The New York Herald Newspaper, January 13, 1872, Page 11

"yHE SECRET OF AKCTIC DISCOVERY. Address of Captain Silas Bent, of St Tous, on Murine Circulation and Corzents, OCEAN AVENUES TO THE POLE Graphic Accounts of Personal Observa- tions—Startling Facts, &e.—Obdjection3 to the Theory Answered. Captain Silas Bent, of St, Louts, the well-known hydrographer, delivered on Saturday, the 6th inst., toa large and highly cultivated audience, the fol- owing beautiful and able address. He again puts forth his celebrated theory of oceanic currents and circulation, which, sinve tts first promulgation, has been the subject of world-wide scientific discussion, and has been tested by the Carpenter researches and those of the latest North Polar exploring expe ditions, The lecturer spoke with great animation and efectiveness, and iliustrated bis theory of “unermometrio gateways to the Pole’ by large charts, gloves, &c, The Ducal party of Alexis wag * represented in the Captain’s audtence by Admiral Possiet and M, Bodisco, the Consul General, who occupied seats on the platform, At the concluston of the address the Admiral, whe had been an ex- ceedingly attentive listener, took up tho pointer, and with the maps on the wall indicated the extent of some of his recent explorations about Nova Zembla, while commanding the feet in which tuo Graud Duke attempted the Polar passage, THE apDRess. Mn. PRESIDENT AND LADIES AND GENTLENEN—When De Soto discovered the Mississippt River, suppose he lad re- mained on and about its borders for months ana years, bad traversed its wiuth, bad sounded ita depths, had measured the velocity of {ts current, bad recorded ita temperatures and floated a thousand milea On ts turbid bosom, and bad fouud tuui wile it@ apparent volume continued the same and its tetiperature changed but sifghtly, its current became some- ‘What jess rapid, yet its eo south, through thi ab) formed its” banks; suppote, now, just mind was absorbed in speculalfon earth's economy, in the, sion intended to fila, Father of Waters" was wentand where it ended, he should bave been told that only a couple of hundred mules beyond the Gulf ot Mexico spread is broad basta directly across its path, and IT think you Will ugree with ine that It would have required no great Zitort of venius nor xtreten of tma;ination to conclude that this was the reservoir into which the river pours tte water, ‘Now this is but a fair iustration of the sum and substance of the theory of the “thermometric gateways to the pole and surface currents of the ocean” that I had the honor of brat suvunitting to this society in the winter of obs ‘The Gull Stream, in its general cyaracter, -y or more, and Unt! 1895 it wad at “river to the ocean” that exis But about that time {twas my good fortone, in the course of my official duties, to discover and trace out’ another similar siream in the North Pacitie, of even grander propoctions than the Gulf Stream, and to deduce a sysiem of inter: oceanio cirewation between the Arctic Ocean and the Atlan tle and Pacttic, which 18 necessary to compiete aud harmon- ize the separate ayatems found to exist in these two latter oveatis, and which were thea forthe hrst time found to be npleigly alike, » beautiful simplicity of the developed by tia the- to have 60 commended fiself to the judgment of others that wituout an exception, so far as 1 am aware, the ‘orywhere accepted it, add but few persons have al- ied to coutrovert the ela, In the treatinent of my this evening I shall engen- yor to be as brief as possibie, consistent with an intelligent presentation to your minds of the varions polots that have warily to be Considered before & Just conciusion can be ag been known upposed to be don the globe, ‘Th. ‘ory seen drawu as to resuis and of their importance. ‘to do this I have divided the address into three paris, viz:— First--Explorations of the hypothesis of oceavic cireula- tion and o1 the thermal gateways to the Pole, as given to this society on former occasion, Ss oud-—Short extracts (rom some of the reviews of these theories and other discoveries that thelr publication has ri ch of the exploratfon! in the Arctic Seas since 1363, T will begin by staung to you, that there is a circulation in the ocean which is governed by Inws as uxed and beneticial As those of the animal aud vegetanie kingdoms, and waich is 4 interesting to the student of nature, and perhaps as important, fur aught we know, to tue well-veing of te hu- mau race 4d the latter have proved to be. Flace under the microscope the web of a frog's foot, and Dither and thither we shail tind varied currents of blood crossing and recrossing each other, apparently without order ‘and without law, bxamive the capillary veasels of the human bouy, aud tuere, in the most torluous ramilications, 8 and repasses the iite-giving fluid, from one set of vessels to ail appearance wituout any governing cause, © Losom Of the mighty deep, eituer when tbe ms ot heaven are lashing the white-topped waves or when the Serene sky breathes # beautiful calm over the face of the wa'era, and liere, Seemingly with the utroost incongruity, are currents and counter currents mectin, a other at all variety of angie, above, below, near and far, over the whi surface and cepihs of the water. Further sclentifio invest gation, however, teaches us that, asia the human 9} ‘One variety of Vessels page froin One ale of the heart, carry, jug the pure Liood to every portion of the body; that another set of tubes of wonderful conformations carry ‘back te im- pure blood to the heart, when, in obedience to the inexpiica- bic laws of nature, 1t 18 sent {oto the lungs, there to be purl. fied aod again to go through the body, with ite Iife-giving and ® heailoiul inuence, and, moroover, as this purifying process ts being accomplished, animal’ hea enerated, So it 18 with the currents of the ocoan, which 1 will be ny endeavor to brietly as possibie explain. There is an equi Horium 1 all nature, ‘There is an unscen power that, while it utterly forbids anniliation of matter, constantly so alters the forms, appearances aud uses o! thé molecules that loss {n one portion of the universe is counterbalanced by a gala in another; aud thus, by that fnscrutable power of adapta tion, the eartn revolves within ite orbit and the stars sing to- gether in harmo while the dew upon the blossom, the Fain, the ice, tue eat and cold, all conspire to Derleot tuose laws of compensation and adaptation, thus the Gicnting to tne stusent of physical ecience that perfect har- , Taw and order in navure wuich, to the untnitlated, are r' 8 and undefined fr puere aad the sun are to the earth what the bloo ange and the heart are to the animal economy, Tue process of evaporation is provided by an ail-wiso Provi+ denee to purity, renovate and vivily the surface of the globe, and in this great and contiaually recurring action may bo seen one of the causes of those currents which are found tn the ocean, Let me here quote to you a single passage. from one of the most sclentttic and at the same time beautiiuliy nd discoverles made wriken Ww the subjects of which wo are treating. to that on “P by my friend Cov he Mean annual fall of rain on rth 1s estimated at about five feet, To evaporate water enough annually (rom the ocean to cover the earth, on (he average, five feet deep with rain, to trang. portat from one zone to ‘another and to precipitate {tin tho Tight places, at suitanle times and in the proportion due, Is ‘one of the ollices of the grand atmospheric machiae.” “This Water, bear in wind, ls evaporated principally trom the Tor- rid Zone.’ “Supposing It all to come thence, we shall have encircling the earth « belt of ocean three thousand miles in breadth trom which this atmosphore nua the rates a layer of water an- ‘And to hoi as high as ain ail the water in a lake six- lea long, is the yearly busl- we do the constant ef- Sixveen feet in depth.” jouda and lower down three thousat Not Task you, understand, ‘fort of nature to restore equilibrium and the laws ot adapta- tion, wat mast be the elfect the ocean of the removal of this Linmense masa of water of 24,000 miles in length, 3,000 miles in width and sixteen feet in deptu? Certalaly an en- deavor on the part of the water to cocupy this enormous space, and, tordo this, all the waters north and south of this space or zone are at Once get in motion to restore the equi- Hbrium, and were there no continents or islands or inequati- ties tn the bed of the oceans, this flow would be uniorm around the whole earth; but by these ocal obstructions they are divided Ito many streams and diverted ito numerous Chaunel ways, throush wiien they pour thelr volume to form the great equatorial currents of the At.antic and Pacific. Some eighteeo months ago Professor Thompson B. Maury, in a very interesting and uole article, advanced the hypothe: sis that that portion of equacorial current whieh passes to the northward of the Groater Antilles, and whicn muat be a hundred fold greater than that which returns to the east from tho Gulf of. Mesico throuh the Bematot Strata, forms the great mass or body of the Gull Stream, and thal which isnues from Bemini Is but a small portion of the tropi- cal waters that pass Capo Hatteraa to the northward. Not withstanding thesa obstacles, however, enough water ts forced through the passages between the Lesser Antilles to form @ sirong current to the west through the Yucatan Channel, and which was suMciently great to Je Sir John Herschel to assert that the excavation of the Gul of Mexico and tho Caribbean Sex is an evident effect of the continned and powerlul action of the set of tue great South Aliantic current, and which, unless counteracte’ by other ‘causes, must sooner or later cut through the Isthmus of Da- ‘yhis smaller Caribbean curreut, waking the circuit of heat'fcom # tropical sun, uunreieved by the cooling ‘winds, which are vroken by {he islands af the mouth of the Gulf, Stag) ito the ar tween Florida an te Jing Row witeh with concentrated velocity it is met obliquely by the northern portion of the equatorial current before spoken of und turned suarply to the north, to, become Part instend of forming the whole of what Is known as the Gulf btream, ‘This tw the beginning of that marvellous flow of tropical yraters which for more chan @ century Bas been and is ‘aul uch @ wonder to man. a bes it as a “great and wide stream of water, Jarger th i¢ rivers of the World together, running in w detinite cl uifferent color, that when see tne bows dashing the blue waters she ts enter yale. ‘and cold waters of the banks of Newfouadiand.” ‘Clear ae this description 19," saya gives us but ® poor conception of the reality.” ‘bream intteed. Veggara ad efforts at portrayal, sling tp grandeur Im not enough to beholder. to” understand ite wonder or concelve power. The minu can take these, in only when ican weigh facta and forces ic! ene measure those fi en the a eat eatin aay sai! all unconscious and tinconesrné ur x0 limited area we are now considering, fi thesen Claw pertect OF exact. Yet aiter all we are not ‘The nicely charted ree vatedr is Sort: ¥ ne thermal and de sof the Nos Wudee'been long since pablisbed, These results, like seed Jong sown, are how beginning, under the bands of wole works men, to bring forth frulue, Leaving the tropics with @ tempera. iy by nv means el aie degrees it loses but two de; ain every Footer Adinifal Milne, or the British Wavy, reports that when be ran into of Halifax in the mm war Nile the bow of his ship plunged into water of seventy degrees, ile at ber stern the thermometer snowed forty degrees, athematical caloulations show that the heat actually #et free twa winter's day by the Gulf Stream up the whole column of atmosphere resting on the British Istands from the freezing point to Observations of the Scottish Meteorviogical Society show ‘that the winter temperature of the Shetiand Islands is ralsed 4nirty-atx degrees and that of London twenty d Joduence of the Guit Stream upon their elimi Norwegian coaat is stil! more greatly affected by ts contact. The trochimenais, or lines of eqial winter temperature, carried from tuetr normal )osition 1,600 miles northward over dhe covered by the Gull Jt clothes feeland Frith ts robe of eme bors of Northern Norway in latitude seventy two degrees are kept ope Abronghont the year by {ts genial warmth, By the earth yotation oults axia objects on its surtace between the tropics are curried [rom west (o east al the rate of (a thousand miley an hour, while, as we advances towards the Poles, this rate secrewsan wl the decrease in the circumference of the paral ela of Iativude, so that when we arrive at points where the circum: erence i# only 13,10 miles, Inatead of 24.000, ws It Jnatthe Kquator, this velociiy of rotation ta but 500 miles 0 hanig, and go on decrenstig nyt reach:ng the Pole, jroa_ and disasters of the expeditions for Tolar discovery wre familiar to vou all, as thoy are to every ene Whe bas real their narratives. But, lke most orherty had. aover given the sudject aby spec's, attention at eiede, ‘The countless fn NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 18727.—TRIPLE SHEET, nell ‘that were Bandas watch ted to ene detinestion of tho euro Sie: and the discovery that it formed « of a great of cur the equatorial! current, Gull Stream and counter cur- Teats In the Atlantic, ‘To tatorm you how this occurred, T may state that after the close of the Mexican wi i848 the sloop-of-war Preble, to which I was altached, was sent on special service {rom Cattfornte to Ching, She followed the equatorial current, after leaving the Bandwich Islands, which carried us ffom thirty to elguty miles beyond our teckoning, every day, bY its westward flow. In the winter of 1#48-9 the Prebie was font to Nagasaki, ip Japan,to rescue » numoer of shipwrecked seamen fuprisoned’ there by the Japanese, The monsoon ing at its eight, directly againat us, from the north east; alter a severe atruggis of eight or ten days we doubled the “south end of “Formosa, ha crossed the tirong current trom the north, witich was done between the {sland and the coast of China, aod at onoe fell into the cur. Tent which it was well known flowed north along the east side of Formosa, while it was equally well known ‘that only & short distance to the south of the south end of Formosa the great equatorial ourreat poured its volume directly to the West Into the China Sea." Each of these currents was run- ning at the rate of five or six miles an hour; buy thelr limite extent, except the latter, were not at all known, aud just as we wore in the critioa! junction of these currents’ wo were overtaken by @ sev: rm, whieh, with its binding rain and spoon-dritt, red everything beyond the dis tance of a few bundred Ca ‘and — continued for three days without Intermission. i region of the sea Was imperfectly charted and sprinkled with dangerous islands and coral reefs, upon which many ‘ships were almost annually wrecked, As navigator of the vessel the responsi bilities and anaieties of the occasion, bore hearty upon my: mind, At the close of the gale, in witch, bad there been no current, we should have drifted or been deiven about a hundred miles soutuweat, and, if surprise to find the ship. carrica pearly @ hundred to the northward, dircotly against the wing. Rw to the Loo-Choo Isiands we S Off this northerly current, and in going thence to Japan again crossed it, but found. it inclining to the east. Accomplishing the object of our mission we returned trom Nagasaki by (he ‘aud other ports on the east coast ot Chinn, outherly current down the Formosa Channel still runnitig with the same velocity, The Preble returning to Callloriia # short time after this pursued the same route and found the same currents about the south end of Formosa, ed the one towing north until reaching latitude b, longitude 145 degreca east, when wo ‘Wt om account of # severe epidemic out ogee the crew, and which was ag+ ted by the fogs and niles that overhang the current. experience of this cruise, and its conurmation of tha P ent existence of these two great currents running in opposite directions, side by side, while the equatorial cur reat was flowing with almost equai velocity at uluost right Impression upon my ly yenither they A angles to them, made a stro; And act it to work to find out their voriglo. am led. Sailing seain for China and Japan in 1 pedition under Commodore Perry, fo me such subjec y stigation as én dome to have such to the Various vessels of the squadron as would insure thelr keeping very accurate and full mateoro- logical records. After our return to tha United States these Fororda were piaced in my hands for the purpose of tracing bie the location, direction and force of tho currents in that part of the Facité and adjacent aoe Iylug within the cruising grounds of the sixteen vessels that com. prised the expedition, ‘The result of this work was tho dia covery of the sysiem of currents in the Pacille whica I re ferrea to. Just as I had completed my work on the chat Kuro Stwo, in the autumn of 1436, tho was received’ of discovery of tha open Polar Sea, and people began to tnquire how suc @ thing was possible when (t was so well known that a belt of feo hundreds of miles in widtu aurrouNdds that goa and lies d the Kquator ? arts were upon my table at which I was daily at snowing the Gulf Stream and Kuro Siwo as tbey are now exhibited, with their warm branches or foraa ex- tending by Splizbergen and Bebring Straits and poriect! determined in both their width and direction as far as th(s ico be.t 18 au) posed to exist, Now, applying the axiom in the Kane's physical science of the sea, as Inia down by Maury, that “whenever a current or stream of water 18 found flowing or from any currents o} int in the ocean other equal volume must flow to point,” and knowing that immense currents constanty down from the Arctic ocean sby every avenu opening into the Atlantic and Pacific, except along the waya of these northern forks of the Guif Stream and Kuro Siwo, it was almost impozwivle that tie iden should not oc- cur to my mind that there were the streams that not only carried their excess of water to the Polo, bit alao thas tho warmth they carried with them was the direct an of this open sea. ana that then paths through the toa belt iter the only highways tor ships to that sa, and I 4o atated it in my ollicial report on the Kuro Siwo to Commodore streams Perry. Dr, Kane called at my offce in New York after his return 8 expedition in £68, und I suegeated to him that the open sea he bad discovered most likely oved tte existence to the Gulf Streatn and Kuro Siwo, He seemed improssed by the facts presented to him, and in hia uarrative, volume T., page Wi admits not only: the possibility of auct being We cause, bul speaks of it as being altogetier iikely, Stl impressed with these facts, 1n 1888, whe #0 many ex- peditions for the Pole were spoken of, both in this country and in surope, I adaressed a communication to Mr, Charles ; Daly, an, President of tho American Geographical and Siatistical Society in New York, setting forth thege facts and hypothoses In cetuil, and conclutiag by saying, “4? my theory proves unworthy the consideration of your honored associa ion why there the matter will probably end; butif it is cor+ rect then L hope my humble suggestions may, in God's provi dence, be the theans of avertig the recurrence of somo of the sai calamities.” In May, 1870, Judge Daly devoted the gr long anniial address as President of the socies; evidently intended to be a crushing criticism of m; and the very aio and complimentary reviews of it which Professor T. B. ry bad written for Pusaum's May: Pursuing these reliéctions this matter presents a phi international importance which, were it not for the manity of possessing such a power, might place the whole of Lurope at the mercy of this country, For, admittiag er partof his to what ho address that Europe derives its mild climate frou the Gulf Stream— Which po one, I believe, now disputes—then to direct this stream from’ {ts preseut direction would be to bring the ita nor Austria whole of burope at unce, so to speak, to mal climatic condition; that Is, France and would have the climate’ of Canada and Engiau many and Northern Europe would become zen wilderness such as British America and Lab- aaTO, necomplish this the porscasion of the Jathmus of Panama and the expenditure of two, or three hundred ‘millions of doliars ip the excavation of a sulicient wlth and depth of the rook only that tm ‘between the Cariobean Hea and the Jacito, and the openiug of & mall sluice through the soll to afford a bexinning tor the patsage of the water from ocean lo ecean, snd but a short time would prob- ably elapse before the channel would be large eaongh to give Anew outlet to the equatorial waters of the Atlantic and Cut off that excess which now goce to maxe the Gulf Stream, A New York paper just year contained # syne opsis of a Jecture delivered in London by Dr. William Car- penter, F, RK. 8, F. L. 8 upon ocean currents, tn which, while the Doctor endorecs the neral con. tents of my address—a copy of which he had recefved from America—he devotes his lecture to the refuta: tion of that part of tt in which I stated thatif the Isthmus of Panama was removed, 80 a8 to admit of the eqnatortal cur. rent of the Atlautle passing freely tuto the Pacitic, the Gulf Stream would be abolished, and the climate of England and Europe be reduced to its normal condition, similar to that on tho same paralel of lauitude in Eastern America, and denies tnat the mild cilmate of the British isiands and ‘the north. wos. of Europe is due to the thermal effects of the Guif Stream, and amusingly alludes to the very humane consiaer- ation, by which America might consider herself deterred from meting out this dire fate to so large a part of the lvit~ zed word. ‘One of the points made by Dr, Carpenter fs (and that 18 the one I have to deal with) that the high temperature of the western coast of the Briush isiands, compared with the sume Jativudes of the eastern coast, is not to be attributed to the Guilt Steam, but to a northward flow of warm waters from the tropics along the west coast of Africa and Spain, and that this #ow wouid continue even if the Gulf Stream were abolished. Dr. Carpenter and bis theoretical associates—who, however, even in England are few in this particuiar—bring the Guif Stream to Newfoundland and then leave tt, They for- get that it no other forces were at work to carry it to the forth and east the law of the earth’s rotation would carry it on towards the British isiands, As io the ‘of heat evolved by the Gu'f Stream, Mr. James Croll hat “ihe uuantity of heat conveyed by the Guif Stream in equal to all the beat received from the sua by 8,121,570 square miles at the Equator.” Now, for the sake of argument, IC we only take the haif of this total, it is easily shown, as Mr. Croll does shows that the stoppage of the Gulf Stream proper (mean- ing simply the Gulf current at Bewina) would deprive the Atlantic of a ire ot DA tent nage yy ee saa gh veg seven millions of Willlons) foot-pounas of energy in the form of beat per day- a quantity equal to one-fourth of all the heat received from the aun by nearly the entire aroa of the Atian- tic Ucean embraced between the Tropic of rand the Arctic Circie, Now, if the Isthmus of Panama and Central America were removed, 60 a8 to allow the equatorial current from the Atlantic to tow freely into the Pacitic Ovean, the Gult Stream would be, in my opinion, virtually destroyed. 1 will now briefly refer (o some few of the favorable notices and reviews that have appeared ia regara to the theories advanced in my former adaresy, The Savhern ert ( quarteriy), edued by Mr, A. T. Bied- soe, Baltimore, in its ouinber iswtied April, 1569, coptains an article on the’ Atmosphere of the Ocean,” which, atter discoursing the cirewiation of the atmosphere and of the ocean, tays:—*' But the current watch more nearly resembles the Gulf Stream In its origin, temperature and course, ts the Kuro Siwo descriced by Mr. Burt, ‘This ts indeed the Gulf Stream of the North Pacific. Like the Gulf Stream of the Atlantic, ft muat have been long known to rading under Observations of sclentiia the honor of being the first among the facta observed in relationto this ind give themto the world ima scientitic form.” How often it happens that the greatest discovery is the simplest; a0 simple, indeed, that everybody woudera hat nobody had thought of it vefore it has been jong knowa since Dr. Franklin was a Commissioner of the Colonies British Vourt, in ante-Revolutton ties—that the Gulf st, 8 branch of ft, Hower to Arctic regions by th ot Spitzvergen, thus polnting out to the exporer the true way to the Pole Spacing. as the wild buffalo of the West points out to the hunter by tts beaten paths the easiest and best routes through the Rocky Mountains, “Mr, Kent was the lirst to call the attention of the scientiic world to this singular and fatal mintake of the early explor- me every oue wonders why no one lad thought of ft be- for Int Putnam's Magazine of November, 1969, in an article re- yiewing the address, Professor T. 8. Maury, with whom I have only vecome acquainted personally within the past ‘ul beanty to the subject that jacs r, who bas giveo a grace! ied te fed fore, says:—“ Ent spices never conecived of before, been tried under the most propitiou have been guided by the ablest ees on men he world, upheid by the te sympathy “and material @ zeal which the etern not chill, In vain ve every route, save the one now sug; disasters have been most sienal O4—paliry when compared fm. al ia ohn ey ase intaine ol than attended Hannibal's or Napoleon's And this fact alone, however it mey shed lustre and glory on the heroic explorers, refects nove or but hitte on the Arctic problem, unless like the floating po gy = of sn oy re ship that has fonvdered and gone low! u ot warning, and to re. yeal the rocks on which the tatrent hopes ile Stranded.” “And yeh in the pings of in u ve these gallant spirits—such as Keliett pe otzebue and Parry and Kane --{t appears t) they were led to move towi wave of the pole,’ now polated ont their pathway. gine moment hey’ were called away f ene routes and looked west wardiy, th tint was quenched; aod some of them testing’ Gay trees 088 ty Night bi f hem steort most tepid and haley My raising’ « ilu! lunged Into cok nd by (uae haar Yueh nd beege cated re this therwometrio theory cians, th I Stream reaches the Pole, with “eat wvancag? oe meit ite 10e fe ought to follow covverway that the colt, counter undercurrent from the Arctic Ocean that offsets tus Gulf Sirearn, will, In {ts large flow to the south, lose bat tile of its Arcuic ‘cold and reach the Tropics with frigoriite power. 0 Sach at least wonid be and of ® remo Anulously we turn 10 wek:~"'le this demand sattaned ¢ H6 u mean Observations attest the antic balance, hung by th scale Pole, the other at the Fro a {nvisible; the other we can read. We know they must be in equilibrio, Let 0 to the Tropi® and, with the deep sem thermometer, dri an auswer from (his unbiassed aud incorruptible witu “Tots theory.” continues Professor Maury, Gui Stream, whose dimensions we know, pours & part of tte volume inio the space arou d the Vole.’ If #0, out of the fame apace mist therg flow an equa: volume towards the of. Ia tots found to.be the tact It ta true marine re- yea bare not furnishe! Jnformation suficlent to speak here with mathematical precision. “But we have facts and Nght abundant severely to scrutinize tho premises and to de- tect any error {o the principle Upon Which Caplain Bens conclusion rem ‘hero certainiy jagues from the apace aronnd the Po! cexseless and mighty flow of waters to the fropics, In tt energa of large lg are carried of from tho land, Go vast aro these Welghly Masses, and ofiem ao Natme thatthe numerous tn floating clusters as to defy computation. Cap- tain saw @ small one fall from w ulacier in Spite thousand tons tp weight. The transatlantic trip, met 800 foe tertthe ip Hesolaig; sosattoued ty Captain Ko let rs ‘abandoned by in Ko and cast it tweive buudred miles to the south was com; to ve at least hundred thousand square miles in area and seven feet tp thickness. 5 held of tee would weigh 18,000, 000,000 tons, Vg this was a single drift turouga avis’ Straits, only one of the avenues of this current fi the Pole, and only @ fractional ‘of the drift in the year, What mienty wot water from the south must that be, which, wedging itsuif into this piace around the Pole, ejects ech masses out of this space as quietly and easily ‘as the Ateatn driven piston of the fire engine throughout its jt d'eau.” There is muck more of such Kinored tacts as these in the that TL would ike to give you, but oma, | fer me to do so. In conclusion be says:—“This and beautiiul hypothesis may boast no 1 thority nor count as its advocates any Arctic explorer, For a while ft may bave to rest its claims on deauctions uf actenco aud be aohared i to NoLC® on the quiet autnority rot mate mualival fons. ith = the: Ee et vA ow lescope a . wet oy "a host of, adtroucimers eleewhere, wan defeated in bis searen for'a planet, when, with no otdes inatsument toan bis pencil, it was found and triumphantly pointed out by tae French mathematictan.”” ‘This brings us to the very brief consideration of one or two of the explorations that have come to the publle since th Gelivery of my former address in the winter of 168. ‘The explorations baving made rapes by North Burs Their narratives, as originally pubitsied, are generally Tanguage, though the Hydrographie Oillce of ited States Navy Department, under Captain R. H. as furnished us with voluminous translations from Dr. Peterman's “Geographical Journal,” which, no douvt, contain the most important information tn be me he) thelr operations, To give you a generat view of all thess details would require too much time. I will, therfore, avail myself of a conpie of circular letters sent me by Dr. Peterman upon the subject, which I will give prety mnch im full, (Tuese the HERALD has ewency puoiished in auvstance. ) Tho Russian expedition under Prince Alexis Alexandro- vitok, made im the corvette Noyijoz, aud accompanied, among otwers, by the distinguished academist Vou Mitden- dorf, has this summer made interestiog scientific explora~ Polar Sea | tween Nova 4embla celand, and bas found that the Guif Stream up to Nova ‘embla has the very high tempecature of 10 degrees Raumer (or 43g Pauurenbei 1 sent my pamphlet to Dr. Peterman in the spring of 1369, In the followmg June he started his second North Pole ¢ pediiion, consisung of the Germania steamer and sailing vessol Hansa, His instructions were, L beer y much the same as those given to Captain’ Kaideway the previous year, which were to endeavor to pass round Greenland by Unding a channel open along its east coast and thence to Behring Strait, bia idea being that Greeuland trends oif to the vorthwest, inclining southwardiy, and terminating near these straits, The Germania was Crozen in in latitude 73, after Yeuching the coast, where she remained the winter, aud was unsuccesstul the following season also, ¢ Hansa was beset by {ce near the Ureenand coast, in latitnde 73, crushed and sunk. Her crew saved enough trom thelr vessel, however, to proteot and subsist them on the ice until—atter terrible suilerings—they lect itm May, 187), tm latitude 61 12, in their boats, having been carried two hundred miles to the southwest aiong the coast of Greenland during their sojourn upon the 160, ‘Dr, Peterman fs still aceptical as to the extvtence of an " as I have ft here repre- open Polar Soa around the.» claims, 1 pelleres some past said th sented, and — athough the credit for having years the best route “is a up between Spitzbergen aud Nova Zemola,” yet he Las also said tat the best way to penetrate the icebelt 18 to go agatust the current and not ‘with ft, and in accordance with that belief sent both of hin expeditions of 1884-Y-70 10 the cast of Greentand instead of to the east of Spitzbergen to look for a route, and has written to Professor Maury, under date of November 23, Isi1, that “I ain now night and day at work to get up a Ger man or Austrian expedition for next year, to steam right along the Gull Stream, past (he northenmost cape of Asia, tho Bew Siberian Isiands, to Behring Straits,” Krona th you seo, he thinks the Guit Stream does not go to the Pole, ‘Dut passes off to the eastward along the coast of Asia, Lt his expedition takes that route. venture the prediction of 16 fan Finally Lieutenant Weyprecht, of the German navy, sailed Jast June for the purpose of reaching and exploring King land, discovered by Von Husglia to the east of Spitz- bergen, Tucy did uot succeed in their mission, but revurn~ ing to Norway, telegraphed from Fromsoe, October 4, as follows “Ln September, open sea, followed from 42 degrees to 60 degrees vast iongitude trom Greenwich beyond 73 degrees north longitude, Higheat latitude reached was 7) degrees north on the meridian of 43 degrees east, ‘there tound favorable state of 1ce towards the north, probable connection with the Polynia toward the east; probably the most favor abie route to the North Pole,” ‘Now let us turn to these maps which were made to tlus- trate my address in tho winter of 1808-9, wud have not been changed in the alightest degree, since, and the larzoxt, of which was reduced and Ifthograph copies of it put in the arphiet containing that address, pabliahed by Messrs, Stud- ey Co. in the spring of Lath huve drawn the parajlel of 79 degrees north and the mert- alan of 43 degrees east on both wnaps, and the intersections of those lines fail here exactly in the middie of the path of the Gull Stream, ag I represented it nypothetfcally im 1868, aud in the very gaceway to the open Polar Soa, T therevore again reiterate the convictions expressed in my communications to the President of the Geograpnical Socl+ ety of New York In 864, and which are tho same, substan- tially, that 1 expressed to Dr. Kane in my oltice in we wine ter of 1855-6 —“That the Gulf Stream and Kuro Biwo are the 8 and only cause of the open #en abont ihe Hole, with wvore that dae to the tati- able avenues by which ships can Vole, is by totowing the of thege streams ; thatto nad aad follow theee streamn#the water thermometer is the oly guides and that for tuis reason they may be justiy termed ‘Whe ‘Thertnometsic Gateways to the Pule” THE STORM IV SAV FRANCISCO, Damnge to the Shipping. {From the San Francisco Alta, Dee, 19.) The gale which commenced biowing yesterday morning from the southeast increased ia Loree voward night. During tne day squalls were irequent onthe bay. ‘Tne sea Was very rough at flood tide, @na passcngers on the termes declared that it was the worst storm they bad experienced for years. In some instances Vessels at thelr docks were severely chafed. During the evonuig and night vie scene on the water front was most dismal. The gale howled inthe rigging of the slipping and drove the litte Wharf rais and loungers to seek the sheiter of saloons. To counteract the effect of the damp with- out, much moisture Was taken within, aud te har- bor police were kept on the alert to prevent drunken brous. INCIDENTS ON THE RA’ At about nine A, M. the bark Scotland dragged her anchor und collided with HB, M, war steamer Zealous, She was extricaied by the tugs Wisard and Neptune, having los) ber mizzen mast and main rigging. The Gakland boat was anabie to make her nsual evening trips and was deteiucd on this side all night. Wells, Fargo & Co.'s messengers were iecit across the vay, In making her last trip at 6:30 P,.M. the Ri Capt- tan passed @ schoouer, loaded with wood, drittiag past Goat Island. ‘the whistle was blown, but no auswer being made, It Was supposed that no one was on board of her. The Alameda boat fatled to make her 5:30 P. M. trip, and consequeatly many persons wiv reside across the bay were unabie to reach their homes, ‘Vhe ship Domimon, which was laying of the Pa- cific Mah Steamship Company’s wharf, dragged he anchor and drifted pasty Goat Islaad. When last seen sho Was appareutly about to go ashore on Sheep Island, Aschooner was somewhat damaged at the foot of, Jackson street, Parttowiars not known. On her arrival at Vallejo the Capitan drifted Against the wharf, doing some damage. Coming down she had a very rougt trip and didnot arrive unill five minutes past ten I. M., Uiree-quarters of an hour behind time, ‘The Idaho, whica started on Sanday for Mexican ports and the Volorado River, and daving on board goverminent troops for Arizoaa, was compelled to put back on account of the romgh sea outside, DAMAGE IN THE CITY, In the city the wind rendered umbrotias almost, useless, ‘Che rain was dashed almost horizontally into the faces of pedestrians. The street cars went loaded every trip, aud the sidewaiks, except ia the busiest portions, were aimost deserted. At the corner of Bush and Dupont streets a shed roof.and awning were blown down and completely wrecked, ‘The French plate glass in the window of the Hibernia Savings and Loan Society, on the corner of Montgomery and Market streew, receiving the fuli force of the sudden gusts of wind rushing down the latter street, was broken and serivusly damaged, ‘Two large weeptag willow trees in the garden at No, 654 Howard street were lifted out by the roots And deposited on the sidewalk, ‘The sheds of the Central Railroad Company, on Turd street, near Fillmore, were reported to have been blown down, Particulars not given, Windows were blown In on the corner of Jessie and New Montgomery streets; also in the grocery store at tho corner of Tenth and Bryant streets. ‘Tne chapel of St. Mary’s Cathearal was likewise damaged. The beautiful Goinic windows of Graco church, corner of Stockton and California, were severely injured. The tank ot the Pacitic brewery, on the corner ot Fourth and Tetiama streets, was blown down aud broken in pieces. A fence was blown down on Third street, between Bryant and Stiver, A gentieman was walking at tio time with his wife on the sidewalk, and barely escaped by jumping into the street when the crack ing Of the posts was heard. The conservatory at Woodward's Gardens was wenty Tpaeets anda portion of the Skatisg Kink 0 At about midnight night before tast the occupant of the telegraph station at Point Loves was fear- fa) that the buylding would be blown over tie bank, . The extreme force uf the gale continued more Wan two hours, * IN TRE COUNTRY. The water on the Southern Pacific Railroad, bo- tween San Bruno station and the Seventeen Mile House, was in te atternoon up to the sleepers, In the cut, six miles this side of Watsonyiile, the road. bed was ip very bad condition, Tho water had washed out the 1003e, slimy earth, and if the rain continues to-day as ic dtd yesterday, 16 14 donbiul whewher ie Weis cau rum (there until i is ree paired. Some Anmage {g. also reported on the line of the Cenwal Pacitic Railroad, Windmilis have beoa blown down, but as yet fali paruiculars have not been learned. ‘A large portion of the remaining walla of the Har. ending block were blown early in tne afternoon, hus auving tho negligent city oMcers the trounle of 80 doing. The petition made to the Board of Super. visors last evening may not need any further atten. t Complaining property hoiiers may rest ta THE BURNING OF JANE MLAUOELIN NOTA LAMP EXPLOSION, Coroner Schirmer yesterday heid an inquest in the oase Of Jane McLaughiin, the woman tweuty- 8x years old WeOOn Wednesday night was fatally buraed at S01 West Forty second streot, as previ- ously reported, The police reported the occurrence to have been the result of a kerosene oll lamp ex~ plosiou, but such was hot the case, a3 the lamp dit not explode, The reservoir of the lamp, being flied ‘With @ Non-expiosive gas, was accidentally tited, thus spilling @ portion of the faid on the dress of deceased, setting I¢ on tro. Becouitig frightened dane ran out, and beloro friends could reach her and extingttish the fam? sie Was fatally burned. ie jury returned a yordics Of death from burus ace chiantully recelyed, VALLANDIGHAM. ‘The Secret ‘and Private Political History of the Late Clement L. Vallandigham’s Escapo to Canada Return from Banishwmeat During tue Rebellion, Dayton, Jan. 8, 1872. At the reqnest of your special correspondent, sta- tloned at this potnt, the Rev. J. L, Vallandigham, who Is preparing his brother's (the late Clement L. Vallandigham) btography, has kindly furuisned a fow advauce sheets, from which I have selected the following, illustrating, as it does, a stirring act in the draina of his life, Known but to few: RPTURN FROM BANISHMBNTs On the morning of the Sth day of Muy, 1863, Mr, Vailandigham was violently torn trom his home, aud aller an legal and unjust trial was sent into bantshment. On the evening of the 15th day of June, 1804, he returnei—of his own accord re- turned—and was once moro shettered beneath his own roof, in the bosom of his own family, ‘The circumstances attending his return were highly interesting and excitiug, Before narrating them, however, We will give an account of an at- tempt he made’to retarn some elght or nino months before, and ‘or this account we ure indebted to Dr. J, A. Walters, of Dayton, In a leiter, aated Oo- tober 7, 1871, he say3:— Yours was duly received, in which you wish to know-—fa consequence of ‘my long, ‘iatimate aid coniidential Mona with the Hon, Gy fp Yalandizham 1 Thave n secret or private political history of him that would ve fereat to the public, and that might now be properly made known, and is), whesher would nat furaish it to you Demet + Vailaniigham, as his most coniidential riends all know, had very little private or scoret history as regards hunself, te always appeared to move from fred principies, and’ these priuciples were the same im private és in public, However, in Looking over my pa pers I tind several thiage that may be of pubtic Iniereat, known onty to myself, Knelossd you will find some papers from him that you are at iberty to useit you think them of su‘icieat public interest, But with a view to a proper anderstans'ng of tho clecamatances which gave rise to these papers it wil be necessary for me to give a short explanation, Ail history gives account of premonitions, unseen ences, whic for good or f rhe speaks of guardian angels that watch over us, aud of course impress us for our own good or for the good of Boarcely any of us but do acts for which we are unable at the time to givea reason, but which in due oourse of events is made to appear pla, ‘This ayparent digression will explain itaoif as we progress, Mr, Vallandigham arrived In Windsor, Ganada, opposite Detroit, about the 24th day of Auzust, 1888, and took rooms at the Hirons Houss, Ln the forepart ‘of September follows fog, I, in company with » friend, spent several days with him at his new quarters, In afew wooks atter my return home I bogan to feel an almost irresistible desire to visit him again; yet I knew of no reason A suould, 1 had nothing new to commiunteate (o him, neituer could E conceive that he had anything of faterest to Communicate to me. would reason myself into the belief that it was worse than folly for me to Visit him unier the cireunstances, hay been there only a few weeks before, Itried to banish the tea from my mind, but it would noc down at my bidding; and the promptings to go appeared ‘to Strengthen With my desire to get rid of them, Yielaing to these strong and apparentiy irresistible iniluences, | again foflne Bible visited him on the 2%b of Sepiembe: the night, and found bin in his room wit Dew troit, to whom he Introduce me, and gaid:— this fea coniidentlal friend of mine, with him everything {a sale; we will communicate to him our eutive business, wid heat whatihe thinks ot it,” He then stated toat Lo had just com leted an arrangement with Mr. Pugh, by wi i in Toledo on the night of October 1 was going sixteen miies below Deiroit, wou! that on that day he nthe Detroit River, Canada sive, and that Mr. Pugh was to stavion horses for himevery ten miles, on the opposite side of the river, to Toledo; that he would cross the river in the night and’ go through to Toledo a time for the tain to Lima the saine Voorhees, Merrick and others speak in to night, Said he: ‘Toledo on the evening of "that aay, ant I intend speak ut that meeting with them, and to stump the State unui the elgctic ut to Kiump the State a® Bro: Now,” sald he, “we will hear what determined purpore ot mine to vindle cate, as I claim, a sacred and const tutional rhy citizen slould ever yleld but with his tive.” 1 hy lection of ever feclin gm ull my life such an irre minatfon to prevent any act or occarrence as I did to pre- vent him from the execution of theae plans, as I tirmly be- heved their execution could resit in nothing but disaster fo himself, if not to the peace, and quict of the State, Ned tmmediately, and with as much force aa I mand, thet 60 sure he did crows he ‘was a dead oman; that the wid oniaval influence which always takes posses. sion of «portion of the people In time of war had, by the action of ministration press, been ail turned againat Im; that ander this infuence 1 believe thousands stood ready to take his lite, and would do. tt with a conscientions belief that they were ‘doing God and their conntry servi ontinued the #ntdject until tweive Mr. Pagh left and we o'clock that night, wud more or 1es4 all the next day, 1 used ment gud resoried to every device that f thoaght Would ih any way bear Woon. the euse, but all to no eifeot, ‘The arrangements were ail made, and go he would, to vind! cate a right which be claimed was nearer and descr to hia than life iteclt. That even! I bade him goody, and went down to the river with a view of crossing for home, bot did act feel satiaiied; and while waiting for the Ganada train to come in, f' resolved to retarn end spend anotuer might wito him, and see if Toould not mak some linpr ‘on him in his ate tempt to crows, I did again, but with no better # noxt m hi Tt0ok leave of him, Lremarked with much feeling ant gre earnestacss that I hoped to & come np thi evening by which he would rom crossing the river. Ho ied that be very mach in special pre ences, and that i€ an occurrence of that kind should take piace he scarcely knew what his action might be. ‘This was the first evidence he exhibited that anything contd swerve him from his purpose, ant showed that while he was ng to ail human Inddences, he was 10 yield to What mixut be a providenal manifestatton.. Before 1 left ho handed me @ writen adaress to the people of Ohio. (which you will find enclosed), and requested me, as soon as L heard by tolecrapl or otherwise, of his ¢ iat Oblo, to hand itty hie mea L, Robertson, and have hina publish it int noire, and send copiss to ths leadiug papers thronghout the State, About ten o'clock that day It Gommenca storming and rainiog, and continued throuzbout the entifo day aod into the night. Ho went down in the alternvon of that day through the xtorm to the Intended. place ot crossing, The tls point fs about a mile aid @ quarter wide, and, her way of crossing bat a small rkif, with the ng high, and fo the night, the crossing would be ieat degree harardons; and no doubt it red a with what Thad said) & pr for some ftire tse ulna: he attempt. the following despateh from “DeTROLT, Oct. 2, 1853, AUT RRES— can't be seat, The next day 1 reeeived the following 1 land igham :— [Private] “y inpson, Canada, Or “MrT AL W “rhe old ‘rom Me, Val- ctober 2, 18: «My Dran D: an and 0% Bat mi extra exe TOR—The storm Was & more si than you; no here I am awaiting re- now, I depend.on you and all of you to na ‘to bri De aud Montgomery np tothe highest mark. I hi written Pagh to be ely at D.on the Win, nay, Proton, go to work aud ¢ guod news on Tul sii on vee Thc, ta VATI" Mr. Vallandigham was a firm believer in Provt- dence, and, judging from this providentiol Inndrance thatthe time for ium to return had not et come, he resolved to patiently walt @ ‘tittle longer. Besides this, he knew chat his friends had determined to bring his caso before the Supreme Contt of the United States in the wiuter, and, though he was not sanguine as to the result, he considered if pis duty to do nothing further tH that result should be known, He had contt- dence m rhe Conrt, but his case was of so extraordl nary acharacter that he supposed tt most probable that no provision for 1s legal redress had ever been made, the early framers of ouc constitution and laws not foreseeing or deeming it possible tat such a wrong as that to which he had been sub+ jected would ever occur under onr free tnstituttons, ‘He wasright in his conjecture, for such substaue tially was the dectsion of the Court, He now determined himself to redress the wrong which had been tuMicted upon him, to recover the liberties of waien be had been deprived, the rights which had been tllegally and votlently taken from him, or perisit in the attempt, and only awai a favorably Ume, ‘That time at length came, and the sigatagem to which he resorted to accomplish tis periious purpose we will now briefy detail, * * * Two lo, cou . STEWART'S HUSBANDS, Last One Husbands ing— the Brenks Her Noses Jacob Stewart, a dilapidated looking colored man, thirty-nine years of age, restding at No, 33 South Fifth avenue, was arrested on Thursday night, by OMcer Jonnson, of the Eighth precnet, upon com- plaint of his wite, Josephine, who charged him with agsauliing her, The woman upon appearing be- fore Justice Ledwith, at Jefferson Market, yesterday morning, stated that while standing on the street on Thursday night in conversation with a male friend her husband put in an appearance and commenced to upbraid her for her faithlessness to the marital law, Sie made some evasive reply to him, aud commenced langhing, which so enraged the Injured Stewart that he drew a large club from under his coat and hit her several blows on the fore- head and nose, nearly breaking tho latter, She com plained that her nose was in such a flattened conde tion that she disturoed all the occupants of ble house during the night from her loud and repeated snoring, The woman’s shouts, however, brongat tho offiver to her assistance, who prevented Stewart trout Irarassing her to any greater extent. She was conveyed tw the Prince are palve station aud locked up tor the balance oi the Rig! Yenteray morning the parties ‘appeared before Justice Ledwith, at Jedersou Market, where the Wounan preferred her complaint, adding that every time he caine tneontact wih her be abused and heat her, and sie had come to the conclusion that she had recetved enough punisnmens at his hands When asked what he had to say im relerence to the charge Stewart adiaitted the beating, bub siated 1b Was justifiable, Wien asked how It was jastifiable for any man tobeata woman he replies Your Honor, about a year ago J married thas woman after a lew weeks’ Courtsiip, she representing to me that sho was a single woman, After itving with her about six: months llearned she had avother husband living, who bad left her, and from Whom she had never 0b- tained a divorce,” L accoused her ot it and she ade jnitted that tt wagtrae, About this time tho Orst Dusvand, who had. been out of the eny, returned, Dosoreioe me and went to live with ‘nim at 95 ‘Alien street; and Ell tel Your Honor when 1 find her hanging around the Eighth ward my feelings overcome me aad Tean't keep my hands of her.’ The womal in reply, admitted the charge, but stated noituer one Was good lor anything, as neither contrivuted 4 cent towards her pre pie und she had todo the best sheconld to support herself, Justice Leawith, thinking Stewart the injured party, jold him (o go home and keep his hauds of the woman 1a the fatare, Professor Heman H. Sanford, of the Syrnense Tnts versity, WhO had been traveling in Ope, is OX 7 ted to return 1a ate days THE COURTS. The Callender Case—The Erie Litigation—Allegod Emberzioment in the Post Office—Maritimo Lions—MoNevins, the Convict, Granted a New Trial—The Fisk Tragedy Before the Grand Jury of Oyer and Ter- miner—A Collision Case and Verdict—Action for Alleged Slander—Business in the General Sessions, UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. Tadividual Butchers of New Orleans Contest« ing the Privileges Claimed by , tho Crescent City Corporation, WASHINGTON, D, ,, Jan, 12, 1872, No. 61.—Paul Estoben et al. vs, State of Loutsiana, and two other cages—In error to the Supreme Court of Loutslana,—In these case and others famiiiar to the public the plaintiffs were enjoined by the State Court from purchasing certain lands and erect- ing certain docks in the transaction of thelr business as vutoners In New Orleans—tho Court holding that the Crescent City Live Stock Landing and Slaughier House Company wero entitied by tue laws of tie State to the sole und exs clusive right to carry on that business in the clty for twenty-five a (he platatids claiming that they act been engaged in the business prior to the ane thorization, and assert that weir privileges and im- munities a8 citizens are abridged by we State action, and that they have been deprived of ther rights and protits without their consent, and that, therefore, the authorization of the company 18 a Violation of tho federal constitution and is vod, the dominion asserted by the Stare not ‘being wirhia its power, but within the authority of the United states. “Ou the other hand 1t 18 contended that the act is one of policy, adopted by the State to promote saiubrity, security and pub- le oraer in the procurement and consnmption of animal food, and tuat these interests ure under the exclusive guardianship of the State, and no law of the United States nor authority of the Untied States can legaity interfere with its discretionary control. The cases have been before stated, when beiore tho Court at the close of the December term, 1869, On & Motion to enforce the supersedeas on the writ of error. J. A. Campbell and J. Q. A. Fet- lows tor plainuns in ervor, L. J. Durant for de- tendants, UNITED STATES CiRCUIT CQUIT, Criminal Prints, Yevterday Jndge Benedict resumed the hearing of criusmal casos. All The't In the Post ONtes. The trial of Jonn GO, Bertholf, who had been tn- dicted for embezzling $10 trom a registered letter, Was again called on at the sitting of the Court. It lasted all day, General Hillyer, counsel for defend- ant, made anable and eloquent address to the jury, contending that the evidence offered for the prose- cutton showed @ Conspiracy to rum a respectabio and well conducted young man, ‘the jury, after a brief consutiation, rendered & verdict OL not gully, thus honoravly acquitting the accused. Charge of Passing Counterfeit Nickels. Charles 8, Radke was put upon trial on an indict- Ment charging him With passing five cent counter i nickels. ‘The jury acquitted the delendant with. Out leaving their box. ‘Lhe Coust was Lien adjourned to Monday next. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT—IN ADMIRALTY, Maritime Liens. Yesterday, in the matter of the surplus and rem. nants of the ship Edith, Jadge Blatchford, in ren- dering his decision agatnst the payment of th claim of Brickingham & Co., lays down the follow. ing legal principles:— _ That it 1s the recogntzed law of the Courts of tho Uniied States chat a maritime len does not arise on @ contract for materiala and snpplies furnished to @ vessel in her home port, even though such Contract may be @ maritime contract. It 18 aiso a principle re nized by those Courts that in respect to @ maritime contract tor materiais and supplies furnished to a vessel in her home port the Stare may lawinily create sucn Itens As it deems proper, not amounting to a re,ulation of commerce, and may enact, in enforcing such liens, reasonable regniations, If the seizure of a vessel under & warrant 1s void, 8 bond given to ob- tain the release of the veasel from custody 18 also void, In the United States itis undoubtedly true that where the proceeds are rightiulty in the pos. session of the Court of Admiralty it 1s an iherent Incident to the jurisdiction of the Court to entertain supplemental suitts by the parties in interest to as- cerlam to whom such proceeds righiiully belong. Tho Erie Railwgy Litigation. Yesterday Mr. Coleman, the Receiver, attended be- fore the Master, Mr, Kenneth G. White, and pre sented the certificate for 12,736 shares of Erie stock remaining in his bands, and announced his readl- ness to transfer thia stock to Heath and Raphael, the English shareholders, in pursuance of the order. The Erie Raliway Company produced new certif- cutes of the shares in question, together with the writien request of the Krie company Dy Mr. J Gould, tts Presideat, to the Farmers’ Loan an ‘vrust Compauy to register the stock. As soon as the shares are registered they wil! be handed over to cath and Raphael through tuelr legal represent- auive. Thus a fiual result bas been reached in a most important branch of this Erie Rauway ware UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS’ COURT. The Case of Ciurles Callender, Before Commissioner Osborn. The United States, vs. Charles Catlener,--The further heariag of the case of Charles Callender, the bank exanuner, was resumed to-day, Mr. Noah Davis, the District Attorney, appeared for the government, and Mr. Willlam Fullerton aud Mx. Joseph Bell for the defendant. TESTIMONY OF MR. FANCHER, Mr. Fancher, one of the directors of the Ucean Nattonal Bank, testified as follows:—About October 1 Imet the defendant at the Ocean Bank; he told me then that he had not lately examined the affairs ofthe bank; 1 desired im to make such av exami- nation and report upon it; some few days after he told me he was making such @xamination; on Ucto- ber 4 or5 he attended a meeting of the Board of Directors; he said then that he had examined ito the affairs of the bank; I asked him Wf le would pat in writing a siatement of the result of his examination; ho did #0; he also siated that the Portage Lake bonds wonld soon be fixed so that they would be paid; I did not under- stand that Callender owned any ot such bonds which were in the bank; the President of the bank said, at ® meeting of the board of directors, that he had been offered forty cents on the dollar for these bonds, and that he thought they would soon bring sevenly cents on the dollar; nothing, to my knowledge, contained in the statement made by Cajleuder of the affairs of the bank has since then proved to be false; he wags wrong in his opinion ot te valine of some of the stock heid by the bank, but in his statement of facts thing heis correct; the Chicago fire had a baad effect upon the bank, and other things happened after Callender made his statement to atfect the stock heid by the bank; some of it was depreciated; about the me of Callender’s examiuation | was Satisfied that the business of the bank Was increase ing; 1 did not at that time examine the cash items ‘ol the bank, and [ consider taem the most impor. tant; if there had been no Chicago fire, and ine bank had continued to Increase a8 Lt Was doing be- fore tne fire, it would have becn sate to have bought the bank stock at sixty-five or seventy-five cents on the dollar; 16 was, during @ period of three months, instead of one month, ag stated, that, in nis opinion, the atfairs of were in @ very favorable condition, and that a maa courd afford to buy the stock of the bank at $1.10; that, within a few months, the bank had made about forty thousand dollars, and tnat it could soon make @ aividend; Mr. Catlender stated that the Wasnington and Alexandria Katiroad stock should not appear ag assets of tha bank, and that stock was removed from the assets; he added that he had Juaged of the affairs of tne bank froin the most reli- able sources of inlormation he eould obtain; I was not aware the defendant had the bank until after the appoimtment of a receiver; L felt satisfea that defend- ants éxamination of the bank's afluirs ‘was correct; mr. tweed aud Mr. Corson were dle rectors Of the bank, but I never saw them at a me eting of the Board of Directors. Tweed owed the bank $100,000, but ne paid it Lelore @ receiver Was appointed; | wanted an examinauon of the bark made, 80 that the dealers with it could be protected if there was anything Wrong; It was about a week pefore a meeting of the directors that L asked Cal- lender to examine Into the affairs of tae Lea Cross-examinedt—betore deleadant made his re. Per ne stared (hat the bank made $30,000; the capl+ ai stock Of the DANK Was $1,000,000, ‘Tue case Was then adjourned, Charge of Embezziing Letters in the Post Office. Before Commissioner Shields, The United States vs, Michael J, Murphy,—The defendant had been charged with embezzling lee ters from the Pest Oftco, of which he was an official, Yesteraay the Commussioney rendered his decision, holding that, on the evidence, there Was no groan for sending the case to the Grand Jury. The de- fondant Was honorably discharged, SUPREME COURT—GENERAL, TERM. MeNevins to Have a New Trial. Refore Judges Ingraham, Barnard and Cardozo, ‘The Court yesterday decidea to grant William H. MoNevins, at present serving © verm tn Sing Sing on Conviction Of & Charge of mansianghter, a new trial. Judge Cardoza wao delivered the opiuion of tue Court, held thas on an indictment for murder Jury may convict the prisoner of any inferior ree of the offence, and that the Judge erred in ‘using, pursuant to the request of counsel, to charg to this effect. It waa hela further that tne jor, might on thé evidence have found the prisdl guuty of manslaughter in the fourth degre. O'Keli Retused a New Trial. In tho case of William O’Kell, convicted of ror calving with a guilty knowledge vonds stolen ‘rons, the Norwalk Bank, the Court yesterday aecided that he conld not have @ now trial. An appeal wad taken from the verdivt on tie ground chat tae bonds were not properly deserived in tia idiot ment and not suiliciontly connected with him, and® also that the Court was not properly organized, All these potnts were ovorruled by Juvige Ingrahaw, who dellyered the opmion of the Court, Otuer Decisions. the Binw Saltns et al. ys. Pruyn et al.—Decree of Surrogaty reversed, Elisha Bloomer ys. Thomas F, Sturges.—Aa th udges disagree the case 13 ordered Lo the Secon epariinent, ‘rederick 8. Kirtland et al. vs, Daniel F, Sehanct et al.—Judginent reverseu und new trial ordered, costs to abide event, Gotthey Hausman vs, Frasmns Stirling. -Order! afirmed, wita $10 coat and disbursements). James L, Mitchell va Cassius M. Reoaa.—Judgment amrmed, with co: In re ttenry P, Balbridge et al.—Order aMrmedy With $10 costs, Charies Turner vs. William 8, Lee,.—Judgment afirined, with coxts, . Russell Sturges et al. vs. Paul N. Spofford’ et al Order auirmed, with $10 costs. Philip F, Pestor vs, Amos J’, Hatfeld et al.—Appeat dismissed, with $10 Cosis. ‘ Curt Suriver va. Charles C. Taber et al,—Judgmént, afMirmed, witu costs, wath Marine Bank of Chteago vs, Tunls Van Bruit. Order atiirmed, with $10 costa. ce s Lewis B. Howe vs, Samuel B. Potter.—Order af rmed, Jsaac FE, Smith, &¢,, vs, Nelson Holland et al.— Juagment armed, wien costs, ‘The People ex Shelton vs, Henrietta Gowen. Judgment adirmed, with costs, Willlain Watson vs, David L. Gardiner.—Order re versed, Without costs, Willlam J. Stokes vs. Jeremiah §, Johuson et al.—< Judgment alirmed, with costs, COURT OF OYER AND TERMINER. Tue Grand Jury Lovestigatiog Tragedy. The subject of the nurder of the lafé Jamet Fisk, Jr., underwent examination yesterday befor¢ the Grand Jury of this Court, Nearly ail day wag employed ty the examination of witnesses; and au Jadictment against stokes ts Ikely to be handed’ 1 qu Monday, When Ue Court meels again, SUPREME COURT—SPECIAL TERM. ués by the New Amsterdam Dive Tad syrance Companys Before Judge Barnard, In the matter of tho Now Amsterdam Fire In. surance Company, on 2pplication for Instructions by E. R, Meade, counsel for Receiver, Mr, Cassady, the Court directed the payment of a tirst dividend, of uwenty-live per ccut to creditors of the sufferers by the Chicago tre. This company was tte last td be placed in the hands of a receiver, and now iW recelver, lt sccius, 1s the first to pay dividend, SUPREME COURT—CHAMBEAS. Decisions. By Judge Barrett. Shepard et al. vs, Weiss et el.—Default opencd upon payment of trial fee and $10 costs of this mo- tion and upon defendants supulating to try (tt reached) upou the Lit mst. Clark et ul. vs. Muyward.—Motion dented, with $10 costs. In the Matter of the Petition of Mary RB. MeDere pare Custoly of tie child awarded’ to the peti loner, SUPEMIOR COUR T—SPECIAL TEAM. Decisions, By Judge Barbour, Myers vs. 1azard,—Motion granted, Connor v3. Ehrlich,—Order @raated. Paine vs. Ruder.—Same, Youug vs, Luet.—Judgment on demurrer. By Judge Freedman, Donnell ys, Doauell. joulon gralited. SUPERIOR COURT—TAIAL TEAM—PART |, A Deliberative Jury—Their Verdict of Daaia agen, Before Judge Freedman, Fielsch! vs, Mason & Co.—This was the suit for $10,000 dymages through the plaintuf, while driving in Central Park, being run into by a hack pelgnat Ing to the defendants and thrown to the Alter thirty hours’ meditation upon the subject of the damages to be awarded the jury man to har. monize yesterday, aud brougnt lu a verdict for $o0t for the plainuimt CCURT CF COMMON PLEAS~SPECIAL TEAM. Decisions. By Judge Loew. Jewett vs. Brout.—Mouon granted. Leviness vs, Clauseu,—Moulon denied, without Costs, Bomfel va. The New Jersey Central Rallroad Com- pany.—Mouon to open deiault denied, Taylor vs. Kyan.—See memorandum for counsel) Hunt va. Kelly.—Motion granted, Robinson ys. Brinkerkoil,—Motion granted, Lorenz vs. May.—Mowon to discharge all attach. oe seems property of defendants granted, wit cos By Judge Lerremore, Klaber vs, Lowenstein.—Motion granted, without COsts. By Judge Joseph F. Daly. Gross va. Scott.—Judgment amended by stricing out, complaint dismissed aod motion denied, des fendants, &e, Woll va. Coulter,—Motlon may stand for ten Gays Vosburgh vs, Brewster et al.—Case setued. Frank vs. Luweustein.—Molion dented, Novih Natioual Bauk va. Baker.—Motion gmanteds WASINE COURT—PART 3, Acilon for Alleged Slander, Beiore Judge Joachimseu, Ferris vs, MeDevitt.—This action is brougnt by the plaintafy, a clerk in the employ of Diossy & Coe law book publishers, at 86 Nassau street, to recover $1,000 for alleged slander, In July, 1870, the de+ fendant m the case sued for a bill of injunction, 1m the City Court of Brooklyn, to restrain Diosay & Co, from pasting their advertisement over and covering up the auverlixement Of the defendant in this case In the Albany Law Journal, a woekis paper published in the imterest of the legal protes-! sion, On the trial Of that case the piaintift swore. to a ceriain stato of facis—to wit, that he paw anovuer cierk, named Joyo 8. McGoldrte, pasted the advertisement Of Diossy & Co. over ine advertisement OF the defendant without authority, and that he bad clipped the advertisement which he used out of some old circulars, and that they were not printed for the express par: ose of covering up the defendant's advertisement nh October, 1871, the defendant told a clerk in tit employ of Diossy & Co., in Fulton street, that vb Plaintiff had sworn to a lie, and that “a young mai who would swear to a ile would do anything,'? and aiso that he would not hayo a clerk in his.employ who would sell himsell;” and furthers that the defendant said of the plainti® while in the Btoré of Shattock Bros, in Nassau street, “4 De had sworn to a lie in the suitin Brooklyn.” = The Plaintiff claims that the words used by the defedds Ant imputed perjury, and, in consequence, injured’ his good name and reputation. A large amountiof testimony was taken, both pro and con, up to the hour of avjournment, The case will be resumed ow Monday nex COURT OF GENERAL SESSIONS. Larcenies and Burglaries. Beiore Judge Bedford, Assistant District Attorney Sullivan prosecuted yesterday, and a number of cases were disposed of, but none of particular Interest. John Connors was tried and convicted of bur: glariously entering the liquor store of James. Rey» nolds, 241 West Eighteenth street, and stealing $t worth of cigars and $150 In pennies. As the souer bad previously served a term tn the St Prison the Judge sentenced hia for the full term five years in the State Prison, . Patnick Lea was convicied of stealing two. coats from Jones E. Taylor, No. 17 bethune street, Om the 20th of Decemoer, and sent to the State Prison for. one year. Néitle Elkins pleaded guilty to an accept ap |e larceny ta stealing, on the 23d of December, wo silk dresses from Marcus Rosenthal, and Was sent to (he Penitentiary lor one year, William Horton, @ boy, Was trled and convic! of burglary, he baving, on tne zéth of Decembery, entered tne cellar of Lows Kielmann, NO. 1 nue O, and atiempied to steal 100 pounds of tot Being under sixteen years oi age the Court sent hing, to the House of Reluge, . John Body, @ youth, Was tried apona Of atone ee dwelling house of William Tho! an No, 459 West Thiriy-secoud street, and stealing $0; worth of property, but theevidence was only sliglty and the jury reudered a verdict of not Quilty. Joba i, Cooley, @ colored man, Who Was charge. with cutting Ellen Hail jo the arm witt & KOU ot the 1th of December, Was acquitted. ad SENTENCES. William Goodmen, who picaded guilty on Thurs. day to petty larceay, was sentenced Lo 61% months’ imprisonment in the Penitentiary and dned $2 ‘ane Loughtin, who pleaded guilty to larceny. from the person, was Scub to the Pententiaty fuy one year. Michael Casey, guilty of petty larceny, was sent to the Penitentiary for six months, Sarah E, Garr, who pleaded gulity to larceny, Wat sent to the venivenuary for one month, Henry Powers, ath, was placed at the bar charged With stealing some pearl buttons 1 ate employer Mt, Hummel Wformed tue Ugutt Wine