piece, dis- layed a remarkably fine talent. She delivered er collaratures almost fauitlessly, in true styie and ‘with that elegance of expression which is the result of natural taient,combined with a thorough training, and by which a strong power over the form ai connection of notes isattained. In the phraseology of individual sentences, and in the shading of the samo, this young lady gave commendable testimony of an artiatic power of formation, besides a strict adherence to to rythmical direction which proves & thorough musical education.” Recently Miss Colville visited Milan, and, under the recommenda- tion of Uliman, selected San Glovanni as her pre- sent tutor, THE PORK PACKERS’ POWWOW. BaTimone, Md., Sept. 15, 1872, At a meeting of provision dealers of thia city yesterday a delegation of fourteen was appointed to attend the Convention of Pork Packers and Pro- vision Dealers in Utncinnati on September 13, SPAIN. His Majesty Amadeus Opens the First Session of the New Parliament. Speech from the Throne—BRelations to the Holy See—Cuba Quicted and To Be Re« formed—The Treasury Deficit and Budget Diftcalty. TELECEAM TO THE FEW YORK HERALD. Maprip, Sept. 15, 1372. His Majesty King Amadeus proceeded from the Palace to the Legislative Hall during the afternoon to-day, and there opened the session of the new Parliament, convened since the general election, by the delivery of a throne speech addressed to the members, The King was received with the usual salutations and oficial formalities, THE SPEZCH. Having ascended the throne the King com- menced his speech by stating that the efforts which have been already made by the Spanish government for the re-establishment of diplomatic relations be: tween the Crown and the Holy See have, so far, proved unavatling. THE QUESTION OF OUBA. ‘The promised reforms in Cuba will be carried into effect as soon as the rebellion was over. TREASURY DEFICIT AND PROSPECT OF NEW TAXRS. When His Majesty was about to conclude his specch he announced the existence of a deficit in the Treasury budget, and callea on the Cortes to provide means for meeting it. The New Budget. This offictal exhibit. ia of the most vital.impor- tance to the King’s government. Sefior Camacho’s budget embraces two: financial years—viz., 1871-2 and 1872-3—there having been a gap of two years since a Spanish budget was passed. The figures he exposes are very embarressing to the Spaniards, On the financial year 1871-2 Seflor Ca- macho shows a deficit of nearly $40,000,000 American, viz., expenditure, 656,090,000 pesetas; revenue, 469,000,000 pesetas; deficit, 187,000,000 pesetas. On the proximate financial year, 1$72-3, he shows a deficit of $27,750,000—namely, expenditure, 662,000,000 pesetas; revenue, 543,000,000 pesetas; de- ficit, 114,000,000 pesetas, He gets at the latter figure after calculating every possible item of reduction he can make in the national expenses and every possible item he can add to the taxation to bring up receipts. Thus, he lops off thirty-three per cent from the assigna- tion to the clergy, taxes railway shares and rail- way fares ten pet cent, augments the discount of oMcial salaries, and adds the legacy and in- heritance duty and to the navigation dues, Then he proposes to put a tax on oils, wines, liquors, meats, salt and soap. Sefior Camacho asks the Cortes not only to sanction the fresh taxes, but also to enact that for seven years the interest on the interior debt shall-be pal two-thirds in cash and the rest in paper, and to authorize him to endeavor to Leas 3 the foreign creditors into the same arrange- ment. THE PROJECT FOR RELIEF. Asa meansifor immediate temporary relief from the money embarrassment, the Minister of Finance, among other plans, proposes the issue of State paper in the shape of Treasury receipts, equal in amount to half a year's taxes and duties of the Kingdom. These are to be soid to the contributors on terms of such ad- vantage to them as to make it worth their while to buy and use the paper in payment of contribu- tions to the State, Then he asks authority te put out 161,000,000 of pesetas in unissued Treasury bonds, and to make a fresh emission of 100,000,000 of pesetas in a second serics of Treasury bonds. The Difficulty With the Holy See. King Amadeus announces that the dificulty which exists in his governmental relations with the Holy See has not yet been, reconciled. The condition of affairs 1%, no doubt, uupleasant. In- dependent of the feeling which existsin the Vati- can towards Italy, the King of Spain inherits the consequences of the prejudice which was engen- dered in the minds of the ruling powers of the Holy See by the Spanish provisional government of March, 1870, in its action with respect-to the dog- ma of infallibility, On the 11th of March, 1870— Amadeus accepted the throne on the 4th of De- cember, 1870—the Provincial Government im Madrid addressed a circular, through the Minister of State, tothe Spanish representatives. in, Italy and Ger- many, in which he said :— The notes addressed on the 19th of November last to our representatives: at Reme and Munich clearly traced the course which the Spanish government had determined to follow in all that relates to the Eenmenical Council. Faithful to its principles, epee of ita authority, and secure in its strength, the nish government will neither meddle in affairs wi do not concern it nor tolerate any invasion of foreign authority in. the circle of its action. Liberty of worship being: established in Spain, the State has nothing to do, either for or a@gainst the dogmas accepted by the diferent religious communions, as lowg as they do not try to impose their sanction or recognition on the legal powers. The laws of the kingdom are the solc common rights of all Spaniards. Whatever is not opposed to them is lawfu}, and unlawful whatever 1s opposed to them, without regard to its origin. Any declara- tion which does not emanate from the legis- tive power is null, and the government need neither fear mor combat such dec- laration. It 18 therefore resolved not to accept any conciliar decisions which are not in ac- cordance with the laws of the State; it is disposed to act with other governments in vepelling any in- terference of the Church with the otvil power, and while respecting the resolution which is attributed to other nations of influencing the decisions of the Ecumenical Synod, the Spanish government m- tends on its part remaining a@ stranger to such in- fnence, and faithful to the principles contained in the diplomatic notes of November 19 and in the Parliamentary declarations of December 7 last. Bis Majesty the King has yet to choose his course, for Rome certainly experienced ill-humor in conse- quence of the above manifesto, MBE, GREELEY'S MOVEMENTS, Mr. Greeley has been the recipient of a series of invitations to attend fairs and exhibitions in the West, and in reply to them he has consented to make a partial tourin that direction. He will ac- cordingly start on the Pennsylvania Central on Wednesdav morning, and at the town of Indiana, Pa., will deliver a short agricultural address on Thursday afternoon. Thence he will proceed to Pittsburg, wherehe will remain for some hours, and will proceed by rail to Cincinnati, where he has engaged to attend the Exposition on Friday. From. Cincinnati he will to Indianapolis, Ind., where he will attend the great State Fair. After that his route is not so certain, it Boing probatle that he will visit Louis- ville and Nashville, and ada 9 by way of Chi- cago, Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Erie and the labor region of Pennsylvania. ‘The tour will extend through about two weeks. Mr. Greeley will be the ee of members of the State Committees in each tate, and at Cincinnati the guest of the Chamber of Commerce, Governor Randolph will receive him 1n Jersey City and conduct him through that State, turning him over to the charge of Pennsylvania members when he leaves that little State. special train with a magnificent Pullmzn car has been placed at his disposal. THE FEMALE SUFFRAGISTS. Sr. Lovrs, Mo., Sept. 15, 1872. The female snffragists of this city have adopted resolutions heartily approving the fourteenth reso- Jution of the republican national platform, recog- nizing their rights and commending the action of the Massachusetts Republican State Convention. THE MISSOURI GOVERNORSHIP. Sr, Lovis, Sept. 15, 1872. The acceptance by ex-Senator Henderson of tho nomination for Governor by the Republican State Convention will be announced to-morrow. LABOR CONGRESS. DetRort, Mich., Sept. 15, 1872, The National Labor Congress will assembie in Cleveland on Tuesday next. SOLDIERS AND SAILORS’ CONVENTION. Bautimons, Md., Sept. 15, 1872, The Washington delegates for the Pittsburg Con- vention passed through Baltimore this evening. ‘The Baltimoro de! tion, numbering leave for Pittsburg lomorrow at noon, na LITERATURE. REVIEWS OF NEW BOOKS Memots or Roger Brooge Tangy, LL. D., Chief Justios of the Supreme Court of the United Baha SSR ie ha Biy 8h a } Jol 8v0, pp. 65% With portrait. Before entering upon the merits of this volume a6 a biography we must say one word of the very seperior manner in which the publisters have done their work. The typographyof the book is as near faultless aa it is posable’ for a mechanical process to be, and' the’ proof readimg. has left no discover- able blemish behind, se thoroughly has the press been cbrrevted, Mr, Samuel Tyler, now law lecturer for a college in Washington, belongs to ths old and honorable school of Maryland lawyers, among whom the late Chief Justice of the United States passed the early years of his-practice at the bar. Mr. Tyler's earlier works in literature, and especially his “Discourse on the Baconian Philosophy” and sketch of the “Progress of Philosophy,” have acquired for him an enviable fame ‘asa thinker and writer, both in Eng- land and America. Perfect clearness is the charac- teristic of his style, and this in a biographical work is a merit of the first magnitude. - The open- ing chapter of the book consists of a fragment of autobiography, prepared by Chief Justice Taney late in life, and continued no further than to his twenty-fifth year. Born in 1777, the Chief Justice died in 1864, at the ripe old age of eighty-seven. Two years before his decease he personally indicated to Mr. Tyler his desire that he Should become his biographer. That gentleman has waited until the heats and rancors of the great civil war have mostly died away to fulfl his pious task toward the memory of one whom he considers his much maligned triend. The part of the memoir for which the Chief Justice is responsible ts dis- tinguished by tiat perfect simplicity and transpar- ency ofstyle which marked the judicial opinions of its author. Chronologically it launches him in the active carcer of life, and introduces him to poll- tica—the politics of the elder Adams—for the youth- ful Taney was an intense federalist in 1801, Mr. Tyler takes up the narrative at the epoch of Mr. Taney’s settlement in Frederick, Md., for prac- tice at the bar. There is a pleasant sketch of the old county town, its natural scenery, business features and courts. In five years the young law- yer acquired a lucrative :practice by sheer force of his intellectual talents, and thought himself rich enough to marry. Francis Scott Key, afterwards the author of “The Star Spangled Banner,” and a fellow law student with Taney at Annapolls, had a Pretty and graceful sister, and it was to her, at the paternal mansion in Frederick county, that the future Chief Justice proposed and was accepted. Bere is abitot Mr. Tyler’s lighter vein of writ- ing:— The mansion was of brick, with centre and wings and long porches. It was situated amid a large lawn, shaded by trees, and an extensive ter- raced pecden adorned with shrubbery and flowers, Near by flowed Pipe Creek, through a dense wood. A copious stream of purest water, where young people loved to retire and sit under the sheiterin; Oaks in summer, was: at the foot of the hill. meadow of waving grass spread out towards the Catoctin Mountain, which could be seen at sunset curtained in clouds of crimson and gold. It was at this happy house that Mr. Taney was, the 7th day of qenuasy, 1806, married to Aune Phebe Chariton The two great points of public interest in Chief Justice Taney’s long career were his removal of the deposits under Jackson, as Secretary of the Treasury, and his decision in the Dred Scott case. Passing over the first as now of vastly inferior in- terest, let us cite as an example of Mr. Tyler's po- litical style the folowing sketch of the men and measures that followed closely upon General Jack- son's withdrawal from public life. We may premise as an interesting and not widely known fact that Jackson's farewell address to his countrymen was written by Chief Justice Taney :— When General Jackson’s second term expired there was no one to continue the restoration in the working of the federal government begun by that great ruler. Martki Van Buren succeeded him as President, He was cold and crafty, always watch- ing for an opportunity, but had not! heroic in his nature, which is so essential to the character of @ ruler ofthe people. He by machination broken up the first cabinet of General Jackson, and by playing upon his hatred of Mr. Calhoun, who. the General thought, had been treacherous to him he subceeded in gaining his favor for himself as his successor. ‘an Buren was called a ‘North- with Southern _ principles.” He was certainly an extreme State rights man, as “Inquiry into the Origin and Cause of Political Parties m- the nited States" abundantly shows. ‘Ine Southern State rights arty, led by Mr. Calhoun, felt for him the con- Tpmptyous hasred borrowed from thelr great leader. Vhen,Van Buren became a candidate for re-elec- tion, all the political factions and cliques and rings, led by log-rolling politicians, combined with the disinsegrated national republican party into an op- position—for such a combination cannot be called a paris and called themselves whigs, to indicate hat their aim was, to overthrow the one-man lett which, as they pretended, General Jackson had endeavored to. éstablish. ie great leaders, Qlay and Webster, were repudiated by this motley group, led by political tricksters; and recognizing availability a3 the only qualification for candidates for the Presideycy. and Vice Presidency, they nomi- nated William Yenry Harrison and Jehn Tyler, a federalist and a nullifier, to secure all the votes of such a heteregencous multitude as were concealed under the sppeaticn, whig. Pandering to the low- est feelings of human nature, this combination suc- ceeded in electing their candidates by the instru. Mentalities of log cabins, coonskins and hard cider. From that moment the great party which Alexan- bot a organized fell to the lowest level in politics. Its principles (to use an expression of John Randolph of Roanoke) were severi—five loaves and two fishes, When a nation comes to tnink that it no Jouger stands in need of great taen to lead it, but relies upon the wisdom of the intuitions of the multitude, {t soon brings upon itself woes, which, rhaps, may be esteemed curses for repudiating he great men whom God has endowed with aupy rior wisdom for the benefit of the country in which they are born, The federalist led = and the nullifer became President, and adminis- tered the vernment be id his special views of the Constitution. The democratic fea ita erodien upon the level of availability, now nominated James K. Polk for President, d the other ‘party nominated Henry Clay as their can- didate. Polk was elected by a large majority, which elicited from Mr, Clay the remark that he was al- Ways nominated when his defeat was certain, and never when his election was probable, The truth is, both yen had ceased to appreciate great men, Amidst the extraordinary development of the ma- terial resources of the country, the nation had come to consider physical power and territorial extent the chief glories of a great people. Therefore !t was that combinations of corporations and public com- panies and speculators and money changers be- came a great power in the politics of the country. Their schemes of personal aggrandizement could not receive the same favor from great statesmen, aspiring toa a hen name in history as wise rulers, as ney would ‘rom men of narrow understandings, neither knowing what constituted historical honor nor caring for it. From this preliminary survey of national politics Mr. Tyier pages toa review of the slavery ques- tion, the compromises of 1860, the Northern agita- tion and uneasiness, and the Southern sonsitive- ness and resentment, all of which were fanned into unprecedented flame by the controversy over Kan- sas, Nebraska and slavery in the Territories. It is, perhaps, unnecessary to say that in this contest Mr. Tyler's sympathies are whoily with the South. ‘Thus he introduces the famous decision in the case of Dred Scott:— The day after the inauguration the decision was announced. Instead of the quiet which President Buchanan’s bind hope anticipated, the decision excited more rancorous hate than any other judg- ment of a Court since man first submitted disputes to the arbitrament of law. The abolitionists con- sidered ita decision enforcing ‘a covenant with death and an agreement With hel), as they called the constitution of the United States. And the freesollers from that moment caught the fanatical spirit of the abolitionists, The great question involved in the case was, whether it be competent for the Congress of the United States, directly or indirectly, to exclude slavery from the Territories of the Union? The Su- preme Court decided that it is not. This was the opinion of six Judges out of the eight who com- prot ror Court. Justice McLean and Justice Curtis jssented, The opinion of the Court was delivered by Chief Justice Taney, and a supplement which he after. wards prepared, because of the clamor him, to justify his opinion before the publicists o the world and before the judgment of future agesf are published among the appendices to this vol, ume. The two combined constitute the most com- prehensive and best reasoned politico-judicial opin- 10D ever pronounced by any tribunal. Mr. Tyler here goes into an examination of the dissenting opinions in the Dred Scott case, particu. larly that of Mr. Justice Curtis, to show that whereas they maintain that slavery, being contrary to natural right, can be created only by municipal Jaw, the true ground is that slavery existed and was largely founded upon the law of nations. “To AY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1872—TRIPLE SHEET, speak of the institution of slavdcy,” oays he, ‘as Political sclolists do, as an unmitigated evil, crime and sin, only betrays an ignorant presumption.” And he goes on to characterize tt as “the one great educational institution by which, for thousands of years, the lowest Classes of péople Nave been. ralacd from barbarism.” Yet we find Mr. Tyler ieral enough to declare, farther on, “Irejoice that slavery mo longer exists in Owr country.” The unexampled exéltement that follewed the | proclamation throughowt the anti-slavery North of the déctrine laid down by Chief Justice Taney in the’ Dred Scott case is thus characterized by our bio: grapher:~ “The Optaton of Chief Justlee' Taney, in’ the Dred- Scott casey had hardly been rear im open Court be- fore the panders d{! the free-soit party circulated, by all meany of communication, over every place where a voter lived, that the Chfef Justice had pro- claimed, as his petsonal opinion, atté not as a mat- ter of public law, that have' no rights which @ white man is hound to. Reebent. A sentiment 80 atrocious, notwithstanding the elevated position the Chief Justice had attained, as we have scen, in majo! le of the United States, to Rave been really expronsed by the Chief Justice. In the wild, willing imagirtations ot the party in whose path to power: the Dred-Scott decision was a stombuog, block, the Chief Justice Appeared as a monster robed in the habiliments of justice, in collusion with the democratic party, and bbe unrighteous judgments in their inter- And here Mr. Tyler enters upon a portion of his task which must have been distasteful to him. He cites from a speech of Hon. William H. Seward, in 1868, in the Senate, the charge that there was some secret understanding or collusion between the Chief Justios, President Buchanan and the chiefs of the democratic party respecting the decision in the Dred Scott case, before it was delivered. This charge Mr. Tyler denounces as “an unmitigated calumny from beginning to end,” and he is betrayed into the use of very damaging epithets toward its author, going so far as to impute to him personally mean and dishonorable motives, And he cites let- ters written to him by two of the Associate Judges sitting In the Dred Scott case (Justices Nelson and Campbell), showing that they totally disbelleved that there had been any understanding what- ever of the nature charged by Mr. Seward. Certainly the very strong letter of Hon, Reverdy Johnson, written almost contemporaneously (March 6, 1853), and printea in this memoir, is conclusive against any theory that supposes the Dred Scott case had been got before the Supreme Court at that particular juncture for political effect, ‘Sokeenly did the late Chief Justice resent the charge of Mr. Seward that Mr. Tyler gives us this emphatic anecdote on the subject:— In such abhorrence did Chief Justice Taney hold the conduct of Mr. Seward, in ‘so wantonly assall- ing the Supreme Court, that he told me if Mr. Seward had been nominated and elected President instead of Mr. Lincoln he should, if requested, as was customary, have refused to administer to him the oficial oath, and thereby proclaim to the nation wae he would not administer that oath to such a In 1863, when the first Income Tax law went into effect, and a tax of three per cent on all salaries or other incomes in excess of $800 was imposed, Chief Justice Taney addressed the following letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase, after- wards his own successor. We believe this letter, although spread upon the minutes of the Court by direction of the Judges, has not before been pub- lished. It is interesting in connection with two facts stated by Mr. Tyler—First, that no notice was taken of it by Secretary Chase, and, second, that by a very recent ruling of the Secre- tary of the Treasury Mr. Boutwell has re- versed the practice of his predecessors for ten years (including his own), and refunded to the Judges ofthe Supreme Court or their estates (as well as to the District Judges and the Presidents or ex-Presidents) all amounts of income tax withheld from their salaries, while in office, from 1862 to 1871:— WASHINGTON, February 16, 1863. Srr—I find that the act: of Congress of the last session imposing a tax of three percent on the Salaries of all oilicers in the. Soyareens of the United States has been construed, in your depart- ment, to embrace judicial officers, and the amount of the tax has been deducted from the salaries of the Judges. The first section of the third article of the con- stitution provides that-“the judicial power of the United States shall. be vested in one Sopranip Court and such inferior courts as - gress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges of both tne Supreme and inferior courts shall hold their oMces during good beha- vior, and shall at stated times receive for their ser- vices a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance. in office.” The act in question, as. you interpret it, diminishes the compensation of every Judge three per cent; and ifitcan be diminished: to that extent: by the name of a tax, it may in the same way be reduced: from time to timo at the pleasure of the Legislature. The Judiciary is one of the three great depart- ments of government created and established by the constitution. Its duties and powers are speciti- cally set forth, and are of @ character that re- t heddi it tobe perfectly independent of the other lepartments. And in order to place it beyond the reach and above even the suspicion of any such in- fluence, the power to. reduce their compen- sation is expressly withheld from Congress id excepted from their powers of legislation. Langwego could not be more than the constitution. that, used in over, one of its most impor provisions. For the articles which Itmit the powers Of the legislative and executive branches of the gevernment, and which provide safeguards for the protection of the citizen in his person and property, would be of little value without a jua- clary to uphold and maintain them which was free from every influence, direct or indirect, that mizht by eprepros in times of political excitement, warp their jud; nts. Upon these grounds I regard an act of Congress retaining in the Treasury a portion of the compen- sation of the Judges as unconstitutional and void; and I should not have troubled you with this letter if there was any mode by which the question could be decided in a judicial proceeding. But all the Juages of the Courts of the United States have an interest in the question, and could not, therefore, with propriety undertake to hear and decide it. Lam, however, not willing to leave it to be infer- red, my silence, that I admit the Beh of the Legislature to diminish, in this or any other mod the compensation of the Judges when once fixe by law; and my silence would naturally, perhaps necessarily, be looked upon as acquiescence on my part in the power claimed and exercised under this act of Congress, and would be regarded as a prece- dent establishing the principle that the Legislature may at its pleasure et late the salarics of the J Sadges of the vourts of the United states, and may rae their compensation whenever Congress may Ink proper. Having been honored with the highest judicial station under the constitution I feel it to be more especially my duty to uphold and maintain the con- stitutional rights of that department of the govern- ment, and not by any act or word of mine leave it to be supposed that I acquiesce ina measure that displ oes it from the inope dent Regition signed to it by the statesmen whd framed thé cdfistitation, And in order to guard against any such inference I present to you this bey (tape: but firm and decided remonstrance against the authority you have exer- cised pier this act of Congress, and request you to acd protest upon the public files of your Mice as the evidence that I have done everything in my power to preserve and maintain the Judicial Department in the position and rank in the govern- -ment which the constitution hi ssigned to it. I am, sir, very respectfully yours. . TANEY. Hon. 8S, P. Case, Secretary of the Treasury. When the civil war broke ont Chief Justice Taney, who had administered the oath of oMce to Abraham Lincoln about three months before, gave a reirax- able opinion in the Merryman habeas corpus case, which showed plainly that he held fast by tne pre- rogatives of the judiciary and the civil power.even in the midst of arms. In this opinion, delivered in Chambers, at Baltimore, May 28, 1861, the Chief Justice used the following language :— These great and fundamental laws, which Con- gress itself could not suspend, have been «isi garded and suspended, like the habeas corpus, b: military order, supported by force of arms. if the authority which the constitution has confided to the Judiciary Department may thus be usurped by the bbe | power at its discretion the people of the United States are no longer living under a gov- ernment of laws, but every citizen holds life, lib- erty and dig ge Aad the will and pleasure of tne army officer in whose military district he may hap- pen to be found, The administration, guided by a military neces- sity which knew no jaw, rode over this opinion in the Merryman case roughshod. Doubtless it could not have done otherwise, since it wag itselfin the very maelstrom of the revolution, and did not con- trolevents so much as it was controlled by them, The calm, clear utterance ofthe Chief Justice of the United States, asserting as it were from the closet the sacredness of the great muniment of personal Mberty to a major general with five regiments at his back, sounded strangely In those days, read, as it was, at the point of the sword and amid the thunder ofcannon. “I cannot argue with the master of twenty legions,” said the Roman philosopher; and thevenerablo Taney, who stood manfully for the old long after the new had como in, and upheld the right and dignity of the judicial power whon the laws Lad long siuce gope ailegt ia the midst of 7 arms everywhere else, was forced at last to suc. Cumb to inevitable fate. Sadly the broken old mam Wrote to a friend the year before he died— Yet I hope to linger by to the next term of the Supreme Cor Very different, however, that Court will now be from the Court as I have hereto- fore known it. NoraoTsee any ground for hope that it will ever be restored to the authority and rank which the constitution intended to con- fer upon it. The supremacy of the military power Over the civil seems to be established, and the pub- lic mind has acquiesced in it and sanctioned it. The domestic life of Roger B. Taney was affec- vtonate and beautiful. He inspired all who came im coutact with him, whether relatives or depend- ent ®, with a strong sense of attachment and devo- tion’. In religion he was a sincere and devout Cathe. His high station did not make him. the Jess h, mble; but, though stern and exacting in public i'f tm regard to the respect due to official Station, se was in the oMices of religion among the lowllest\of mankind. “Of:en have I seen him,” says Father McBlroy, “stand at the outer door lead- ing’to the confessional! in ¢.crowd of penitents, the majority co.'ored, waiting his turn for admission. £ proposed to.vtroduce him by another door to my confessional, bat he would not accept of any devia- tion frem the es¢abtished custom.” Let those whe have expended. so much fierce denniiciation upom the late Chief Justice as the author of that atro- cious and inhuman sentiment, “Negroes have no rights that white mer are bound to respect,” pic- ture the gray-headed old man, patiently waiting for his colored brethren before he would confess tiie own sins, and then see with what -love’and venera- tion he was regarded by all negroes who came im contact with him, and then let tnem answer te themselves the question, Would they treat the despised African with equal consideration, cour- tesy and Christian democracy? THE WEATHER. EERE ER ee ESSnt War DEPARTMENT, U OFFICR OF THE COIRF SIONAL OFFICER, WAsmINaTON, D. 0., Sept, 16—1 A. BM Synopsis for the Past Twenty-four Hours. The barometer has fallen north and east of Tem nessee, being highest north of New England. Nort: erly to northeasterly winds are now prevailing from Maryland to New England, with cloudy weatherand” areas of rain. West of this region generally clear weather and light winds, except west of Lake Michigan, where partly cloudy weather and freste to brisk westerly winds are reported. Clear weather over the Southern States. Probabilities. For New England, winds veering to easterly, wit cloudy weather along the coast; for the Middle States, winds veering to easterly and sontherly, with: @ slight rise in the temperature and clear weather except along the coast, where partly cloudy weather will probably prevail. Genorally clear weather and light winds for the Southern States east of the Mississippi; northwest of the Ohio Valicy, winds veering to westerly and northwesterly, with gene- rally clear weather. Tho midnight telegraphic reports from Upper Michigan and Dakota are missing. Tho Weather in This City Yesterd: The following record will show the changes im the temperature for the past twenty-four hours im comparison with the corresponding day of last year, as indicated by the thermometer at Hudnat's Pharmacy, HERALD Building :— 1871, 1872 - eo a ye CA 12M. + -» 64 64 12P. M., . 65 Average temperatnre yesterday.... seeseee OBIE Average temperature for corresponding date last year.. se eeeeeeeee UTAH. The Mormon Press on Bishop Smith Statement. SaLt LAKE City, Sept. 15, 1872. The Herald (a Mormon journal) of this city this morning says of Bishop Smith's aMdavit on the Mountain Meadows massacre that he is either » murderer on his own confession or a perjurer; and calls for his arrest and trial on a requisition from the Governor of Utah. It also protests against charging the massacre on the Mormons as & people. Colonel Thomas Scott. and party arrived here om Saturday. DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT MANCHESTER, W. H. MANONESTER, Sept. 15, 1872. A large block at the corner of Central and Chest- nut streets in this city, owned by John Sweeney, caught fire early this morning and is atmost.a total loss. The fire is supposed to have been caused by the breaking of a kerosene lamp. The block con- tained seventcen tenements and the grocery of William F. Sleeper & Company. The grocery was insnred for $7,000, which will probably cover Sleeper’s loss. LAYING THE CORNER STONE OF A CATHOLIO CHUROE. BANcor, Me., Sept, 15, 1872. The corner stone of St. Mary’s Catholic Church was laid to-day, with appropriate services, by Bishop Bacon, of Portland, assisted by the resti- dent clergy and several from other places. During the exercises.a portion of the platform broke down, letting about a hundred persons through. Several ‘were injured and one, a Mr. John Glynn, so severely that his death is momentarily expected. STABBED IN THE THROAT. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Sept. 15, 1872. During a row in a hotel on Water street this af- ternoon a man named Michael Collins, aged thirty- two years, and recently employed in picking peaches in Delaware, was stabbed in the throat, = fearful wound being inflicted. It is not known whe committed the deed, but three parties are in cus- tody on suspicion. PENNSYLVANIA STATE FAIR, Ente, Pa., Sept. 15, 1872. The Pennsylvania State Fair opens here next Tuesday. The indications are that it will be the largest and finest exhibition the society has ever given. fl % = lillie i 2. Ores YACHTING NOTES. WF The following yachts passed the HERALD tele graph station at Whitestone yesterday :— ‘acht Calypso, N.Y.Y.C., from City Island for New York, ? aes Alice, N.Y.Y.C., from Newport for New york. Yacht Fleetwing, N.Y.Y.C., from New London for New York, is at anchor opposite the Hrratp tele- graph station, and will probably proceed in the morning. Died. O'TOOL At 41 Spring street, on Sunday, the 15th inst., at six o’c'ock A. ML, Hawa, the beloved wife of James O0’Toole. For other Deaths see Ninth Page. Mosquito Bi ~—Burnett’s Kallistom neutralizes the poison almost instantaneously. A.—The Espenscheid Fall Hat.—! cm SCHED and the public coincide in opinion ag to the merits of his Fall Fashion for 1872. Although the sea- son has scarcely commenced the demand for thi avis of the trade iy sweeping away the contents of his shelves as fast as hig numerous workmen and finishers can supply them, It is admitted without a dissentis voice that his $7 HAT is superior to any sold in Br way for $3. The store Is at 118 Nassau street. ’s Patent AemHerrin gt {MPION. SAFES, 251 and 252 Broadway, corner of Murray strest. A—Herald Branch barge g Nomen on Y Pultot stree: Commer Soon irom SA. Me tosh Me AT Presidential comestam aye in prepared fov supply ft with ils Pall way, troduced” ca upon nine” Equal to the Best and Cheaper than all others,~Such 1s the NEW WILSON UNDER-FERD SEWING MACHINE, perfected a of study and perimenting. Simple, Ngbt-running and endurable. ox] Di ery grade of Neh and heavy sewing. wor ih it i nh ade for family use, a RS chenper than all ethers, Salesroom Tor Broadway. fter years penthcrathcemsnietamnnannnnnion Din P it ors Work Political Banners, rueand, Por ta, atHOJBR & GRAHAM'S, 97 Duane street. oem.mber Jore. eae Longs age Heads thursday, Sepietaber id; tee chotces ‘no reserve. Roy: Prizes Cashed, ‘al Ha Lottery. Spadiak Baik Dida TaYuOb & OO. Soahern is Walee