The New York Herald Newspaper, August 8, 1872, Page 8

LIVINGSTONE ND St ouments of the English Press on Amert- can Pluck and Enterprise. {WE LETTERS OF THE GREAT TRAVELLER, Africa's Central Mystery Wrested from Her and Prociaimed Alond, THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE. The Lake System of Central Africa Connected with the Nile. STANLEY'S STORIES OF LIVINGSTONE. ‘the Chivalrous Enterprise Which Has Been Crowned with Sneeess and Henor.” . [From we London Telegraph, July 25,) ‘We feel no ordinary pride and pleasure in giving io the public this morning, fresh from the lps of Ar. Stanley himself, the narrative of the discovery Dr. Livingstone effected by that gallant and in- Yomitable American. In another part of our im- pression will be found fall and deeply interesting particulars of the meeting of the two white men at Dit; of their first mutual communications, and of the conversations which followed, with incidents of the great explorer’s adventures, traits of his noble pharacter and indications of his researches, The account is one which we are sure will be perused with eager detight, not merely by men of science, out by the whole country. Our special correspond- ent met Mr. Stanley at Marseilles, where he arrived -lhortly after midnight of Tuesday by the China mail steamer, in company with Mr. Oswald (avingstone, the son of the Doctor. Upon the land- ‘Bg and appearance of the now famous “traveller for the HERALD” all idea of sleep was incontinently banished. Our correspondent and Mr. Stanley kept vigil through the ‘small hours,” one relating and the other drinking in a tale of romantic mar- veils and splendid triumphs, of courage and of duty, More thrilling perhaps than any story of strange {ands ever heard before. It is natural and welcome thatthe fascinating account should be prefaced with something about this brave young American, who has forever associated his name with the illus- trious explorer and won for himself an imperish- able applause, far too well merited to be mixed with envy. We could all have wished, no doubt, that our own English expedition bad been the firet to carry succor and encouragement to our great countryman; but Mr. Stanley and his ente‘prising patrons have been be- forehand with us, and there must not mingle one moworthy ford of jealousy in the approbation with which England hails the man who did that which we were so nearly doing. We muat nevertheless abandon, with all the grace that can be mustered, the pleasing fdea that Dr. Livingstone's discoverer comes of English parentage. He is American pur sang, thirty years of age—a broad-chested, middie-statured man, of an open countenance, which shows cei intelligence, with light-colored curly hair, which has become prematurely grizzled by the hardships and exposures of his expedition, and by attacks of African fever repeated no lesa than twenty-three times. The flerce climate of that hidden world from which he returns with so much credit has moreover done worse, we regret to learn, than silver his youthful brow; it has seriously im- beaith; and all will be sorry to hear that can only proceed by easy rtages towards Lon- don. Whenever he arrives among us, this gallant gentleman may be very sure of a reception pro- portioned to his achievement. It is all very well to say that our expedition would have found the Doctor. No doubt it would; but Mr. Stanley ts the man who actually accomplished the task, against all the odds which war, fever, solitude and bar- arous obstacles could bring. He who, with true transatlantic energy, thus forced a way through the African wilderness, and, in the name of clvili- zation, took teal, gonad once again by the hand, will shortly be in London; and we can promise him that we shali either forget he is not one of our pation, or else remember it only to honor him the more, for the sake of the new bond which his suc- peas creates between England and America. We will leave the public to gather for themselves all the absorbing detatie which our special corre- spondent transmits tous from Mr. Stanley's mouth. ey Will perceive that the two white men met at wut just as hag been stated, on the 10th of last fovember, and they will admire the Ee feeling of the Arabs, who, with a multitude of questions to ask on their own part, withdrew after awhile and allowed the “Nazrani” to retire and be alone. ‘What were the first things sald in that memorable interview? We asked this question some ..ine ago, when It was impossible to reply; now we know more about it. Livingstone did not fall impatiently upon his private lettera; three years’ silence and loneliness in Africa Make a man wonderfully calm end self-contained. He asked for the news of the world, and itke @ school teacher who rolls the globe round and descants upon conti- nents and empires, Mr. Stanley “reeled him off” the Pacific iroad—the election of President Grant, the Spanish Revolution, the Franco-German war, the capture of Napoleon, and a variety of “ancient events,” which make us feel how long Livingstone has been hidden away from us, since these were ‘‘latest intelligence” for him. And then he asked after “Sir Rove- rick’—he was sure to do that!—but Stanley did not know that the old man, who would have felt such supreme, inexprossible Paid in this news of ours jay, Was gone to is rest. Murchison died on the 22d October, 1871, nineteen days before the American arrived at Uhh. It was @ sorrow spared to Livingstone, of whom Stanley speaks in terms of enthu- silastic praise; 60 goed, so constant, 60 Christian and so fearless did he appear in all the various scenes Of peril and diMculty which the Englishman and his visitor shared during their four months of fellowship. This warm tribute paid to the lone! man will tend to increase the emotion with whic! the circumstantial charges of bs, against Dr. Kirk cannot fail to be received, The accusation is, however, s0 serious that it is the duty of all to sus- pend judginent till our Resident at Zanzibar has had the opportunity to meet these allegations. In © present hour of satisfaction and of great tasks 'y fulfilled this is @ topic on which we do not ¥ =i to linger; but it has become @ public matter, which must be strictly investigated. To have done Jess than was posetble for Livingstone would seem Dlamable even in the case of a private man; in that of an English oficial—to whom everything was eutrusted—it wonld be an unpardonable der- eliction, Meantime the anecdotes of the great traveller, which enrich our narra- tive will be read with intense satisfaction. ‘They explain his success; they show him of the stand, kind nature of Gook—humane, unselfis! merciful as he is conrageous. 0 shedder ot blood" —% man whore life and character among those dark tilbes must have been in themselves @ Gospel. Nor can we read, without secret sympathy of that spontaneous feeling which the blacks ex- pressed, that Allah had him in keeping. Thrice in | one day his | Was menaced, and thrice it was spared. Was this accident? The simple negroes Wook the other view, when they said, “Never mind, Bana; keep up your } you will pass through this; vou will eee your home and friends."? God, he will! ond he will bring us final tidings of | Ahis amazing new river—the Lualaba, Luapula or Chambezi—whioh appears to add twelve hundred | miles to the course of Father Nile, and revolution- izes the geography of Central Africa. Let us now briefy upon the scientific part of our present information. In a most important | paragraph we are assured by Mr. Stanley that Liv. | ingstone is confides of the value of his discovery, und remains of firm opinion that the grand line of drainage to the Nile is by this new river. The Nile | is a lacustrine stream, whose true fountains are on the water shed ef the Chambezi. The Victoria Ny- anza thus becomes an enormous tarn, feeding the river of Egypt from the right; the Albert Nyaw rchanee, supplies a central and sepa- while the Chambezi is the main chan- left. must Jections raised to euch a view D, chilsea on the seore of the elevation ef these lakes are entirely untenable, as has been well shown by Dr, Beke, “Hie jorcshi evidently misled by old erroneous measurements nd by the completely mistaken porition aseigned to the Mountains of the Moon upon the generality of maps. Nothiug, of course, canbe finally attirmed until Livingstone has explored the 150 injles intervening between nis farthest point anc the visited latitudes of the Upper Nile; but when it is borne in mind that this same Chambezi rané—ae was long ago made known—in @ highland region from six thousand to three thou. sand feet above the itis plain that it may | either flow for itseli towards Unyoro and Gondokoro, or enver Egypt ly! way of the Albert Nyanza, Ip eitner cage the Nile sources discovered by Speke, Grant and Baker must take a subordinate position: and we must regard the ancient river of the Pharaohs with new admiration as flowing uninterruptedly from @ point twelve de- AMG AQMD Bap SQUARE Al, | repri ‘ : dank forests of and ies Aor eerie tee not tear the fiscineting “protien, Seantey “parted, company with him pr it March, leaving the Doctor, if lau tone at eae remntorced and full of 1 ment, in the conned- tion re-established “with. the civilized world, and in secure realization of his achieve- the ments thus far, Ifthe Lualaba or Chambozi be indeed the Nile, Baker Pacha is as likely a8 not to be in com: with the Doctor before Christmas comes. At all events, we possess now the fruits of his three years’ seclusion and toll; and, though an found tone, {t is Livingstone e true Nile. 7 opty, re- lant rival in geo; ical g) he deserves, and to pray that the merciful Providence which guarded the great ex- lorer’s life from the spears of the savage and the Tang tree, may rest try, with the last véstige tery wrested from her, and prociaimed aloud the benefit of science, commerce and all humanity. {From the London Telegraph, July 27.) It is again ohr privilege to be able to give this morning the frst of the two autograph letters sent by Dr. Livingstone to the New YorxK HERALD. There is a second of great length, devoted to the subjects of the slave trade in Africa and of the geographi- cal, or rather hydrographical, discoveries which Livingstone has made during his long absence. The contents of this we will not now anticipate, because we shall have the great pleasure of pub- ishing the writer's own most important words; and sufficient for learned societies, geological, geo- graphical, anthropological, ethnological and others will be the discussion thereon, Nearer and more Precious to us, however, than the sources of the Nile are the manly, simple words of this first epistie, in which the stout-hearted pioneer of civilization thanks Mr. Bennett for sending him aid from the other side of the world. ‘If 1 explain,” he writes, ‘the forlorn condition in which Mr. Stan- ley found me, you will easily perceive that I have good reason to use very strong expressions of gratt- tude.” And, indeed, when one considers the mat- ter, it is an extraordinary thing which Mr. Stanley has achieved so quietly. While geographical societies were groping and pottering about sending up caravans from the Zanzibar coast in charge of incompetent pioneers, and otherwise loitering, or cutting time and money to waste, Mr. Bennett, struck by @ sudden princely idea, telegraphed from Paris to Madrid for Mr, Stanley, The leuten- ant found his chief in bed, and, in an interview of five minutes, all was settled. “Have you any idea where Livingstone is?” “No.” “Well, I think he is living, and to be found. Will you try and find him?” “Yes.” “Good. You can have unlimited credit, Use your own means; carry out your own plans. Good night.” So, as we yesterday related, originated the HERALD search expedition. It isa good specimen of the modern journalistic spirit, and Mr. Stanley, fndeed, has proved himself one of that class of whom Machtfavelli tells us, they “understand a thing of themselves and do it forthwith.” How long Livingstone might have waited at Ujiji be- fore help reached him from Europe it is as well not to speculate. The probability, judging trom what we now know, is that he would have died before Ch second source of help could have reached him, Happily we have, upon which to rest, the one great simple fact that Living- stone has been found at last. “It is—to uso his own words—‘‘quite a wonderful event.’ The Arabs of Ujiji held it ‘a sheer miracle” that a traveller should have pushed his way from Unyanyembe SSrongh the oot, midst of hostile tribes engaged in deadly and bitter war. Ifnot a miracle we may well call it admirable; and surely enterprise and gentus such as.it has fallen to our lot to chronicle have about them the elevation which all true hearts delight to acknowledge and honor. But, eager as we are to hear all that Living- stone will have to tell us of the great water- sheds of the Nile, of Africa's vast inland seas of her deep, wide rivers, of her cataracts ani lagoons, of her valleys and iountains, we yet are called back in a moment from the wild fairy- land of fancy thus opened to us, by a sad, thoughtful sentence, full of deep meaning, which stands at the end of the Doctor's letter to Mr. Bennett. “If, he writes, “my disclosures regard- ing the terrible Ujijian slaving should lead to the suppression of the east coast slave trade, I shall re- gard that asa greater matter by far than the dis- covery of all the Nile sources together.” It is a gular colncidence that, while our issue of to day contains these memorable words, we should yester- day have chronicled the proceedings of a large meeting held at the Mansion House for the express purpose of denouncing this accursed traffic. The Gistent date, we wit! not enter into any conti verey as to his discoveries, We have at proseul {nsuMeient information, and @ visitor wisi: the best intentions might inaccurately represent them. We may well bo content to learn that Livingstone is alive, and thet the general views which he announced some years aluce concerning the objects of his voyage have been confirmed to the point of demanstration, His latest journeys, if ever they be related at length by himself, will form one of the most absorbing and in- structive narratives ever given to the world. This is the age ofadventnrous travelling, aud courageous Englishmen are found to explore every obscure Place of the globe, and to tell us all they can dis- cover ofit. But often their defects of capacity are such that the world only learns how munch endur- ance and courage a human being can display. They are often without the habit of observation, and bring tocur minds the old tale of “Fyes and No Eyes.” Still oftener they are destitute of that scientific training which is indispensable for the Production of a really useful work on travel. They go because an adventurous impulse urges them on; they shoot and fish, walk for hundreds of mules with the prowess of finished athletes, ant come back bringing the skins of beasts and birds and a diary which records the names of their ser- vants, the number of their horses or pale, and some interesting information conceraing the three meals they partook of daily. Dr. Livingstone is a man of the same Phystoal energy but of very ditier- ent attainments, strength and pov ors of en- durance he vies with any traveller this country haa ever sent torth, He has courage of a quality thas few men have ever possessed, It animates him, not for a month or @ year, when the hoje of spoecy success if present, Dut for periods which form & large portion of a man’s life, amid disconiagumens which would crash any ordiaary iwpes, amid the desertion of followers, amid intrigues aud treachery, in solitude and sickness. Livingstone’s whole life has been an ex; tion, and his idea of an achievement is not the devotion of six or twelve months to some narrow task, but the surrender of home, ease, security, year after year, until some- thing has been acconiplished which no inan but himself would think within the limits of humen strength, The expedition on which he is now engaged is a remarkable instance of the man’s uncontrollable energy and his devotion to the objects of his life, In the eyes of the world he has no need of further honors, Seventeen years ago he received the higheet compliment which the learned world cowid afford for his remarkable explorations in Southern Afrioa, He had travelled from the Cape of Good Hope through the centre of the country, and thence to the Western Coast, which he reached in ten degrees of southern latitude. He had then crossed the Continent to the Indian Ocean, at the mouth of the Zambesi, Such an achievement gave him a world-wide reputation, and when he returned to England in 1806 he was one of the “‘lions” of the day, Sir Roderick murchison, who ever-aiterward put such firm faith in his ultimate restoration, then paid him the due tribute of admiration. Murohi- son's strong interest in i apical research Made him an enthusiastic friend of Livingstone, in whom he saw a man of singular gifts and a zeal which would only expire with life. Dr. Livingstone might have rested ym his labors and passed his days in the enjoyment of a well-earned reputa- tion, but two years afterward he was again tn Africa, whither he had been sent by government ‘at the solicitation of eminent | latte? interested in geographical research and in the civilization of & benighted region. For six years Livingstone again battled with fatigue and illness, and with savage man, more formidable than elther, and he did net return to suman till 1864. Another grand recep- tion awaited him, but his work was not done, and in & few months he was on his way to Africa again, Since the spring of 1865 he has not been seen in England. He has only been heard ot at the rarest intervals, sometimes swoney the medium of per- sons on whose word little reliance could be placed, and thus a silent conviction took its place in the minds of thousands that he was no more. Tho last certain information concerning him was received nearly three years ago. Some eighteen months since further news came, but was not universaliy credited, From its correspondence with the ac- counts brought by Mr. Stanley it would appear to have been authentic. ‘The last journey of Dr. Liv! tone was to dis. cover the true source of the Nile, which he placed much further south than the region explored by Speke and Grant. The Victoria Nyanza and the bert Nyanza, vast sheets of water at a great ele- vation above the sea, lie under the oqua- tor, but Dr. Livingtone contended, and he now appears to have established, that the true head waters of the Nile are to be found as far south as ten or twelve degrees of south lati- tude. In July, 1868, he wrote a letter to Lord Clarendon, dated Lake Bangweolo. It was read at the Geographical Society, and is to be found in the Times of the 10th of November, 1800. Dr. Living. stone stated in this communication that he had been confirmed in his original notions. “From what Ihave seen,” he says, “together witn what I have learned from intelligent natives, I think Imay safely assert that the chief sources of the Nile arise between ten degrees and twelve degrees south lati- slave trade from the western coast is, we all know, practically dead. But on the eastern coast, Lape out the whole extent of the Zanguebar line, t infamous kidnapper comes and goes without let or hindrance. Mr. Russell Gurney 1s not given to those exaggerated statements in which philan- thropists are at times a little too prone to indulge. He assures us that from Kilwa, towards the south of the Zanguebar zone, there are annually exported some twenty thousand slaves, and that not one in dive of those who are captured in the interior ever reaches the coast. Africa, then, is being drained of her Fe ted at the rate of some hundred thousand a year. All the old features of the Western coast traffic, all its familiar horrors and atrocities live on this side again. The slaver makes his way inland with a cargo of beads, cutlery and calico, He buys human cattle of some chief, who has either been successful in a slaving war, or else is willing to barter a few hundreds of his proper subjects. Chaining them together, the dealer in pi and blood marches them down to the coast, They travel without protection or shelter, and often even without food. The scanty remnant which reaches Kilwa after that cruel tramp of 500 miles is cleared through the Custom House and shipped for Zanzibar, to toll in the thick clove plantations of the district or to work in the date Pores and among the vine- yards of the Maskat coast. “What we want to show,’’ Mr. Russell Gurney urges, “is that a better use may be made of these unfortunate people than selling them for two yards of common cotton for an adult and a corresponding quantity fora child. Is {it not more than strange that even at the very moment when the learned Recorder was urging Cade his listeners to join him in de- nouncing this abominable trafic Livingstone’s words were winging thelr way to us across the sea’ Our least duty is that the battle which we fought and won in old days should be waged again, and that at any cost this new head of the hydra should be lopped and seared. Were it not for the accursed traMc in human flesh and blood, those rich table lands of inner Africa would be mr opes to an English colonist as are the prairies of Western America, As it is the native tribes are engaged in perpetual war—at times with one another, at times with kidnapping cara- vans. The South African explorer is at any moment Hable to the fate which befel Bishop Patteson. He carries his life in his hand. Day by day he has to pass through the territory of tribes whose chiefs cannot believe that he cherishes any other object than to drag their young men and women into cap- tivity. Nor is this all, Not only are the inland districts hostile and sullen, but the coast lands are absolutely depopulated, Near Kilwa itself whole districts le desolate. In 1851 Living- stone found in the Nyassa district a happy and con- tented people—mills grinding corn, weavers weav- ing cotton, children rpg in the village Streets. Ten years later this little Eden had been smitten with the edge of the sword; its inhabitants had been swept into foreign and distant lands; their once smi a village homes were given over to desolation, and amid the ruins the lion and hyena prowled. Well may Englishmen ask if this eat sin is amy longer to curse the earth. Nor is England alone that is interested in the new cru- sade. The Viceroy of Eeypt is resolved that the slave trade of the Upper Nile shall be stamped out, and Baker Pacha has gone with orders to suppress it with a stern and high hand. It is said that Zanzibar is that Tarshish from which the vessels of Hiram and Solomon, coasting down the Red Sea, brought back ivory and apes. Be this so or not, it is certain that face ee coast commerce could be opened with inner Africa could we but once persuade the na- tives that the slave trade is to be stopped at once and for all. id and jewels, ivory and hides, spices and wi ) drugs and precious rosins would be brought down by caravan to Zanzibar and be shipped to England through the Suez Canal or find @ Way by the new Nile and the great lakes, English settiers might people hee hg embe and Eng- lish steam vessels ply on the Nyanza. Such is what might be were England to resolve once ain to do her duty. As it ia rapine reigns inland, destruction ravag the coast, misery lives on the long road from the inland dis- tricts to the shore, From the sea line the abori- wines have retreated, Inland they are embroiled, tribe — tribe, in savage wars of capture and sal. Along the trade path are heard the groan of the dying slave and the smart crack of the slaver's whip, The day seems to hi arrived when the African mystery is to be solved and the great continent must yield up its deepest secrets id when we feel the mighty power or Livii stone's words at this moment we wonder no more on dis ld snd paceores, at what seems A hour, Heaven had need of hi and that which has been was to bene nee ls [From the London Times, July 27.) To the enterprise of an American newspaper we are indebted for trustworthy information that Dr. Livingstone still lives and prosecutes his unexam- pled researches. A letter addressed to the New York HERALD by the great traveller has been for- warded to us for publication in England, It ts dated November, 1871, but Mr. Stanley states that he remained with Livingstone till March, 1872, and thus the news reaches to within five months of the Present time, As it is probable that the illustrious explorer, on whose fate the loarned world has JQP MR PRAOUD MDE, TU A ODE WEA Ba | tude, or nearly in the position assigned to them by Ptolemy. * * The oe of the Nile rise some four hundred miles south of the most southerly por- tion of the Victoria Nyanza, and, indeed, south of all the lakes except Bai eolo.'’ The solution ot this important geographical problem is the great achievement of Dr. Livingstone’s last phn The discussion of the details we may leave for the pres- ent as imperfectly understood until the dis- coverer himself gives the due information concern- ing them, but we cannot conclude without express- ing the admiration which every Englishman must feel at the enterprise and courage dis- layed by the American gentleman who has Fraved the illustrious traveiler. The perils of the climate, the danger to life from the mur- derous propensities of the natives might discourage uny man who had not the spirit of a missionary or @ savant. ‘That Livingstone, who unites both characters, should penetrate to the western shores of Lake Tanganyika is conceivable; but that a Fane | American should follow him in the way of usiness, find him and come back safely with the news is a feat which should not go without its due meed of praise, {From the London Daily News, July 26.) The announcement of the arrival in England of Mr. Oswell Livingstone and two of his companions In travel will be received with general satisfaction. The chief arrival is, however, postponed. A hearty welcome will await the enterprising correspond- ent or the New York HERALD with the despatches from Dr. Livingstone himself. We hardly know which most to congratu- late—Mr. James Gordon Bennett, who planned the search for the lost African traveller, or Mr. successfully carried it out. Even in these days of newspaper enterprise, when one of our corre- spondents is the first to make his way into be- leaguered Metz, and another rides as the first messenger from the outer world into surrendered Paris, the story Mr. Stanley has to tell ts alto- gether unprecedented and unique. Dr. Living- stone has been lost for years in the mysterious centre of the African Continent; Mr. Stanley has plunged into the gloom, has seen him, and has brought not only information about him, but letters and despatches from him to the outer world. He is like @ man returning with the story of another universe. The interest felt about Dr. Livingstone is that which belongs to an enterprise carried on amid danger and mystery and darkness, For years past he has been lost to the public view behind an impenetrable veil, and the public has been vaguely conscious that he was at work, exploring a country which hides # secret civilized men have always wished to know, and solving a problem over which the Pharaohs puzzled and which the Ptolemies attempted in vain. Mr, Stanley has pierced the vell and brought news of the intrepid explorer. The summary of this news, brought by the telegraph some time since, has roused the public interest and curiosity to the highest pitch, and the narrative published by a contemporary yesterday, which gives the sub- stance of some oral communications made by Mr, Stanley to its correspondent, suffices to whet | the appetite which it does not satisfy, It is clear from the narrative that Dr. Livingstone has not communicated to the Geographical Society the account of his discoveries. The despatches which are in the hands of the President of that s0- ciety are most likely only private letters or eer business communications, and will probably be | found to embody chiefly the complaints which Dr. Livingstone, excusably, perhaps, makes against those who falled for three years to communicate with him, Inthe depression and discouragement of those three years he may probably have written in @ tone of dissatisfaction, and it is well to know that even before the letters had left the const suc- cor had come to him, all discouragement had Reseed away, and he had once more gone to wrest he long-hidden secret of the Nile from the equa- torial wastes. The public already know’ how Mr, Stanley first met the great traveller. The narrative now pub- lished carries us @ little further on. The two men met in public with hardly an emotion of recogni- tion, and thus Kept up, before the impassiye st the diguity of human nature. Dut courtesy - grained in all Eastern people, and these Arabs soon withdrew, leaving the two Europeans alone, When they were alone Mr. Stanley at once handed him the packet of letters, and told him that when he had read the news from home he should have news of the great world. Dr. Livingstone’s reply was & very remarkable illustration of hia ohar- acter, ‘No, no," said he, “I have been waiting for three years for letters from home, and I can afford to wait a few hours longer; give mo news of the world.” “So I reported to him," mare Mr. Stanley, “all that I could think of, the striking events of the Franco-German war, the capture of Napoleon, the flight of the Empresa an declaration of the sevens the fall of Queen lea- bella of Spain; the election of General Grant in Amerioa; the Thou the Pacific Kaliroad, and TWbUs YG: ola A WACHMKAS Wh Fe be AMteccatiog yey ‘who had Itved so long at such movements of civilization.” it was Dr. Livingstone’s turn; but the Borp ot ’ adventures was’ only got out little by little, in the weeks of their after com- panionship. scene of this first inter- viow Sapoae irresistibly to the imagina- tion, ‘he worn and weary traveller, whose long years of exile had at length been brightened by a sudden glimpse of that vast outer world from which he had been so utterly shut out; the eager expiorer who had at last found the man of whom all the world was anxious to hear— we must go back to the period when (act and legend meet and mingie ip the dawn of history for any parallel scene. Mr. Stanley stayed four months with Dr. Livingstone, aud shared his travels and his risks, The account he gives of the intrepidity and forbearance of the great traveller is a key to the fact that, in a condition of society which may be regarded as provini nature is a state of war, he has so long been aafe. We shail so soon have Mr, Stanley's detailed narrative, and probably also ir. Livingstono’s journal, that Scrat reported from an ercniag'e chat have but partial interest, The ‘eat fact is that Livingstone has been found, pet Journal is actually in Europe, that letters from him have been delivered in London, and that in @ es days his intrepid discoverer will be in our m! jt. The glimpse now given of Dr. Livingstone’s dir weries yoods sf Supplcmen ita vy savcher nowiedge, Mr. Stanley telis us that Dr. Living- stone fs of opinion that the whole or nearly the whole lake system of Central Africa is counecte4 with the Nijo. This opinion may at least serve to check the hasty conclusions of speculative geog- raphers, who, in the safe seclusion of their libra- ries, determine the line of distant watersheds and settle the flow of rivers by @ sarcasm or & syllogism, It is, however, not vet proved that an actual connection exists between the great lakes discovered by Sir Samucl Baker and the vast lake and river system discovered by Dr. Living- stone. Itis clear that the vast equatorial lak out of which the Nile sets forth in sufficient v umes to brave 2,000 miles of desert journey and the evaporation of the driest atmosphere the world, must be amply fed by great rivers and streams, Dr. Livingstone’s discovery that th level of the Lake Tanganyika is higher Z the Albert and Victoria Nyanva renders his sup- position that they are links in @ great river chain more than probable. The actual connection is, however, not proved, and the indomitable explorer has get out to prove it. It 18 satisfactory to know that he has set forth with new confidence and reinvigorated strength. His threéyears of discouragement are over. Civili- zation ha’ stretched a hand to him, and he knows that the eyes of two continents are upon him, ‘The conildence which was taught to & superstitious native his three escapes in one day that Dr. Diving stone would yet live to see home and friends be 3 in will be felt even by a skeptical public opinion. It is true that we have not yet had Dr. Livingstone’s own words, and that we have brag to hear direct from Mr, Stanley himself; but the very fact that, after being 0 long lost and so often reported dead, Dr. Livingstone has given evidence of his con- tinued health and hope, will increase the confidence of the public that he will yet appear among us with the long sought secret of the rise of the great river of primeval civilization in his hand. {From the London Post, July 27.) In this unromantic age the old apothegm holds good that extremes meet, and accordingly we find in an age of facts and figures, stories and sur- roundings of as true chivairy as ever adorned the pages of Froissart. Livingstone is a real knight errant, though his lady-love be fair Science— and Mr. Stanley is as bold and venturesome a chevalier as ever rode to the rescue in a hard- fought combat. It is impossibie to read Living- stone's letter to Mr. James Gordon Bennett without feelings of admiration for the enterprise which could prompt the owner of a great New York paper to- send off a correspondent in quest of an Englishman lost in Central Africa. The expedition was very serious, It involved a huge expenditure, with the certainty of no cor- responding profit; for the sale of the HERALD will only be augmented on the days of the publication of Livingstone’s letters by a few dollars not worth reckoning. It involved a terrible risk of life, for it is a wonder that Mr. Stanley has survived his twenty-one attacks of fever and the thousand other perils of his journey, to return—a man so changed that his friends cannot recognize him—to tell the story of his expedition. The whole tale is so mar- vellous that there were not wanting critic who on its first announcement accused the American ex- plorer of drawing upon his imagination for his facts, His veracity, which should never have been pnt in question, is. now amply con- firmed by Livingstone’s own despatches, one of which, published in the New York HERALD of yesterday, we are enabled, by the courtesy of the representative of that journalin London, to reproduce. No one can peruse it without experi- encing the “thrill which Livingstone so admira- bly desoribes. Here was an acventurer lost. His existence was as problematical as that of the tri Nile source iteelf. He had suffered years of iline: and cruel disappointment, and found himself desti- tute of resources in the centre of Central Africa— “g ruckle of bones,” and every bone full of pain— the prospect of beggary staring him in the face, Still his great heart did not despair, and he won- dered, almost aay ee, whether priest, Levite or Samaritan would ever pass his way. One day a rumor of succor reached him, and one of his people at last rushed in gasping, “An English- man; I see him commgi"—and the English- man arrived, Livingstone saw him approach, his caravan bearing the American flag. He was an American, but “blood ts thicker than water;” and among the black savages the two men who met were truly of one race—of the same aspect, speak- De the same language and moved by the same lofty traditions and noble aspirations. The first time the American flag ever appeared in those un- known regions it was on a mission of humanity which deserved the welcome it met with—“Let the richest blessings descend from the Highest on you and yours.” Mr. Stanley brought life and health to our countryman, and his grand exploit will be re- corded for the exainple and admiration of genera- tions who will have long forgotten the pettifogging stories of the Geneva arbitration. Of Livingstone’s discoveries, of which we have received as yet but the merest outlines, we shall hearmore when all the documents brought home are given to the world. We can wait for the details of “the four tountains which arise from an earthen mound," and for the full contirmation of Hero- dotus, The event of the day is personal; and if we desire to do honor to Livingstone, to advance the C ity and to give expres Stanley, the energetic correspondent who has ao | (@us¢ of humanity an’ at Pression to the high feelings aroused by his wonderful career and his noble rescue, we cannot do better than to listen to his words and to carry out his wishes:—“If,”" says he, “my disclosures regarding the terrible titan slavery should lead to the suppression of the East Coast slave trade, I shall regard that as a reater matter by far than the discovery of all the Nile sources together; and his appeal to the great nation which has rescued him, and tothe nation which sent him out, 13 to use their vast and con- joint influence for the benefif of suffering mankind. Mr. Stanley conveyed to the Great Traveller “kind and é@ncouraging’ despatches from Lord Clarendon, whose loss he deplored, and who would have been among the first to listen to his fervent appeal. He brought him also the assurance of aid and relief of every, description; but for the time Livingstone describes himself as dependent upon the money resources placed at his disposition b; Mr. Gordon Bennett and Mr. Stanley. There wii be no lack of disposition in this country to ac- knowledge the debt, which it 1s indeed a pleasure to owe—a debt which can only be repaid in kind by as sincere good feeling and as warm and brotherly ‘a disposition as that which prompted the chivalrous enterprise which has been crowned with success andhonor, {From the London Advertiser, July 27.) Ia another column we publish the first letter from | Dr. Livingstone which has been received in Engiand, By the energy of the proprietor of the New York Heratp the great English traveller has been found and succored at a moment when he seemed to be upon his “last legs.” In his own words, when Stanley arrived at Ujiji he thought “he was dying upon his feet.” After marching and counter-marching in South and Contral Africa, de- serted by his followers, and cheated by those who should have assisted him, he was well-nigh ready to give way to despair. The arrival of help has, however, given him fresh heart and determination | tocontinue his work, and we may expect that in the course ot a very few more months the question which has engaged the attention of geographers and travellers from the time of Herodotus will be satisfactorily solved, and that the true source and course of the Nile will be de- clared, At prosent there appears but little doubt that Dr. Livingatone is on the right track, follow- ing the course of the Chambezi from the Cazembe country he has traced the river, under the names of the Luapula andthe Lualaba, to within 100 miles of where Speke gave up his search. He now 8 from Ujiji to complete his explorations, and e succeeds in passing throngA tié Gimcthiues ind ngers which still environ him im forcing his way Ma territory con the banks of the great ptian river for 100 miles, and comes out in safety, the probiem will have been solved forever. It appears that, with very fow exceptions, the old Portuguese idea of the course of the river was not very wrong. It is true that they imagined the Nile | found its sources in the great Zambesi River, but this being disproved and the head of the Egyptian stream boing fixed in the Chambesi, but little aiteration in the old maps, upon which our fore- fathers used to speculate, will he necessary. New lakes will of course be inserted in the charts, fresh watersheds will be depicted; but the great facts that the Nile runs from about li degrees south Iatl- tude; that it is supplied from innumerable foun- taina, and that the four great heads of water men- tioned by the Secretary of Minerva, in the city of Gilde 1 GpPP!y the mysterious stream, that a state of | HERALD, THURSDAY, AUGUS! 8, 1872—WITH SUPPLEMENT. will though now certified by the pare te ps tn f {from the London Standard, July 26.) All doubts concerning the dona fides of Mr. Stanley's narratives ofgis adventures in Africa will pow be laid at rest by the arrival of Dr. Livingstone’s letters. We shall, apparently, have to wait a little for the publication of the geo- graphical despatches, as the report of an intended Meeting of the Geographical Society on Monday for the purpose of hearing them read 1s unfounded. But it 1s satisfactory to feel that even the very faint suspicions cast on the authenticity of Mr. Stanley’s story are dissipated, and that we may absolutely rely upon the information which that gallant and triumphant traveller has brought home. As we were prompt, on the first pub- lication of his discoveries, to declare he ought to receive some public recognition of the services he has rendered this country in success- fully carrying out a work which the British gov- ernment ought to have te" ‘ute shoulders, but from wh'e* tion, seeing ay -«us han the promotion of sel -- paivation of a courageous country- ma. whose fate every man of education in this country was interested, economical shrank. It is quite evident that Mr. Stanley did more than find out, for the satisfaction of the world at large, that Dr. Livingstone was alive. The Doctor him- self seems to have taken a very different view of the mission, and in piling. to express his thanks to the proprietor of the New York HERALD, to whose bold conception ‘and Mberality the expedl- tion of Mr. Stanley was due, he speaks of him as “sending help to a man who was utterly broken down and destitute.” Mr. Stanley, moreover, says that when he first encountered the missing travel- ler he (Dr. Livingstone) was worn out by diarrhoea, broken down and bafied—these were his own words—by worry, Lg Jogees lg aud longing. He sald to Mr. Stanley, “You have brought new life to me ;” and it is easy to understaud how, under the circumstances, such a declaration might be more than a mere figure of speech, After staying with him four months Mr. Stanley left him in good health and spirits and amply furnished with various Ee of which previously he had been in urgent need. The geographicai theories of Dr. Livingstone, which, in their epitomized form, have been su ected to some sharp criticism, will be better understood, no doubt, when his own despatches are read, an Meanwhile we fancy that to most Englishmen the improbability that Dr. Livingstone would have overlooked some apparentiy obvious considerations put forward to reiute Ins Nile. theory will be good reason for believing that counter explanations of these difficulties are held in reserve. As for the level of Lake Tanganyika, that is now distinctly asserted to be 3,000 feet above the level of the sca, a height considerably greater than that of the sur- face of the waters ofthe Albert Nyanza. Even, the re, if Dr. Livingstone’s conjecture, that the two lakes are united should turn out to be well- founded, the waters of bead gag a may accomplish thelr destiny without running up hill, {From the London Globe, July 27.) At length a voice from the equatorial centres of Africa has reached us, and there is no mistaking that the accents are those of Livingstone. This time it is no Zanzibar despatch, in which the writer occupies the first position, the London Geo- graphical Society the next and the great traveller the third, ‘The enterprising and courageous young journalist, in whose achievement we believed when it was the opinion of the Burlington House Society that Livingstone had come to his assistance and not he to Livingstone’s, nas at .ength brought news so authentic that there can be no sceptic, The letter from the great explorer, printed in the papers to-day, will be welcomed not only by his own countrymen, but by all who desire the advancement of science, or whose admira- tion is secured by the spectacle of courage successfully exerted against overwhelming diMicul- ties. Science and manhood have, indeed, been both nobly vindicated by the result of Livingstone’s explorations, The great secret of ages—the mys- terious source and origin of the Nile River—las been penetrated, and the energy and patience and bravery exhibited during the perilous search for what to many others has before presented itself, but only to prove a geographical mirage, have been 80 great as almost to elevate our race in the estt- mation of us al. We need not say that Mr. Stan- ley, Who brings the welcome news, will himself be welcomed as he deserves. The generous courtesy of Mr. Gordon Bennett, too—a courtesy oddly claimed this morning by one of our contemporaries, as if directed only to itself—in at once giving us the ppporeantty of learning the good tidings at the earliest possible moment, will not be forgotten mien the time comes for distributing our grati- ude. T Departure of Two More Vessels for the South Shetland Islands—One Steamer d Tem More Vessels Preparing to Sail. Yesterday was a great day of jubilation in the quaint town of New London. Two vessels took their departure for the South Shetland Isles, situ- ated ten days’ sail irom Cape Horn. Last year, it may be remembered, a fleet of four whaling ves- sels left New London for these islands, and after an absence of nine months returned, each vessel having gained in that time about sixty thou" sand dollars’ worth of seal skins. This year ® fleet of about fifteen vessels are going out fo these islands from New London, New Bedford and Stonington, each vessel expecting to make a for- tune. Yesterday the schooners Florence, of ninety tons, Captain Attons, with eighteen men all told, and the Franklin, of 120 tons, Captain Bindington (a nephew of the sailing master of the steamship Polaris, engaged in tne United States Polar expedi- tion under Captain Hall), with seventeen men all told, sailed for the Shetland Isles. Two ves- sels have already sailed, and the present departures make four which have left out of a fleet of fifteen. As the vessels were towed out to sea there was great enthusiasm on board, and on each there was music and dancing. The satlors reccive ‘One sealskin in 160 captured, while the shares of the officers are ee Ge ae larger. The schooner Francis Allen, of 122 tons, which has lately been fitted up as a screw steamer, is now at New London, and will sail about the 20th inst. When among the islands she will use her steamship wers, but will proceed there under sail. Within The next three weeks the schooners Flying Fish and Goluen West will leave for the same destination. Great excitement prevails in New London and New Bedford on the eantect of these sealskin expedi- tions. Itis reported also that the Falkland Island Company will also send out several vessels. Sev- eral furriers in New York are also equipping ves- sels. The seal skins received from the Shetlands are far superior to those received from Alaska, and when dyed and dressed sell for from forty to fifty dollars each. THE BOARD OF HEALTH. At the regular meeting of the Board of Health the following reports from the various bureaus were received and read:— The Sanitary Committee respectfully submit tne follow- ing report of the work of the different bureaus for the week ending July 27, 1972:—The City Sanitary reports a total of 4,818 In-pectlons. tors as follows, viz. :—4 public buildings, 2,710 tenem houses, 675 private dwellings, 191 other dweilings, 23 man- factories and workshops, 1 stores and warehouses, 140 stables, 7 fat rendering establishments Lrendering boat, Sterner houses, 7 markets, 4 ferries, a ays, GREAT SEAL EXPEDITION. 4 dumping grounds, 7 sunken and 9% yards’ courts and areas; 119 ments, waate Piges «pri and water closets, street utters and side- walks, 8 street culverts and drains, erns and cesspools; 21 other nuisances and §' visits of the Health Inspectors to cases of contagions diseases. The number of neuer thereon received trom the Health In- spectors was Daring the week % complaints have been recelved from citizens and referred jg the Health Inspectors for investigation and report. The Disiniect. ing Corps have visited 9 premises where contagious dis- eases were found and have disinfected and ftunigaced 9 houses, 9 privy sinks, together with clothiny, bedding. &c. Two cases of smalipox were removed to hospital, 192 p sinks and cesapools have been cleaned and disinfected by the night scavengers, under permits of the Board, and 724 loads of night soil removed trom the city. Permits hay been granted to 58 ve to discharge cargoes, on vouc’ erafrom the Health OMcer of this port. The tollowing a comparative statement of contagious diseases for tl Lait hah mrtg AS and August &, 1872;— ——— Fevers ——— Typhus. Typhoid, Scarlet, Measles, Dipth'a. Snaltpor, July 27... 4 8 Py py o 8 i“ August 3.. 7 3 16 ¢ Register of Records reports ag follows :=During the past week there were registered 720 deaths, being a de- crease of 71 from the previous week and xcoss of 92 over the porresponding week of IETl occasioned 342 deaths Yelopmental, 37, and wlotent causes, of smallpox diininished from to 6; th or 10 5; those of wi ¢o those, of cerebro spinal fever trom 10, to % and. those from 354 to 201. There were Sdeaths constitutions Giarrhoel complaint from diptheria and croup, the same n imber asin the pre- Kk. The deaths by scariatin: igereaged from 12 by typhus fever from, 1 to 3; those by typhoid by re tens inet, from to 4 ve by intermittent tavee Homo to The mortality of phthisis pulmonalis rose frem 73 to &. and that of tl local respiratory affections from 28 to.t2 ight wollte N victims to, rpiterperal disorders; 111 de ths occurred In institutions; 6 were certified by Coroners, 28 of which Were duc to accident or negligence, 1 to homicide ant 4 to tulelde, There were fis deaths of children under 5 years ol of persoms 70 years upwards ttorney reports ns follows:—Number of actions commenced for all causes, imber of actions discon. plata, pon evidence of abatement of all canses of c f te - aint, 9; number of Judgments obtained in pending ac. ons, 22; number or complaints examined and form of order endorsed thercon, 637; number of such complaints examined and returned for further, examination and re- ort, 6%, Captain Yule, of the Sanitary Company of Po. ice, reports the follwing as the amount of meat, fish, Ac./ seized and condemned, as unfit for human sood :— Cattle, 1; sheep, Pi hogs, 2 aoe Garces, 138; Jarabe, 25: beat, 3,125 pounds; ved, eu ounds; mutton, ounds poultey, 40 pounds; corned beet, 65 pounds; fish, the raat ampyt sre ine slaughter The ¢ houses ¢ vy | y IMPEACHMENT OF BARNARD, John Strahan’s History of the Tammany Prosecutions. . STOPPING THE WHEELS OF GOVERNMENT. Mechanical Garvey Opens Andy's Secret Budget. The Plasterer’s Transfer of Property and Visit to Europe. WORK DONE AT BARNARD'S HOUSE. Prosecuting and Defending Coun- sel “Rest” Their Case. Sanaroca, N. Y., August 7, 1873, The Court met at ten A. M., thirty-three members present. Martin D, Conway was recalled, and testified thas Sterling went to Poughkeepsle to procure an order from Judge Barnard; it was on Tuesday morning; no one else to my knowledge went from Albany for that purpose, Witness was shown the orders, but could not recognize them as it wasso long ago. He observed that they had the New York County Clerk's seal, but he did not know of their having one in Albany at the time. JOHN STRAHAN ON THE STAND, John H. Strahan, counsellor engaged in the age tion of Foley vs. Hall, Tweed and othera, was sworn—He detailed the circumstances which called for the actions which grew out of the great official frauds; Tweed, Sweeny, Hall and Connolly were made parties to the action, because they had abso- lute power in the government; it required the unanimous approval of those gentlemen to tax the citizens and to expend the money raised by taxa tion; they were expending $11,000,000; the effect of the injunction issued by Judge Barnard was to restrain the expenditure of any money and the issue of bonds of any description; that im- junction servea to arrest the proceedings of those gentlemen, The injunction was applied for on the 7th of September. There was on argu- ment an entire week. The various defendants were represented by counsel, After the argument Judge Barnard continued the injunction, on the ground that the city finances were in such condt- tion that it was his duty todo so. The necessities ofthe city required a modification of the order, Green was appointed Comptroller, and tocarry om the government this modification was necessary. The proposition was Spposed by the counsel of Tweed and others, they claiming that the injunct should be swept away entirely; but Judge Barna\ granted my application for a modification and em. phatically refused to modify the injunction; so ine, ‘as the department of Tweed was concerned thi 1ujunction was the opening weage for getting at the revelations concerning the frauds upon the city; Green was put in as Comptroller and then we got at all the information; SWEENY APPLIED TO JUDGE INGRAHAM for a mandamus, whereupon Tweed’s counsel ap- piled to Judge Barnard fora modification, so thas improvements could go on under the Two ‘Per Cent act; argument was had, and Judge Barnard made anew Gi dey Tweed to goon under the unanimous direction of the Board of Apportion- ment, but Green was a member of this Board, unanimous consent could not be got—thus tweed was tied up; these proceedings caused a gren& change in affairs and a great reduction of govern- ment expenses; large numbers of sinecures were cut off, and a saving to the city amounting to mif- lions of dollars was made. Cross-examined by Mr. Van Cott—Was the effect of — injunction to stop the wheels of the goverm- ment Witness—Judge Barnard sald such an order might have that effect, but that there was no ethet way to do than to tie up these men; but the wheels of the government were not stopped for the rea: son that when we got the injunction it was modl- fied so as to allow the wheels of the government te Les a again; the order was @ proper one, § thought. ir, Beach—The revelations which brought frauds home occurred after these proceedin, there was a diversity of opinion at the time whet there were frauds or not; for myself I did not really believe there was a judge in New York city whe would issue such an order; I went to other dee fae I went to Judge Barnard to apply for the junction. Mr. Beach then stated that this closed the case of the respondent, with the exception of reserving the examination of Oliver Charlick. THE MECHANICAL GARVEY, John Garvey, brother of Andrew J. Garvey, was Sworn, and testified that he had general charge of the mechanical part of his brother's business; % superintended the work at Judge Barnard’s house in the fall of 1868; work was done in two small chambers up stairs, the hallway and dining room: on another occasion other work was done, some of it under the direction of Mrs. Barnard; six weeks? work in all was done. Cross-examined by Mr. Beach—Never was con. nected in business with my brother; have beet [ee superintendent for him about ten yea ¢ has been in that business some twenty Years; never knew him to be a musician at dances or pu lic festivities; he has conveyed property to me; tt was last year; it was several thousand Jars; can’t say how much; a house or two in Thirteenth street; two or three, & am not positive which, and some vacant roperty up in Madison avenue; Oraiaasy. pr diny lots; cannot say what the lots ape ww Orth 100 not say a lot there is wort” 1 from,,.%{000 te $75,000; I own the house and lot I live in in Fiftieth street and also one on Thirteenth street; I am afraid to state my idea of the value of the lots, for fear it would not meet your views; CANNOT SAY HOW MUCIL I paid Andrew J. Garvey for them; I got them all in one deed; there were also some Boulevard lots; they are worth about five thousand dollars each; there were also two or three lots on Fifth avenue, near Seventy-second strect ; don't know what they were worth; $10 was the consideration named im tne deed; I paid the $10; don't know where the deed was drawn; it was executed in Andrew's house; there was &@ notary; Andrew's wiie, Andrew and myself were present; I presume there was @ lawyer present; don’t recollect his name; did not pay any otner consideration than the $1¢ edn receiv pronerty received no other property; nds and mortgages to liquidate his debt: were three moitgages of $40,000 each whi to pay his debts; also received some worthless. 0. stock; the deed was executed in August or Se. tember, 1871; MY BROTAER WENT TO EUROPE in September or October, shortly after this deeds he returned In January succeeding; I knew there was excitement in New York about frauds; did nos know or hear of his making any transfer of prop- erty to his wife at the time; I have made no nego- tations with the city authorities as to claims against him; don’t know of his wife doing so; never wrote to him while ‘oad about such ne- gotiations; never did al work on the house of Thomas J. Creamer; the work on Bar- nard’s house was done in the fall of 1808 and againa year after; don’t remember that his family were at home while doing the second jot; £ certainly saw Judge Barnard there twice; cannot tell exactly when the work was done. To Mr. Van Cott—Our workmen frequently work on other people’s houses out of hours; do not know whether they thus worked on Creamers house; When my brother conveyed this property to me immediately conveyed it to hia wife, , To Mr. Beach—Fileppo Donnaramina superin. tended the work of Ju Barnard's house; don’ know as his name appeared on the fraudulent war. rant which passed through the Comptroller's omice, MORRB SUSQUEHANNA RAILROAD BUSINESS, J. H Ramsey was called and sworn.—He was President of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad Company in 1869; after stating the commencement of the litigation he said that Judge J. K. Porter assured him that the 9,600 shares could be received at the election legally ; it was not subscribed at mid- night, as stated ; a portion of it was subscribed at my house about nine o'clock in the evening, and the remainder was subscribed at the railroad office next ak, Witnexs then described the man- ner in which he was arrested, and the manner in which David Dudley Field treated him, which he characterized as torolting: Witness showed by the use of figures that, throwing out the $9,500 shares referred to and the | Groegheck shares, there was a majority for the antl-Fisk directors. The witness was not cross-examined, ” “RESTING'! THE CASK. The prosecution iich AADouNced that they here rested their case. » Beach asked: {f Oliver Charlick was in cour and there was no response. He theti said he cow not ask the Court to wait for him, and said that the respondent's counsel would rest their case, i Came asked if connael proposed to argue thé case vf Mr. Bi ach replied that i. had been proposed tha f tie counsel for the respondent anon a the Court, but as the evidence was not all of a pripted they were embarrassed in the matter, They CONTINUED ON NINTH PAGE.