The New York Herald Newspaper, February 8, 1872, Page 5

Millions of Skeletons at the Bottom of the Sea. WONDERS OF THE WEST INDIAN ISLANDS, Beautifal Tempest-Defying Creatures Dancing on the Crests of the Waves. SCIENCE AT SEA. UniTEp Srares Coast SURVSY STEAMER HAssuER, PERNAMBUCO, Jan. 16, 1872, At ten o'clock on the morning of December 22 we get under way and steamed out of St. Thomas har- ber. The United States frigate Shawmut, whicn ‘Was here on our arrival, had departed at daybreak Yor Bamana Bay, carrying our letters, which were ‘there to be transferred to the Tybee, a mail steamer Yenuing between New York and 8t. Domingo city. Our course was nearly due south, as we intended to make anumber of soundings in tne channel between Bt. Thomas and Santa Cruz. We were, however, surprised and disappointed to find on getting out- mide that the strong easterly trade wind prevalent there had produced a short, chopping sea, which caused so much motion in the vessel as to preclude Bny possibility of work, We steamed straight ahead, however, trusting to find quieter waters in | ‘he negzhborhood of Santa Cruz. As we proceeded ‘the outline of the hills grew more and more indis- timot, the lights and shadows on their sides be- Came blended and softened into one uniform tint and the whole island seemed to sink with a barely perceptible motion into the sea. For several hours, however, on looking back we could plainly discern the eastern of the three divisions of the town, Which ts opposite the mouth of the harbor, and could catch the reflection of the sun from its white Sottages as they stood out in relief against the dark background of the mountain, until they became microscopic in size and then faded out of sight. As We receded, off to the westward SAIL ROCK #© closely resembled a ship with all ber canvas spread that it was not difficult to velieve the legend which we had heard at St. Thomas of a certain valiant Dutchman who, during one of the mavy Ware involving the West Indies, had bombarded it furtously from midnight till dawn without discover- ing its true navure. About noon we sighted the weat- orn extremity of Santa Cruz, the distance between | 6 and St. Thomas being only thirty miles. At five P. M. we stopped and took our first sounding, at a Mistance of four or five miles from the coast and in from 400 to 600 fathoms of water. A description of the apparatus employed and the method of using M, both of which are believed to include all the latest and best improvements, may not be uninter- eating. ‘The ship is furnished with an auxiliary engine, situated on the main deck, forward, supplicd with steam from the main boller, and especially adapted for reeling in the line, It has two oscillating cylin- fiers, seven inches by seven inches, which, taking into.consideration the high pressure of the steam Used, give 1t ample power for the service required, In hoisting only a few turns of the lime are taken pronna the winch end of the engine and as it comes it tg cotled away on iron cranes in the gangway, pet crane containing about two hundred fathoms. ‘he old pian was to have the line on one larze reel, Worked directly by a small engine, This was tound have mauy disadvantages, the principal one that to hold sufficient lino of the size re- ns so large that hot be used on board @ small vessel wita- Sut great inconvenience, Another objection to tis Jan Was the fact that as wie line was wound in it tinually increased the size of the cylinder, ereby requiring more power from the engine to surn it. About three thousand fathoms of line are Sonetantly kept on deck, in 200 fathom coils, han, ‘2g on the small iron cranes previously mentioned. The lead always let go from the ship, i sag more convenient to keep the bow than the rm over @ fixed pr ed over the how at an angle of forty-five de- supported by a topping-lift aud guys. On is Doom is & etroug wooden hoop, called u “travel- ee and seized to It 1s a large ‘*bull’s eye.” To this it could fastened a pendant of four and a half inch janila, which then goes through a block at the masthead and down to the deck, where tt is hooked | fmto an apparatus called ao “accumulator.” This ponaists of a number of rubber springs bo arranged as to reileve the sounding line of any sudden strains caused by the pitching of she ship in a sea-way. To the end of the pendant, t below tae boom, 18 hooked a large leadlag lock, through which the sounding line passes, When preparing ior a cast in deep water @ hun- dred pouna lead 1s first attached to the line, aud then one of Massey’s iniicators, which records the depth by meaus of the revolutions of a wicel, Above these come the sell-registeriag thermometers, About four hundred fathoms of line are coiled @own on the deck, carelully, fr quick running. After this amount 18 out the speed becomes muol slower, 60 that the coils can be taken from the cranes And kept clear of turus by acouple of meu. It Ws diMicult to determine by the line the exact time at which the lead arr erally in deep water one hundred fathoms or more additional run out alter the lead has struck, dn dredging the saine line and apphances are used, except that the lead 1s attached avout eight or ten Jeet avove the dredge, and no indicators or ther- mometers are used. In the soundings taken Banta Cruz the average time in reeling im the line ‘was about five and a half minutes to each one oun- area tathoms ‘Their result showed the entire appa- Fatus to be in periect working condition, ‘The buttom, at the distance ot three miles from | the western extremity of Suuta Cruz, was found to Consist of toramiuerous sand, or sand composed almost exclusively of ‘THE SKELETONS or shells of millions of defunct animals, each of which was formerly a microscopic mass Of flesh or earcode, They have the proper trem han alah ie water nace aaa me 4 em. oir OWN use, Jorm. oaholtied akewstons, which have beea lately found to cover niue-tenths of the bea of the North Auantic, which have bullt up the vast chalk forma- , extending over continents, sometimes under- lying the tertiary deposits aud again coming to the war! In England they constitute the celebrated North ‘and South Downs in Surrey and the immense ranges Of hills which skirt tne coast. Some idea of their inuteness May be couceived when we remember at it has been estimated that a single ounce of puch sand contains 3,800,000 individuals, In the cimens of bot obtained by the North Pacitic ploring Expedition these foramentera were very Fare,. siliceous spicules of sponges and shells of diatoms predominating, so that it would seem as If While we are having & calcareous deposit in one ocean, in the other it 18 principally siliceous, Sibi J to our late arrival at the harbor of Frede- richatacd morning bat litte opportunity was afforded for see- ing the islana, but as it was bright moonlight a small party of us went ashore and were amply re- warded for our trouble. We were hospitabiy enter- tained by some Of the gentiemen of the town, and subsequently strolled ‘or some distance out on one of the broad, even, firm roads, which, we learned, wero common throughout the island. On this occasion We first made acqaiutance witn TUB VOISUNOUS MANCHINERL Sees mancinelia) about which such wae are told, of persons who expired wulle monn beneath ite shade; of crabs feeding on its 8 becoming themselves prisoners; of in- sanity produced by ite ‘‘milk’’ falling nd many Others equally mythical. There is no @oubt, however, that the juice of this plant ts a werful epipiastic, producing intense irritation of y portion of the cutaneous surface te which 1 Is applied. The righ properties are those of an ‘o-narcotic, but there seems to ve no definite forormation as to its exact physiological effects or Sta possivie medicinal applications, In the course of our conversation on that evening ‘We wero surprised to learn of the existence of a frosh- water spring on the summit of one of the Dilis, where there was no possible water shed above i, and no higher laud which might serve as bray nearer than Porto Rico, & distance of seven- of withdrawin, on the head, -fve or oighty milcs, with an intervening lepth of two thousand fathoms of sea, js & most nupusual and remarkable fact, but we believe it can be depented upon, as it was imparted to us by a gentleman of considerabie sctentiic attainments and large business connes- Yons, who bad resided In the is.and for years. He Rady no satisiactory explauation to offer, the exist ence of a submarine aqueduct between Porto Rico and Santa Croz seeming simost iupossibie, while the uniform flow of tne spring eliminated the theory that it was forved srom some lesser reservoir by volcanic action. On the morning of the 23d we left the harbor at M., aud started on a southenst by east cours Ping tO make Rio Janeiro our nex’ stoppin} lace. The weather was very sqnaily, the win high and the sea extremely rough, We steam or ng. on that dav and the next without anything & Moment occurring, Early on Christmas morn- 4 We came iu sight of the lsiand of Montserrat, Foun Presented to us on its leeward side a large, naed peak, looking gray and hazy ander TUE PAINT MOONLIGHT, Ala quarter to mx A. M. loupe on the starboard how and 1 he channel between it and Desi- ittle island, which was first one dia- br Columnas on his second voyage. di ran UL thr faae, a We aie povered ing red i great dicptns necessitated the employ- | of a ‘ives Upon the bottom, and gen. , ff | colored one, it becomes evident that taat amount of and our early departure on the following | ‘This | NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1872—TRIPLE SHEET. of the solid rock breakers came tn @ jet of water would be thrown up at some distance fuland, apparently with con- siderabie force. tigua, which we leit to wind- ard, is an irregular, fat island, without any great elevation, alchough it, like most of the others, is jcanic. That afternoon, while we were still ‘ 4 ni The sea and wind continued very nigh, and we Were not sorry to sight Barbados at about twenty minutes past five P. M. ihe following 4 We ran down along the west coast to Carlisle Bay, on which Bridgetown, the capital of the isiand, is ginaeeg, and anchored at half-past ten » M. The next morning the necessary repairs were commenced, and were not completed until the afternoon of the 29th, | During this time numerous excursions were made | into the surrounding country, and specimens of the | fish, lizards, butierfiles, &c., were obtained. We had previously read that Barbados was one | of the most densely populated localities im the | World, ana we had tliat fact fully impressed upon us while we remained there, The numerous of- | fers of assistance at St. Tuomas had been rather embarrassing; but the St. Thomas negroes were juiet, Modest anu unobtrusive when compared with the Barbadiens. The streets were flied, literally, with hundreds who seemed to have no other occu- | pation than to coax, cajole or intimidate strangers to bestowing upon them some gratuity, A mo- menv’s pause in our pI through the town would bring dowd upon Us @ swarm of men and pore and @ dozen or two dilapidated cabs, drawn I SORROWFUL-LOOKING HORSES and surmounted by vociferous negroes, who seemed to have absorbed the spirit and energy which should bave belonged to their steeds. The greasy, frayed cushions, baking in the sun, and the general superabundance of dust, dirt and—negro made these equlpages particularly uninviting, and we usually adopted a more primitive method of progression, The island itself is very beautiful, its surface being diversified by @ succession of hills and val leys, gorges and ravines, Narrow streamiets, di nified by the name of river run th ough it and fur- nish a plentiful supply of fresh water. More than nine-tonths of its area is under culti- | vation, the principal products being sugar, cotton and arrowroot. It was settied about two hundred | and filty years ago, by @ London merchant, and has | | ever since ocen in the possession of tne British. | | Barthquakes and hurricanes of the most vioient | character have {requeutly devastated its flelas and | laid low its cities and forests. The last great one ‘Was in 1831, and caused the loss of upwards of five thousand lives and $80,000,000 worth of property. On the 27th of Apri 1812, an eruption took piace from a crater situated in the Island of St, Vincent, eighty miles to leeward, which was followed on the succeeding day in Barbados by & shower of im- perpanle black dust, causing complete darkness; y acessation of the strong easterly trade wind | that prevails there, and by subsidence of the | surt on the shore, these phenomena lasting lor sev- eral hours and causing the utmost distress and con- | sternauion among the inhabitants. A detailed and highly grapnio account of this explosion and its con- sequences 18 given by the Key. Charlies Kingsicy in his “Christmas in the West Indies” luvely publisned, Barbados offers many inaucements to those who | are in the habit, trom nece:sity or ior pleasure, of | Spending their’ winters tn the tropics. The atr 18 clear, dry and invigorating, the temperature not too elevated, the sea bathing almost unequalled, the cost of living very trifling, and altogether it isa spot which should be more widely known and ap- | preoiated by invalids or by thelr medicai advisers, At one place, near Bridgetown, called Hastings, ato nouses have been erected at 4 point where a coral reef forms A NATURAL BARRIEB AGAINST SITARKS, and encloses a wiue semi-circular basin in which the water 13 80 clear, the peach so firm and the sand 80 | ‘white tbat we could imagine no possible improve- Ment for bathing purposes. On the atternoon of | the 29th, the repairs to the machinery having been | finished, we ran five or 81x miles up the west coast to Sandy Bay, wuere we spent the rest of that day | and the whole of the next. While there some most novel and interesting ob- servations were made on a subject which bas hitherto been involved in doubt and conjecture, and | Which has been abgolu‘ely destitute o! any scientific | data from which to reason. The quesuion of tne | presence or absence of lignt in the ocean at great } @epths 1s one which, from the mystery which sur- rounded it, rom the apparent impossibility of ar- riving at any positive determination regarding it, | | and especially trom the intrinsic importance of the | subject, bas always stimalatea the minds and ex- cited the imagination of philosophers, Various unwarranted assumptions have been made, but should always have veen consiiered: as Pure hypotheses. Maury. inghis “Physical Geog- raphy of the Sea,” speaking of the foramenifera, calls them ‘saniess wrecks,’ “suniess treasures,’’ | &G., and asserts that they could not lave lived at | the’bottow of tne sea, because “tney would have had no light,’ but he has no autnority for any such positive declarations, and mace the mistake com- | mon to many scientifo observers of ADVANCING OPINIONS 43 FACTS. The first and only reaily logical and traly scien- ig the one invented by Dr. Thomas Hull, 6; dent or Antioch and Harvard Volloges, who accom- Panied this expedition as chief physicist. His ap- paratus consists of & pair of porcelain plaves— | one white, the other lead-colored. Before we Started these piates had been taken into a dark | room and illuminated by a ray of lignt, passing through @ leas, They were then moved, wail to the eye of an observer they became of ex- actly the same shade, Lhe white oae then being, of | course, the further removed. Tne difference be- | tween their distances from the focal point of the | lens was then taken, ana by a simple calculation the amount of ilzht which was reflected from either, taking the other ag unity, was deterimiued, Having these data their practical application was as follows:—The plates were taken out in one of the | | ship's boats on the afternoon of December 30, and | were lowered into the water, each supported by a separate wooden frame, 80 batanced that they always presented their flat surfaces upwards, resi- } ‘They were then observed through a marine telescope = and ther disiances adjusted until they secmed of exactly the same | suade. ‘The difference between these depths was | | then taken. Now, a8 we know how much ‘moro | | lignt the waite plato reflects thau aoes the lead- | ght is absorbed in passing througn the distance | of water fatervening between the two plates and back again to ® level with the upper one, A series of such obeervations was madejat different levels, and it was (ound that the apparatus could be worked with ewe and accuracy. A greater numberof experiments mast be made, especially on the Pacific coast, before the results can be finally | set forth, butenough was done on this occasion to demonstrate the entre practicability ol acquiring in the future sonie detinite anu satisfactory kuowl- edge ou tne sunject. ‘he dredging operations at Sandy Bay were very successiul, resulting in the acquisition of a large ' number of spectmens. There 14 4 pleasure in tals kind of work, derived from the element of ancer- tainty which necessarily enters into it, and distinct | | from the mere scientific interest, The dreqge may | return to you empty, or it may bring up, dislodged | from their refuge thousands of feet iow, mol- lusKs, supposed to have long since become ex- tinct; radiates, the like of which were NEVER BEFORE SERN BY HUMAN EyRs, or sponges or corals, Cataiogued in some museum tiftc plan ever devised for investigating this subject | | side that cold ocean current, Continental shores tive, the speaker’s interest in tne subject being as intense as his Knowledge of it1s profound. In con- ly of coal we have been buco harbor, where ing, and which we will leave probably this afternoon. We have had no sickness or trouble of any sort since we left. THE METEOROLOGY AND CURRENTS OF THE OCEAN. Lecture in Providence by Professor Themp- son B. Maury—A Startling Physico-Histeric Parallel—A Review of the Climatic Theory of Dr. Carpenter, ef England—Dr. Peter- mann’s Views Upheld. PROVIDENCE, R. I., Feb. 7, 1872, Alecture on the highly important anda popular doctrine of “Oceanic Meteorology and Circulation” was delivered here to-night before the Franklin | Society and the Mechanics’ Association, by Pro- | fessor Thompson B, Maury. Our crowded space, | We regret, will not permit us to give more than an Outline of the lecture. The lecturer commenced by saying :—The history of science, like that of nations, often repeats itsell. It is now little more than a century since Franklin published his celebrated chart of tne Gulf Stream, While Commisstoner 'n London for the colonies his attention had been called to it by the Boston mer- chants. They had complained to the Lords of the Treasury that the Falmouth packets were generally @ fortnight longer to Boston tnan common traders ‘were from London to Providence, R. I. This singu- lar anomaly in navigation he finally discovered was accounted for by the simple fact that the Rhode Island captains were acquatuted with the Guit | Stream, while tnose of the English packets were | Not, and that the English kept im the stream and | Were set back fifty or sixty miles a day, while the Americ an seamen avoided 1t altogether. In the divinely appointed order of creation the waters of the earth appeared before “tne dry 1and,” and in the order of physical inquiry THE PHYSICS OF THE SEA Must first be clearly apprehended and positively settied before we can ever hope to comprehend or even intelligently investigate the physics of ue air. The aqueous ocean lies fully exposed to our view. We may sound its depths with the Instruments of modern ingenuity, id measure the velocity and volume of its curreni-, and even register its Udal pulsations. But the aerial ocean is all in- visible, We live at its bottom. No aeronaut has ascended to iis upper strata, We know by ac- tual observation jess o1 its vaster and sublime movements than the condor of the Andes, soaring above the heights of ine Chimborazo. We are as | unconscious of these lofiier movements as the lie less animaicules, the diatoms of foraminifera sleeping in the siimy caves of the Atlantic olf Cape Hatieras are of the majestic Gulf Stream rolling above them until we read the laws of tne invisible | ether in the regular circulation of the visible waters of the giobe. In a word, 1i we have not found out that which 13 scen how shail we explain the unseen? I am, therefore, compelled to deviate from your pro- gramme and discuss to-night the circulation of the sea. But, in the very outset, we are met by the popular theories of the day, wiich utterly deny circulation to the ocean, and regard 1ts most marked and mighttest arteries—iis Gulf Streams and ils Kuro Siwos—not as co-ordinate parts in a marvellous piece of created mechanism, but as partial, frag- mentary and purposeless—the merest disjecla memobra, A8 the march of civilization has been directed to the extreme northwest of the United Siaies, 1b has con- tunually siumbled upon new discoveries of a more generous soil and a more genial clime than the most sanguine had ever dreamed of. Scurcely had the engineer and the emigrant penetrated to: the nead waters Of the great Missourl, on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, om the frontiers of British America and nortiwestward, when, to their amazement, they entered the cele. brated ‘4ertile belt’? und the “mild winter belu? of geograpners, where the caitie of Montana flourish 1n midwinter in the upen aud almost snows less fields and enjoy @ perpetual pasture, willo stil further to the northwest opened on the aston. ished vision of the explorer the fair valleys and watersneds of the Columbia River and tty oributa- ries—a vast, proufic and saiubrious country, exten ing northwestwaru to the Pacific, and already coming an empire in itsell. Tuis great physico-bii toric paralie! between Northwestern Europe and Northwestern America, a3 we shall presently see, 1g manilestiy due to the relations (hey both sustain to the moist aud vapor-laden sea Winds that forever sweep over them and “drop down fatness” upon | their soil, and to the warm ocean curreats which forever wash their shores, After enumerating the theories of oceanic circula- tion put forth by Dr. Carpenter and Mr. Findlay, of England, Proiessor Maury proceeded to show that at, Findiay’s and Dr. Carpenter's hypothesis of the Aioppage of tue Guif Siream at Newfound. land was overthrown by the surface-temperature observations of Admiral irminger, of the Danish navy; vy the thermometric records ot Commander Chimmo and Captain Inglefoeld, of Kngland, and Others. ite demonstrated the fatal inconsistency of Mr. Findlay: first, 19 allowing that tne *“gentie’? Wade winds crea'e the Gull Siream and cause it to dow as far as Newloundland, while he leit ont of view the lacc that the anti-trade or southwest | | passage winds, of greater violence than the trades, hed 0 LO ACL UPON Cie stream before it reached New- foundiand, ava prone it Norway; second, in ignoring such propulsive wer to the southwese auti-trades, while he (Mr. ‘indiay) Ciaims that they, and they aloue, produce the warm climate of Kngiand, The speaker next snowed that the climate of Ham mersfest aud the North Cape of Norway was 80 warm In iitd-winter that no instance is re- corded of the must northerly Norwegian haroors ug frozou up, and the same was true of British lumola and Soutnern Alaska; while in the sixth century the Euxine sea‘had been closed to naviga- tion twice in the aonals of Flanders; wine was cat with hatchets and sold in the Jump; 1n 1703 ice had Diocked the harbor of Copenhagen; in liv4 Pichegru’s whole army had encamped on the frozen Sea of Holland, while the Zuyder Zee, tue Heilespout and even the Mediterranean ports of Marseilles and Genoa bad been SEALED BY THE FROST KING. As to the recently advanced notion of one of Mr. Findlay’s converts in this country that the tenpera- ture of the air controis that of the sea, and not vice versa, the argument of Humboldt, based on nis discovery of the cold Peruvian current, was quoted, whieh proved conclusively that the atios- Phere at Callao de Lima was _ iwelve de- grees colder than in the same latitude out- which have the ocean to the windward of them, though swept by the winds, are not necessarily warmed, but only as these winds are vapor-iaden from having previously passed over a warm water surface which has readily parted witn its moisture by ex- cessive evapuration. Meteorologic law shows that storins follow in the track of hot water currents, aud thus it 18 found by the Cunard steamers that areas of low atmospheric pressure continually chase ch other in their ship Isne across tne Atlantic om Aimerica to Bugland. To this faci—at- ing the extension of the Gulf Stream to North- western Europe—are due the fearful delays now experienced by the transatiantic sveam- ships on their westward voyages from Liv- erpool to New York, sometimes, as in the case of the Britannia the other day, occupy- ing over thirty days. They were steaming against tho jurlously-biowing southwest wind, which so mightily assisted the Gull Stream in its nortueast as unique and regarded with envy by all natorai- ists, In the present instance ae amply com- There wére some very romania 8 akin to tnose of the cretaceous or chalk perida, when their siliceous spicules prubavly formed the nuciel of the flints found in that formation. There were a few smali corals of various spe porites | &c., and one madrepore found in shallower water. The crinoids were represented frag! of pentocrinites, by one comatula and by a | species probaoly entirely new. There was a great variety of exiremely beautiful ophuira: Ca afew | getuind star fisnes. Among the Zhu which many were obtained, was a new species uy classe, anc one of the Spat also to those of the chalk deposits. A great number of j shells was obtataed, amony them representatives of | wonera, Very rare 1D Museuins, and, most unexpected | Of all, @ living plewrotomaria, in addition there | was a host of crabs, shrimps, &c., the Pagusus, or hermi!t-crab, Co in point of numbers, We reluctantiy left this rich dredging ground on the aiternooa of December ran down the coast Tagg at Carlisle Bay. re We |ect tie Gov- ernor, Rawson W. Rawson, and the American Consul, Mr. R. T. Holley, who had accompanied us to Sanay Bay and buth of whom had exercised the bere hospitality towards us auring our stay ad rbados, We then resumed our journey, stood out to sea and at haif-past seven took our departure om Nesanam Point Light, setting our course at For the next two weeks we were land, and tor the greater portion of | retarded by head winds and a very rough sea, | though 1p other ouiars the weather wae very fine. Un January 2 we saw our first Physalia, or Por- \uguese Man-ol- War, and subsequently observed num- bers of these beautilul little creatures dancing on the crests of the Waves or Noating peacefully in the trough of the sea. Their various appliances adapt- ing them to their mode of existence aud maki them capable, delicate and fragile as male are, 0! jong been Out of sight of this time vee Outridiog the most furious tompesta, have cited among THR WONDERS OF NATURE Creats, acting as sails and furied orexpanded at will; Song feelers, securing and paralyzing their prey, or, by floating to winaw serving as anohors, and true digestive pouches, dependent trom the abdo- men and emptying their contents into the main oavity of the body, are among the most remarkabie of these, Standing on the coast of Florida Prof Agqassia once observed a jelly Heh fail a he dist eof aixty feet, to waton at the distance of 3 ion comparativ: enormous length it had extended its feelers, Nag On the morning of ay the Professor de- livered his second quarte: oture upon the subject of ‘“Gompound Animals,’ especially interesting t us irom the fact t they have formed, aad will continue to [pm oe Grea resalt of our dredgt: Tt is n ese remark that st waa notb en and instrye- sated for the labor, as may seen by & briet | called i Front it I the contents of the dredge in a “AN ARRIAL GULF STREAM.” } Dat dee fait nade at various depths, r; 7 from twenty to ohe hundréd 7 ee ging Nothing could be more conclusive than was this | pee course, and which Mr. Glaisher, the acronaut, had observed flying over England, 80 warm and moist from the Gulf Stream exhatauion below, that he had aerial gulf stream, which gave the balloovist a bot Vapor bath, high up to the clouds, of the real aque- us Gulf stream, to which it owed its pumidity ana heat. The main argument was against Dr. Car- Penter’s dogina, that if the Gulf Stream was di- verted through the Isthmus of Panama end Tehuante- English climate would not be impaired, Just as Fapidiy as the uatortal water of the Atlantie Is heated by Wl aun it is brushed or Fasped away to the westward into the (Ca- Tibuean Sea and the Gall of Mexico, and the lerschel, Austed and others had suggested, would certainly make an outlet for ai) the warm equatorial water. The consequence could only be that the Gull Stream would flow in to the Pacific, and not toward England. There could be but one result, the reduction of Buglish temperature and climate to that of Labrador or Northern Canaua, towards Eagland and | government in this State is or is not @ mere privi- the tan. | mors or submergence of Isthmian America, as | The lecture was beautifuiiy iliustraved by large colored charts and oe me showing ai! the latest Giscoveries in the Arctic Ocean. THE WESTERN SNOW BLOOKADE. Soffering of Passengers on the Pacific Rail- Men Complaining of the Delay as Ruinous and Request Better Food- Mepic1xz8 Bow, Wyoming Territory, Feb. 7, 1872. The wind is subsiding and one train has reached Percy, There ts one stuck on Simpson Ui.!, and the Others are preparing to move in that direction, A train load of provisions, furnished by the govern- ment, 18 now en route from Fort Steel to Percy for the passengers, Superintendent Sicktes ts at Lookout station with SJorce of men, and reports that the ou'4 are ail fll Of snow and it 1s useless tu work whiie the wind bio’ patches irom points west of Kawtings provisions are vecoming short. Inolading Eastera bank. 2 station ting to get them through as soun as poss! bie, representing further delay as ruinous to their business and Ne Agere ort ait ne eneral assurance that they will be gotten through ae soon as possibie, Oud that their train will not be start inless Viotnatled for ten 8 and preceded by a snow pigugn and work train and & good force of men, The sun is ROW shining apd Warm; giight preezes THE JERSEY OLIGARCHY. Governor Parker on the Situation. He is Confident the Legislature Will Give Re- lief—Are Municipal Commissions Constitu- tiqnal !—Decision of the Michigan Su- preme Court—Local Self-Gov- ernment Vindicated. Arepresentative of the HBRALD called on Gover- nor Parker at the Executive Chamber in Trenton on Tuesday to ascertain his views on the condition ofthe serfs in Jersey City, After some conversa- ton about old assoctations in Freehold the Governor abruptly opened the conversation on municipal affairs in Jersey City in this fasnion:— “Ihave read the "1ERALD very attentively for months past, especially 1ts exposé of the frauds per- petrated by the commissions in Jersey City. The taxpayers must be in a sad condition there.”” RePorTeR—You have scarcely any conception of tt, To those living outside Jersey City the magni- tude and frequency of these frauds are too astound- ing for belief. GovERNOR—Well, what are your people golag to dothere now? I understand there are several batches of amendments to the charter. Those pre- sented by the Citizens’ Association, I suppose, are of more importance and cali for more attention than the others, REPORTER—The only remedy in the case that will give satisfaction is the repeai of the charter, GovarNoR—Bat do you think that this can be done at this session? REPORTER—Not very likely. The people of Jerscy City have not much cenfidence in the Legislature. Their confidence in that body last year was grossly | misplaced, The taxpayers are now looking to the Grand Jury. GoveRNoR—Oh, yes; [learn that the frauds are being investigated, and that the Grand Jury com- prises some of the best citizens of the place. But I do not see any cause for want of confidence in the Legislature. I have great faith in the Legisiature, and when the case of the Jersey Oity people is fairly put before it I believe that some good amendments will be passed. You know my views on these commissions. They were pretty plainly given in my inaugural address, I nave not the slightest douvt thatthe people of Jersey City have been taxed quadruple the fair amount, And ch the forbearance of the people has been wonder- a Rerortex—Have you read the decision of the Supreme Court of Micbigan on the consututionality of munici»al commissions ¢ GOVERNOR—NOt yet, though I have seen some al- lusiuns to it, I think it would ve an excellent thing If that were publisned. It covers the case, | under- stand, completely. Alter some further conversation the reporter thanked the Governor and left, the Governor re- peating significantly, ‘If any more legislation of hat class shoutd be attempted you know exactly what my course will be.’ ‘The HERALD represencative afterwards had a con- versation with several members of both houses of the Legislature, Some of the republicans are heartlly asnamed Of “the thieves’ charter” of Jersey City, and expressed @ wulingness Lo at least purge 1vof its obnoxious features, The charter did nos find a single defender. ‘The lollowing passages from the decision of the Supreme Court of Michigan, rendered py Judge Cooley and concurred in by Judges Campbell and Christiancy on the 29tn of November last, possess a deep interest for the people of Jersey Uity, as tne decision may be app.ted to any State in the Union. Awrit of quo warranio was vrought against the Board of Water Commissioners of Detroit, ap- winted by the State Legisiature, and the Court eld that the Legislature had no constitutional power to appoint to oitices of this Kind, tne auues and eutnority of which are purely local. “We have,’’ said Judge Cooiey, “‘vefore us a legisiative act creating a new voard, Which is to exercise a cousideravie share of the authority usually pos- sessed by oflicers locally chosen, to have general charge of the city buildings, property and local conveniences, to MAKE CONTRACTS for public works on behalf of the city, and to do many things of @ legislative character waich gen- erally the Common Councils of cices alone are authorized todo, Lhe Legisiature nas created this Board, and it has appoiated its mempers, and both the One and the other have been done under a@ claim of right which, unless I mis- understand it, would justify that body in taking to itself ihe cnure and exclusive government Of whe city and the appointment of all its oficers, excepting Only the judicial, for which, by the con- stitution, Other provision is expressiy made. And the question BROADLY AND NAKEDLY STATED can be nothing short of this, whether local self- lege conceded by the Legisiature in its discretion, and which can be withdrawn at any time at pleas- ure? J state the question thus proadly because, not- withstanding the able arguments made in this case aud aiter mature delioerauon, I can conceive of NO ARGUMENT IN SUPPORT of the legislative authority which will stop short of this plenary atid sovereign right. Now, 1t must ve conceded that Lhe judiciai Gecisions and law writers generally assert that the State creates the munict- pal bodies, endows them with suca of tue functions ol corporate Ife, and entrusts them with such suare in the local government as to she legislative judg- ment Shall Seem Dest; that tt controls and reguiates \eir acuon while they exisc, subjects them to such changes as puvlic policy may dictate, and abolishes them at discretion; tn short, that the corporate cities are mere agencies which the State employs for the convenience ol government, clothing them for tne time being with @ portion of its sovereignty, but recalling the Wnole or any part thereof whenever the necessity or usefulness of the delegation is no longer apparent. tus { understand to ve THE ACCEPTED THEORY of State constitutional law as regards the municipal governments, We seldom have occasion to inquire whether this amplitude of legislative authority 1s or 48 not Woo strongly expressed, for the reason that ite exercise is generally confined within such bounds a3 custom fas pointed out, sO that no question 18 made concerning tt; but such maxims of goverment are very seldom true in anytning more thana gen- eral sense: they never are und never can oe liter- ally accepted in practice, Our conatitution as- sumes the existence of counties and townships, aud evidentiy contemplates that the State shall continue to be subdivided as it has hitherto been. But it no- where expressly provides that any portion of the State shail have county or township organizations, It names certain officers which are to be chosen for these subdivisions, aud confers upon the people the right to choose them. But i does not im general detine their duties nor in terms preciude the Legisiature irom establishing Rew offices and giving to the incumbents the gene- Tal management of municipal affairs. If, therefore, no restraints are imposed upon legislative discretion beyond those specifically stated, the township end county governments of any portion of the State might be abolished and the people be subjected to the rule of commissions appointed at the capital. The people of cach portion might thus be kept in a state Of pupllage and DEPENDENCE TO ANY EXTENT and for any period of time the State might choose, ‘The doctrine that within auy general grant of legis- Jauuve power by the constitution there can be found auibority thus to take from the people the manage- ment of their local concerns and tne chotce directly or indirectly of their local officers, if practically as- serted, would be somewhat STARTLING TO OUR PEOPLE, and would be likely to lead hereaiter to @ more care- fal scrutiny of the charters of government framed by them, lest some time, by an inadvertent use of words, they mignt be found to have conferred upon some agency of their own the legal authority to vake away vheir liberties altogetner, The Court then showed many Nistorical cita- tons that the original form of government in this conntry under the colony charters was oné in which the towns governed themselves, and pr —_ ‘When both colonial and 1ocal authority were estab- ished they ran paraliel to each ovner, as they were Meant todo for all time, and what Mr, Arnold says of Rhode Island is true generaliy of the Bastero and Middie states—thut the attempt of the last two Stuarts to OVERTHROW THEIR LIBERTIES ‘was defeated by means of the Jocal organizations. The scheme, tried first in England, to take away the corporate charters, in order to make the Corpo- Fations more dependent on the Crown, and to re- strain them from political action in opposition to the court party, found in America the cotomal char- ters alone within the reacn of arbitrary power, ani though these were taken away or suspended it was only With such protest and remstance as saved to the peopie the town governments. in ,Massachu- setts it waseven insisted by the people’s deputies that to surrender local government was contrary 19 the sixth commanament; for, sald they, "MEN MAY tian thelr natural lives.” more tha tet isiecorded tney clung to ‘*tné civil lberties of New England” as ‘part of the inheritance of their Catners.’’ The whole contest withAndros, as weil in New England as in New York and New Jer- BOY, WAS DS RUGOLE OF THE PROPLE f the right of al ernment. wn deennere,”? says Dunlap, “the ay struggled for weir rights, and deserved to betree.” * * ‘Such are the historical tacts regarding local gov- ernment in America. Our Creation Practice and expectations haveail been in one direction. And when we beyond the general view to inquire yto the detalis of authority we find tpat it has in- cluded the power to chose, some form, the per- sons Who are to administer the local regulations. instances to the Contrary, except where the wer e be administered was properly a State po" powel je been PURRLY BXCEPTIONAL. When the State deals with a municipal corpora- sion om the footing of contract it has been decided by Judge Trambull that the muni 19 v0 Dercited, ‘They vost upon, tne well, understood that these corporations are of atwolold character— y e local mecessizies and conveniences of their own citizens, and that as to the acqaisitions they make im the latter cay a8 mere corporations, it 18 neither just nor i iad competent for the Lewielatare vo taxe the local com- them away or to Sextive munity of the benefits thereof, In view of these ese general principles tie questl eral principles the question recurs Whether our Bite constitution can ee so construed 88 toconier upon the Legis) point for the are to man rights in which concerned. If consequences, As there is no provision requirin: the legislative interierence to by any gene rule, 1t can and may be partial and purely arbitrary. As there 1s pobing requiring the persons appointed to be citizens of the locality, they can and may be sent in from abroad, and it 1s NOT A REMOTE POSSIBILITY y, people alone are it Invoives these for @ government by such influences as can torce 48 the municipal corporations will have no control, except such as the state may voluntarily mive it, as regards the taxes to levied, the buildings to be contracted for, the pavements to be laid and the conveniences to be supplied, it is inevitanle that parties, from mere personal consid- erations, shall seek the offices and endeavor to secure from the sppoluting body, whose members in general are not to leel the burden, a compensa- Uon such as would not be awarded by the people Who niust bear it, though the chief We binding them to the interests of the people governed might be the _aenee on the one side andjJrawn on the other. e by GOVERNMENT O4 AN OLIGARCHY be just as regardtul of private mghts and as lutle burdengome as anv other; but it 1c were sought to establish such a government in our cities people to snow where in the constitution the power to establisn 16 was prohibited, It would be neces- sary On the other hand to point out to them where and by what unguarded words the power had been conferred, The State may mould local institutions according to its views of policy or expediency, but local government is @ matver of absolute right, and CANNOT TAKE IT AWAY. It would be the baldest mockery to speak of a city a8 possessing municipal liberty when the State not only shaped its government, but at discretion sent in its own agents to administer it, or to call that system one of constitutional freedom under which 1t should be equally admissivle to allow the people fall control in their local affairs or no control at all. 1 speak with the utmost respect and deference to the legislative department, even though the task I am called upon to perform 18 to give reason why a blow aimed at the tounaauon of the structure of our linerties should be warded oif. Nevertheless, when the State reaches out and draws to itself and appropriates the powers Which from time immemoria: have been locally pos- sessed and exercised, aud introduces into its legis- lation the CENTRALIZING IDEAS of Continental Europe, under which despotism, whether of monarch or Commune, alone has flour. ished, we seem forced vack upon and compelled to take up and defend the plainest and most primary axioms Of free government, as if even in Anglican Mberty, which has been gained step vy step through extorted charters and bills of rignts, the punish: ment of Kings and the overthrow of dynasties, nothing was settled and nothing established, A PAUPER’S AWFUL FATE. “Rattle His Bones Over the Stones, He's Only a Pauper Whom Nobody Own»”—The Dying Italian Forced to Eat Garbage and Swill—The Stony-Hearted Overseer of Char- ities. Fifteen days ago a poor foreigner—an Italian, Who could not speak our language—applied in com- pany with an interpreter, to Dr. Ceccarini, of the Board of Health, to be sent to the hospital, as he had been unable to work then, ang for along time pre- vious having suffered with chronic dysentery, He told the doctor his pitiful stury; that he lived at 26 Marion street, supported and prolonged exist- ence by contributions irom ms fellow countrymen, who were almost as poor as himself; that he was iil, without money, without home, without triends, His wretched condition and his supplicating story convinced the Docvor that he was telling the truth. Dr. Ceccarini, seeing that tis man must immediatety have medical attendance aad nourishment to sustain life, immediately wrote to George Kellock, Superintendent of the Untdoor Poor, \hat, ‘the bearer was an old Italian, a resident of New York one year and a half, dangerously il with dysentery, poor, without imiends or home, and begged as @ special favor not to delay in sending the vearer to the hospital. The pour man, with a companion, deiivered the letter to Mr. Kellock, and was informed that they could not ive him @& pass to the hospital because he had mot been long enough in this country, From Eleventh street and Third avenue he was sent refuse irom she swaill, ash and ge ag! receptacles which lie the curpstones of the street. keps body and soul togetner uoul Mon- day morning. As soon as iife had de. parted trom his emaciated frame the imates of the same room noufled Dr. Ceccarini, who gave @ cerciftcate of death; and those who woald nor aid and assist him when living were ovliged to take care of his body when dead. His remains were committed to the Clay of Potter's Field. THE WALL 8TREST FLUTTER. Messrs. F. A., A, J. and J. W. Drexel, the two former of Philadelphia and the latter of this city, | Nave bought the property on the svutpeast corner of Wall and Broad streets, including Nos, 27 Wall and 1, 3, 6, 7, and 9 Broad streets, the entire piece of land running seventy-eight feet on Wall strect and 143); on Broad street. The present buildings will ail be taken away Unis spring, work to begin about ‘he ist of May, anda new six story building will be erected in their place, suitable tor bankers’ and brokers’ offices, The building will have all the modern improvements, such as elevators, &c. Messrs. Drexel, Morgan & Uo., will occupy the main offices. Mr. George W. Childs, of tue Phila- delphia Ledger, was @ party to the purchase, but witndrew before it was completed, Tue price paid for we property was $145,000. THE STUYVESANT BANK DEPOSITORS. A large number of the depositors of the Stuyve- sant Bank, now in bankruptcy, met yesterday after- noon at the office of the Register in Bankruptcy, at No, 7 Beekman street. Alter the majority of those present had made amlavits of the amount of their respective claims on the bank, Mr. Field, on behalf Of numerous depositors, read @ series of resolutions praying the appointinent py the United States Court or 0. H. P. Archer, ine late Receiver, as Trustee, and Richard Kell President of the Fitth National Hank; tne Rev. John Orcutt and Protessor Kichara H. Ball, of the New York Savings Bank, as & Committee of epea to watch che interesis of the creditors o' the bank. The resolutions ul the appointments in order to avoid any possible contest vetween an ee epciod. oy zbe state Cours, At, Tracey, iver appointed by the , Y, ono represented MF. Mack, doubted the legality of the resolutions. A sharp discussion followed, in Which no little heat was maniiested, but the Register Onally decided that the Vourt would decide what to do with the focus, and submitted them, together with the regular legal form, to the depositors for signature. Ihe meeting was then adjourned to Friday, during which time the resolu- tions Will be at the Kegister’s office tor signavures by depositors who Were unable to attend yesterday. 4 OOLLEGE JOKE, The Mystery of St. John’s College Explained, Louie, Feb. 3, 1972, To THB EDITOR OF THE HERALD:— Mr. Pn, Vernet Taylor, @ young gentleman of this city, has received @ letter from one of the students of St, John’s College, informing him that the sup- posed attempt on Eugene Benoist’s iife was but a college joke, Mr. Taylors correspondent states that he himself was one of tne chief actors in the joke; that it was he, in fact, who per- sonated the assassin; that he fired a pistol against the wall, bo ed the giass door aud then tipped into his room, while Abern remained 10 the hall to shout for help and in other ways to complete the sem- biance of a struggie with the assagal The joxe ‘Was so well played that the college professors and the public were imposed upou, aud the detectives emp! aed to “iook up” the case were completely mystified; but finding that —— ——— were using the joke to cast a stigma pon some of their rela- then reveated tne irieg to the college faculty, men reveale rig , ‘s H. BENOIST. THE MORTALITY IN BROOKLYN, There were 240 deaths in Brooklyn during tne past week, Of the deceased 45 were men, 45 women, 74 boys and 76 girls; 40 were between the ages of 20 and 40 yearsand 4 were over 80; 174 were natives of the United States, 88 of Ireland, 16 of Germany, 10 of England, 1 each uf Canada and Italy, fmalipox carried of 29, being 6 more than the week Capen | consumption 24, disease the diphtheria 4, Croup ®, weooping cough 3, marasmus iphtheria 4, croup 8, waooping co 5, baraly “ 4 disease 4, pneumonia 22, dis- ease of the kidneys 4, debility qnopleny, & highest death rate was attained in the Sixteenth ward, where 31 ns were ‘ted. There were but 3 deaths the NA but that self government of towns may make way | themselves upon the legislative notice at Lansing. | by law it would hardly cto to call upon a protesting | to vastle Garaen to the Commissioners of Emigra- damp, dingy basement, where ne jay down on the pallet of stiaw, and shared with his roommates tne ‘vins | § THE CUSTOM HOUSE COMMITTEE, Secret Service Whitley On the Stand. Interesting Disclosures from the Depths of Lega? Corruption—A Murderer Employed as an Informer—Some Missing Diamonds and Their History—More About Cartage and Carmen. The Custom House Committee met again yester- day morning at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, Judson C. Watson, storel in Leet & Co.'s genera? order West streets, who was ex- various kinda of packages received in that store for 1870. stated that packages are charued {or storage which never | actually go inst : the merchant, having got his permit stamped ‘aiter a portion of the goods | goes to general order, 1s allowed to remove the rest from the dock by his own carman, as has actually happened, the re- maining packages must all be brought to the door of the general order atore. Senator BAYARD-—Suppose @ merchant imports a hundred ackages, and at arriving at the dock with a paid permit he Hinds elgnty of the packages still there, (wenty having wone | tothe general order, can he take them away? A. Not if they have passed THE INSPROTOR'S WINDOW, Decause they are those designated for general order, and the carman’s clerk bas lckets for them, unless the inspector | chooses to permit him, @, Then, although the merchant reaches the dock within the first twenty-four hi with aduty paid permit in be hand, if the inspector has designated them for general the merchant cannot touch them, out they would carted to the general order store?" A, Yes, sir. G. So that the merchant standing on the dock, ready to take them, has to follow them to the general order atore ? A. | Yes, unless the inspector aliows him. the inapector, of bis own sweet will, does not allow follow’ them on another cart to the general j but the proper course for him would be to go inthe ‘meantime to the Custom House and get hig | Permit stamped “storekeeper.” Q. If the inspector allows him to'take them away from the | dock after they ure marked for general order, will they be subject to general order charges? A. No, for he don’t come on our books; but I doubt if the inspector has such power Im aw. . COLONEL WHITLEY WANTS TO UR EXAMINED. A letier was read from Colonel Whitley, head of the Service Bureau, charging that ex-Detective Beatty, examined’ yeaterday, perjured himself in the accusations’ he made eiective Bureau. hiley asks that he his assistants be examined. @gainat tho Colonel W! and his asi | Senator Cassenyi. remarked that very unbecoming lan~ age Was used in that letter ; no one else bad ao written In re- ference to an} W. A, Darling, Appraiser, gave teatimony as to the mane ner of preparing the catalosue for sale of unclaimed goods, He admitted that in making out the catalogue no # tion is given of qnantity or quality; for instance, chests of, tea are put up for what they will bring, without the purchaser being informed as to the quality of the tea or the number of, pounds, N THE PUBLIO sTORFS. In reply to Senator Casserly, Mr. Darling said the public stores included the Appraisers’; sumetimes cases arrive short of the fovoice, and the theft miyht have been com- mitted after arri rent paid for one publi both stores were formerly used for pork packing establishments; they are very Mi-lly contractors’ lavorers can steal as much as tl Very didicult to fx the responaiblty of thetta, . C. Whitley sworn—An of the Secret Service De- partment ; have been since 189; employ twenty “operators’® ‘uand a number of faformers at from $4 to $6 a day; have ofices in Washington and New York; my special duty is to detect counterfelters, but our depart ein all cases of fraud ayainst the government: have mado many friends under the interu: the stores; there im 60,00 u Operations extend ail through the United States; i recetved an appoiptment from Collector Murphy us Inspects 1 was to take pay for the office; my object im to increase my power In making seizures a1 sed to detain. of Customs taking It w: arrests; previous to that oda untii the Inspector w: jeatty was employed by m of Police Inspector ing ¢ Appointed assistant operator, and while thus engaged seized a quantity of wine; nearly one hundred bottles were missed, and the matter bad to be inauired into; it was as certained that Beatty nad stolen them, and 1 immediately discharged him; Beatty ited the’ offence, but said ‘Was no worse than the other men, who also had some of the wine; aportion of it was found on Beatty's premises; I have no ill feeling against hitn, although he has given bis evidence in a very revengeful manner; I retused bim & recommendation, as two cigar makers toil me that they had been blackmailed by him; in regard to Beatty's statement that I seized fifty-four diamonds and sold etght of them to him, I have to sy (his :—On January 7, 1871, 1 was informed that'certain parties were engaged in smuggilog diamonds; Mr. Justice told me that in england he had as- Certained that a young man diamonds anit thit he wante ointment 1 rised of it; Mr. E. went asa diamond merchant from Chicago, and, aiter_ a conver sation with Radcitife, arrested him and he was held by the Grand Jury: Radelitfe, however, had pawned some of the diamonds, and us the bawubroker was innocent, I pald bim $360 and got them out; I gave the diamongs to one of my men, in order that I might be reimbursed; 1) bsequent tof s then released, on bis that Lehad been drawn into this matterand o1 | Davis knew of the transaction ; | to the arrest of Justice; Radcliff | showin, paying the duties; I never gave any cigara that were seiz to my friends; Beatty was the only dishonest man in my employment; L never sold or cuused to be soid any cigars that bad been seized ; correct returns of all seizures are made to the Collector; there have been cu charges have been settied by the payment of a certain sum, bat never except with the consent of the District Attore ney’s oflice ; 1 know of no settiement outside the Courts, exe ¢ perapa in the ‘this district is alm mmissiouer's oflce; a bail bond im entirely worthless, and it is impossible who are out on bail for two years; 1 ht to be w special court for the triat of once arrested cases of smuggling tor marder in Suffolk county, Lou; jan id was convicted of assault; he toid me that he paid the doctors $1,000 to swear that t) man did not dle from the effects of the blow ; in the case o} ‘Miner the prisoner was released through ragk perjury. Evening Session. uon. Od applying there vo be sent w the Emigrant », Hospitai on bn Island he was asked the came At half-past seven o’clock P. M. the examination’ of the vessel he came to this country in; on | Of Colonel Whitley was resumed by Senator veing anable to tell he was informed ‘that they | Casserly could not render him any assistance; so trom | * ae said he was a ; \d pointed as Chief of the the Battery he dragged himself back to the | petective Service op the 12h of Muy, 1869, and became Ine | spector in Junuary, 1871; the evidence of Beatty is ; 1 have no iil feeling wguinst bin; 1 have witnesses ta | prove that he hus been guilty a charge of murder against bi | Thave nvili-feeling agai a that, but simpiy _re- ' gare him with pity--(aughter)--I discharged him April, 1871; “ va is duty faithfully, so far asl bad any knowle: that ume, Q. What do you call blackmailing in the case of this man ? A, Going into '® man’s store and accusing him of fraud and afterwards settling with bim for $60. ‘This man was Clymer. Mr, Keatty admitied to me that he had swlen wine, G You made a mistake as to the quaniity of wine once to-llay. A. Yes, air. Q. You made it just twice as much as it was, In other words, you came wituin 100 per cent of the truth ? \Laughe ter.) A. There were abuut ninety bottles; he carried them e men into his room under tne ofiice; I alscbary to whom he gave part of the wine were sinply suspended, and afterward retaiued in the service, with a caution to 06 very careful in tutu About Radcliff’s diamonds—did you take them out of, is and distribute them among your men? A, I thiuk I did; my recollection im that there were about fi diaroonds; i can’t say what the exact worth of them was; at one time kept @ broker's shop in Boston, aud recel diamonds sometimes on pledge; 1 was a pawabroker im joaion for nearly twelve months; I have often given for things more than they were worth. Q. Do you think that a commog weakness brokers’ (Laughter.) A. I don’t know; 1 hi tion of ever having seized smuggled is an innocent party: I realized not # cime frum the Kedelife diamonds ; I know of no boxes of cigars having been opened in my office ; wo never count cigars, but count the Loxes; has veen the case for a faise charge to be made in a Uni States Court tn order that the accused might settle for a offence; | was a pawnbroker in Boston in 1866. Q. Dit you our license revoked? A. I understand) that it was revoked atter 1 had left the business; the trouble’ Was about cheating some person in the saie of ‘a wach by’ ono of those in my ofice; I bad nothing to do with 1t myself 1 kept an oyster saloon in Cambridge; sold oysters in Kan sas I kept a ery T remained ¢} about a year and from pr ng of 1867 to the iter of Ii I think ; kept uo eating house there part of that time; I did a great many chings (here, but ass business that was all I did, ). Were you ever engaged then in catching runaway negro staves} &. I dud ta one single iaascn, pus . You volunteered to go? A. I think I did. You got your pay? A, No, sir. ). Did you ever ask for it? A. I don’t know. gh sans pegross onan 1 mn, I think. A baker's dozen? (Laughter). A. I never was engaged at it before. Bs Q. A mere amateur, were you? @. Do you think af amateur hunter of negroes is more honorable than an official one? A. Yes, sir, ldo. (Laugh~ Irrect 5 of blackmailing; 1 bave made | consider bim a criminal? i ter.) Q. Who fo your expenses? A. I think the Marshal; C ‘was away from my business two days; I think I didn’t eat anything in that time. Was that owing to your ardor in thechase? (Laugh~ ter.) a. The negroes were tickied to death when they saw their muster. & philanthroplo pursuit, was it? (Langh= at, should Q. Then it was ter.) A. [thought it better for them th: home; i after this went wih an expedition to Pie's Pi then I went to Lawrence; then to St. Louis, and from to New Orleans for my health; I boarued; I bad leot diord sume money. fovea) @ Did you board on the principal or the interest ? (Langh- ter.) A. On the principal; Ll weot up the Missis« sippl afterwards and gave infor on to Gen eral Butler regarding @ steamer in the Ked River that could be captured; after that I firet became a de- tective and then a major in the army, acting occasionally as @ detective; after war closed I ‘@ permit from Uen- eral Banks to take a quantity of liquors trom Mobile to New Orleans, which 1 sola; previous my being jn Boston in 1867 I went to Texas and went into the pawnbroker's ynsi- ‘ness; after lea that I went into the employment of the ployed Kennet, why before had smvgsl yr waformation Ireegulariy ; ymver going bail for Whiteman on any crim e allow me tw eT which will there was a k ‘which was called the “boudie” ‘game--selling cou felt money; I bad bim arrested on such a charge; he sald I could not hold him in law, and, Snaliy, Agreed to give information about the’ parties made the biti, Senator (: interrupted, Tne wit said he would like for them to hear the whole siory, for it wam a int (Laughter.) He aiterwards ent ball for counterfelters. | H goreroment: paid Clautell foi . Do you ret i thing teresting story. f pains sometimes one for Whiteman ; I never bad Whiteman; I last hed something to ‘bim—before he went to t have been an honest man sad an ornament to so- ye ‘Yes, be might have been ernment detect (aaiagter thd applause), What i amount of moi a are Bocca service ? rari ‘one ot air service or expenses in travelling. Maar Nwibat inthe largcas emount’? A. $200; very email in every case: wo pay. perhaps soloing "eroept sy “soe expensiay than alz oF seven dollars a mouth; was or jousand dollare the vocrel service fund at tne RS yen toe “ostsotives ere pad frees Ste taeee fe day; (bey pay travelling oxpenses, mation, and most of them have under them in my opinion if the Fund Jrae lareer 1 could be used to i Sry fag ony ¢ to Es one of my was sted tn trouble will J Colonel ex) inv le Sus eee