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1S CUBA FOR SALE? The Spanish Cortes Lashed Into a Tre- mendous Fury on the Subject. EFFORT TO UPSET THE MINISTRY Propositions Made to the Govern- ment for the Sale of Cuba. @RE MINISTERIAL COUNCILS SECRET? Men of Respectable Opinions Have Lost Hope of Saving (nba, @ SHOT FROM THE REPUBLICANS. Stormy Scene, in Which Prominent Men of All Parties Take a Part. ‘ Maprim, Nov. 16, 1871. Sefio) Zorrilia and his party have decided to make @ bold dash for power, by bringing in a vote of want of confidence in the Malcampo Ministry. Debates have begun which, for ferceness and intensity, for Jength and for Giagraceful personailties, bid fair to surpass anything ever yet known in Spanish politics, ‘Tne ball. hasbeen opened by Sefior Moncasi, who moved the following resolution:— We ask the Congross to be pleased to declare that % sees with displeasure the continuation of the Ministry, Which does not represent any of the politi- —y Parties of the Ubamber, which 1s not supported any of the poecal forces of the nation, and can- Rot, consequently, resolve any of the questions ‘which interest the country. N MONOASI, MANU: RAMARON PASAROD, ROMERO GiRON, JOSE RIVE! SABINO HERKERA, GALLEGO DIAZ, JOSE MARIA VILLAVICENCIO. Sefior Moncasi, in a short ana concise speech, ‘moved that this resolution “be taken into constder- atton.” Minister Candau, tor the government, as- sented, as he said the government were quite reaay for any battie their enemies chose to give them. <Muanimously, therefore, the House agreed to take It <imto consideration. Battle was instantly given by ‘se governmental party, in the shape of a propost- ‘won to oust the question altogether, introduced by Befior Navarro y Rodrigo, a notay unionist, a bosom ‘mend of Sefior Sagasta, and a bitter enemy, poilt- ‘@eally and personally, of sefior Zorrilia. I cannot enter into all the arguments of Sefior Navarro, for ‘ee has not yet done speaking on his proposition, ‘mor would they interest your readers much at so great a distance irom the scene of theaffray. 1 must, Rowever, give you THE PART RELATING TO CUBA, ‘Which he introduced with mtent to rouse the House against Zorrilla, under the insinuation that he (Zor- Filla) had at one time proposed the sale of Cuba in @ Council of Ministers. He spoke covertly, but with @nevident meaning to hurt. He had been letting | ff no end of personalities, and then he added, with #eaneer at the “giories’’ of the Ministries in which Gefior Zorritia had formed a part:—“I have kept on Parpose out of this fatvering picture the dark shadows of the question of Ultramar, respecting ‘Which I might say much, although not having been present at any of the Ministerial Councils 1 am not ‘tae best fitted to penetrate into the obscurities and ‘the profundities of this question—to know who had M@vst faith in the Spanish race, and believed we @ould maintain alott our banner in the island of ‘Ouba—who had faith in the eMctency of our forces ‘@0 maintain intact the integrity of the territory, and ‘who were those who believe! in the convenience of gelling Cuba, though disbelieving that we had strength enough and decision enough to prevent ‘tae dismemberment of tne territory \" At this point, it being after seven o'clock P. M., President Sagasta interrupted the orator and re- munded bim that it was past the closing time and that he must suspend his speech, Navarro y Rodrigo sat down accordingly, when up rose Ruiz Zorrilla and said:-— ZORRILLA RISKS FOR AN EXPLANATION. YorRILLs4—Mr, President, I have to make a brief protest upon a point touched upon by the last Speaker, which affects my honor. I beg you will permit me to do it, with the good pleasure of the Chamber. President SacasTa—Altnough It is not according to rule yet you may do it. ZoRRILLA—I thank the President and the Cham- ver. I am not at present going to answer Sefior Navarro on any of bis points, but I rise to protest against the only one in which he did not name me, but Which, nevertheless, appears directed expressly © me. In the press there have been allusions to ‘the same thing, 80 disguised that I could not find therein my right to carry them to the tribunal: Sefior Navarro said he wished light shed here, an ep ample treatment of the question of Ultramar. Talso desire the same, But he hgs made an alla son which obliges 106 to ask him if tt was to me he feferred when he said that there had been some in $e Council of Ministers who proposed the sale of ba. Navarno RopRiGo—I havo to repeat that it was wot I who was avie to penetrate into the obscurities: @nd the profundities of the question of Ultramar; wat I believe selor Zorrilla ought to thank me for giving bim the opportunity of demonstrating nere, seeing that he cannot do it elsewhere, that these in- #invations, when used against ills Exceliency, aro calumnies. Your readers wii observe the skill with which Wavarro fenced wit the direct question. With evi. @ent annoyance Zorrilla rose, ZoRRILLA—I thank Seior Navarro for all he has said against me w-day and yesterday, and also, in anticipation for what he may yet say of me. 1 could mot have let the night pass without protesting against his grave asseveration. I am now only going to speak of it, and not of his entire specch When the debate on the Ultramar comes I will = ac- sept it with pleasure. But as 1 fear tt'may be delayed or may not come at all, 1 can- mot wait ull then for this point to be cleared up. I @upplicate not only sefior Topete, but all those who Bave been Ministers with me since the revolution, fosay here ali they know of roy opinions and my ects on this point, Let them tell all they know of what J manifested whenever we spoke of Cuba. Les them have no delicacy or consideration for me, for Trequire nothing but justice where my honor 1s con- cernea. What I desire to show the country ts Semented on 4 solid basis, and in nothing can my Bonor be so strongly attacked as in questions rolae fing to the integrity of tbe country. I therefore beg ‘be Chamber not to break up to-night before clear- Sng up Lis pot, and Lefore it is stated whea, how @r On What Occasion and in what form 1 have sata or even (ought about what Selor Navarro has been Bola enough to indicate. Speak, therefore, Selor Wopete | speak, Senor Avala! speak, Senor Ardanaz! jet us know everything for certainty. If 1 could proposed euch @ ting J should consider my- @eif UNworluy W it among you. THS LOUSK RESOLVED FO BIT IT OUT. Presidevt HavasTa remarked Luat Lue Lour of the rules had passed, and that the first tuing to be done was Wo cousuil le House us to whether they should rolong (he session Aud Continue “tis singular de- fate The quesion Was accordingly put, and we use unanimously agrecd to “oll ito he apoke more of liimsei! than lie did of At any rate ody else, aud he did not seem over kind to Tila. As Ww (he rea) question at issue, be jeft it fast where it was. WHAT ADMIKAL TOPETE TO BAY. Torere said:—" i he President right ip calling is a ‘singular debate.’ 50 irregular is the manner ® Which it has come avout thal J, who always speak emburrassed by the respect ] tee) for we Uhamwer, to-night kuow vot now to begin, Tam sure Sevor Zora will believe tnat J have had no ip this allusion, Be has invited #peak. J cannot say to bim = any- so1g oiber than 1 have never Jost eipher ibe hope that the Isiend of ba (which J hove a@ Ope OF its sous) suas Ve presel 0 Bpain, 4 ‘imi a our po’ to prceerve there the in- ‘of our Jersiors. Becerra Was aways NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, Youant not should 1 d dU oug’ more, wor should 1 descend to pariiculars ‘whion 1@. mot affect the case.” MUM’S THR WORD. 1 must say this was very naughty of the hero of Caaiz. To me bis answer certaimiy gave the Im- ‘ession that he knew more than be Chose to tell. waded the “concrete allusion” altogether— namely, had Zorrilla ever hinted m & Council of Ministers the advisability of selling Cuba. Your Teaders will observe Topete confined bis remarks to Is own sentiments, adopted the (in this case) ungenerous course of ‘mum's the word.” Sefor Navarro spoke se, as follows:—‘'For the truth or for the injustice of What 1] may have said or may say of Seiior Zornlla he has no occasion 10 give me thanks, As respecis the point raised I have not cited Sefor Zorrilia, but Lhave nothing to add respecting the conduct of those governments to whon | alluded after the elo- quent and significant words of Seior Topete.” WON'T BE MISUNDERSTOOD, ZorwiLLa—Sedor Navarro has founded a real accu- sation in the words of Seior Topete, and this point must be clearea up. He has indicated, more or less Indirectly, that there was a@ Minister Who proposed the sale of Ouba, and now he impiies that | was that Minister. ne you wish me to repeat what I sald GORRILL4A—With much pleasure. NavakRO—I repeat now that I said it was not 1 ‘Who ought to treat of une question of the Ultramar, for upon it other orators would Kk, who could with more authority penctrate Into the obscurities Of the question, and thet when they spake thay Would demonstrate who were those who had hopes Of the salvation of Cuba and faith ip the mtegrity of our race and of our country. I said that when of ums qnestion we should know who held these Dopes the wost strongiy, and I added that then we should learn whether or not the sale of the Island of Ouba had been proposed, | repeat what I said. TWO POINTS. ZORRILLA—Here are two points, jt is my duty to accept as re} the words of Seaor Tue frst point 1s that there had been Ministers who bad more and others who bad salvation of Cuba. Covid the volunteers have been more efficiently aidea vy reinforcements sent out, and could these have saved Cuba or not? Un this Point we will due time. But the second ry point ts the one to be cleared up this very night, aad in this 1] complain of Sefior Navarro y Kodrigo, who spoke of what he had heard of what passed io ® council of Ministers, NavaRRO—Oh, read in the newspapers, ZORRILLA—A press, hke the Spanish, which, if it has grand and worthy represeutatives, has aiso newspapers which appear fo be dedicated to no other object than to caluminate and insult publie men to whom they are opposed—no one ought to make accusations here from what is satd in the newspapers. My friend, Sefor Topeie, has said the question is grave, and he has made be salvedades which he 1s accustomed to make. He has said he always had faith in the salvation of Cuba; but it would appear that in sayl this some might think he meant to indicate that he didn’s know if all his vther com} ap the Ministry had the same faith that the island shonid continue being a Spanish province. Very well, “@ mi no me duelen prendas 1” ToPETE—Nor me either.) aupntarsl don’t complain of Seilor Topéte or of anybody. Zorriita then put the straigat question to Topete, and Lo it Topeve gave IGHT REPLY. A STRAl ZORRILLA—Sefior Topete, do you remember—(this 1s a grave question to be cleared up)—do you re- member that in any of the Cabinets of which we two have formed @ that Iairectly or indirectly al- Ss Juded to the mule of the Island of Cuba’ TOPETE—No, Many VolcEs—Enough! erough! (Basta / basta !) ‘MOBE LIGHT, ZORRILLA—NO, it 18 pot enough. I am not of those men who, in ques- tions of honor, fear the light. If neces- , We ought t6 prolong this session sixty hours, 1 will not retire to my house until it 1s cleared up. 1 will not leave the post to my adversaries, however much it may inte! them to act thus. I ask Seilor Ardanaz and Seior Ayala and Seior Becerra, whom e t, and who have been with me in vari- ous cabinets, to tell the whole trath as to what I manifested in all our Councils of Ministers. Let them tell the whole truth tothe Champer, As re- co what others may bave said, I do not ask them Bay anything that may damage the cause we all desire to sustain; butin whatever refersto me let them say everything. THE PROPOSITIONS MADE TO THE GOVERNMENT. ToreTB—I believe the Chamber and Sellor Zorrilla will do me the justice to be- lieve have no dal raat! in allusions of -Seilor . Navarro, the Cham- ber believe 1 had anything to do with what the press has said? (Loud cries of “No, no.”) } answered with a round ‘no” when Seilor Zorrilia put me the concrete question, but as he has raised tne curtain little cannot help speaking. He has dividei the question = into two parts: First—Did he make propositions for the sale of Cuba, To this I answered no. ondly, he wished to have reproduced the opintons advanced pa eae greater or less faith in the sal- vation of Ouba, I must Seflor Beverra and I hod more hopes than he had. Sefor Becerra even offered to go out to. Cuba, I added that I would not go under the orders of Sedor Malcampo or Caballero je Rodus, As'to other matters, propositions were made to the Spanish government for the sale of Cuba, aud | said that if this question came to a dis- cussion in the Council I would on that. very instant retire frou the ininistry, ‘ihe sale of Cuba was not posed by Sefior Zorrilla. id he support it? ST HOPE OF SAVING CUBA. ToPrrTE—! have not to answer you, dut J will tell you that men of very respectable opinions had lost hope of saving Cuba. Nothing was said of wishing tosell it, We arespeaking of grave questions, in which the honor of the dead and the living 1s con- ‘ cerned. I will defend that of the first ever and in ali He who 1s not content with this, let him ask to 8) to quesiion me, but { will not answer interpellations from bench to benc! WHAT ANOTHER MINISTER HAD TO £AY, Sefior gn hee tes have I risen more affected than now. I wiil endeavor to preserve the caim- Dess and impartiality incumbent on mefrom the circumstance that Ihave on former occasions be- 101 to the government, This opliges me to be very prudent in peanging to this place allusions to discussions in the Council of Ministers, In one Council of Aiinisters we treated of Cuba, and J had the good fortune to ene ae in such @ manner th sentiments of the country in favor of the integrity o! the territory that the President of the Council en- trasted me with the editing of the instructions to be given and of che answers vo be made to impertinent allusions. I wiil say no more on this. Ihave now the same opinions 1 nad then; but although | have the minutes aud the documents of that Council I do not feel horized give account of whatis a gecret 0! vernment, But f will Stee Sedor Zorrula gid not make such a propositi TUB PRICE OF CURA—SPANISH BLOOD. Seflor AYALa—I rise only to fuifll a duty of courtesy to Sefor Zorrilla. When a Ministerial companion of mine asks ine publicly to declare what have been his opinions in a couricll of Ministers, I believe my- self Obliged to do it, Ido not like to appear inciined to mystifications, Iwas in the Ministry no ropositions for the sale of Ouba were made. A ty once asked me ay openly and I said we wou po a tora ae ipa he possibil! a except 9 ther ‘dia we in. our eee or difficulty of our triumph in Cuba, for 1 have always thought that there was not one single Spaniard who doubted our triumph over those hordes of banaits, So, whenever 1 have been spoken to about this, Lhave answered what was in my thongnt, ry ‘Unat it was in the thought of all my co! jus ARE MINISTERIAL COUNCILS SEORET, Seftor Beocrka—I have heard mach speaking on the Uitramar, but | have never lowered myseif tv the extreme of giving @ certain kind of expianations. 1 now deciare I never should have believed myself authorized to explain what has been said in Counc of Ministers; but as the question bas been brought here, I have to say that neither Seior Zorrilla nor any of my companions ever eo the sale of Cuba. We spoke of whut was fh the newspapers, and I sald that if any Span- fard proposed the sale he ought to ve stiot one minute afterwards. 1 said also in the Council of Ministers that it any other nation intervened in the affairs of Cuba we would defend our honor at any cost. itis quite true, Loffered to go out to adopt the necessary defensive means, sor | have never be- lieved we should make concessions of any claas to those who ask them with arms in their hands, Next rose ¢x-Minister Ardanaz again. Selor ARDANaZ—I think I understood Sefor Ayala tat there might arise a case in which he would feel himseif obliged to reveal what had ac- curred at a Council of Ministers, Sefior AYALA—I didn’t say 80, Betlor ARDANAZ—What he manifested was tnat he might consider himself obliged to state the opinions sustained by any Minister it such Minister requested him wo do so, Well, Sefor Zorrilla has not required this of me, but only to affirm or deny a concrete assertion, and this I have done respecting him. AYALA—Perhaps | have not been understood well, I said 1 did not jeei authorized to reveal the secret of a Council of Ministers, but if @ companion asks me to say wheiher such and such @ thing has passed respecting @ secret thing, what right bas be Wo require me to be wanting to the truth ‘Lhe repablican Figueras next chimed in, FIGUERas—Nobody can doubt the right the indi- viduals ot this minority have to enter into this ques- tion, By 4 patriotism perhaps mistaken we have Not sought vo excite here any questions relative to Cuba, for fear of the influence they might have in that island, Buta matter has been called up here which affects the honor of all our goverumeats, and the Congress has @ right to know not half te truth, but the whole trusn. Only a few days ago Senor Topete, speaking of certain offers of portfolios, thougut proper to reveal to us some- hing that occurred in @ Council of Ministers. Is {t not much more important to know who proposed tne sale of Cuba, and how it Was proposed? Once thie devate iitiated, the question ought to be cleared up this very day. 1 re- member hearing with pleasure—lor | poasess all the bride of @ Spaniara—the poetical words of Sellor Ayaia, When he Was enforcing tne necessity of pre- eerving the integrity of our territory in Cuba ‘1.8 reminds Me involuntarily that \here was a part of our terrkory which was conquered for us by the party to wiich he belongs (uuionists), but from which they afterwards witidrew our troops and abandoned, (Confusion at this allusion to St. Do- min,0.) How ig it that you did not raise that ques- tion here, that there stiould fail a seutence on the governnent tnat retired from St, Domingo 80 cow- ardiy and dragged the glorious banuer of Colum. bus, of iernando Vortes and of Pizarro in the dust? Waich of you ralsed your voices here to condeu optnton as regards the concrete allusion. | and as to those of otuers | Rodrigo, who is a uniontet. In an instant the party concerned (the upion rene): were on their feet, clamormg and gesticuiati The uproar was a ident Sagasta—Order, gentlemen; order! “Go on, Sefor Figueras!” FigvBRas—I did not think my words would pro- duce this tumult, It has been ‘excited, doubtless, through my not being understood well. Idid not attribute to the unionist party the ordering our troops to retire before the Dominican hosts. What | 1 sald was that this party were more obilged than any other to raise here an accusation, but they did not, A VoIce—Yes, they did, (Renewed uproar.) PRESIDENT—Order ! Order! Behors Deputies, 1 recommend greac calmi and circumspection, although you may hear the greatest absurdities and aberrations, and all the more 80 as the Deputy who is speaking is making political observations which you may answer by and by. FIGUERAS TURNS. ON TAR PRESIDENT, Fiovgras—I su) , Mr. President, that in what you sald of absurdities anu aberrations you aid not Teler to mo? PRESIDENT— Nothing was further from my mind. What isaia was that we shoulda Msten with calm- ness and circumspectton, however great might be the aberrattons made, much more so when what te said ts political conjecture. Ficueeas—I am going to repeat my words, for I don’t think they have been yet understood, | said the union liberal was the party most under obligation to make an accusation against the jovernment, who ordered our troops to retire be- fore those Dominican hordes, I think | heard Sefor Esteban Collantes gay they didn’t do it, nor would they dare to do It, I hear somebody say there was @ vote on the: subject. If there was let the list be brought here, aud we shall see who voted for and who voted against, GRRAT UPROAR, MANY VOIcES—Read it! Read itt Sefor ALARvon—I demand the reading of the list referred to by Seilor Tas, Fiaueras—If the Cortes did what with so much Gloguence nas beon combated by Seior Ayala I owt envy them tte glory. sayind 0. PRESIDENT— I beg you to consider you are things for which we aid not prorogue the sessio: FiguERAs—They have @ direct relation, But now to one of the thinys for which we have Prpcodnes the session. They have pens: here of opinions manifested in Counctis of Ministers, Seilors Ayala and Ardanaz have said that only under the request of the person interested, and only with reference to his opinions would they reveal the secrets of the Councils of Ministers, which they think ought never to be broken. J appreciate this as a general rule, but it 1s mot so absolute as to admit of no exception, for when the country 1s in d: ir and some Minis- ters vacitlate, those who have faith m fts forces and in its arms ought to promote a crisis in the Cabinet. ‘The integrity of the country ought not to be contidea to people who vacillate, Jf such vacillation at any time existed over Cuba the Ministers who aid not vacillate did wrong in not ar eronng a crisis, ‘Those men should have had the energy neces- sary. ‘WHO ABANDONED 87, DOMINGO. Rios Rosas—I demand the reading of the lists ae ‘who voted against the abandonment of St. 0] 505, Fiavenas—Yes, itis well to read only the names of those who voted against it, for those who voted for it are best forgotten. Torgrk—I should like to rectify a mistaken con- ception of Setior Figueras before the ‘reading of the vole he has reterred to. Many Voices—Read it! Read it! ZoxxitLa—If ihe President will permit me I ‘would observe that tiere are two questions ncre— Cuba and St. Domingo. The latter and the reading Of the lists called for might be put off, VoIcks aGaIn—Reaa it! Reaa tt | EsTeBaN COLLANTES—TO read half a vote is ab- ask it all to be read, A MOST UPROARIOUS SCENE. The Secretary read the document called for entire. Sefiors Fable, Esteban Collantes and Canovas del Castillo ali asked to speak, but the President ob- jected. Esteban Collantes did, however, manage to Shout out that though he had not been one of the voters alluded to, yet he sustained the conduct followed by the moderate government in the qaes- Uon of the al lonment of St. Domingo, Figucras tried to bring the House back to the question of Cuba, and the necessity of their knowing all about the proposal for a sale, After this Canovas del Vastillo got the door, amid great confusion, WHAT NEXT? Oanovas—1 beg the Congress togive mea mo- menv’g silence, for 1 have to answer a vely ciear ud pertinent ‘allusion. Seior eras, not remem- bering well what happened at the abandonment of Bt. eniinoy has censured the Jeputies who nav- ing voted its annexation afterwards voted its abaa- donment. This charge would fall upon os uf we, after making the annexation by our votes, had con- twibated to the separation it protest; ous it caunot do so, since I, at the ‘ime, speaking of the Miatter, said mere that to prove that we “could not conquer in St. Domingo a handful of undisciplined and vadly armed rebeis might occa sion us at some future time great conficts iu Cuba. If 1 was right or not facts have shown, But neither then nor now could we do anything but oppose, and those who opposed the annexation were right in voung the abandonment. And if they were right there should be no accusation against those Cortes, The thing that ought to have been done was ‘that those who believed the annexation of St. Do- mingo would have advanced the giory of Spain should have opposed its abandonment, at any rate ‘while there remained one-single rebel Who asked It surd. % force. But what is the use of these comparisons? low can we compare a voluntary annexation, whose abandonment woulda not hurt any tuteres erated, to the terrible dismemberment of Cuba, whose logs would consign us to the bottom place among the nations or Europe? [respect the tuten- tions of Sefor Figueras in citing this precedent, but Ibelieve it may produce a disastrous moral effect, for there may be some who wiill believe we wisied to throw a veil over the crime whicn I hope will never be committed, but against which it Is necessary to tulminate henceforth all the weight of public anatiema, e ‘rhe “ersme”’ Sefior Canovas so denounced, {t must be remembered, is the idea of @ sale of Cuba. ZOBRILLA AGAIN ON THE FLOOR, ZORRILLA—I had only the intention of rising and thanking those who have been my ministerial com- pantons for having had the goodness to answer my allusion, But now | have to say I did not think Senor Figueras intended to speak in this debate, and Tlament that he has complicated the question and separated it trom its coucrete point, ‘the matter of the proposition for the sale of Cuba had terminated, but according to him and Sefior Canovas there yet remains something obscure. I have to say that in the various Cabinets since the revoiution there has Rot been one single Minister who 1s now living, nor any who are dead, who ever broached the klea of peling Cuba, (Cheers.) nee we aid treat for foae on A grave question ramar by ret go pees ia a Sther Sowers e Wade Behoe 1 Ardanaz our ponente in the matter, He presentea his report and the Council adopted his resolution. say Chis to prevent there veing made to-morrow a charge against that government to the effect that theré were men in it who treated of maxing a single concession to a handful of revolters, What passed then I cannot say now, butif the House wishes to appoint a committee to examine the matter J shail be giad, and if in Seflor Ardanaz’s judgment there is no inconvemence in bringing the expediente here, 1 shall be glad also; but it must be brought with all its antecedents and then you will see clearly that ther the living nor the dead of those who have Heen Ministers have ever proposed the sale of Cuba. OUDA WILL BE HELD IN SUBSECTION. Sefior AkDANAZ—Through Sesor Figuel Inter- vening in this debate le has carried it to @ point which will carry no consoiation to those beyond the seas. He has made reflections on me for not pro- voking @ crisis im tne Cabinet through the diver- by Of opinion in it on the question of Cuba, je should have taken into account what there was nothing there but different opinions, but as we ar- rived at @ unanimous accord there was no occasion to provoke a crisis, ‘Ihe proof that our accord was upapimous was that no other Cabinet ever sur- assed us in the desire to hold Cuba in subjection, ff there had been divergencies I would bave pro- yoked a crisis wnysell, for it is well known 1 have no affection for the Vanco azu/, and I left it without re- gret, when, on another point—fnance—] differcd from my compauions. In concius.on le: me say, I see No Objections to the production of the documents indicatea vy Sefor Zorrilla, Sefior Becerra—I rise only to say as a proof of the decision of the Cabinet, in which 1 was Coloutal Minister, to dominate in Cuba, wien the Captain General said he needed reinforcements of 6,000 men to crush the insurrecuion, we sent hiw 18,000. You will see how that Cabinet wished to put down the rebels. » Fiaueras—I interrupted Sefior Topete with a question, and he replied that he was not under the necessity of answering me. This is why | entered into the debate. 1 don’t agree with Sefior Canovas \hat my words can animate our enemies in Ouba, The charge is unjust. J have condemned those who abandoned St. Domingo, and with more reason do I condemn those who proposed to abandon Cuba, ‘rom My remarks nothing can be deduced to cheer the enemies of Spain. Navakerg ¥Y hoprico—In truth, I ought tosay— first, that I did not name Sefor Zorrilla in this mat- ter; second, that I said that when we camie to treat of the question fully we shoud know who were tlose Who had faith in the salvation of Cuba, and if there had or had not been any who proposed its sale; turd, that Sehor Topete has spoken of aome whd had more and some who had less faith in the result of the war; fourth, that sefior Ardanaz told us that in a Council of Ministers there were opinions expressed rapes ng the policy which ought to ve followed in determined eventualities, When all this is cirared up We shall be able to know whether those who baye not suficient faith in the virility of Spain are authorized to present themselves as can- didates for the direction of the destinies of tne na- on before the country and before Kurope. Seflor CANovaS—Let the enemies of Spain know that neither now nor ever will Spain lower ber flag to insurrection. CUBA AND ST, DOMINGO, Sefor Jove y Hkvia—I cannot get over my sur- prise that there are persons who find analogy be- tween the abandonment of St. Domingo and what would be Lhe iniquitous sale of Gaba, I did not | approve the annexation of St. bomingo, That war waa afterwards turned into @ war of congu' while the War in Cuba is oniy @ war of legitimate deience, if, a8 Senor Canovas said, tne avandon- ment of St Vomingo might be mischievous for Ouba the fault Was in Wie Luprevision of the annex- ation. The House having got into the patriotic vein President Sagasta very adroitiy ended ali further diseussign for the night by closing the session, at nearly nine o'clock. J said for the a As to-day the papers are full of it, It turns out that the whole thing ls reauced that act? It was your obligation, you union for im your ume the annexation was made | roar.) Figueras meagt this as an attack op Navarroy to the commaoications Which passed in 1809 be- tween General Sickies aud the Spanish government, al) of which were publisbeu early Jast year im We New Yous BEAALD DECEMBER | 6, 1871.—TRIPLE, SHEET. THE: DRUGGISTY’ DIFFICULTIES, The Law Licensing Dispensers of Drugs. Examinations Made by the Board—A Large Nomber “Weighed in the Balance and Found Wanting.” Precautions Against Accidental Poisoning. Tho Penalty for Violating the Law $500 Fine and Imprisonment. Over Six Hundred Practitioners Have Failed te Take Out Licenses. The Objections of Those Who Fight the Law. The regniation of the sale of drugs and poisons and the prevention of adulteration are subjects that, in 4 great city like this, should demand the careful attention of the proper authorities. It has long been notorious that much of the medicines dis- pensed over the counters of druggists are adulte- raved, and that in this city alone there are hundreds of persons engaged in the putting up of physicians’ prescriptions who know nothing about the virtues of the articles they handle. Indeed, it bas long been a matter of astonishmeot to foreign pharmacists locating in this coun- try to find men engaged in dispensing medicines who nave never served an hour’s ap- prenticesh!p to the profession nor passed an exami- nation. The calling of an apothecary is one that returns largé profits, and consequently persons secking.® business, are apt to embark in it, whether or not they be fitted by education for it. The con- sequence is that the quack, who OPENS IN A TENEMENT NEIGHBORHOOD @ small drug store and places About his shelves A beggarly account of empty boxes, Green earthen pots bladders and musty seeds, Remnants of packthreas and old cakes of roses, forthe purpose of making a show of business and attracting custom, is enabled to compete with re- Spectable apothecaries who deal only in the purest articles, and who may nave devoted years of un- remitting study to the acquisition of a knowledge of medicines, The Qally press gives frequent evidence of the laxity of this system of dispensing drugs, or the Unrestrained sale thereof, In the reports of accl- dental and untimely deaths resulting from the care- Jess compounding of them. ln fact, tt is well known to every professional chemist that there are drugs 80 closely resembling each other in looks, taste and smell that none but an expert can detect the difter- ence; and, when 1ttsremembered that there are many hunareds of ignorant persons engaged in the compounding of drugs and chemicals, it should not be @ matter of astonishment that our coroners’ JURIES PREQUENTLY REPORT DEATHS resulting from the carelessness of druggists’ clerks, But heretofore it has been found utterly impossibie, under the laws of the State, to bring home to the author the crime and mete out to him the punish- ment which his carelessness merited. In the last session of the Legisiatare Assemblyman Irving, of tnis city, introduced a bill, which became alaw, looking to the correction of these abuses, The bill created a board for the examination of druggists and their clerks, to consist of four com- missioners and a clerk, appointed by the Mayor, whose duties and powers are thus defined SECTION 4.—It shail be the duty of said board to examine, on application, ail persons now emsloyed or hereafter to be employed in putting up prescriptions or dispensing medicine in city of New York and, give a cer! of such exam!- nation to the person so examined if found competent to act in much capacity, and which certificate shail be deemed as a tjoense FoF suck person to engaze ta such employment. SEo. 6.—Said bo ird hall, with the approval oi the Mayor, 6x the sum to be paid for such certificates by the whom they shail be {ssued, and all sums or fees for certif- said board'ahall be appropriated to the pay- nses and salaries o: the members of said board, of go much thereo! aa may be necessary, the Balance if any, to be paid into the city treasury; sald board shail causes true and accurate account of its receipts and dis- bursements to be kept, and shali once in three months make, a returo of the amount receivad and expended to the Comp- troller of the iO of New York. Ske. 6&—The Board of Supervisors of the city and county of New York are bereby directed to fix the compensation which each member of said board and the ry thereof shall receive as they may deem reasonable for the Ten- dered by them, not to exceed the sum 0} r annum for each commissioner and for the Secretaiy; said Board of Supervisors shall alwo raise annually by tax ‘om the estates ‘and personal jn the city of New York such sum of money as may be any balance for expenses and ecessary tO pal salaries of said examiaing board which shall exfst after the application, as above provided, of the sum or sums ef money ecelved, for, the certiticates iaued by said frs-mentioned In compliance with the law the Mayor appointed Dr. &. Ogden Doremus, Wiliam Graham, Dr. Theo- dore Frohwein and Dr, 0. M. O'Leary, and Mr. Louls G, Branda was selected as secretary. Tne Boara was organized on the 2ist of June and on the 27th of July entered upon their duues, selecting o1 ‘wing of Dr. Doremus’ residence, at 72 Union piace, as their oMces. Notices were at once sent to all the druggists and clerks in the city (accompanied by copies of the Jaw) ordering them to PRESENT THEMSELVES FOR EXAMINATION, the fees for such examination being fixed at $30 ror druggists and $10 for clerks. A large portion of the profession yielded a ready compliance to the law, but others, who felt that the College of Pharmacy haa been ignored, organized what is known as the “Apotnecaries’ Union,” with a view of protecting their Interests and contesting the law. Alter taking. legal a:lvice this Union discovered TUE LAW TO BE VALID, but retain their organization wiih the object of se- curing its repeal or its substitution by one that they have draftea, So far there have been examined by the Boara, which sits daily from ten A. M. ui two P. M., 260 druggists and 261 clerks, some of whom were FOUND SADLY D&FICIENT in one of more of the subjects upon which they were tested, viz.:—Chemustry, poisons and their an- tidotes, practical pharmacy and officinal botany, materia medica, the adulteration of drags and pre- seriptions—and certificates were refused. A few of the rejected, after energetic study, were enabied to pass on a second or third examination and secured certificates. ‘Tue first quarterly report to September 21 shows that of 190 clerks Who presented themselves for ex amination eighty-one were rejected, and of 260 druggists fity-seven were rejected, OF those who passed creditable examinations were three Jadies of the city, A SISTER OF CHARITY and several persons from beyond the city limits, and even one irom New Jersey. Those who are veyond the jarisdiction of the act were evidently induced to undergo the examination to show the community in which they reside that they are thoroughly quali- fied in their eee The Board claim that it 1s optional with them whether they eran gry and give tificates to non-rest ap) 1. tne statistics carefully collected by the Board show the number of druggists in the city to be 458, and draggisis’ clerks, 750; total, 1,188, Subtract the 630 examined, leaves 81X HUNDRED AND FIPTY-BIGHT PERSONS STILL UN- the law takes eect on the 21st Instant, tt 0 law takes eflect o 4 wit be seen that the persons affected by it have no tume to spare. Every person found putting up phy- sicians’ perscriptions after that date without acertt ficate from the Board ts lable to the penalty of NOT MORE THAN FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS, or imprisonment not longer than six months, or Doth at the discretion of the court. ‘The Board are very carefulin their examinations, and submit each ap, licant to a rigid scrutiny. The} have attached to their rooms a pharma chemical laboratory. The lesis are i ny the presence of the examiners, and ey claim iat ander their sysem of ex- a@inination there 1s no danger of persons receiving certifica‘es who are not fully qualified to compound physicians’ preseripuons. As the tees go into the Comptrolier’s hands there is no incen- uve for in) ten wo fepiyen! persons to siip through on a superficial examinatiol one great oversight in the act is that NO PERSON 18 DESIGNATED TO PROSECUTE VI0- iO iuet be left to the people and nd its enforcement must be left to tht e ite police, Any citizen who discovers, however, that after the 21st inst. a druggist or clerk bas compoundea a puysiclan’s prescription withont firet having secured bia certificate caa go before a police justice and make complaint, and it ts the duty or the justice to arraiga the accused and take cognizance of the offence. This oversight, how. ever, is likey to be overcome by the licensed clerks, who are organizing a protective upblon, with ant de | th & view of prosecuting all oifenders. ‘The examivations thas fac show that foreigners siand theexamination much better than Americans, ‘and are more prompt in complying with the provir Dy the Board of Funervisors at $2,500 Per year, and that. of the secre! ai y at $2,000 per year. When @ Sorin phy ODce passed un examruation before the rd and received is cerufticate he 1s wt Iberty to practise his profession during lus pleasure without any further wee or annoyance. a AVOTHBCARIES’ UNION, referred to above, inetutes in Its orgauization such Well known druggists as Dr. Frederick Hofmann, Daniel C, Robbing, B G. Amend, Gusiave Ramsper- ger, James Conaie and P. Ballug, who are members of the Executive Committee, These genticmen, in @ report made on the 10th of September, give their objections to the law, and declare that the bill took ‘ ‘special pains to IGNORE THE WHOLB PROFESSION O¥ PHARMACY, 8 well as the Colicge of Pharmacy of the city—a table institution, chartered for educational purposes, which had been in successful operauon nearly forty years. ‘This board of four persons, as finally created, was made to consist of but one phar- mactst, with one aragast, when, in fact, Do drag rer ania oo a the: position unless fp nuke. As wel ‘macognosy. committee contin 2 adam tia | The enactment of this law, which conferred unlimited rivileges oD &* commission to be filled and to hold office as the should with power to bame any sum to practise pharmacy, and to PEUGONALLY AGREEAULE 10 THR COMMIBOION ERS OF politioal partyin power, aroused and alarmed the phar. imatists of New York, Because it was: direct blow ac ihe f ndence as welt ha the dignity of the pruf jon. When the commissioners met in July and resolved to tm- tor @ license to all principals and $10 to all were graduates’ in pharmacy or fb they (the, commissioners) were amply ‘Coleen on ee 2,600 per pot doing ent exe armacy ways desire: wer to do for nothing, tt became evident ihe profetsion, ALL IT6 DIPLOMAS IGNORED, had nothing to expect from the commissioners, either as just ‘men oF persons who would consider the interesis of pbar- The Opponents of the law have prepared. a DRaFr OF 4 NEW BILL to be submitted to the next Legislature as a substi- pty the present act. The main features of it ae) “ See ction 1 enacts that it shall be unlawful for an; excopt aregtered pbarmacist, or « registered assistant par, macist in the employ of s registered pharmacist, except as aid or apprentice, under their immefate supervision, to open or coaduot armiacy or store for retailing, dis- ensing OF compounding mediciues or poisons. It a regis. fored pharmacist owns more Shan ‘one such, store be sball cist to super se sual store. ee = oe an order to be regis- Bection 3 acy, a practisny ‘assistant {0 pbarinacy. = juates im pharmacy must have sorvea four years’ apprenticeship and two years’ clerk ship in retail stores where prescriptions of medical pra Uonera are compouaue., and have obtained a diploma from « or aoe of pharmacy in this country, or foreign phamacists who present satisfactory diplomas of thear att Toeute to the Pharmaceutical New York. The terms “practising pharmacists” aod “practising assistant puarmacisis” are delined in the section. Section 4 compels the registered pharmacists of New York, Brooklyn and Williams! are one mouth before the tret of ——, and every third year ter, 19 general meeting convoked by the Governor or Chief Judge of the Bupreme Court, to elect and nominate FIFTEEN OF THEIR MOGT ACOOMPLISHED MEMBERS, from whom whe above authority shail every third yoar elect aboard of pharmacy, to consist of Ave melnbersy, whose mode of organization is defined. They snali meet quarieriy, and the fee shall be $10 for a certitcate; they slall keop ‘A PUBLIO RE ‘ER OF ALL PHARMACISTS, who shall pay $2 for. for each subsequent registrat correcting the regi istration, clerks excepted, and fon $1. Many other details for ster 80 as to inake it complete are given. Seotion 7 inflicts w fine of $500 and removes a register gulity of malfeasance in office, und the same peualty is In- Hicted for securing a faise 7. tion § makes ft an olfence Gnable in for any un. Te person to open a store, and the same penalty is gineee OL @ registered ust who fails to comply e law. Section 10 declares that any person guilty of ADULTERATING MEDIUINES, ETO.) shall forfeit his stock, pay a fine of $50 for the lirst offence, 100 for the second ’and on the third offence forfelt his jcense. The following closing clauses, REGULATING THE SALE OF POISONS, are given in thetr entirety:— Section 11.—And be it further enacted, that, from and after the Ist day of ) itahall be uolaw! for any person to sell, either by wholesaie or retall y ison enumerated in jules A and 8, appen‘ed to as well as the con- centrated mineral acius and carbolic acid, white lead, sugar of lead, su!phate of zino, without distinctly tubelling the bot. Ue, box, veasel.or paper and wrapper or cover in which sald polson is contained, with the mame of the arlicle, the word on,” and the name and piace of business of the seller ‘and the date of the sale. Nor shall {t be law/ul for any per- son to sell or deliver any poison enumerated in schedules A ‘and B of this act to any Individual appearing at the time uu- duly excited or int nor to say chiid of less than twelve years, nor to any person whatever, unless uj due Inquiry'it is found that the person {a aware of its character, aud that the purpose of purposes for which it 18 to be used are found to be legitimate and usua). Nor shall it be lawful for any authorized retatier of Pasco! to sell or de- liver nny poteens dacluded in schedule A of this act without, before delivering to the buyer, making or causing to ‘an entry 10 a book kept for that purpose only, und to ALWAYS OPEN TO THE INSPECTION of the Board of Pharmacy, the Board of Heal aud the ofticers of the couris, stating the date of ‘the aale, the be made be mame and address of the pure! , the name and quant Of the atticle sold and purpose Tor whieh it ia” ataten by the purchaser to be required and the name of eer. Ti ai rovisions of this section shall not apply to the dispensin, polsoue in tot unusual doses or quautlties pon the prescriv: ns of legitimate practiionera, of ine; bat all such Pesos‘ tata. aap oe sted sates Gate book, with date, pame ald, address of purchaser and name of pliysleran, atid shall be fied and numbered 1a the order tn, which they sre dispensed and entered ‘in the poison boo! Ghepeescriptions and the poison book must be preserved at ve years. Section 13.—All and every panalty ahall be sued for and re- covered in the name of and by the Board of Pharmacy, in an action of debt, bearing op the praciice of pharmacy and the keeping and sale of poisons. The above are the main features of the bill pro- posed to be WORKED THROUGH THB LEGISLATURE next year. In many particulars, espccially those relating to the adulteration of drugs and medicines and the salo of poisons, it is superior to the present Act, Which 1s sought to be repealed; but there are grave doubts existing as to the propriety of placing in the hands of the profession themselves the du! of administering auy law that affects them and thei associate practitioucrs. » Until there is a general law for the State, and an examining board, who are entirely separated from those affected by the law tocnlorce its observance, there will be little hope ior reforms sych a3 the iuteresis of humanity ur- gently call for. THE KNICKERBOCKER CLUB, Apother Palatial Club Ionse for the Upper- tendom on Fifth Avenue—The Rules aud egulations that Govern the Establishment. Anew club organized solely for social purposes has just had its birth and will doubtless add another to the many similar magnificent establishments which @t present adorn the metropolis. It will be composed of some of the leading citizens of New York and vicinity, and, as the name of tne institution indicates, will probably limit its members to the lineal descendants of the famous Diedrick. The property 1s situated at the corner of Twenty-cighth street and Fifth avenue, and was purchased by the club from Mr. B. Witttam Duncan. It is understood thut it will be conducted on the principle of the Union Club, ana will, of course, comprise the upper- tendom or the city. The constitution, as already decided upon, 1s something similar in its provisions to that of its aristocratic netghbor, At a recent election the following Officers were elected:—Alex- ander Hamilton, Jr., President; Alonzo C. Monson, Vice President; Henry 8. Fearing, Treasurer; John L, Cadwalader, Secretary; the Governing Committee being composed of the following gentiemen:— August Belmout, Robert 8. Hone, Jonn J. Astor, Wullam Butier Duncan, Peleg Hall, William Cut- ting, James W. Clendeuin, George Griswold Gray, Edwin A. Post, Louis Von Hoffman, Philip Schuyler, William 0, Morgan, Mallon Sands, William Watts Sherman, William Jay, Goold H. Redmond and Frederick Bronson, THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT and management of the club shail be confided to 8 board of twenty-one governors composed of all the gentienfen already mentioned. The quorum of this board 1s to consist of eleven members, who shall have po wer, by & two-third vole, to assess members in- div idually in a sum not exceeding fifty dollare in any year. There are at present two hundred mem- bers belonging to the club, and although the oum- ber of resident members shall not exceed tiree nundred, the board shall have the power, by an aMrmative vove of not leas than eleven of ite members, to increase the number to five hundred. ‘The property of the club 1s vested in trustecs, und shall be neld or tansverred by them or their suc. cessors a8 be directed by the voard. Many of the rules and regulations are much the same as those which govern similar establishments, To elect any candidate, who inust be proposed and seconded by two members of the ciub neither of whom shail belong to the board of governors, eleven votes must be cast and ono black ball in ten shalt exclude. OFFICERS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY of the United States, on being admitted and com- plying with the provision of tne constitution of the club, can become members free from the payment of annual dues, although they will not be entitied to introduce strangers, to fill any office or vote at any meeting of the cluo, and will not be counted in de- termining the limit of memvers or numbers neces- sary for w quorum at any meeting. Another pro- vision sets sorth that any person residing more than seventy-five miles irum tie city of New York and not doing business within 1ts limits may be elected a visitor ot to club upon the payment of such ea- trance fees or annual dues aod for such period of lume as may be provided by the Board of Governors, ‘They stall have the same rights and privileges as army aud navy meinbers, aud no others, The en- trance fee 1s $300, and the sum of $100 a8 annual dues must Ve pald in advance at the beginning of each year. Those, however, admitved on or iG the lat July, and before the ist January, Will pay only one half the anoual dues, THE ANNUAL MEBTING OF THB CLUB will be held on the first Saturaay of February. Upon the written request of twenty members the President may call a upecial meeting, fifty members @t all times constituting @ quorum. Provision has of course been mace for the admission by invitation ‘aa visitors of the ctub of such diplomatic agence accredtied to the government of the United tes ‘or distinguished visitors. ‘These, in briel, are the bylaws which regulate an establishment which will unguestionavly rank high among tho splendid noclat palaces of the city. “LET TOERE. BE. LiGT.” Work To Be Accomplished by the New Seien- tific Rxploring Expedition. Proposed Course of the Hassler—Agacsis the Dominant Miad of the Party—a General Survey of the American Coast. Boston, Dec. 4, 1872, ‘Two or three weeks ago the HERALD published a short account of the trip of the steamer Hassler from Philadelpaia © Boston. As she is now about to start on her voyage, and as the work to be per- formed and the route of the vessel are more def- nitely determined I send you a briet description of them before starting. ’ As some misapprehension on the subject has ex- isted It 1s proper to state definitely that, although the vesvel 1s fitted up with a view to the accommo- dation of the scientific party and the furtherance of their plans and work, it was fot built expressly for that purpose, and is;only to be used incidentally by them during the Passage to her station on the Pacine coast, where she will enter on her regular dutes, ‘The general supervision and direction of the scien- tfc work will rest with Professor Agassiz, whose: vast knowledge and experience in such matters Give assurance of success. Through bis exertions, and through the liberality of the friends of the Cam- bridge Museum, the expedition 18 ‘provided in the most ample manner witn all appliances for securing and preserving specimens both at sea and on land, Several thousand gallons of alcohol have been pur- chased, part of which will be taken from here in the vessel, the rest having been sent to awalt ner arrival at the various ports om the coast. Every’ known contrivance for catching fish will be em ployed, so that the acience of ichthyology, 80 incom- plete until within a few years, will probably receive” valuable contributions. Dr. Steindachner, formerly oftne Academy of Science at Vicuna and now at- tached to the Cambridge Museum, will super- fuvend the preservation of specimens, Mr. Blake, of Provincetown, one of Profeasor Agavsiz’s pupils, will also give experienced assistauce In this. and other directions. A complete aud valuable set of Photographic apparatus hag been received, and} much work im this branch, hitherto neglected m similar expeditions, 1s expected to be accomplished, * Jn making faithful and exact portrattures of fresp specimens, before either time ora reservative hag @itered their form and general appearance, and in securing landscapes or likenesses of places or peor ple little visited or kuowa, this departincut promises ‘to be of the highest importance, The deep sea dredging wHl be under the charge of Count Pourtales, of the United States Coast Sur. | vey, who has probably had more experience at sucly Work than any other man living. Woe will carry, nearly all the latest forma of dredging apparatus, includiug the Forbes dredge, which consisis Of al iron frame, paralielogramic in shape, baving a net attached, and the dredge invented by Professor Venill, of Yale, which ts of the rake patiern, aud id especially useful on muddy bottoms, Attached to the Morse deep sea sounding appara- tus, 18 @ cup WiILh valves opening upwards, so What while deacending the water passes freely, through: them, and on entering a soft or muddy, poitom the cup becomes fiicd with whatever material may be there, On rising through the water the valves are ofcourse closed, and 1n vals way we cau in a livia while optain a specimen of the bottum aud so de termine whether it 1s or 1s not desirable to use the larger apparatus in thatlocality. This will proba- _ biy save much unueccessary expenditure of wme and labor. The investigations of the general physical condl- tlons of the sea at different depths will be coaducted by Dr. Thomas Hill, ox-President of Hurvard Col-, lego. Its specific gravity, 1's temperature and distance to whicd 1t 1s penetrated vy rays of ligh' and the active or chemical rays ustally associat with them@re among the problems to be solved by dim. : ‘The determination of tne charactor and quantity ) Of the salig and gaics cxisting in 80a waier will be; mado by Dr. J. William White, of Philadelphia. The constituents of sea water are, in ail localitica, hitherto investigated, the game in character, but 1 does not necessarily follow that they are the sam in degree, ‘Their quantity is influenced vy many: canses—the amount of evaporation and tho force and direction of the currents in any particular lo- cality being the chief elements giving rise to variad tion, ‘This influence Is in its turn wWansinitied u tho inhabitants of the sea, and to sucii ap exten! that MM. Peron and Le Sueur, who nave turo their attention to the subject, assert tat out of many thousand cases they did not find a single on in which the inhabitants of trans-equatorial wer@ Not distinguishable from those of their species In ci equatorial seas. ‘hus the work of the chemical 01 physical investigator becomes. connected with thaf- Of the biologist, and an apt illustration ts furnished of the mutual inter-cependence Of all scicuces, ‘The causes Of the ocean currents have recently been the occasion of uruch dispute, various theories existing in regard to them, each having disy tinguished advocates, The subject ts one of grea! importance, as the study of the climates of the seq depends to a great oxtent upon the knowledge wq have of its currents, Solar heat 18 one oi the prin, cipal causes of such currents, Water, though hav‘ ing agreat capactty for absorbing and retaiming heat, 18 a very poor conductor. If you apply heat? to the top of a metal plate the botvomn becomes} warm, but heating tho upper surface of a boay of water Das iittie or no effect on the tower layers. Heace heat has to pass through water by a move< ment of its individual particles and not by u trans+ mission irom one to the other, as in the case of soilds. This process, when It consists o! a move~ i ment of the molecules 18 calied comvectiol and when it involves a@ large body water constitutes @ current. Of course there - r Influences at work, the shape of the vot. tom, the attraction of gravitation, the rotation of me earth and the direction of the provaumg ees being important examples. The preponderance of one or the other of these 1s still undetermined, bus that no one of them js sufficient to accouns for the observed phenomena is evident, The Gul Stream runs up ill, the submarine sscent from Florida Pass to Cape Hatteras being not jess than ten inches to the mile, There are equaiorial curs rents which run directly from east to west, op. posed to the motion of the earth, and there 18 a cold current running.near the Guif Stream in # reverse diwection to the prev or trade wing. Such exampies show the dificuity in arriving at correct conclusions, and the necessity for careful, accuras and conscientious scientific observations befor auy one theory cap ve considered as well estbnlisheds Such observaiions wil be made on this expedition. whenever opportunity will allow, aid vuldable ro- sults are confidently antict Dr. Willlam B. Carpenter, the distunguisbed English phy: tt and biologist, has Jately beeo engaged in some investigations on board IT. M.S. Porcupine, in the Mediterranean and the Straits of Gibraltar. He has shown conclusively the exist ence of an undercurrent, setting outwaras, which counterbalances the suriace current, ruustng frou the AUantic inwards, The water Qowig In be« comes denver by evaporation and sinks w ihe bote ‘As each top layer is renewed it displaces layer of equal gize from the bottoin, which mov out and thas ¢stablishes a current, which 1® | kept up by tho agency of heat alone, Dr. Carpon~ tor attempts to apply this sume principle iy the ex- lanation of the general aystem of oceanic clrcnias ion, alleging the existence of a suriace urrong from the Kquator toward che poles aod @ bottom current in the reverse direction. His hoe tore va although very valuable, need repetition a coutire mation, and if possible this will be attempted om the voyage. ‘After leaving hero the first stoppage will be mado, at St. Thomas, where a fresh supply of coal will ve | taken on board, aud Where @ careful trial of all the acientifio apparatus will be mado. Whatever j found to be useless or unsatisfactory will be ieit, aw stowage room 18 too valuable to be uunecessari|; occupied, Alter leaving there sl ill gO custwar to reach some of whe great deptns of the Atiantlo, and will then proceed towards Rio Janciro, which will be the east pass to ALS Boe wilt ee ‘t along the Coast, stopping at Montevileo an pt the Faikiand Ines, untlh the Straits of mare reacted. Here a month or more wilh it in investigations on the glacial pheuomens that region, tho marine and terrestrial sauna andy Sore, and, ii the weather permit, some exer nto the interlor will be taken for botauical, pnuio- are othe i Archipel: Dages will be it Valp: Callao and Panama, Juan Fernandes and the walapagos Isiands will be visited, and work will be continued duriag the whole of tila portion of the voy: ¢ ‘The expedition 18 expected to reach San Francisco in August or Séptember of next year, when Lhe sei~ entific party will return home Overland and the ven sel Will commence the survey of the lower Califor DAD COash EEE EEE EE EOE EEE EEE