The New York Herald Newspaper, June 27, 1872, Page 4

“DOMINION OF CANADA. The Dawn of a New Era Beyond the St. Lawrence. THE NEW GOVERNOR GENERAL Antecedents and Sketch of Lord Dufferin, Lisgar’s Successor. WHAT HE MUST GRAPPLE WITH. The Political Corruption and Job- bery in the Dominion. ‘THE PACIFIC RAILROAD GRAB The Discontent of the New Bruns- wickers and Nova Scotians, MACDONALD’S FIGHT FOR SUPREMACY. The Annexed Provinces Writhing Uneasily Beneath the Yoke. PERILS OF THE PENDING ELECTIONS. eh ees Effect of the Washington Treaty on the Fisheries. The telegraph has already informed the public of the arrival in Canada of Lord Dufferin, successor of Lord Lisgar, as Governor General of the New Dominion, and a cordial wel- come awaits him in his new field of duty. Suitable preparations have been made at the principal cities to give expression to the loyal and confident sentiments of the colonists, Lord Lisgar has bidden adicu to Canada, after a residence of over three years, retiring at hisown desire—the term of office being five years. He arrived the year after confederation was effected, and at once made himself acquainted with the people, and by visiting various localities obtained a full knowledge of the wants and necessities of the Dominion. He Tuled acceptably, and though not making himself con- spicuous in public affairs, took an active part in promoting all enterprises inaugurated tor the con- solidation and improvement of the provinces. The station of Governor General of Canada is not a bed of roses, as many predecessors of Lord Lisgar have found. Party feeling runs high, and the passions ofthe inhabitants have frequently, when aroused, culminated in riot and arson, Lord Elgin, in 1849, was attacked by a mob in the streets of Montreal, who at the same time burned down the Houses of Parliament, and this was the work of men who claimed credit for their superior loyalty to the throne of Great Britain, Lord Lisgar was assailed by the same party, though in a different manner. The constitution fixed his salary at $50,000 per Q@nnum, and an attempt was made, to reduce it to $30,000, but the effort failed. k i c 2RNOR GENERAL, ‘emple Blackwood, K. P. Clanboye, the new Goy- je 7 nion of Canada, in suc- a > bt Monurable John Young, Lord Lisgar, arrived in quebec oa Tuesday, 25th inst. He was accompanied by Lady Dufferin and suite, and received by Sir Hastings Doyle, Sir John A. Mac- donald and others. The new Governor General was sworn in at three o'clock in the afternoon the same day. His Lordship embarked at Londonderry, {reland, and thus landed directly on the soil of the territory which the Queen of England has commit- ted to his charge. Lord Dufferin is the only son of the fourth peer of the title, by Helen Selina, daughter of the late Thomas Sheridan, sq. He was born in the year* 1826, and succeeded to the peerage in 1841. He mar- ried, in the year 1862, Harriet Hamilton, daughter of the late Archibald Hamilton, Esq., of Killyleagh Castle, county Down, Ireland. He has served the English government as Under Secretary at War, and was a Lord in Walting on the Queen from 1849 to 1852, and again from 1854 to 1858, He was ap- pointed Commissioner of the Crown in Syria in 1860, and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1868. The new Governor General is an excellent scholar, an accomplished writer and a humorist of quiet, but effective merit; the latter accomplishment coming naturally to him almost by inheritance, his mother being of the famous Sheridan family, and a sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton, the best writer, perhaps, of humorous Irish songs of the present day. His Lordship has himself published a satire on high life, entitled, “Hon. Impulsia Gashing- ton,” which would have done credit to the author of “Potiphar Papers.” The story of his voyage to Iceland in 1859 1s given in “Letters from High Latitudes,” which is entertaining as a tale. There jg evidently & happy humanity about ‘the writer of the book and a sympathetic charm, ‘ko that tt is possible that many a fair reader has excused, if not envied, the old Norse landlady, who thought it necessary to sce that the seeming youth in that cold region, as he himself tells us, “was properly cared for to the extent of tucking him in bed and kissing him as she would a baby.” Through a perversity of fortune, or some lack of that pragmatic and self-assertive habit of mind and temperament which seems to be a condition of poli- tleal success in England, Lord Dufferin has seen himself outstripped in the race of Parliamentary and official life by many inferior men. There was no present chance of t vinet opening its doors LORD to receive him. The post to which he has just been appointed may amply gratify reasonable ambition, as it must certainly serve to compensate him for the many smail efforts which have been made St different times to veil the eyes of his Sovereign against a true estimate of his full worth and official value to her service. THE GENERAL ELECTION. The last session of the First Dominion Parliament was prorogued on the 14th instant. Lord Dutterin arrives in the midst of the excitement preceding a general election. Sir John A. Macdonald, who is at the head of the government, expects to carry enough constituencies to give majortty of enpporters and continue him in power, He t t and delicate task to perform ing st closed, as one of the Joint sgotiated the Treaty of Wash- " »4 to defend his conduct on nd to show that neither the a oor the dignity of the Dominion were disregarded. A resolution offered to condemn his action in consenting to the withdrawal of the Fenian claims was voted down by a large majority. The Premier has labored early and late to promote British-American consolidation. have been added to the Dominion, though two still remain outside; a better feeling has been created in the maritime province of Nova Scotia; New Brunswick, it is claimed, is now, with some draw- backs, reconciled to its lot; suitable legislation has been effected to carry out the provisions of the Treaty of Washington; the project of laying down a cable between Scotland and Canada is in a fair way of being consummated, and the gigantic enterprise of building the Canadian and Pacific Railroad, 2,500 miles in Jength, is to be commenced without delay. Lord Dufferin bas the good fortune to find on his gtrivai ali the great measures intended to give his policy a | Two provinces | stability and prosperity to the new semt-inde- Pendent State fairly launched, and it only remains for him to guide the work, @ task not altogether free from difficulties, to the expected successful end. TREATY OF WASHINGTON. The Washington Treaty was an event fraught with momentous consequences to Canada, It pro- vided for the establishment of entirely new rela. tions with the United States, and was intended to Place the Dominion in a position where it might Proceed in its career witliout reasonable fear of in- terference of any kind, The union of the provinces we hoped would add to their prosperity, and we have regarded with satisfaction the measures taken to add to the internal improvements of the colonies and development of the vast resources of the country. The advent of Lord Dufferin marks a new era in the history of the Dominion, and per- haps affords a suitable occasion to refer at some length to what our neighbors have been doing since 1867, and what they propose doing in the im- Mediate future. Although the Alabama dispute almost exclusively engrosses our thoughts, it was in reality the least urgent and least dangerous of our differences with Great Britain. Our dlffer- ences with Canada were much more likely to involve us in dimculties, if not in actual hostilities, The capture of the James Bliss and Enola ©. are cases in point. These differences were of four kinds, There is the dispute of old standing about the boundary of San Juan; there was a claim of Canada for indemnification on account of Fenian raids; there was a quarrel about the right of fishing in Canadian waters, and the right claimed by the provinces to exclude citizens of the United States from the navigation of the St. Lawrence. All the others might keep, but the fishery dispute, as recent events prove, was full of peril to the con- tinuance of peace, It is an acknowledged prin- ciple that any country has jurisdiction over its coasts to the extent of three miles from low water mark. We maintained that the coast line followed the indentations. The Canadians insisted that it was to be measured from headland to headland. If the latter interpretation prevailed our fishermen might be excluded from the Canadian bays—that is, from the only valuable fisheries—and this our fishermen refused to submit to, An indiscreet naval officer on either side might bring on a col- lision at any time, for the United States took care to be represented on the fishing grounds by vessels of war, with instructions to resist illegal seizures, This matter has been settled by the Washington Treaty. DIFFICULTIES OF THE DOMINION. The Dominion was proclaimed in May, 1867. The measure originated partly in the political necessi- ties of the Canadian Provinces, and partly, no doubt, in view of creating a new kingdom or inde- pendent State to be ruled by one of the English princes, to meet some contingency at a future time 1t is even believed now that Lord Dufferin will be the last Governor General. The Dominion being the creation of circumstances, it was subjected to early and probably hostile criticisms, and it re- quired skilful guidance, at least at the start. So far it may be said to be advancing in strength, ex- tent and national importance. Its dificulties with the maritime provinces remain practically un- settled. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island continue opposed to being swallowed up in the new confederacy, holding that their interests and those of the other maritime provinces are not in common with Canada, and that union would bring to them only ruin and decay. Every effort has been made by Lord Lisgar and his advisers to induce the hardy Atlantic colonists to become part of the Dominion, but they have proved unavailing. The attempt, which has succeeded, to absorb Mani- toba caused civil war, and that province is, even now, in a very unsatisfactory condition. British Columbia was induced to pass an act of union, but the cost could not have been paid if the mother country had not guaranteed a large. loan to assist in the building of a Pacific Railroad; and this would not have been available only for the Treaty of Washington. There are. chronic dissensions growing out of dif- ferences in race and religion, and since 1867 there | has been added the semi-disloyal attitude of the | Maritime provinces. The subject of education is | One surrounded with many perils, and the Protes- tant minority in Quebec, not belng able to carry their measures in the local Legislature, threaten to appeal to the home government for a change in | the constitution, so as to force their ideas of public instraction on the large French and Catholic ma- jority. Much of the time of the session of Parlia- Ment just closed was taken up with the discussion of a schoo] law tor New Brunswick, where it is ad- mitted by Protestant journals that there exists an “undoubtedly ill-used minority” of Catholics. MATERIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITION. , Notwithstanding all this, the Dominion, socially and materially, may be said to be a prosperous country. Its finances are in excellent condition. Public works of the greatest importance have been completed. New railroads and telegraph lines are about to be commenced, and steam communi- cation with Europe is carried on on an extensive scale. The Dominion is gaining Wate tll by immigration, and a military system has been called into existence during the past few years that is avowedly intended to be equal to the task of repell- ing invasion. The canals are to be immediately widene and Gyepened, and high anticipations are entertained of the happy results to follow from the Washington ‘Treaty in respect y to trade with the United States. Itis to be hoped that under the administration of Lord Dufferin the country will continue to prosper, but it will be ne- cessary that the mahgn spirit of religious intol- erance should be quenched. It cannot denied that this spirit Is kept allve by publications and speeches emanating from one section, who, in the name of religious liberty, never cease denouncing | and misrepresenting those who conscientiously differ with them in belief, and who con- stitute over one half of the population of the Dominion. Lord Monck, whg preceded Lord Lisgar, labored faithfully to mena this condl- tion of Ls The latter nobleman (who entered office as Sir John Young, and who has been raised to the peerage, taking his title from one of his Irish | estates) has also done much to check sectarian an- imosities by dealing impartially with all classes; but it was during the administration of Lord Elgin | | that the ascendancy sought to be established by | | one portion of the inhabitants over another re- | ceived its deathblow. POLICY OF LORD ELGIN, The late Lord Elgin while acting as Governor General accomplished results that led ina great measure to the extinction of the feuds that existed between the inhabitants of Upper and Lower Canada. The Pata object of his policy was to ; Unite the people of the provinces and show them how much was to be Ved by living, as neighbors | and fellow citizens should, in narmony. He en- | countered the bitter enmity of the so-called loyal arty, Which on several occasions manifested itself in riots and attempts at personal violence. He spoke French fluently, and delivered his sPéech when Parliament met in that language and in English. This aroused the indignation ! of the so-called loyalists, nor was their indignation | lessened when the new Ministry bronght in a bill to provide for the indemnification of partiés in Lower Canada, whose property was destroyed during the | rebellion of 1837 and 1838. This wag the measure that soon became notorious as the “Rebellion Losses bill.” The tories petitioned and spoke and agitated against it, and complained that loyalty was going to the dogs when rebels were to be com- | pensated for losses sustained in the struggle which they had provoked. He refused to dissolve Parlia- and ultimately the biil was passed and re- 1 the royal assent. Then ensued those DISGRACEFUL MONTREAL RIOTS in April, 1849, which were as disgraceful to the old Canadian tor arty as the result was | honorable to Lord Elgin and his policy. He was hooted and pelted on leaving the Parilae ment house, and by a sudden impulse, after holding an open air public meeting, the infu- | riated mob, led on by a number of demagogues, rushed to the House of Parliament, set it on fire an burned it to the ground. But this was not enough; afew days afterwards the fury of the mob again } broke out, and when Lord Elgin drove into Mon- | trea) to receive an address voted to him by the As- sembly he was received in the streets by showers | of stones, and narrowly escaped personal | injury. for some weeks after this he did not enter the city, remaining all the time perfectly calm and cool, but declining to | enter the capital with any military force lest he | Should afford the rioters the opportunity they de- | Sired of shedding blood. At the same time he was | Cavally firm in his resolution to yield nothing to force, and wrote to England strongly to insist that dictation of this sort must not be listened to unless all government of the provinces by legal means Were abandoned, Lord Elgin asked leave to resign, but the Colonial Minister assured him of the com: plete confidence of the Crown, and of the Queen's anxious desire that he should retain the high omce entrusted to him. The obnoxious bill was carried {nto effect, and the only lasting effect of the rebel- ious conduct of Montreal was the removal of the seat of government from the rebellious city. ADDRESS TO THE GOVERNOR GENERAL: | _ Before the adjournmentof Parliament, on the 14th | instant, both Houses joined in an address to Lord | Lisgar, In which it was stated that the administra- tion of his office had been characterized by the great development of the Dominion and its markea pros- erity, a8 Well as by the extension of its boundaries | rom the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, Mr, Macken- serious thoughts the word ‘farewell’ awaken, with aeary Scena ederens of the many courtesies and effective assistance I have received at your hands, and with most ardent wishes for the prosperity of the Dominion of Canada with which I rejoice to think my humble name has been connected by honorable ties for over three years. The adoption of the articles of the Treaty of Washington affect- ing Canada has shown in aclear light your desire to share the fortunes of England. © general dis- position evinced under the trying circuinstances of he time has added strength to the honorable posi- tion of Canada both as the British empire and the United States, 6 Vast project matured for building a railroad to the shores of the Pacific ‘will open a pathway for England, as well in peace as in war, to the Kast; and will be of most essential benefit, by gi facilities for trafic of kin pening lands for settlement and dra closer the tes that bind the sister provinces of Do- minion. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILROAD, The annexation of British Columbia, by which the iimits of the Dominion have been extended to the Pacific {s looked upon as one of the G successes of Lord ‘3 admin! it is true the Perary though vast, is of little value. The white popula’ ion does not exceed 10,000; and trade which was extensive during the Frazer River gold excitement, when 30,000 Americans from Call- rnia and Oregon were led to visit the colony in search of the precious metals, is now of hardly consequence. It has good harbors in’ Puget Sound, but the interior is an unknown and ‘uninviting region, However, the leading condition of British Columbia entering the Dominion was an engagement on the ye of the government to construct a railroad to he Pacific, thereby offering to British Columbia means of active communication with Canada and With the world at large. It is computed that this rallroad—the Canadian Pacific—will be at least Eis miles, Kowa from Lake fipisting to ictoria, in Vancouver Island, and it Is to be built in ten years, the means to be provided by grants of land of twenty miles in extent on each side of the road, and by such subsidy as Parliament may seem fit to bestow. The esti- mated cost 18 $100,000,000, and the subsidy is to be not less than one-fourth of the amount, $25,000,000, Itis known that the British govern- ment has guaranteed a loan of $13,000,000 for this RErpase in consideration of the Dominion confirm- ing the articles of the Treaty of Washington relat- ing to Canada, andan act, as stated before, has been passed providing for the immediate com- mencement of the work. Over this t enter- rise the Canadians are quite jubilant, and Lord me refers to it as bigs 3 in the firat place of the high est importance to the imperial government, either in case of peace or war. The Canadians re- Joice that “from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from forty-six degrees (?) of north latitude to the North Pole, is the full description of thelr now Dominion.” INTERCOLONIAL RAILROAD. The principal public work not yet completed—the Intercolonial Railroad—is rapidly advancing, The force employed on it in a given month recently was 133,694 men, 11,960 boys, 30,000 horses and 860 oxen. The outlay up to the present time is $10,000,000; the total cost will not be less than $17,000,000, It is ex- pected that this road—the direct and chief result 80 far of confederation—will be in full operation next year. Its Iioreencs as a national work may be judged from tho assurances given that pas- spe and freight can be conveyed from Halifax to Sarnia without transshipment, a distance of 1,367 miles, The opening of the European and North American Rallroad was an occasion of much interest. The work was the joint enterprise of the British Provinces and the State of Maine, and is not only calculated to increase profitable business intercourse between the respective peneierians, but places St. John, N. B., in direct railroad com- munication with Montreal. It was fitting’ in presence of Lord Lisgar and President IMMIGRATION, On the subject of immigration the Dominion gov- ernment takes the greatest interest. Agencies are supported at public expense in Great Britain and Treland, France and the Scandinavian countries for the purpose of pointing out the advantages of the Dominion to Europeans. Liberal laws have been enacted in favor of immigrants. Free grants of lands are offered to settlers, and foreigners are en- titled to nearly every civil and political privilege enjoyed by natives. The head tax has been abol- ished during the present year, the Dominion in this respect following the example of Massachusetts, It is recognized that the great need of the colonies is immigrants, and the measures taken to encourage this class have met considerable success, though it has been found that no small portion of the ar- rivals, after a stay, long or short, finally find per- manent homes in the United States. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SCOTLAND AND CANADA. The Canadian government has now under consid- eration a measure for laying a cable from Thurso, in the north part of Scotland, to be continued to Ice- land, and make its first American station at Greenby Island, the narrowest point of the Straits of Belle Isle, then touching agai at the east end of Antibosti, and then connecting with the existing Canadian telegraph system at Gaspe. ‘The company obtained an act of incorporation about two years ago, and, being about to expire for non-usage, an extension Was obtained during the last session of the Dominion Parliament. The company has recently acquired considerable strength by means of combinations which it has formed, and within the last few weeks Count de Raasioff, an eminent public man of Den- mark, has been in Ottawa in the interests of the Great Northern Telegraph Company, which is lend- ing its active support towards the construction of this cable. And in addition to this source of strength an arrangement has been made with the Great Western Telegraph line to work the two sys- tems in common. {If the cable be laid and the other arrangements carried out Canada would be placed directly in communication with the West indies and with the lines extending across the entire northern ES of Europe and Asia, connecting Western Furope with China and zapen GOVERNMENT AID PROMISED. In the early partof last week a deputation was received by the Dominion authorities in reference to this important matter. The estimated cost of the cable is four million dollars, and the proposal made to the government of Canada was that it should grant a guarantee of five per cent upon this amount—that is, asum equal to $200,000 per annum. The Finance Minister stated that the government would not be indisposed to consider a proposal by which an amount of business, say $100,000 annually, would be guaranteed. The Montreal Board of Trade represented that it would be of the greatest import- ance to have the enterprise immediately proceeded with and vigorously prosecuted to its completion, because all the advantages before mentioned would be secured; and not only so, but because the in- cldental advantages of such connections would be incalculable, inasmuch as lateral branch lines would be established on both sides of the Gulf and river St. Lawrence, affording instant communication with the most dangerous parts of the coast in cases of shipwreck or other marine disaster, while reat service might also be rendered to the fishery interests. The Governor General in Council, it seems, has authority to afford a pecuniary guaran- tee, The Canadian press are satisfied, taking all the circumstances into account, that the govern- ment would find itself sustained’ by public opinion in affording what moral and material support itcan to the porones Canadian Telegraph Company. Among the first questions Lord Dufferin will have to deal with is the proposition for an independent cable to Europe. ENLARGEMENT OF THE CANALS, The ye Governor General, Lord Lisgar, is identified with the measures passed for, the im- provement of the navigation of the canals, They are to be deepened and widened so as to admit propellers of heavy burden to pass through. When this is accomplished direct shipments can be made inwards and outwards from the port where the largest ships frequent. It is understood that all the canals are to be of uniform size, 80 that ships of the greatest big ge | can enter them; but if even this cannot be accomplished by ocean steam- ers coming to Quebec or Montreal it may be found cheaper for inland vessels of 1,200 or 1,400 tons to transship into the larger ocean ship when the canals are enlarged to the requisite ex- tent. ‘The Treaty of Washington secures to the citizens of the United States the use of the Welland, St. Lawrence and other canals on terms of equality with the inhabitants of the Dominion. In return for this privilege English subjects are to enjoy the use of the St. Clair Canal on terms of equality with the inhabitants of the United States, and they are also secured in the use of the several State canals connected with the navigation of the lakes or rivers contiguous to the boundary lines, The enlargement. of the Canadian canals, for which Parliament has provided, is therefore of great importance to our citizens, » THE MILITARY SYSTEM. A few months since all the regular troops serv- ing in the Dominion were recalled to Europ nd the only place in North America left witha British arrison was Halifax. The force consisted of a ba alion of rifles and the Sixty-first regiment. week the Eighty-seventh Royal Irish Fusiliers ar- rived from Malta, and the Sixty-first ina day or two after embarked and sailed for Cork. The with- drawal of troops was not at all an agreeable pro- ceeding to the Canadiana, for they looked upon It as an abandonment on the part of the mother country of all fature protection, The population of the Dominion ig but little more than a tenth of that of the United States, and it would pe clearly @ mockery, it was thought in some quarters, to grant the privilege of an inde- pendence they could not defend. The Canadian existed on the faith of British protection in case of need, and the obligation could not be avoided. But this has to be stated, that it was long a source of dissatisfaction to Englishmen when hearing of the prosperity of Canada that they should be com- peed to support soldiers for its defence, while in fact the colonies contributed nothing to the mill- tary strength of the empire. How far British troops would be able to defend the country in the event of invasion or attack was also considered by the British government. In any event the home authorities had long held to the opinion that the presence of regular soldiers was at best but @ source of irritation to Americans. THE MILITIA. The Canadians finding themselves without an opened rant, zie, leader of the opposition, hoped the Governor General would receive an additional mark of appro. | sonally felt the removal a loss, It was from’ pr sonal grounds that Lord Lisgar had given up the government of Canada, and Simone he would be succeeded by a countryman of his of he could not help feeling regret at the 8! tp. He had represented the Queen in @ manner satisfactory to the people of Canada; his long experience of public life could have led all to expect nothing else, LORD LISGAR'S REPLY, ; The reply of Lord Lisgar contains one or two ol servations worth particular notice. He said:— | have now the honor to hid vou fdvewell, with those 3 bation from the Queen. Sir John A. Macdonald, per- | high position | army went energetically to work to organize one. Under the administration of Lord Lisgar they have raised @ force which they consider able, with the | pecularities of their country, to meet all comers and give @ good account of themselves, The present or- | fanized and uniformed militia of Canada is 50,000, but there are nearly seven hundred thousand men in the provinces ‘Hable to military service. Annual encampments are held, at which the active force is concentrated with ree and paid, supplied and exercised ae in actual service. At the present moment large camps of instruction exist at Niagara, Windsor, Kingston and other places, where rigid ‘discipline is observed, Two schools of artillery have been re- NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1872--TRIPLE SHEET, cently established, one at Kingston and onc at Que! under command of 8) trained officers Batteries ‘and serve in’ tho guarding of ‘posts and serve 10 ing arsenals and military stores, i ndaition to afford- ing practice to the OfMicers and men in their ex- erect The Canadians, actuated by a martial spirit, have accomplished a good deal in the. mill- tary ling; but it has cost them and will continue to cost. them a amount of money, which could be tter seaplozed. ae now pretend to be assure that the Dominion was invaded in overwhelmin; numbers England could not and would not stan be prokecsed. against invasio United States by any force sibly send acrogs the Atlan! sors.’? Lord Dufferin will, however, find the tary question one that has taken a strong hold on the public mind, ahd in which all classes are deoply interested. The service is in charge ofa member o! the Governor General's Council, or Cabinet Minia- ter, and the orders issued from his office have all the formality and air of importance of orders ema- nating from the Horse Guards in London. CANADIAN BRAG AND BLUSTER. At the dinner given last Thursday evening at Montreal to Lord at which Mr. William A. Dart, Consul Gene: of the United States, was present, Sir Hastings Doyle, Commander-in-Ohief of the British forces, made the appended significant and in some respects highfalutin remarks :—“It is curious we should prepare for war. by sending troops bome, CaueHees) bas Tam prepared to de- tend that action. It was done more or less by the mother country for the sake of concentration, but itwas also done to make fa self-reliant— (loud cheers)—and it has had that effect. It was fate last year to inspect the large bodies of - tary enrolled in this country, and I may thanks to the energies of my iriend Sir George E. Cartier, we have now & tmost efficient force, one at whose head I am prepared to tal myself should occasion require it. (Cheers.) But I have often been told— so lately indeed as just before I left my command. that even Halifax would be deprived of every sol- dier. Iam prepared to give that a most emphatic denial. Ihave the best authority for stating that Halifax is to be continued as an imperial Eien and that so long as it {8 80 considered so long will Great Britain be able to feed this country with ag many troops as may neces, sary. (Cheers.) It was my duty in 1861 to transport 13,000 men here, and, I am happy to say, without a single accident occurring, and [ am pre- pared to send over ten times that number with the same ease I did then. Therefore, depend upon It, there ia no fear of the future, (Enthusiastic cheer- ing.) We have it from two of the highest states- men in Great Britain, opposed in politics, that it is the intention of Great Britain to stand by this country when occasion requires it. (phases) Hay- ing told you this much, I hope I shall strike confl- dence into the hearts of the old women who are afraid as to the future. (Cheers.) There exists a difference of opinion on this point. The best military authorities in Great Britain have admitted that it would be impossible to defend Canada against invasion by the United States. THE FISHERIES QUESTION. The statement in the House of Commons on Mon- day, the 17th inst., that application was made by our government for the provisional engagement of the privileges secured by the fishery clauses of the Treaty of Washington in the waters of British North America was refused by Canada ts entirely cor- rect. It will be seen hereaiter that on the same day the treaty was eres Secretary Fish addressed anote to the British Minister, representing the mutual advantages that would follow from the con- cession. It will be remembered that, early in 1870, the Dominion government, in order to retaliate for an alleged illberal commercial policy on the part of the United States, put new con- struction on the treaty of 1818, for- bidding American vessels the privilege long enjoyed by them of entering its ports to dry fish, purchase supplies and to reship their fish for ports in the United States. The Canadian authorities evinced at that time a fixed determination to throw every obstacle in the way of American fishing vessels visiting for any purpose a colonial port. A rigid system of marine police was instituted. A consid- erable squadron, wnder Admiral Wellesley, was sta- tioned on the coast and several American vessels captured and numerous others bit ordered away. These measures, which materially atfected the Interests of a large class of American citizens engaged in the prosecution of an important branch of industry while deriving no sanction from the treaty of 1818, or the usages of nations, were rendered still more objection- able from having been undertaken without notice previously given. Vessels, as stated, were seized in deilance of every principle of right or justice, and subjected to confiscation under some previously unknown order. In presence of this condition of affairs came the proposition from the British government to appoint a Joint High Commission, to arrive at an understanding with ref- erence to the fisheries, as well as all other questions which affect the relations of the two countries, The fishery dispute was, therefore, the question bay brought into existence the Treaty of Wash- ington. DISCUSSIONS IN THE CANADIAN PARLIAMENT. The discussions in the Canadian Parliament re- cently on this subject continued some time. Cer- tain gentlemen considered it obligatory to defend the course of Sir John A, Macdonald in taking a seat on the Commission. They also endeavored to prove that the shipbuilding interests of the Dominion had been greatly bene- fited by the recent treaty. At resent they claimed a premium of fifty per cent at least is given to Canadian fishermen, and the result in their opinion will be that the best American fishermen will go to Canada to prosecute their business, and carry their capital there, just as the Yankee lum- bermen have carried thelr capital to the Ottawa lumber districts. It was also claimed that the Littl provin e of Noya Scotia plone netted $600,000 roflt yearly re duties on herring and mackerel. The parties who oppose the treaty do not admit the importance of the duties on iish and fish oil, and assert that instead of the reception by Nova Scotia of $600,000 yearly the trade and navi- [es returns show that the figures are very much less. But $94,000 worth of herrings and mackerel, they assert, have been exported to the Unite States during 1871. It will be seen from this state of affairs that there is also a hitch in agreeing to the treaty on the other side of the St. Lawrence. One party evidently uses every means to embarrass the government, just as in England the opposition resorts to all kinds of tricks and devices to em- barrass Mr. Gladstone's Ministry. THE AMERICAN PROPOSITION. On the same day that the Treaty of Washington was signed by the Joint Commissioners at Wash- ington, May 8, 1871, Secretary Fish, as stated be- fore, addressed a note to Sir Edward Thornton, Stating tiiat it would be in accordance with the in- terests or both governments, in futherance of the objects and spirit of the treaty, that citizens of the United States should have the enjoyment of the liberty of fishing on the coasts of Canada, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland, Accordingly he suggested that such relaxa- tions and regulations as it might be in their power respectively, with the view of the admission of American fishermen to this privilege, as is pro- posed to secure to them by the treaty, should be adopted. The United States was prepared at the same time to admit British subjects to the right of ne in our waters; but as the admission into the United States free of duty of any articles which are by law subject to duty could not be allowed without the sanction of Congress, it was further proposed that the President should recommend to Congress that any duties which may have been col- lected on and after the 1st of July, 1871, on fish oil and fish, except tish of the mland lakes and of the rivers falling into the same, and except fish pre- served in oil, the produce of the fisheries of Canada and of Prince Edward Island, should be refunded to the parties paying the same, if a similar arrange- ment was made with respect to the admission into the British possessions of fish oil and fish, with the like exceptions, being the produce of the fisheries of the United States, THE BRITISH REPLY. Sir Edward Thornton promptly replied, and stated that he was authorized by Earl Granville to inform Mr. Fish that im the event of the ratification ofthe treaty the English government was prepared to recommend to the colonial authorities the adop- tion Of the provisional arrangements proposed, on the understanding that the ultimate decision of the question should rest with the colonies, which would be asked to grant the immediate and certain right of fishing within their territorial waters on the condl- tions specified by Mr. Fish. Six weeks passed, when the Secretary informed the Minister that much anxiety waS expressed and made known to the State Department on the part of thos engaged in the mackerel fishery Dear the coasts 0! th ‘British Provinces, the season for which was then about to open. It was admitted that techni- cally they could not claim the immunities promised in the Treaty of Washington; but they were in hopes that, through the forbearance of the authori- ties, they might not be subject to the annoyances to which they had been hitherto liable, and which were carried, the year before, to an unprecedented ex- tent. Mr. Fish stated it to be bis firm belief that if they should be disappointed much irritation would be occasioned; and, apprehending that legislation on the part of the United States stipulated for in the treaty might otherwise be retarded, he urged, asa matter highiy important, that the respective imperial or colonial authorities should leave nothing undone which might tend to the result desired. REFUSAL OF CANADA, Even at this early stage of the Washington Treaty the Dominion authorities showed no disposition to recede from the arrogant position they took in 1870, and which was considered devoid of right or justice. On their part it was stated there was no cause for anxiety to the citizens of the United States as long as they respected the colonial fishing laws in force; that they continued to hold to the opinion that, under the treaty of 1818, United States fishermen are prohibited from frequenting colonial ports and harbors for any purposes other tnan shelter, pnt A damages, prscnasing, wood and obtaining water; but the prohibition would be moditied to the extent of allowing American vessels toenter Canadian ports for the purposes of trade and of transshipping fish and pro- curing supplies, and that they would be allowed to fish outside of the three-mile limit, in bays the mouth of which is more than six miles wide, It was added, however, “that citizens of the United States will, on their part, contribute to the pre- vention of untimely collisions by gel trom encroaching upon those waters from which, Sy the treaty of 1815, and by the laws of Great Britain and Canada, they are excluded.” PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AND NEWFOUNDLAND. As stated by Mr. Hugesson, in the House of Com- mons on Monday, Prince Edward Island and New- foundiand consented to the proposition made by of lature; and government of Ne ’ ited in September last that ‘fahermen should be itted to the it Of taking seals within their Fora the ieee ‘aes of making outfits in the Sion of the produce of the New! ita sd seal Oi - seized during of Fishery laws. The case of the schooner Honea Gloucester, which was cut out from a provincial rwards ed @ new set of papers fore is well known. The case supposed from issued, Tarr, while on a voy! in June, 1871, to the Banks, ent Harbor, in Newfoundland, to buy bait, She was boarded by a boat trom the Pipe! War, ecg beni and orderess 0 leave and re! ge of purc fresh bait. Captain Dennis 0. Murphy Inquired as to the authority of such action, but got no reply. He states that then the British ofMcers tripped the seine, then in the hands of E: fishermen, and let out the herring, so that no bait could be sold, saying to the fishermen, “What are you doing? Ir Icatch you selling bait to Yankees I will cut up your seine. Where are you to get bread next winter?” Oaptain Murphy tnen left the harbor, but as the wind be; to blow and rain commenced he went back for shelter. A from the Dane was lying in walt for him. The officers came on board and showed him a written order from the captain to seize the Lizzie A. Tarr, against which Murphy protested, Giecceag 3 the right of shelter, but was required to agree in writing to go out at daylight, He was detained three weeks, at a loss to all con- cerned of $2,000. RECENT 81 A EIZURE. The recent seizure of the Enola O. at Trinity Bay does not indicate any inclination on the part of the Canadian authorities to lessen the rigor of the regulations made in 1870, as is contended by the United States, in contravention of the Treaty of 1818. No benefits have yet accrued to American fishermen, under the Treaty of Washington, ex- cept in the colonies of Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland, and for which our government has given ample favors in return. The Canadians carry a bold front, and receive the countenance of the home government. The fishery season is now fairly opened, and, of course, large numbers of American fishermen are along the coast. same time British and colonial cruisers are on the lookout, and it will not be surprising to hear of col- lisions. The Treaty of Washington, up to this time, has left the fishery question in the same unsatis- factory and critical condition it occupied two years 0. Lord Lisgar’s Official Career. The Right Honorable John Young, Lord Lisgar, G. C. B., who has just vacated the office of Governor General of Canada, is aman different in tempera- ment from his successor, Lord Dufferin. He is ex- ceedingly cool, logical and methodical in his man- ner and effort,and a British statesman of the practical school class of the late Sir Robert Peel, with whom he was a personal favorite. Lord Lisgar is the eldest son of the late Lieutenant Colonel Sir William Young, of Baileborough Castle, county Cavan, Ireland, by Lucy, daughter of the late Lieutenant Colonel Charles Frederick, of the British Army. He was born in the year 1807, succeeded to the baronetcy in 1848, and married, in 1835, Adelaide Annabella, daughter of Edward Tuite Dalton, Esq. Sir John Young represented the county of Cavan in Parlia- ment from 1831 to 1835, sitting as co-Member for Cavan with the late Henry Maxwell, afterwards Earl of Farnham. He has since served as a Lord of the Treasury (1841), Secretary of the Treasury (1844), Chief Secretary for Ireland (1852-55), Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands (1855-59), Gov- ernor General of New South Wales (1861-67). He was commissioned Governor General of Canada and Governor of Prince Edward Island in the nent 1868 and elevated to the peerage in 1870, ith his vast experience and unsurpassed clear intellect it may, e that Lord Lisgar will attain to o the very highest position under the British Jrown. i? LORD DUFFERIN'S SPEECH AT BELFAST. srssse = Se British Political System Highly Lauded— Friendly Sentiments Towards the United States—Canada in the Olympus of Nations. As a popular neighbor and landlord Lord Dufferin is regarded with favor in the part of Ireland where he resided. The feeling of the gentry was testified by a complimentary banquet given at Belfast, June 12, on the eve of the new Governor General's de- parture for Quebec. During the evening Lord Dufferin, in replying to the toast of his health, re- marked :— Constitutional government must necossarily be carried on by party. Allegiance to one’s party is the first obligation on every honorable man. Party warfare is as necessary to our political existence as those conflicting forces which hoid the world in equilibrium and refresh, and purify the face of nature, But if there is one respect in which public life in this country has the advantage of public life among other nations, itis that our statesmen, in appt themselves, have learned to respect each other. (Hear, hear.) It is that each section of the community in advocating its own option or interests is content to do so with sobriety and moderation, and that a mutual spirit of forbearance leads to the settlement of the most important questions, under conditions in which both sides can eventually acquiesce—it is that po- litical controversy seldom degenerates into per- sonal rancor—it is that when once Her Majesty has been pleased to invest one of her subjects with representative duthority—whether as a judge, an ambassador or a viceroy—no matter what may have been the vehemence of his political antecedents—his countrymen of all classes and parties are content to régard him henceforth as their common servant, champion and representative—as emancipated from all taint of political partisanship, and as actuated by a simple desire to serve the nation at large. (Applause.) It is this generosity of sentiment on the part of the British people which seems to have acted like an inspiration on the minds of those many distin- guished men whose services abroad have added so many glorious pages to our al It has purified their natures, elevated thelr aspirations, invigo- rated their intellects, until, as in the case of Lord Canning, Lord Elgin and our late lamented coun- tryman, Lord Mayo, their reputations have ex- panded beyond the anticipations of their warmest Iriends, and in dying have left behind them almost heroic memories. And how could this be other- wise? As THE SHIP HE SAILS IN slowly moves away from the familiar shore— as each well-known feature of the landscape, the bright villas, the painted spire, the plea- sant woods, the torrent beds that scar the moun- tain side gradually melt down into a single tint, and only the broad outline of his native coast at- tracts his gaze, how is it possible but that an analo- gous process should operate within his mind, and as he considers his mission and his destiny that the landmarks of home politics should grow faint, the rugged controversies which divide opinion be- come indistinct, the antagonisms of party strife recede into the distance, while their place is occupied by the aspect of a united nation which has confided its interests and its honor to his keeping, and by the image of the beloved mistress he represents and serves? It is thoughts like these, it is the consciousness that he carries with him the confidence of his countrymen, the good wishes of his friends, the favor of his Queen that compels a man to forget himself, his personality, his selfish interests and feelings, and make himself wholly his country's—which gives him courage to incur responsibility, to sustain odium, to affront danger, to sacrifice health, and, if need be, life itself at the simple ca ere AS far as such inspiriting auspices as these can Insure success, few will have left their native shores under more encouraging circumstances than myself. At all events there is one function of my great office which will prove A LABOR OF LOVE, and to the discharge of which I know I shall not be unequal, that which will consist in presenting my- self Lo our fellow subjects across the Atlantic as the embodiment and representative of that kind feeling, of that deep sympathy, of that ceaseless and inde- structible pride and affection with which all classes and all parties in this country regard the inhabi- tants of our great Dominion. Ladies and gentle- men, you are, of course, aware that the government of Canada {s strictly constitutional; that it reflects in all respects the institutions of this country, and that this resemblance is maintained not merely by the outward form of its machinery, but which is of far greater importance, by that spirit of dignified, moderate and sagacious statesmanship which inspires the conduct of those distinguished men who have successively administered her af- fairs and directed the councils of her Legislature. Why, the mere creation of the Dominion, the union of the provinces, the concentration of power in the hands of an Impertal Parliament, whose jurisdic- tion now extends from ocean to ocean, is itself a proof ofthe patriotism, of the ability and of the 01 ‘ing power of the Canadian people. It is not to be supposed but that many local INTERESTS, PREJUDICES AND TRADITIONS must have imagined themselves compromised by the absorption of the local Legislatures into the bosom of the mightier body; but not only have the wisest counsels on the subject been permitted to prevail and all minor jealousics obliterated, but even those who most vehemently opposed the arrangement, when once the controversy was con- cluded, have acquiesced in the settlement, and with a loyal and generous patriotism have done their very best to render vougatory their own misgtvii at one time found it necessary to oppose work to the best possible advantage. (Applause.) But, ladies and gentlemen, to be the interpreter of the ‘ood will of the people of Great Britain towards he tnhabitangs of Canada is not the ooiy congenial duty im} ‘upon me by my office. ere 18 an other of an analogous kind, which it will hardly ive me less pleasure to discharge. Side by side and to make the system they | the Dominion of Canada, sion; fron more than — miles, extends 7S tiene 8 TERRITORY OF A KINDRED who are working out thelr r Gestiny undoes Giver Racers See inemme oa Fadl ne imaea tos or Ok pam re om, reverence for law, tical statesmanshi; that capactiy Of self-discipline which characterize the -epeaking race. Aa the chief executive of as the representa‘ of the Brit a the servant and spokesman of all occasions whatever hospitality, cor friendliness to the citizens of the United an in spite of any momen’ and Fo ga that may trouble the outward surface thelr amity, descends too deep down into the hearts of both people even to be really shaken or dis- fetes, ud cheers.) It has been my good fortune ome of my dearest Trcuda are natives of the ends are natives States; ‘and for Teast of the pleasant antis which await me is the prospect of acqutl and becoming more intimately ac- the social and political organization and prosperous nation. (Great ap- y Dufferin concluded by saying, “Like a virgin goddess in @ primeval world stall walks in unconscious ery in her golden woods and Ey margins eee streams, Ld her radiant ag mirrored on their surfa soar: H Fits the glories awaiting ner int pals recks ae ions. the lel people, it will be le duty to exhibit on and in the Olympus of na- PROSPECT PARK FAIR GROUNDS. + The Great Trotting Contest Between Goldsmith Maid, Lucy, Henry ana American Girl To-Day. Should the weather be propitious to-day the well- known trotting clippers Goldsmith Maid, Luoy, Henry and American Girl will be present at the Prospect Park Fair Grounds to contest for the large purse of $5,000 offered by the Association, free for all horses. A field embracing these trotters has long and anxtously been looked for by the trotting commu- nity, and their appearance and the result of the race will go very far to settle the matter of their relative speed. Since the time put on record by the Maid in Milwaukee last year, which evoked such general criticism, there has been much discussion amo. turfmen regarding her reat abilities, and this was increased y her formance at Mystic Park last week; and now that on a track known to be fast her owners have at length consented that she may appear in conjunction with other trotters of known great Epes there 1s general satisfaction expressed. The interest manifested is not alone in connection with Goldsmith Maid’s appearance in this section of the Union, but it ts eatly increased re; pouty Lucy, Henry and merican Girl, and perhaps it may be the fact that atthe last momentin the betting the Maid will almost be ignored, and the many ventures made be entirely with the other horses regardin; second place, for itis a mooted question which the three has most foot. At least, with pleasant weather and a good track, the Prospect Park Fatr Grounds to-day will present an appearance of anl- mation and gayety equalled but once in its history— that of the spring meeting in 1869, when American Girl, with a large field to contend against, beat the then Queen of the Turf, Lady Thorn. At that time there were present 10,000 spectators, and the strug- gle for supremacy between the competitors ful repaid all for their presence. Pools were sold on this event last night at the rooms of Messrs. Marshall & Johnson, Broadway and Twenty-eighth street. The attendance was very large and the Pence spirited. The character of this venturing will be found as under GOLDSMITH MAID VS. THE FIELD. Goldsmith Maid..... $80 85 410 The Field...... » 20 20 100 WITHOUT THE MAID. Lucey. $25 30 2 American Girl. ~nh 10 8 Henry....... . 10 10 8 American Girl. -$25 805 2 Henry...... . a a HORSE NOTES. Harry Bassett and Longfellow. Go where you will you hear the coming race be» tween Harry Bassett and Longfellow talked of and greatly speculated upon. Colonel McDaniel an@ & few friends visited old John Harper two days ago at the latter’s stable to talk about the coming race, and “feel” the old man as to his opinion of the re- sult of the contest, the condition of Longfellow and other matters of interest to themselves. Colonel McDaniel, it is sald, told Harper that Harry Bas- sett would win sure; to which assertion the old man replied that “Longfellow would run quarter races all the way,”” meaning that the pace would be at quarter-race speed “from eend to eend.’” McDaniel and Harper are both sanguine of winning, each believing that he has the fastest horse that ever was in this country; but neither really knows the exact racing calibre ofthe other. The coming contest will decide the mooted point. Betting is already heavy on the race, and will continue to be until the race is decided. The new French system of pools has been opened on the event by Theodore Moss at 71 East Thirteenth street. There are about thirty stables of racehorses at Monmouth Park,numbering more than one hundred and twenty-five clippers, that are prepared to oon-, tend in the purses and stakes. A great feature of this meeting will be the steeple-chases and hurdle Traces, as there are more “ cross-country" horses now at Monmouth Park, than were ever congregated atany racecourse on this continent before. Ten horses flying over stonewalls and hedges will bea grand sight to witness, and we expect to see them in the first race on Saturday afternoon. The Quickstep Park Trotting Association, at Toledo, Ohio, commence their July meeting on the 2d and continue it three days. They give $1,300 in eight purses, judiciously arranged, and they, no doubt, will have a successful meeting. That section of country seems to be overrun with fast horses, as eighty-four have entered for the prizés. Foreign Horse Notes. Mr. Chaplin claimed Como after winning the trial stakes at Ascot. Hour Glass broke his leg while running in the Ascot stakes, Lord Calthorpe has given notice that he will move at the next meeting of the Jockey Club that after the 31st of August the lowest weights in all handi- caps shall be 6 stone 7 1bs., or 91 Ibs. terling has been struck out of all his engage- ments, and his prospects of achieving fame asa cup horse appear to have gone forever. ‘he number of horses that ran in the 28 races at Ascot was 195, considerably below the usual average. THE ORANGE PARAD! The Police Commissioners yesterday granted per mission to the Orangemen to hold their annuay parade on the 12th of July. The following is the communication sent to the Board on the subject:— New York, June 26, 1872, To tae Boarp or Poticr :— ‘The undersigned hereby gives notice that the members of Prince of Orange District No. 1, Loyal Orange Instita- U. 3. A., consisting of about 5,00 with the object and purpose of celebrating the anniversary of civil 0 religious liberty, intend, on the 1th day of tO. form recession — in fayette place, right on Eighth street, at eleven o'clock A. M., and move’ through Lafayette place to Eighth street, ‘from Eighth street to Broadway, trom Broadway to Union square, round Washington Monument, to rth ave- nue, teenth street, to Irving place and Lexington avenue, to Twenty-third street, to Madison avenue, to Thirty to rth atreet and Fifth Avenue: fo, retarn down avenue to Tenth street, to Broi , Jones street, to 327 Bowery’ and then dismiss. A po- lice escort will be required. ‘The matter of the police arrangements has been left to the Superintendent of Police, who will issue the necessary instructions in a few days. ALLEGED SWINDLING. The Results of Purchasing in a “Pig in a Bag” Fashion. Hiram Westbrook, said to be a resident of Ridge- way, N. J., was arraigned at the Yorkville Police Court yesterday afternoon on a charge of false pre- tences. In January last Mr. John Mathews, of 212 West Forty-eighth street, gave a horse and har- ness, worth $3,000, to the accused in Meck te for a farm, which he described to be well located and in a high state of cultivation, This mode! farm was to be found, according to the representations made by Westbrook to Mathews, who had not as yet seen it, exact within a ‘stone’s throw of the Dingham ferry, Delaware township, State of Pennsylvania, When Mathews went a short time ago to look at his farm he found it was nowhere near thatferry, and, which was worse than all, it was so wild and good for nothing that even a moun- tain goat could not eke out an existence upon it. Mathews returned to this city and caused the arrest of Westbrook by Oficer McWilliams on a warrant. The prisoner was held for examination. Hardly had he been committed, however, when another and @ similar complaint was entered against him by a livery stable ag named Henry 8. Dowdell, of 136 Sullivan street. From this gentleman the accused succeeded in obtaining three horses with harness and carriages, in all worth $1,400, in ex- change for the same farm at Dingham's ferry. The case Will be *>kKen uo for eXamizution next Friday = est