The New York Herald Newspaper, September 14, 1872, Page 6

NEW YORK HE q BROADWAY AND ANN STREET. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR. All business or news letters and telegraphic despatches must be addressed New Your No. 258 AMUSEMENTS THIS AFTERNOON AND. EVENING, FIFTH AVENUE THEATRE, Twenty-fourth street.— Diamonvs, Matinee at 1%. ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteenth streot.—Ricoetie0; on, Tux Consrinacy, Matinee at l),—Sur.oce. GRAND OPERA HOU! ‘wonty-third st. and Bighth @v.—Rot Cauorre. Matinee at 1. BOOTH’: PRE, T third stroot. oorner Sixth \avenunnnes Beis bay ef Powis Jew. Matinee. \_ BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Beerua, tux Sewina Macutne Grat—Tooptes, &c. \_ WOOD'S MUSEUM, Broadway, corner Thirtieth st.— Cuow-Cnow. Afternoon and Evening. OLYMPIC TIIBATRE, Broadway, between Houstonand Bleecker sts.—Rep Pocksrsoog. Matinee at 2. THEATRE COMIQUE, 514 Broadway. -New Yonre Ex- Paussman, Ac. Matinee at 2 ‘ WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broadway and Thirteonth atrect—Ixion; on, Tax Max at tuk Wuex., Matinee. ‘ BROOKLYN ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Montague st.— Hourry Dourry. WHITE'S ATHENZUM, [85 Broadway.—Necro Min- Y, kc. '_ BRYANT’S OPERA HOUSE, Twenty-third st. corner Cthav.—Nxcro Minstaetsy, Eccentuicity, &c. Matinee. AT. JAMES THEATRE, corner of 23th st. and Broad ‘way.—San Francisco Mixsrne.s IN anor, &c. Matinee. \_ 72 BROADWAY, EMERSON'S MINSTRELS,—Granp Emorian Eccexrnicites. Matinee at 2. JAMES ROBINSON'S CHAMPION CIRCUS, corner of Madivon avenue and Forty-firth strect. NEWARK INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION, Washington Street, corner of Court, Newark, N. J. AMERICAN INSTITUTE FATR, Thint av., between 63d and 64th streets. CENTRAL PARK GARDEN.—Graxp Instromentat Conoxnt. PAVILION, No. 688 Broadway, near Fourth street.— Granv Concert. NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 613 Broadway.— (CR AND Ant. TRIPLE SHEET. New York, Saturday, Sept. 14, 1872. PEt ie eee a nat oh CONTENTS OF TO-DAY’S HERALD. + PAGE. 1—Advertisements. R—Advertisements. 3—Dupanioup: A HERALD Correspondents In- terview with the Bishop of Orleans; His Opinion of Thiers; The President's Obstinacy and perc aae and What May Spring from Them; Gambetta His Probable Successor and Then Follows the Commune; The Education Question—The London Stage—Amusements— Continuation of the Metis Investigation— News from Fort Sill—Foreign Naval Visitors— Double Murder—Revenue peovery. 4—Francis Kernan: A Talk with the Democratic- Liberal Candidate for Governor; What He ‘Thinks About Dr: One’s Religion Into tics; To Be or Not To Be Governor—The Political Headquarters—Ex-Governor Curtin's Letter—The Dauntless Duncanites: The Al- leged Secret Understanding Between the Redoubtable Moreau and Mr. O'Conor; Com- ied To Be the Candidate; He Waits the spontaneous Will of the People—Brooklyn Politics—New Jersey Politics—Gencral Dix to the Soldiers—Mr. Greeley's Return—A Voice from New Hampshire—More Frauds in Jersey: The Chosen Freeholders of Hudson County— The Liberal Club. S—Livingstone: The German Scientists and the HERALD Lal at House Hor- rors—A Mormon Monstrosity : Lea Light on the Mountain Meadows Massacre—Startling Defaication—Killing for Slander: A Man Shot Dead for Accusing a Lady of Improper Con- duct—Aquatic—The Viele Abduction—Fatall, Crushed by a Car—Yesterday’s Accidents an Assaults—New York City Items—The Failures in Baltimore—Boller Explosion. 6—Editoriais: Leading Articlc, “The Coal Ques- tion in England—The Causes of Commercial Supremacy—Great Britain and the United States in the Future’—amusement Announce- ments, 7—Eiitorials (Continued from Sixth Page)—The Alabama Claims—Marshal Bazaine's Trial— The Steamship America—Cable Telegrams from England, France, Rome, Beigium, Nor- way and China—News from Brazil, Peru and Cuba—News from Washington—Miscella- neous Telegrams—Business Notices. S—Interesting Proceedings in the New York and Brooklyn Courts—Sudden Death—Billy For- rester—Jefferson Market Police Court—An- other Railroad Casualty—Am ‘can Jockey Club—Horse Notes—An Adroit Swindie— ve the Suez Cana!—Marriages and ry 1° and Commercial: A Sensation in Erie; Sudden Scarcity of the Stock for Specu- lative Delivery; A “Corner” on the “Shorts ;" The Le Poe fag Powers of Erie Curiously Exemplified; The “Bulls” Avail Themselves of the Strait of the “Bears;” Advance of the Stock Market; An Easter Feeling. in Money; Governments Steady; The New South Caro- lina Bonds Active; A Falling Off in the Week- ly Importation of Dry Goods—The Erie Canal to be Turned into a Freight Ratlroad—“A Sorrowful Sampler’—Supposed Tragedy—A Correction. t0—srighton: A Glance at the Londoners’ Resort aud an Estimate of Its People—The Irving Hall Bullard Match—Shipping Intelligence— Advertisements, pam a in the Boards of Aldermen and As- sistant Aldermen—Advertisements. 12—Advertisements, Tae AtapaMa Cranes ARBITRATORS re- turned to Geneva yesterday from a festive tour of visit made to the citizens of Berne, Thun and Interlachen. They had a very agrecable time during their absence, and are again at the centre of the Alabama claims arbitration, “beaming all over with smiles’’ and brimful of health, hope and the spirit of fraternity and peace. The arbitrators reassure the nations, after a banquet, as will be seen, that the most happy results will ensue from their court labors, not only to England and the United States, but to civilization in general. What area few millions of dollars in comparison with the prospect? Enre mw 4 ‘“Conner”’.—The vicissitudes of speculation are besetting. Usually the dan- gers of Wall strect consist in buying. But it has been often demonstrated that there is just ‘as much danger of loss in selling. Commo- dore Vanderbilt, familiarizing a remark of the elder Rothschild, gave his advice once to a victim: —‘“‘Never sell what you haven't got, Sonny.’’ Some parties, ignorant of, or reck- less of, this advice, have been selling Erie for | a declino—that is, they intended feversing | the usual method of speculation by selling first and buying afterward. But too many of them did the same thing, and thero wasn't enough stock to go around. The consequence isa “corner’’ in Erie, which prevailed up to the time the Board adjourned yesterday. Mansuat Bazarve’s Triax before the French court martial has, it is said, brought to light circumstances of the most serious import in connection with the conduct of the war be- twoen France and Prussia, Bazaine is charged with having surrendered the garrison of Metz unnecessarily. He stands in great danger of losing his life by military execution if con- victed, Crmzens or Smanauax, China, have taken six millions of francs of the new French loan. Sympathy from the imperial East for the cause of democracy in Europ2, NEW YUKK HERALD, SATURDAY, SHPTEMBER 14, 1872—-TRIPLE SHEET. The Coal Question im Hngland—The Causes of Oommercial Supremacy— Great Britain and the United States fm the Future. All the news of late from England with regard to the supply, production and price of coal shows that the coal ques- tion in all its bearings on the present and futuro is becoming deoply interesting. There is no subject which engages tho serious attention of the statesmen and political economists of England at the prosent timo more important than that of the coal supply of the United Kingdom. The consumption has been so enormous of late years and the yearly ratio of increase in consumption has been so great that it has become evident the time is approaching when the limited area of the coal fields must be exhausted. This gloomy prospect, with its probablo distressing consequences, was brought to the notice of the British public in an able speech delivered by Mr. Gladstone a fow yearsago. Others have spoken and written on tho subject, but the note of alarm sounded by this statesman awakened England from her slumber of fancied security and perpotual commercial supremacy. Parliament saw the necessity of investigating the question of coal supply in the British islos and appointed commissioners for that purpose. Reports have been made by these Commissioners which show that this prime source of England's manufacturing and commercial greatness is in process of rapid exhaustion, and that within little over a cen- tury all the coal of tho United Kingdom will be consumed. The report of tho Commission has beon severely criticised by scientific men and able writers, who argue that the coal of Great Britain will be exhausted in a much shorter period than that calculated by the Com- missioners of Parliament. The Commission reporta that the probable quantity of coal in the ascertained coal fields of the United Kingdom is 90,207,000,000 tons. This estimate includes everything of the nature of coal that has a seam of more than twelve inches thick and to a depth of four thousand feet. One able writer, in an- alyzing this estimate, shows that tho quantity capable of being extracted at a working depth is not over 61,000,000,000 tons—that is, ata depth above the limit of blood heat. Then it is calculated that 22,000,000,000 can only be extracted at a cost that at present prices would not pay. Thirty-nine thousand millions of tons, then, this English writer says, is all the coal of the existence of which, within the limits of available working means, there is any evi- dence. Some sanguine goologista are specu- lating upon a larger supply from possible un- discovered beds; but there arc no facts to sus- tain such an assumption, The conclusion is, therefore, that 39,000,000,000 of available and 22,000,000,000 tons of,lcss available coal, con- sidermg the amount already extracted, are largely in excess of the probable actual quantity. If the present rate of increase of consumption be continued the last ton of the available 39,000,000,000 tons would be ex- tracted in seventy-three years. In the year 1869 there were taken from the mines 108,000,000 tons. Tho amount in 1871 was estimated at nearly 118,000,000 tons. The in- crease in the year 1869 was equal to that of tho two preceding years. The annual increase, one year after another, is, at least, from three to four per cent, and at this rate tho consump- tion would reach in twenty-five years fully 220,000,000 tons a year. It must be remembered, too, that the best coal is generally mined at first. England, consequently, is not only rapidly exhausting the amount of supply, but must depend more and more upon an inferior quality as time ad- vances. Then the additional cost of mining as greater depths are reached, and the inevit- able increase of wages with the progress of the age and improving condition of the working classes, must in time seriously affect the manufacturing and commercial facilities and greatness of England. It is admitted that the coal fields of the United Kingdom are in area but four per cent of those already known in the world. The wonderful growth and present magnitude of English manufactures mustbe attributed chiefly to the coal fields of the British Isles, and, as a consequence also, England's vast commerce and wealth. Steam power, evolved by the valuable minoral, has given a production that all the labor of the teeming millions of the British Empire could not. As the supply of this material gives out in quantity ond quality, and as the cost of ex- tracting it increases, England’s manu- facturing and commercial supremacy will probably decline, England cannot import coal in such vast quantities as she will need it, and compete with the countries which have it in abundance and from which she must obtain it. Nor will the cheap labor upon which she has depended in a great measure for success continue to be available. The English working classes have reached tho starvation point—the point of lowest wages and endur- ance—and with their political amelioration, which comes with the enlightened progress of the times, the laboring people aspire to a better condition, and will have it. Unless some other motive power than steam evolved by coal, aud some other substance for furnaces and forges can be found, it will not be many years before manufacturing and commercial rivals will distance England in tho race for supremacy. ‘hat nation, then, has tho resources and the fairest prospect of rivalling England in tho future? What country is to inherit the empire of commerce? It requires little sagacity to sce that this is to be the dostiny of tho United States. Taking coal as an important, or tho most important, element of manufacturing and commercial development and greatness, the resources of this country cannot be over- estimated. ‘The area of the coal beds in Great Britain does not exceed a thousand square leagues, and all other known European beds together are less than that. We have at least twenty thousand sqnare leagues of coal measures, and these are so located and dis- tributed as to be in close proximity to our great water courses, to inexhaustible mines of iron and othor ores, and run through most of the central tier of States from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Nor have wo to go down thousands of feet at groat cost—to depths where the temperature is at blood heat and human life endangered—to extract tho coal. It is near the surface, generally, and can be mine ata smallcost, comparatively. Through. out these coal regions, tov, we have a limitless amount almost of the most fruitful soil, where provisions of all kinds can be raised and ob- tained cheaply. Thén our railroads traverse the coal fieldsin every direction. Wehave made and are making great progress in developing this mineral wealth, and in a short time shall exceed the production and consumption of England. In two decades—and twenty years is a brief period in the history of a nation— our forty millions of population will be aug- mented, probably, to nearly eighty millions. Mining will keep pace with other industries, and may, possibly, be accelorated faster with the increase and aggregation of popula- tion. With mining will come an increase of manufactures, both for our own wants and for external commerce. Then, with cheap and abundant coal and provisions, a denser popu- lation and the most.convenient geographical Position for trade both by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, there is every reason to expect a transfer of manufacturing and commercial supremacy from England to the United States. The news of a continued risoin tho price of coal in England, notwithstanding large importations from Belgium, we regard as one of tho first indications of the important change about to take place in the destiny both of that country and this. Coal, moro than anything else, has made England what sho is, and agit is the great lever of modern progress the want of a sufficient supply must check her prosperity and divert the current of commerce, Our Mexican Noighbore—Their Claim for Thirty Millions of Dollars—Inso- lent Action of Loon Guzman. Tho public of tho United States have been mado aware from time to time, by very solemn announcements from Washington, that the farce of a Claims Commission was being enacted on the Rio Grande border. In view of the unwillingness of the authorities to afford proper protection to our frontior citi- zens, by the employment of the military forces of the Republic against murderous savages and thieving rancheros, it was thought neces- sary to allay public discontent by the appear- ance of making an effort to sec 08 On the frontier. The value set on peace policy of Washington by the border marau- ders was clearly enough shown by the out- rages committed almost within sight of tho meeting place of the Claims Commissioners. But such slight and unimportant considera- tions as the murder of a few more Americans could not be expected to ruffle the self- complacency of our peace-at-any-price authorities. 80, while the Mexicans drove off Texan cattle and shot down obstrep- erous owners, the representative of the Spread Eagle bowed politely to the Mexican Commissioner and assured him that such tri- fling indiscretions on the part of his hot-blooded compatriots should not be allowed to intefercr with the sentiment of peace and friendship that had ever existed between the two sister republics. The Mexican naturally agreed that this was a fairand impartial, as well as a broad and philosophic, view of the case, and, improving the opportunity, suggested that, as we were inclined to be generous, the payment of thirty million dollars, more or less, on ac- count of tho robberies already inflicted on us would be a handsome way to wipe out the past. This unfortunate shot in tho Treasury locker touched tho representative of Washington to the quick and brought him up slick. Ho was quite willing to allow Moxicans to indulgo in the oxcit- ing sport of cattle stealing, with an odd mur- der thrown in asa kind of spice; but to touch the money bags at Washington was to profane a place sacred to office-holders, and altogether a different question. ‘The cool request for thirty millions of dollars, claimed on account of Iudian incursions, for which we are ex- pected to pay, was therefore agreed to be re- ferred to an umpire; but for some unexplained reason this course was not immediately taken and the matter was shelved until a Mexican Commissioner was recalled and replaced by a certain haughty hidalgo named Leon Guzman. This person evidently thought we had been let off too cheaply, and declined to allow the um- pire to decide the question, insisting that the little matter should be settled by treaty. This proceeding on the part of Mr. Guzman practi- cally put an end to the Commission, and so the farce ended—for the time. President Grant, on the occasion of the pre- sentation of Sefior Moriscal, the new Mexican Minister, took the opportunity to represent, of course in a mild way, that if the conduct of the fiery Guzman were tolerated the darling | convention would come tonaught. The Presi- dont even ventured to express an opinion that such action on tho part of the Mexican Com- missioners was not calculated to increase our friendly feeling for the sister Republic. As & matter of course the Minister bowed, ut- tered the usual commonplaces and went home to enjoya good laugh at the expense of the American government. These people know no law but the law of force, and do not at all comprehend the high Christian morality that obtains at Washington. The borderers see that thero aro fat kine in Texas to be had for taking, and no great fear of interruption or re- sistance. Such temptation is naturally too strong for a people whose ideas of property are somewhat rude. The central government has neither the power nor the will to stop the freebooting, and our aathorities are too vir- tuous to violate neighboring territory in pur- suit even of murderers and robbers. How long this policy is likely to continue is altogether a question of patience, and we begin to believe that there is more of the saint in the Texan character than we ever gave the inhab- itants of the Lone Star State credit for. But the American public are getting tired of the insolence and violence of our neighbors, and the action of the Guzmans and the Cortinas is rapidly creating a sentiment in this country that even the saintly, peaceable men at Wash- ington will have tohearken to. Phil Sheridan anda few thousand of Uncle Sam's boys would settle all the disturbing border questions bet- ter and quicker than any number of commis- sioners, and to this kind of logic we shall be compelled to appeal at last. Tux Stason at Baiorton.—On another page of to-day’s Hzratp we publish a gossipy letter about Brighton, the famous English watering place, its sights and its attractions, the people who visit there and what they go for. During the Summer season it is the Mecca towards which all good Londoners direct their eyes. With its bathing facilities, its great aquarium and big pier, and with the sessions of the British Scientific Association thrown in by way of variety, the season this year has been bril- liant, successful and exciting, The Mountain Meadows Massacre—A Terrible Revelation. Fifteen years ago a very wealthy train of emigrants left Arkansas for California, there to seek new homes. From all reports it was considered the most comfortably outfitted com- pany of emigrants that ever crossed the Plains. In addition to the usual wagons, freighted with provisions, clothing and the portable valu- ables of their former homes, together with the implements of agriculture and mechanics, there were several carriages for the more con- venient travelling of the ladies, the young and the aged. Altogether, tho appearance of tho train and the excellent con- duct and pleasant associations of the emigrants with one another bespoke the mov- ing of farmers and tradespeople in comfort- able circumstances. They rested every seventh day in their journey, and engaged in religious exercises in their own way, as had been their custom at home. They appeared to be related to each other by families or by marriage, and with the toddling infant playing in the camp at night might be seen the venerable patriarch of three score years and ten, All seemed happy together. Such was the emigrant train that passed through Utah in 1857 and perished on the Mountain Meadows, two hundred and fifty miles south of Salt Lake City. During the past fifteen years this Mountain Meadows massacre has been frequently charged to the Mormons, but with unyielding perti- nacity they have denied the implication, and with the boldness of their assertions they have managed to induce even astute Congressmen to believe that the massacre was the work of the In- dians. But, singularly enough, on the fifteenth anniversary of that foul and treacherous deed, in which one hundred and twenty men, women and children were murdered, there comes to us from the city of the Prophet Brigham the full and frank confession of one of his own bishops that the bloody work was ordered by the Mormon leaders and executed by their militia. Philip Klingon Smith makes oath before the Olerk of tho Circuit Court of the Soventh Judicial district of the State of Novada that the massacre of the large body of Arkansas emigrants on their way to California was perpetrated by the Mormon militia, ‘and by order of the Mormon authorities at ‘‘hoad- quarters."’ We need not recite the horrifying story as related in Smith's affidavit, for that can be seen by our readers. Smith was a bishop in the Mormon Church, and was a member of tho force sent by the Mormon authorities to massacre the Arkansas emi- grants. There seems to be no reason to doubt the statement he makes under oath, and he was certainly in a position to know the facts. We would willingly believe if we could that no people claiming to be civilized could be guilty of such a horror and baso treachery as he describes; but the details are so circum- stantial, and the crime was so much in ac- cordance with the fanaticism and revenge ot the Mormons generally at that period that the statement cannot be doubted. The motives given for this dreadful butchery are many. One is that it was conceived and carried out in revenge for the injuries sustained by the Mormons in Missouri and Illinois; an- other is that it was to revenge the kill- ing of a Mormon some time previously in Arkansas by the husband of a woman whom the Mormon had carried off. Of course there would be no justification either of the crime of the Mormon in taking another man’s wife or for the husband in taking the life of the wife stealer; but that the Mormons wrought their vengeance on a body of innocent emigrants because they happened to be from the same State as the murderer makes a shallow excuse which the most confessedly brutalized wretches in the world could not expect to palm off as the true cause. It was, undoubtedly, the desire of the Mormon leade*s in carrying out the atrocity to strike such a deadly fear into emigrants that the route across the Territory would be looked on asa grave. They wanted no knowledge of the Territory to go abroad, and they wanted no settlements within it, save such as filtered through the Mormon Church. This is nakedly what the order to exterminate the Arkansas emigrants meant, no matter what other pre- tences may have been cunningly circulated to account for it, even among the ignorant Mor- mons, who would do for revenge what they might fear to do in furtherance of such 8 bloody policy. What makes it more horrifying is that after these brave emigrants had fought successfully against their assassins, the Mormon militia, for four days, they were treacherously entrapped by a flag of truce and induced to lay down their arms under a promise of security, and then mercilessly butchered. None but the small children wero spared, and those only, perhaps, because the lecherous and brutal Mormons thought they could appropriate persons of such tender years to their own use. There is nothing in the his- tory of civilized countries more fearfully atro- cious than this massacre, and no act of treachery more dastardly than that by which the emigrants were induced to lay down their arms, It isan awful confession, and ono that will awaken the whole United States to demand that this dark page in our history be illumi- nated by a full investigation and the prompt punishment of the guilty wretches who slew innocent and unoffending men, women and children. It was with this confession before them that a few honorable citizens of Utah asked Congress, during its last session, to 80 provide for the holding of courts that the murders in Utah could be properly investi- gated and the guilty brought to punish- ment. Brigham Young, who knew what was hanging over his head, sent @ deputation of two Mormon Gentiles and their wives, together with his favorite Apostle Cannon, to lobby and corrupt where they could to prevent legislation. And while that was natural enough for Brigham Young to do it was currently reported that his financial agent at the seat of government had perma- nently secured in the judiciary committees of both the Senate and the House all the influence necessary to frustrate every measure that promised the dreaded investigation. With such a record now sworn to by an eye- witness and a participator in the foul deed it will be intercsting to watch the action of the government. Even at this late day it should promptly investigate tho whole matter and bring the guilty wretches to condign punish- ment. A people who could commit such a crime, and community that would tolerate and cover it up, aro unfit to be recognized as civilized. Fortunately, the frightfal ulcer of Mormonism in Utah is.in process of being eradicated, and the sooner it is completely re- moved the better. The Protection of Emigrants. The investigation held by the Commissioners of Emigration into the alleged ill treatment suffered by passengers on board the Charles HL Marshall has resulted in establishing the charges made against the crew. Unfortunately the state of the law places it out of the power of tho officials to visit the guilty partics with the punishment they so richly deserve. It appears monstrous that any body of men should be able with impunity to exercise such brutality and tyranny as tho wretched Polish Jows were made to suffer at the hands of in- human sailors, without being amenable to justice. Had the same assaults been commit- ted on land the perpetrators would quickly have been consigned to the Penitentiary; but on account of the unsettled and unsatisfactory state of international law such outrages can be committed without fear of punishment. The story of the passengers of the Charles H. Marshall will not fail to arouse public attention to the importance of affording greater protection to immigrants to our shores. Sad as the history is asa record of ‘man’s in- humanity to man,”’ it presents a by no means exceptional picture of the suffering and indig- nities inflicted by brutal sailors on those seck- ing refuge in the New World. Flying from misery, wretchedness and oppression in Eu- rope, tho extreme poor, who are compelled to trust to escape to the sailing vessel, aro ex- posed to the brutal violence of the lowest class of seamen, who, for the most part, take refuge in the packet service. With such characters the maintenance of discipline is well nigh im- possible, even when the officers are themselyes of good character—a conditign that does not exist in all Gases. In the opinion of some of our leading merchants the cause of the impossibility of finding o good class of men for this service is due to the destruction of the American shipping in- teresta and tho closing of a professional career to men of intelligence and conduct. Although such pogneg pg have been enacted on board the Charles H. Marshall ars“not unknown on foreign vessels, it is much to be regretted that such outrages are most frequent under the American flag. Tho cause is, no doubt, trace- able to the peculiar circumstances in which our shippers are placed with regard to the se- lection of crews. Men of all nations crowd our ports, and from this motley crowd the crews have to be gathered. But though this circumstance no doubt exercises an important influence on the character of American crows, wo must not hastily conclude that it offers suf- ficient explanation of the tyranny and disre- gard of their rights to which unfortunate Passengers are oxpoded on sailing packots. It would, perhaps, be nearer the truth if we left the blame on the want of stringent laws for the protection of emigrants while on the high seas, The letter of Commissioner Osborn to Mr. Casserly, the Superintendent at Castle Garden, in reference to the complaint of an immigrant of ill-treatment while at sea, accounts for the brutal violence of sailors on shipboard. From this letter we learn that the emigrant who leaves a foreign port under the American flag has absolutely no protection against personal outrage until he touches land. He may be kicked until he is at the’ point of death, or “roped,"’ or hung over the ship’s side head down, with the prospect of a sudden plunge into the waves, for the amusement of a brutal crew; but the law takes no notice of such assaults unless they are made with intent to commit a felony. The ruffians know the laxity of the law and take advantage of it whenever the discipline of the ship is not sufficiently severe to restrain their brutal instincts, With the knowledge of this fact before their minds the authorities ought to be able to adopt such measures as would effectively put an end to the disgraceful treatment emigrants are so often subjected to while at sea. Before the intro- duction of steamers ill-treatment of unfor- tunate passengers was a rule, until the subject attracted tho attention of foreign governments. By the enactment and enforcement of severe laws for the protection of passengers the abuses soon disappeared. It only requires the authorities here to take the same interest in the suppression of brutality on board passenger vessels, and the enactment of such laws as will leave no loophole for escape to the guilty, to render such scenes ag wero enacted on the Charles H. Marshall impossi- ble. Once make it clear to the mind of the raffian that he will be held strictly responsible for his acts, and wo shall be spared the shame of such scenes on American vessels as dis- graced civilization on board the Charles H. Marshall. Rufflans must be taught that Jews, like other men, have rights that the law will onforce. But the same disregard for humanity that was exhibited toward the Jews on this o¢casion will on another inflict suffer- ing and outragé on others who happen to be too weak or too cowardly to resent a wrong. It is, therefore, in the interest of the common good that safeguards should be erected to shield the helpless from the attacks of tho evil-dis- posed. We hope Congress will act on the rec- ommendation of the Emigration Commis- sioners and amend the law so as to give the fallest and most ample protection to emi- grants while on their way to their new home. Humanity and expediency alike demand it. It is not creditable to our law-makers that the band of ruffians concerned in the unprovoked assaults on helpless passengers should be allowed to depart in peace to wreak their savage and causeless hate on new victims, with the confidence that they can do so with im- punity. Surely this is an evil that calls loudly for redress, and we hope it will not call in vain, Laptes tn tHe Councrt, Room iv GENEvA.— The Court of Arbitration for tho settlement of the Alabama claims will assemble in final ses- sion in Geneva to-day. The ignobile vulgus of the people will bo carefully excluded, and the council room graced by the presence of a num- ber of ladies who have been invited to witness, with other personages, the closing scenes of the once serious international difficulty. Tho ladies will, no doubt, hail the triumph of the Goddess of Peace with their very sweetest smiles and unanimously vote old Mars a most disagreeable, disturbing personage. Avorume Deratcation.—This time the amount is $76,000, the man’s name Butler and the place Wall atroet © several days it’ was forcing its way from tho valley of the Missouri River, by detach- ments, in the direction of thereat lakes. On Saturday night last the first manifestation of its approach was given to the inhabitants of Davenport, Iowa, in « terrific gale, in which the wind blew with great violence and reachod the hurricane velocity of seventy-two miles an hour. The Signal Service reporta show that this was merely the skirmish of its vanguard force and that the real body of the gale waa moving from the far West. On the afternoon of the 11th the barometer had fallen in Iowa, and the centre of disturbance was crossing that State on its northeastward path. On Thursday it was reported over Lower Michi- gan, and had began to exercise its indrawing influence on the atmosphere over the entire country east of the Mississippi. Tho easterly and southerly air currents from the Atlantic and Gulf, laden with the Summer evaporation of the ocean, as they came over the Atlantic seaboard, have precipitated large quantities of water, and the whole lake region and the ter- titory of the Northwest have been refreshed and irrigated by this beneficent storm, so that we may hope this Fall will not witness the hor- rors ot last Autumn’s Chicago fire and the Northwestern forest conflagrations. If the West Indian cyclones are behind their usual August dates this year tho late Western gale, generated in the valley of the Missouri and in the vast laboratory of nature, the great Plains, will perhaps serve the function of the Southern storms for the time and bring on the decisive equinggtial change. Alroady the report of a vast body of Sold atmosphere and northerly winds in the far Northwest indicates that the Summer Boutherly currents are Yelng overmatched by the Autumnal winds from the high north. It was long ago contended by Sir Dayid Brewster and other eminent scientists that these grand continental tempests serve tho high purpose of diluting all atmospheric poi- sons and deflagrating the noxious elements which man would otherwise have to breathe. Certainly “we breathe moro freely and vigor- ously after they have swept over us. Wo may hope that, after this storm, the last vostige of the fiery Summer will be removed: ~ The Eric Canal and the Western Trade.’ The importance of the question of increased facilities of communication between the sea- board and the Wost is rapidly forcing itself on the minds of the commercial community. No part of the Commonwealth is-more deeply interested in the solution of the problem of cheap freights than the inhabitants of Néw York city. Owing to the enterprise of her citizens in time past this city became the great outlet for the produce of the West; but rivals are springing up rapidly in many directions, and New York no longer affords the quickest and cheapest route for the shipment of Western produce. The principal danger to our prosperity arises from the rivalry of the St. Lawrence, which allows grain and lumber to be carriod directly, without transshipment, to the sea coast, and even to Europe. Our old-fashioned communi- cation by the Erie Canal is too slow, and our high tariff railways are too dear, to enable us to compete successfully for the carrying trade with the Canadians. As a result we see the immense grain and lumber trades, which at one time were almost wholly in our hands, passing away to strangers. All the while we exhibit an indifference which will bo regretted when it is too late. In the news columns to-day we publish » communication on the subject of converting the Erie Canal into a freight line, Whether that would be a satisfactory solution of the difft- culty is not quite clear. It appears to us rather that such an expedient would not meet all the requirements of the case.. There is one proposition, however, that well deserves the consideration of all who are interested in the welfare of New York. It is the establishment of a railway entirely devoted to carrying freight. The wear and tear ona road spe- cially equipped would be very much loess, and the delays and inconveniences of the present system could be almost wholly avoided. The expense of working such a line would not ap- proximate to that incurred under the mixed freight and passenger system. Without inter- fering with existing means of communication, such a line would afford facilities for the car- rying of produce from the interior without in- curring the cost of transshipment. Travelling at a lower rate of speed, but without any of the shuntings and delays which aro so vexa- tious at present, a great deal of valuable time would be saved. It would also be practicable to carry freight at much lower rates than are charged at present. Indeed, unless the commercial community here make some effort in this direction the whole Western trade will eventually be turned into new and cheaper channels, This isa matter that inti- mately interests all classes of citizens and ought to receive prompt attention. If private enterprise is not equal to undertaking tho establishment of a highway it might with ad- vantage be undertaken by the State and worked, not in the interest of a company, but for the benefit of the whole people. In a very few years it would pay the expense of con- struction and would then becomo a valuable means of revenue tothe government. Belgium and Switzerland have set us the example of taking the control of the commercial highways out of the hands of private associations, and the result has been extremely beneficial to the people. Why should we not try the same ex- periment here? Mextean Border Outrages. Lerdo’s accession tothe Mexican Presidency has not brought the millennium; at least it comes short of that along the Bravo. Our Commissioners went lately from Brownsville up the river boundary to Rio Grande City to take testimony in regard to the allegations of tho theft of cattle from our citizens by Mexican marauders. They found proof in plonty. Besides the testimony of the plundered plan- ters they saw with their own eyes tho commis- sion of the crime and the outrageous insult to our sovereignty as a friendly neighbor. They saw herds of stolen cattle crossing the river, driven by greaser thieves, while largo quanti- ties of the hides from stolen cattle were dis- covered at the Mexican town of Camargo. Murders are common along tha border, and the Mexicans do not pretend to conceal their threats against all who testify before the Com