The New York Herald Newspaper, November 3, 1871, Page 12

THE NORTH POLE. | WKane’s Open Polar sea Se Verified, ‘ “THE NORTH GERMAN EXPEDITION Dr. Petermann’s Account of the Exploration. Payer and Weyprecht Penetrate Seventy- nine Degrees North. The Arctic Ice Belt for the} First Time Broken Through. =. cy “Thermometric Gateways*.to the Pole.” Onur readers have already had the startling intelit- gence of the verification of the famous open Polar tea by the present North German Arctic Expedi- ton, The important tidings which the cable brougbt us from Gotha furnish the added state- ment that tt was found to be “swarming with whales.” The announcement bas created in America deep graufication and pleasure at the confirmauion of the honored researches of our illustrious but de- parted countryman, Dr. Elisha K. Kune. No branch of geographical research has latterly Awakened such profound interest as the discovery ofthe Pole, Although for centuries the moat heroic, efforts have proved fraitiess, the scientific world has sullenly determined never vo abandon the Search for it, The great Alrican traveilers, in seek- tg to Gnd thelr Way across te trackless sea of sand in the burning Sahara, tell us they are guided fey the whitened vones and carcasses of the cara- wans that haye perished in the passage. But if such guidance ts safe to follow there, the latest Aretic explorers seem determined to avoid the ‘wreck-strewn and disaster-marked paths of their @isappointed predecessors and strike oyt new and entried routes for themselves. ‘The most splendidly equipped polar expeditions, from the most famous and early one of the gallant eld Heury Hudson, of Knickerbocker fame, down to Was in which perished the noble Franklin and his band of dauntiess followers, went forth with no tight Of cosmograprical science to guide them, and ahey were forced tofec! their ancertain way amit ‘ne tong darkness of the polar regions and amid its crashing ices. But while the fate of Franklin seemed a useless ‘Sacrifice It has now to be considered in @ new light; ‘Sor is was iu the search for him and his comrades (hat whe great American explorer, Ur, Kane, pene- trated the toes of the north and discovered the cule- rated Open Polar Sea, which now bears his name. or mauy years after the publication of Kane's ‘wmple and unvarnished narrative—the narrative of @pure gentleman and an accomplished scnoiar— the world seemed iucreaulous of the wonderful Phenomenon which bed burst upon bis astonished mand anexpecting vision. itis not necessary Lo re- call all that hesaw. It is enough now to mention the great fact wnich he aanounced of an open and tocless sea within five hundred miles of che North Pole—a sea whose mysterions waters were ebbing nd Sowing with the regular tidal pulsation of the ‘vocan. To reach it bis party crossed @ barrier ‘of ice nearly one hundred miles broad. Be- fore gaining this open ocean he had found ‘he cold #0 incense that the twermometer ad sunk to the point of sixty degrees below zero, Passing this ice-locked region vy wWavelling nurth- ‘ward over Smith’s Strait he came pon the suores of an unbroken sheet of water, stretching out owards the pole as far as the eye could reacb and dhe temperature of whose waters was only turty- x degrees, Its waves were said to be dashing on ‘she veach with the eweil of a boundiess occan; the fides rolled their imtumescent waters in regular sequence; seals were sporting and water iow! were feeding im the water. Solltude an’ mystery over- bung the scene, and the awe-struck explorers who had attained to this great disc»very, op foot and with No means Of navigating the open watera, were arrested in their suvlime March. When the second Grinneli expediuon, with Kane for ts commandér, returned to the United Staves and reported the mag- uifivent resuits of their toa, the whole world was ful of we siory. The old European explorers listened with a jealous car and could not believe ‘hat the honor of such a discovery was jusily the due of an Awercan. Lieutenant De Haven and {ington Channet and had there see known and celebrated “water sk. anverring token of an open Polar sea Captain Penny = arterwards = saied upon 3k = And tn tbls country, as well ax among tis dmterested truth-sceking European pb fosopbers, Kane's narrative was believed, But §t soon became the fastiion to sneer at ti as reveal ing only @ mytbical aud chimericai thing, dc. Only dast year some of the most prouluent bagiixh geu- raphers, ata meeting of the Koyal Geographical s ty, treated it as a mytn. But the question no lounger one of American veracity; if our late reports are correct it nas bec trausierred from the region of discussion aud theory ‘to that of accepted geograpiicai fact. The doctrine of au Open Polar 5ea was never one of those vagne aud baseless theories or physt marvels which ignorant men love to receive at tue hands of the chariatans of science, It is deeply laud | an wwe pecessilies and principles of geographical law, and resis tipon the same basis as does the fact Of Oceante circulation, the trade winds and otuer and ovners long 8go pointed out the agency of the Guif Stream of the AUanuc tn temper- ‘tng the bigh latitudes of Wat ocean, ana during the of the United Btates Japan Expedition, Oommodore Perry, young and sagactous American onicer, then ieutevant Silas Bent, dis- covered an equal if not nobler Gulf Stream in the Pacific. This tatter had joug been known to the dapanese mariners, who had calied It im their Dative ihe Kuro Siwo, or back Stream, because is waters, lke those of our Gull Stream, were in color of a dark indigo blue. Keasourng upon the thermic might aud immensity of eachof These two great rivers in me ocean, Which unceasingty flow towards te north and pour their super-heated content tuto tie ‘circum-polar bast eutenant Beut conceived we dea that they Would make for thomselves gaieways w tae pole by mejling (he icebelts in theit course and diffusing their heay to the adjacent waters. This boig hypothesis was not mere guesswork, but pro. ceded-apon seteniifc Inducuod and exact generai- fzation, and was we first solution ever offered of the great discovery of Kane, hat arcuc explorer accepted it, and, though It was tresied with vut Iitule favor at first, even by American scientists, when formally aunonnced it recelved tne endorse. ment of Professor Carpenter, of England, and now -@f Dr. Petermann, of pot | the projector of the present Norty German expedition. ‘To understand the force of the reasoning it Is Oniy pecessary to consider the climate agency of such & body of water as the Guif Btream. Owing to the voleanic character of the Mexican Guif—tne cauldron in which for Many days the guil curreat Max been devained--the ¢ ure of (he waser, aireaty ugh, u& cousiierably raised vy sub- Jaarine influences, as has been ably shown wy Gerard Molloy and) by Arinur Maagin. we mgnt, therefore, expec, in te | abscense oF any positive information, that the great | stream wouid transfer Use aurplas caloric of super healed tropical Water ip |, the Arctic Ocean. So fare uuves towards ching Abat the waters of Western Europe ing einen in higher tavity Labrador, ‘he tuver ames has Leen frozen over only fonrieen umes in 000 years. At Penrance, on te coast of England the pianis and vegetabiel appear ont of the ground am February, anc are soon on the tabie, Caielias, ampagnolias, Mexican agaver require there no pro Aion from /rost, fo hat Huprooidt called Devons: “the Montpelier of the Norw."’ Projeasor Aneted, of NMagiand, im nie Geography, deserives the poeouuarity or te Guil Stream 1 these Worus:—“Il is a yreal, Wide stream of heated waler, jarger tian ali Lie mvers of Lue Physical world togeiwer, ruuving 8 a delniie channe) through colder water of @ diferent coor, so that when a ship entere rhe sircam in smooth water one may wee the bow dashing the spray from ie warn and dark blue walere sbe is entering, while the stern is Sti) Within the pale yo aud cold WALEr ol banks of Newfoundland. lant i g 3 . ee s H adds, “the merease thas #5598 ra i i boties do all such currents ot tne ocean, oa the line of a Jeotures before tho Koya | abolishes the difference of latutade of e Walk from Shetiead Isles in January we eu- Lon ga rhe sout Tas Rannoe (seventy-Lnres degr from tne fact that it ts round. This ie oes it wi sweeps arou Sy the ‘climate there that Proceeding morthwara you er Boehan has shown that “Sbet- degrees irom m cic pro xnaity from eir ‘water of the Kulanuie. and the Norwegian coast, to the winter rem- very much greater. these places the conceived of as @ vast repository of which the warmth of the summer months th of more soutnern regions is treas- reserved against the rigor of winter.” the Guif Stream. Let us turn now to , the other factor in the result claimed theory for a thermometric approach to The equatorial curreat of the Pacific 1s grander even than that of the Atiantic, the — stream out of which so many other ‘water obtain their volume. [t moves, as A ti 5 é 2 Bg i 3° ist i cy g 3 § az circle, and this circie intersects whe Equator @t an acute angle of only a few desroes. It sweeps to the westward az one expresses Of the circumference of the globe, until diverted by the Continent of Asia and split into innumerable streams by the Polynesian Isiands. Reachiug the Ladrones, it imparts a mach warmer climate than it has m “uninterrupted grandenr,’’ 1 around = three-erghths iven to the Sandwich or Marqy Ines are made oppressively hot © Map of the Origin Philip 2m Wine | shore. on than grees 5 and OW yer norr, which ain still farther north an lautude 61 de- latitudes piled up on Shoat Point. oo A cog “Tho shore is covered with an tneredible mass aru”, wood, among which are pieces of pumice stone, breh bark, cork, raftwood from the Lofoden Isiaudy, And 2. anes carried Unere by the Be ‘The wood was @ long lune slong Higher up was another wall, which the | water couid hardly reach even im spring tides.” Torrel when exam ning. all this found, among other sitilar things, well-preserved béeaa of entata gizalobium,”’ a weil known West Indian legume. ‘This bean, about one and a balf inches tn diameter, carried by the Gulf Stream across the Atlantic Oceaa, Is trequently thrown on the coasts of Nor- d in thts tnstance offers the pest proof that juif Stream also reaches the north coast of uu. Timber marked with Roman letters, ship timber, dri and bireh park were also found in immense quantities at Seven Isiands— in latitude sull further north than either Spitzber- gen or Northeastiand, During Dr. Hayes’ sojourn et Smith’s Sound, at Port foulke, aud in the most severe weather, “with ihe thermometer below the (reezing pont of mer- cury, once even at 0,70, the sea in the vicinity, a branch of the Gulf Stream, was always open, 80 that the beating of the waves against the shores and ainst each other could always be heard, even when the san did not appear for months and tne sea (in the long polar nian) could not be seen,”? Von Middendorf, a distingaished member of the Russian Imperial Academy, who accompanied the Grand Duke Alexis, in 1570, towards the Pole, wrote vo Dr. Petermann, “I have been able to-day to demon- strato to the Russtan Imperial Academy that the Russian corvette Warjag has proved the extension ofthe Gull Stream to the west coast of Nova Zem- bia, anu that we found it a ihe meridian of Kanio of the Guif Stream. ter, and one familiar with it has sal Imcreases as we reach Malacca, ts ali ag! aud becomes stifing in Its tntensity as these equa- torial waters, after travelling 15,000 miles and being fully 300 days under & vertical sun, are thrown against the eastern shores of Africa, In its course its pathway is strewn with the marks of its thermal and climatic power. If the Gulf Stream has clothed Ireland with tts robe of verdure and made it the ‘“Kmerald Isle,” the Kuro Siwo bas done much for the Aleutian Islands aud Alaska. They are mantied with living green. At is clear that the two great currents of hot water Move with mighty thermal energy toward the Polar Basin. Analogy will show what effect they will have. If the current known as Huwmboldt’s penetrates to the equator and Cools its seas there to the delictous temperature of tne Galapagos. and Marq Islands. why should not the Gull Stream pla! Pole with heat su ticien to preserve ils wate: Perpetual congelation? If we are vo believe the reports and records of Dr, Kane and Dr, Hayes, the open Polar Sea seen by their expeditions was in temperature above thir. ty-six degrees Fanrenheit, and hence far above the teroperature at which sea water becomes a solid (twenty-eight degrees). ‘there certainly issues from the apace aronnd the Pole a ceaseless and mighty flow of waters to the | tions as rey Noss (4334 degrees east) still of a width equal to two degrees of latitude, and of # temperature of 54 degrees, cooling down at deptns of thirty and ally fathoms, only fom four to six degrees. West of the North Cape your figures are irresisible, put east of it vour conciusions are very bold. You have been daring; nature 1s more so.’? Dr. Peter- mann himself writes: — The Russian expedition, under Prince Alexis Alexandro- witsch, made in tue corvette Warjaz (a vessel of the Russian navy), and, among others, accompanied by the ccleprated academist, Von Miadendorf, conducted last summer inter- esting scientific explorations in the wide Polar Sea betwoen Nova Zembia and Iceland, avd found that the Guif Stream has upto Nova Zombla tne vory, hizh temperature of 1 de- grees Reanmur (or 54.50 degrees Fahrenheit). Herr von Mid- dendor®, the author of the most extensive works on the Polar regions which have been published, wriles me eape- cially ahout this expedition, and reserring to the monography publinbed by me in June as regards the Gulf Stream and my standpoint of thermometrical knowledge of the polar regions saya: —“T am exceedincly giad that not only your supposi- ls the extensfon of the Guif Stream have been proved, but that they have been to aconslderable extent ceeded, You were fast, bat mother Nature ws still (aster Onr space forbids the multiplication of hundreds ol additional recent instramental observations de- Moustrating the passage of the Guif stream (in the Jatitade of 80 and 8! degrees), with mighty and ma- Jestic Movement, ani with great quantities of neat Dr. Petermann’s Map of the Prolongation of the Gulf Stream. tropics, Its course is sadiy attested by the hage icebergs, upon waich perhaps many vessels, never heard from, nave foundered. These icy masses are often so numerons in floating clusters as io dely computation. Captain Beechy saw & small one fall froma glacier in Soltzvergen over 400,000 tons in weight. The Great Western, in 1841, in her trana- allanuc trip, met 300 icebergs. SirJohn Ross saw several aground in Baftin’s Bay, to 260 fathoius deep: one he computed to weigh 1,259,397,673 tons. A Danwh voyager saw one measuring 900, 000,000 cubic feet. 4. U. Ross mes with some of these floating mountains twice as large as this; and io Davis Strait, where there is deep water, icebergs have been met having an area of six square miles ana six handred feet high. ‘The hyperborean curreat which beara thease mon- sters on its bosom has formed, by the deposit from ot dissolution, the Graud Bansés of Newfound. land. The single drift of ice which bore on tte Atean shoulders the English ship RKesointe, abandoned by Captain Keliett, and cast it twelve hundred miles to | the south, was computed to be at least three ban dred thonsand square miles in area aud seven feet in thickness. Such a field of ice would weigh eigh. teen billion tons. We say tna waa a singie arift Vorough Davis Stratis, only one of the avenues of Us current from the Pole and onty a fractional part of the snuual drut. Whata mighty and majestic Now of hot waters Must wake piace from the equator toward the poles 1o Wedge out and to bear down Lo low laritudes such terrific masses a4 easily a8 the piston of te Bre en- wine ejects the jet dean! The unhesilating inference drawn from such rea- sonings by those who accepted the narrative of Dr, Kaue and the reasoning of Oaptain Bent was that the proper route for reaching the Pole was the track Of the Guif Stream tuto the Polar Basin, EXTENSION OF THE GULF STREAM. The more receut investigations of the swedish and German expiorers have fully borne out ihe wisdom of this suggestion. They go to show that the Polar Basin is Tilied witn water. Dr. Von Freeden, who has given «uch an admirable account of the Gist German North Polar Expedition of 168, says:—'1 Will state that the great depths of the sea north of Spitzvergen (more than 2,009 fathoma), the strong and reguiat curreat there and the entire absence of icevergs OF glaciers appear to me to be the indi cations of the non-existeace of @ Conunent or greater islands in the Arctic Sea.” Upon the extension of the Gulf Stream ip @ north. ecy and easterly direction, between Nova Zemvia and Spitzvergen, and have “alod iva existence, velocity aud force in these very igh iatitades, As tigi as 74 degrees north Koldewey observed | the sea strived vive and green; the former kuown to be the color of the Guif stream, the latter of the Polar stream. According to Lamont, to the north and east of the Thousaad Isles qatttide #iX thousand miles from tts fountain in the Mexico, bis patty Observed the Guif Sircam jneet the Polar stream with Its larwe ice-drilta, watch Were “rapidiy dissolved.” Dr. iessels, who twice crossed the great sea netweon Spitabergen and Nova Zembla, in the steamet rt, during Angust 1 observed every four rs, und “in the very Wack where the Gulf Stream wight be looked fur Mnmediately eaat of Bear Island (76 nore latiiude), Alexander Huchan, (he eminent Secretary of the tus Meteorviogi Sociwty, Ww iis veauuul vook. “The Handy Kook of Meieuroiogy,” teils us that “1D May, 1661, when Her sritannic Majesty's ship, th? Nile, sailed out of the harbor of Halifax for Bernta, under Admiral Sir Alexander Milue, the water st the stern of the ship was joxty degrees, and on planting {nto the Guit Sireain thé pext mo ment (ne sury rome lo seventy degrees." The cil- mate ¢! tae Gulf Siream has been tracea to great dixipnges, SNe BUCA,” WE are told by the temperature of the sea was 42.4 degrees Falren heit—a fact by which the extension of ive Guif Streatn into these regions is clearly proved." Temporarily conquered or diverted m its strug. gies with the Polar Stream, we aiterwards detect it iB SU higher jatitudes, even though It is compeled do reach them a¢ ® submarine current, OF more signiécance than al) these data is the on- ny Quoson Of drut wood high up in the Arcue cea. The jave Swedish expedition found, especially Bot the tatest expeditions have thrown great light | still rematning toit on tts way to the Pole. If its Frew ry dod strewn by floating ices the latter can be evaded by the dexterous seaman, just as Sir James C. Ross, in his Antarctic expedition of 1842, passed | safely through the ice belt aud ice islands of (he South Pole. In this country many were anxious that Captain Hall should test the Bent theory, now popularly Known as that of the “Thermometric Gateways to the Pole.” Butit is, perhaps, better that Captain Hail should not have attempted it. To cross the seas between Spitzvergen and Nova Zembia should be atempted only * @ thorough sailor, and oue, like Sir James C. Ross, fully acquaintea with ice delta, It took Sir James, when preaking through the ice belts around the South Poe, at one time not less than forty-six days—from the isth of Decem- ber, 1841, to the 2d of February, 18424to work through an ice stream of avout five hundred miles jo width; but he was rewarded by finding on the other side a great open sea free of ice. Modern geography is intensely interested In dis- coveriug What lies beyona that ice belt crossed by Ross in the Antartic regions, which all navigators before him—Cook, Balleay, and even Wilkes—had believed and emphatically declared to be an impenetrable barrier to furtber progress toward the South Pole. According to common Prejudice, he should bave found a steady and pparemere increase of ice and cold as he advanced poleward; but this was by no means te case, a8 Ross sagacioasly anticipated. The biil- haut auticipations of Ross were not disappointea, and, afier breaking through the ice wali which threw itsell a8 a cordon around the Pole, he found an open sea, in which he could sail without dimowty thousands of miles. In the first year, alter emerging from the ice belt, there was to be seen not a pariicie of ice in any direction Irom the masthead, and on the very next day the gallant explorer descried Vic+ torta Land, with its houty voleani¢ cones towering to une ——_ of Mount Blanc, and thus “restored to England the honor of the discovery of the southern- most Known iand, Which bad been novly won by the intrepid Belliugbausen aud ior move than twenty years retained by Russia.’ There cau be litle doubt, if such a persevering and skilful Sailor as oss could now take a steam veasel, armed with @ circular ice saw at her prow, into the xea between a revetyen and Nova Zembla, where it 4 penetrated by the Gult Stream with its ‘potential thermic properties, that a priiliant geographical discovery would crown the experiment, The ice belt once broken through, the sieamer would have but littie diiMicuity in making her seaway to the high- est jaitiude reachea by Parry on foot, and the sight of the Poie ttseli recompense tne explorer. It 1s"@ | remarkablo coincidence, confirming tie reports of the North German expedition, that Ross and Kane, at digerent times and at the Garth's antipodes, ob: served the fact now telegraphed of ‘ike seas swarm- ing wth whales,’* Strange ¢¢ ail these facts are in connection with asc Of Warmer water around tue Pole, they are ensuy understood when the true es of the Guit Stream and Kurr Setvo (wich passes through Behriug Straiy are known. ‘The latter was found by Commodore Rodgers mov- | Ing rapidly north severa) hundred mites above Behr- ing’a “\aits, having passed through that marie gorge Lis stream as large as that of (ie Gulf Stream in tue Klorida Pass, ‘The size of the latier in the Florida | Pass oir John Hersenel estimated at 9,090 times the size of the Mississippl River at New Orieans. The hotion bas long prevailed that the current which passes out through the Florida Pass corresponds to the portion of the great equatorial current’ which Rr, into the Gulf of Mexico between the West dion isands and the peninsula of Yucatan. But Wo have seen slready how the Aptilica meet aud Tesist the equatorial current, and especially how the Wind ward tsiands stand od? in bold and ores. NEW YORK HERALD YRIDAY, NOVEMBER ie i ee Ok eRe | cessful, oh 7 seven bq t the. path ote etek gestwari, Hom, Svorting sep a ve Tfobediont to hydrostatle law, wust inevi- way nt way ould of the West Indian Archt- polnge, and join the other aul e islands, has in the Tun the niet LA] ine inet A] bAtichi say the Guif lorations may show th! le uonstrate [[~¢ e of ve ander Keith Jonnston has reco! branch of Je cpa of shanties extends quently to latitude twen' some- fine 00 the polar limits rf the northeast prade- winds.” The longitude on this chart for thi current is Deewoen the thirtieth and forty-Nfth me- ridians Westof Greenwich, and its breadth ts given as 600 ralee—fany fliteen times as broad as the Guilt current at Bemini. (Keith Johnston. Plate XIL, “Physical Atlas.”) The same representation ig made on the large and beautiful chart of the world (Mercator’s, of Berguaus), ublished at Gotha, two authorities would, if w ported, give credibility to the view now presen’ Another evidence that the Bemini or Florida stream receives an immense acquisition on its way to Newfoundland is furnis! by the deep-sea, soundings of the United States Coast Survey. On its emergence from the Gulf of Mexico tt has a breadth of fourteen | aes (forty-two miles) aad a depth of 2,000 feet, As it ows beyond the Bahamia it_ grows wider and wider, A iy it peter nd aiuent It should, as it ¢xphids in gutlace, diminish in depib. ous 48 not found to be the case, it both widens and dcepeus, Judge Daly, it shouid be added, argues that the ream moves too slowly to reach the polar basin with any effect apon its tee; indeed, he repre- sents this “sea in motion” (a3 it has been called by Major Rennei) as stopping 1n mid ocean at the fovtieth parallel of north latitade. To sustain this remarkable assertion he quotes as his eminent suthority the testimony of Mr. G. W. Blunt, who dogmatically informs us that ‘beyond the Western Islands the Gulf Stream has no existence;” that of the effects of it on the climate ritish islands sre due to inven- tions, stupidities and assumptions;” that “ine Sargossa Sea’? (geen vy Columbus and every other navigator frequenting the track of his ships) “does not exist, and is another of these in- ventions,” 4c. it ie @ little singular that Mr. Blunt shourd be cited to prove what 18 a well known con- teioy £0 ath that has been advanced by such Eng- Buchan, oe loan hydrogrephers crecnel ‘fyn- ie] mary and equally contradicts Judge ‘And yet notwithstandtn Judge Daly publishes this letter, he contradicts Dimseif and his friend Mr, Blant when he says:—-“‘The fact that drittwood was found, together with vegeiable productions of the West Indies, upon the northwest shore of Spitzber- gen as high as eighty degrees north latitude, by tie swedish exped‘tions of 1861 and 1868, indicates that the Gulf Stream reaches that far, but, as the oMcers of the last expedition in tneir report say, ‘in a greatly weakened state,’ and the circumstance that bottles thrown overboara in the West Indies have been found upon the coast of Norway, together with the lact that there is a slow current along that coast as far as the Bay of Varanger.”” “This Swediah expedition of Profcssor Norden- skidid,”? as Sir Roderick J. Murchison stated to the Royal raphical Society, ‘was chieny engaged in natural history Yresearches and geographical explorations,” it is, however, an astonis corroboration of Captain Bent’s reason- ing that Nordenskidia by (undesignedly) following the litte skirt of the Gulf Stream which courses around the west of Spitzvergen and thence north- wardly, sailed toa higher jauitude than any other explorer ever attained. “Alter reaching the lati- tude of 81 degrees 42 minutes, the highest ever yet authentically rec ded as attained by any ship,” says Sir Roderick, the Presideut of the Koyal Geo- graphical Society, “the Swedish screw steamer sprung @ leak, 12 consequence of a shock against a huge mass of ice, aod was with great diMiculty saved; and, aiter refitting im an icy flor.!, Waa just enable) to reach nome,’ Had the svip’s course been directed between Nova Zembla and Gtile Land, in the reain track of the Gull Stream, 1n- stad of on the west of Spitzbergen in one of its We:eaiibhoots, the tee belt might ha¢e been pierced and the “thermometric” tneory of Captain Beat have thus beea unwittingly demonstrated, PETERWANN'S ACCOUNT OF THE GERUAN EXPEDITION. WASAIN@ LON, Nov, 2, 1871, Below is the full text of Dr. Petermann’s Cirea'ar announcing the great discovery of Lieutenants Payer and Weyprecht in the higa;Nortb. it will be seen that 1t verifies all tiiat the HERALD has Jately pubtished on this subject in anticipation of Dr, Petermann’s circular, and corroborates the old American discoveries of Dr, Kane and the splendid theory of Captain Shas Bent, propounded in this country three years ago:— CIRCULAR LETTER OF DR. AUGUSTUS PRTERMANN, GoTHa, Vet, 9, 1871. You will recoliect that the first tmpetns to the present polar explorations was given by the propo- sition of Captain Osborn, RK. N., seven years aa for a British expedition for exploring the centr Arctic region, to pri by Way of Baitin’s Bay aud ‘Sunith’s Sound, which was most earnestly advocated by the seagoing and scientific authorities of Great Britain, and was in a fair way ot being entertamed by the British government; but when placed my views and projects before the Jatter, recommending the sea betweea Kast Green- Jand and Nova Zemb'a as the bas.s of Arctic expe- ditions, Captain Osborn’s project was, after an pond gp, Sree names in four sittings of the Royal Society of London, rejected, and to my view the fullest approvation accorded, Nothing, however, has since been done by the English, whtie Germany, through the generons contributions of her citizens, sent into these fields two national expeditions under Captain Koldewey, and, in addition, exiensive explorations were made in the direc- uon indicated by Dr. Dorst and Dr. Begseis, in Rosentuai’s vessel, and subsequently by Count Zeil and Von Heughiin at their own expense, aud very important. results reached, through which Noz- wegian fishermen were abie to clear, some of them, on ape per cent over thelr pecuniary investment, and, moreover, to add the most valuable scien: tific observations, discoveries and surveys to our fund of iniormation. Captain Koldewey has since expressed vimself, in regard to North Polar expeditions, entirely of tne opinion of Captain Osborn, deeming Smith’s Sound as the best route. but 1d» not believe that he will obtain the money for 4 German pe on an Engltsa plan which has been rejected by the British autnorities then- selves, and for which he, moreover, pelicves two steamers, fitted out and provided for at least two years, will be indispensabie, already, during the second North German expedition, the most un- a differences had arisen between myself and Vaptain Koldewey, through conflicting views, and yr opposite of what | advocated having gone over to Osborn and expressed himself publicly in regard to the eastern half of tne Arctic Sea as foilows:— The attempt to penetrate in a vesse! between Nova Zemb! and Spitavergen f consider uu undertacing whieh mast ena ino total failure, and I wovid take part in sued an ex pedi- tion only in cage Dr, Petermano would accompany it in per- son. Reasons for this opinion he does not give, but it seems Captain Koliewey does not tnink tt neces- sary to give reasons for his views and as sertions. How little Captain Koldewey’s opin- ions are shared by other equally competent, experienced and sclenti'c men 18 shown py the fact that, Immediately after the publication of These Opinions in May, ay expedition leit im June for the exploration of the very sea which Captain Koldewey would choose to visit only in my company, and that his own associate in the previous expedi- ton, the highly distinguished Fust Licuteaant Julius er, of the “Austrian army, and that excellent naval oiicer, Lieuvenant Wyprecht, undertook it, Compared with Koldewey’s last expedition it would have been unjust to deny to the courage and the acientific fervor of these gentlemen the very Nighest appreciation, if even t had been jess suc The} feat with wry eans— in o sunall, hed Norwegian satiing veesel— ‘While Koide wey had been provided with two of the Dnest vessels, Htted out luxuriously, He managed to penetrate, during two suinmers, only to seventy. five degrees thirty-one minutes north, a third of a degree higher than Clavering forty-seven years ago, and in sieighs only to seventy-seven degrees one minute north; while Lieutenants Pay and ‘Wyprecht sailed In a smail vessel through that much dreaded sea to seventy-nine degrees north. ‘She telegram of October 3, announcing the retarn of Payer aud Wyprecht from the high north to ‘Tromave reads verbally a9 follows:— In Beptember, open een, followed from forty-two degrees to sixty degrees cast of Greenwich, beyond seventy-elg) degiees north latiinde. Highest reached | seventy-nine degrees north, oo the meridian of forly-three Gegrees east, There found favorable state of leetoward the borth, probable connection with the toward the east, probably the moat favorable route to North Pole. ‘The last part of the telegram is not enurely ciear, but have reason to couclude from it that Kin, Cari's Land, discovered last year by Count Zeil anc Von Heughiin, reaches southward to seventy-seven degrecs twelve minutes north, The latter gentlemen have received font ge ooh of the highest vaiue for’their discoveries and their labors in Easter ppitzvergen from the Royal age sg pe arm | of London and 4s late President, Sir Koderick L Mui- chison. “4 ine cruise and the discovery of Paver and Wey- recht prove how litte welgnt can be placed upon ne views and assertions of Captain Kolewey, and also how mach appreciation the undertaking of these explorers, their cow and their geuuime actentfic ardor, in the tace of such errors deserves, ‘The Giecovery i. we more oe a yo sees tidings from the European f ress ate extraordinarliy. unfavoraule conditions of weather and ive, It must be assumed it or a robabl; Fe and Weyprecht belt of driit ice before they reached an open sea of Cvutshaped opporibel, jing Auuenyy biTsiers | eMgbieen degrees longitude iu extent ald that they Pitt WiL-rRIPLE SHEET, — | eastward over the Wi thus for the first time broke throngh the Arctto batt ‘es Wesco ‘and Ross ‘Guit Stream, published in iene Tvarew, Ser th Rosonthal's after Dr, Beasel’s onservations in a is lace in latitude. “latitude 0} east,” which eset ean tenant Weyprecbt, a gentleman equally cantions and teabowse im tis profession, now announces as that of the most favorable ice re- ble connection with the open Sea towards the east and fur the most practi- cable and favorable route to the North Pole. I have received also other highly interesting accounts of other North Polar expeditions of this year, with valu- able reports and a complete Journal, irom which I Mal char in the eve Aumbey tre leon number of tne DbischeMitthellungen,” A. PETERMANN. THE WEATHER. Wan Deranruayr, Orriow OF THE Onur Sanat, OFFICE, Wasaineron, DP. v., Noy. 3—1 A. M. Synopsis ‘or the Past Tosnty-rour Hous. The barometer has risen sluce Wedneaday aight in the Atlantic States, and to a less extent on the Lakes. Oloudy weather has conunued from Laké Superior to Lake Erie and Northern New England; elsewhere partially cloudy or clear weather nas prevailed. The highest pressure remains in Tennessee and northward to Lake Michigan, with ight northeasterly winds in the Southern and Guil States, Cioud and rain have prevatied on the coast of Uregon; clear weather in California. Probabilities, An area of high barometer Will probatly move ov Lower Lukes and Mudie States, with northerly winds from Pennsyl- vania to. New England; . north easterly wings from Pennsylvania to South Carolina Partially clear and pleasant weather prevatis in the Southern. and Guif States: The winds on the upper lakes veers to southwest, with increasing cloudt- ness, with a falling barometer and fising tempera- ture. An area of low barometer ia probably norih of Lake Superior and advancing southeast, = _ Wind.—Dangerous winds are not anticipated for our coasts to-night, unless possibly on Lake Su- perior. THE GRAND DUKE. Apprepriation for the Military Bands, ‘The cause.of discontent among the musicians ‘ attached to the various infantry regiments in New York has at length been removed. Ata meeting of the principal members of the Executive Committce yesterday afternoon it was resolved to carry out the suggestions of Major Montgomery and General Aspinwall and make an appropriation for the musicians. The gentiemen forming the Commitice on Masic, consisting of Messrs. Barlow, Berzh, Dun- can and General Shaler received a certain ttein, ample for the purpose, which they will distribute to ‘the various musicians after the parade. Everything else being now setiled, the Prince only is wanted, No Military Prrade Betore the Election. HRsDQUARTERS Finest Division N. G. 8. N,V.) Nw York, Nov. %, 1871. "§ ‘by Mejor General Shaler, commandins the 5 you to'announce, for the in(onmation of ail verso 1s interested, that ao part of the Firat Division will ba ordered to parace for the reception of His Lmperie! Highness the Grand Duke Alexis of Russa until after Tuesday next, ‘the 7th inst. Ve porn ‘THOMAS FAIRGRIEVE, Captain ai ___. MISORELANEOUS. A ROYAL HAVANA LOTrBry, * OFFICIAL DRAWING OF OCTOBER %4,1871, oP Pri i iy re isa) a cae Be sao | 35)... 500) 826... . 800) 440... 800} 479....800) iia oy 8... 200} @ g = 200 ae Lt SRR eee: ee Oeseeseees asses reveuseie Ly Mis, 13081 1466. a0: ia 1 5 4 :80u| 14156; °;" 800] 18648 1673, “1800}14178: *. 00) 18688 1103. B00] 14183. -° “pa 18776. lier oo) of: 300 1a 1769. 300} 14420. alias I [Bou | 14439, Tee 3773, 6183. 7200] 14540. °° $90) 18%) 6163, BO: 200 18941 62s. 7300) 14568, °; "00/1059. 6a ol ant -990 tts 6390. 200) 1 e3 3: Beste +f Et “300 18006; ‘800 B00 | 151. $00 18 19945, 600} 15 19858 15983. 15083. 15453. erbdee Bobcse Tiss. | 15600, 7199. B40 15681. 20376. 5 “tLe: 20g 7388. Rov) 18786... . 800 Ti 800) 15812... B00 | 50848. 7316. ‘B00| LSRBL. :: R00 | oR. 300] pou 20104 i BO | 20450 BU} 15910, . . . 800) 20488. BOO} 15920. °< “00 |S06u2. Ba eat -Bu0| 20519. 08 | 1 800 | 20647 Lea. - :- 800] 20603. 16047... . 800) 20608. 16259: °°“ au6] 20691 300 16278... .BOu} 20783, 11775, . . .800) 16316. .. 209) 20786. 11s, 16429... .300/20815. 11896... 600) 16449. °° 200) 0823. 11935. 16478... 2001 11960. 16880. 200 11998. 1G5SR. . . 800/31 12028. ieeue B00) 21 ¥ 16647. .2u008!21 A300 Bou] Aor. woo at at 300 Ae7ee. “sno 1443. re bir pes the Bitsy 19167... “400 | 16551. n1243. Hi }. + 408) 16886... 300] 21806. 120: 16689. S00 Ht ken 16997. «Bou Tsiwy. a7 ‘800 al 12768. 17094... BOO} 12846 17157: °.500)31 12862. 1760... aafaieAD, A) de los $ 20602 ae furninhed, and the highest «all kinds of Gold and Sfiven, 4 CO,, Bankers, 16 Wall atrect, New York, Ast YRENOH CHINA, AT HALF PRICK, 60 DIREGT To THE MANOFACTURERS. lity, @l a dozen. ove Dinner Service for 19, B18 f0. French Jardinieres, flower pot and flower, #10, ALSO @ LARGE IMPORTATION of French Bronzes, Clocks, Vases, Parian Statuary, Table Gian, Cullery and Plated Ware. mt FOR WEDDING PRESENTS. BAVE 80 PER CENT, AT J. MORTON & €O.'S, FRENCU ARCADE, a8 B WAY. ABSOLUTE DIVORCES LEGALLY OBTAINED IN diferent States; desertion. ce. suMeient oaase; no publicity ; no charge lint divorce granted; alvice free, M. HOUSE, Attorney, 18) Broaaway. VY OBTAINED FROM No publicity, | Adlviog at 'E DIVORCE LEGALL urts of diderent Stain free. Notary Pabiic and Comm: evar .. FL KING Conase Mf Broa tway. ARGAINS IN TEAS, COFFEES, GROCERIB® AND Provisions; warranted to suit ine palate and ine pockets of the miilion. THOMAS R. AGNEW, ‘260 Greenwich street, New York. rhadahhiland abel hie SS JORNS, BUNIONS, NAILS, ENLARGED JOINTS, J Waris, eure, without pala.” RIG ANSLHILA TOK, cures corus, bunions, ehb.b! &o., by mail, [00, has: 1CK, 410 Broadway, corner Faiton street, Pxctanar. ~YOUR CASH OR ANY OTHER GOOD 4 value or pay by the week or month tor your Furni Carpets and Bedding, at BM. COWFERTUWAIIS, ol Ag itnmcnge Hook aud low Driven } Aide Jon #100000) AI Wr. 1000 | 16646. § Ba ie i ne peat H Di ail ad a in a ? i li I acavity or matter cannot ripen, 90 to ‘cure is 2 E ts What ie necessary appetite, a good nutrition, the fat; then nature is helped, the will ripen and be thrown off i pian to const nptian, ita ‘cure constimptian, an fungs are not entirery destroyed, oF even Ifo gone, f there la enough there is hope, wit ad cured with uve und enfor life to rood old acer” This iz fener to-cute. eeemnee ay vp fon and ture the assistance sb neste to clear tyetern: lt te dose that tain the lungs, whatever the, ‘otisimportant that while usin Sohenck’s Medicines, ate; 3 5. sagse Hay BE sf vitality: 2 AH Hi i shi exercised not to take cold; ki mndoors In con. And damp weather; avold Hight sir and take outdoor exert Clge oniy tna gental and warm . T wish ft tly un erstood that whe I recommend patient to be cardvul in regard to taking cold while ielpe recovered Trown ihe. effects, of gba eee entay ‘ae aoe ray aa cured, ani recisely I h are not = Jove ta tere fatratne yt danger oF ® haat the daaes J posed to Teitating induences. ‘The utmost tr tine sparticutar,, a3 without (ta cure wider alma: any, circumstances is an imp-ssi a Themen “should We kept ot i wholesome diet adda the medicines contigued until nat tity of and ‘ ion, ave rs Haase ae one Tang: mostly soos, T ave cured thou tania alnce, leet very Cop gad been ‘by this matbout the lat of De ber I expect to ce possension ‘irections accompany all my remedies, 90 that @ per-" son'tn any partor the world cam be readily cured by a etrich observance Of hOMAG, SCHENCK. M, D.» Phil piace, : jadelphia, JOHN PF, HENRY, No, 8 College New York, wholes talo agent. A —ROYAL HAVANA LOTTERY, * OFFICIAL DRAWING OF OCTOBER 24,1471, 1 No, Prise! No Prisa) Ho. ‘yh09. 1904... 00 17200. : seo] 300}17373., iat a Hi Hbae SBEEE ‘ SERPRERESEEOVEEEEOG SSS 2EREERROESS: esbabubbbbierribenesteiy Bad ete p55 EG" FEERUOEEREES HELA fi a6n0at eeu eSEn Bag APPROXIMATION PRIZES. de los +8500) 1u00| ass. J. B. MAKTINEZ & CO., Banners, 10 Wall Box 4,68 Post ofion, New meen nil 1676 [ST#BNATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, The ti DIN nested ti seed eh tehee bes nsurance public are 10 ran TATE OF NEW YORK, 7 INSURANGE DEPARTMENT, ALBANY, NOV. 3, 1871. weet of the INTERNATION AL IN~ RK ] have examine Invested and availe, In eirernes af the RURANCK COMPANY OF NEW YO! ite affairs iva condition to be THR COM ¥ Wat able to the amount of $1, GRORGE W, MILLER, Superintendent Insurance Depariment. (0 MORD MEDICINE CURES OF DYSPEPSI Phinisis, Commtipaitons Diarrhicea ‘Liver and Nervoud, » 1 thing Disaraers TEVALENTA ARABICA, FOOD, in ines. bes deen 8 aARAy Poe, Dey street, New York. Grocery, Spice, Murtard and Drug Trades are Interested in an impor teat man and Samuel Crump (Gardpe street, New York, acting for the Colmans), re; ‘a Dull, cow or steer'a head om Mustard which th 9 old. A meeting of great Importance into be held, Yorks on Monday, Rovotaber 6 Ty a 84 o'clock PM ‘ork, on Moni 1 * Bamnel Willers Buns, pipns a neha, tact Pome Fischer, Hirby & brown, Charles L. Stickpev, Noriaat odin, ° Maron ¥, Bunn '& ©, Fulton thy inthe N ‘2 —LUXURY, HRALTH, ECONOMY ey valng DOOLEY'S YEAST Tolle, Dingul INSURED BY. WDER, Kiegant Hal Wm eur prepared 1m ten minutes,