The New York Herald Newspaper, June 22, 1871, Page 6

——= ert ec SCO C~™~: 6 NEW YORK HERAL BROADWAY AND ANN STREET. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR, i — Volame XXXVI.. -++No. 173 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVERING, GRAND OPERA HOUS: of 8th ay. _ ‘Tax Tasre Hunousacks” os eee BOWERY THEAT! Bowery,—O' ‘haces Uae ‘RE, wery,—OVER TUE Fatis— FIFTR AVENUE THEATRE, Twenty-fourth street.— DELMONIOO'SR, OLYMPIO STEALER. BOOTH’S THEATRE, 23d st, between Sth and 6th avs.— Tux Man 0’ ane ‘WOOD'S MUSEUM, Broa , corner 30th st.—Perform- ances every afternoon and even.ug—THUZE BLIND MICE. THEATRE, Broadway.—Tur CHILD WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broadway and 13th street.— Tus Lone Staixx. NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—PAUL CLIFFORD; OR ‘Tur Lost Hern MRS. F. B. CONWAY'S FARK THEATRE, Brooklyn.— ScuxipEn, wetigin CENTRAL PARK GARDEN.—Tugopons Tuomas’ SUMMER Nigars' Concenrs. a PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, No. 201 Bowery.— RIT. DR. KAHN’S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 745 Broadway.— SomNCE AND ART. New York, Thursday, June 22, 1871. CONTENTS OF TO-DAY’S HERALD. Pack. arene Gon Advertisements. 2—Advertisements. 3—Ohio Politics: Meeting of the Republican Con- Yention at Columbus; Ben Wade Kcures; Ratification Meeting and Speech of Senator Sherman—Sunset Cox in Ohio—*Black Fri day,” Jr.: Another Panic in Wall streat; Nu- merous Failures and Enormous Losses— Amusements—New Hampshire Legislature. 4—France: Paris Recuperating and How the City Appears at Present; The Work of Destruction— Lonis Blanc: What His Views Are on the Pre- sent Situation in France as Expressed to a HERALD Correspondent—The Papal Guaran- tees—Literary Chit-Cuat—Board of Health— Fatal Accident at Yonkers—Buried Alive—A Livuor Dealer Charged with Larceny—The Delaware Peach Crop. $—Yachting : The annual Regatta of the New York Yacht Club; Fourth Annual Regatta of the Columbia Yacht Club—Ware's Last Chance— Second Day of the spring Trotting Meeting at Beacon Park, Boston—Base Ball Notes—Popu- Jar Education: How the Young Idea is Taught to Shoot in This Vicinity—West Point : The Cadets Piten Their Tents and Prepare for Suwmer—Religious Intelligence—Large Fire 1m Catskill—Condition of Governor Warmoth, of Louisiana. 6—Editorials : Leading Article, “President Thiers and the Republic—Tne Bourbons and the Bonapartes’””—Amusement Announcements, '7~France : Favorable Keception of Thiers’ Finan- cial Exhibit; Progress of the Political Campaign—Austria: Speech of Count Benst_ in the Retchstag—Itaty: Bill tor tne Reorganization of the Army Passed by the Chamber—News from Germany, Keigium, Roumania, Switzerland, England, Spain, Greece, Java, India, Buenos Ayres, Mexico and Jamaica—The Indians—Long Branch—The Corea: Later Despatches from Admiral Rodgers—Miscellaneous Telegraph— Views of the Past—business Notices. $-—The Lavahan Triali—Funeral of Dr. Connolly and the Children—The Late Long Island Horror—Atiempied Murder—Proceedings in 9—Financial and Commercial Keports—Domestic Markets—The Obstructions in the Harbor— Advertisements. 10—News from Washington—Shipping gence—Advertisements. 11—Advertisements. A2—Advertisements, Tntelll- Tue Lrrttz Sur Racusa is still above the waves. She was spoken recently by an out- ward bound Liverpool steamer, in latitude 48, (ongitude 32, getting along swimmingly. Genera SHERMAN is again in Washington after his long tour through the Indian country. He states, as the result of his inspection, that all apprehensions of a general Indian uprising are unfounded. Genera SonENoK will make his first bow to Queen Victoria on Friday next. The Amer- ican Minister, in his regulation swallow-tail, will cut but a sorry figure by the side of orna- mented and ornamental flunkydom. CaMERoNIsM IN MaryYLANp.—A_ political organization has been formed in Baltimore for the purpose of advocating the renomination of General Grant for President and Simon Cameron for Vice President. ‘Do as Simon gays, not as Simon does.” Toe Largest Kerosene Horror.—Mre. Garigan, of Long Island City, saturated her clothes with kerosene on Monday morning, and then, taking her babe in her arms, set fire to them. Her husband coming in seized and saved the child, but the woman was 80 badly injured that she died on Tuesday. Insanity is believed to be the cause of this strange and terrible freak. Dyamonp ReeEF, between the Battery and Governor's {sland, has been completely cleared away, and the reef opposite Coenties slip will probably be removed under the effective ‘“‘blasts” of General Newton by the 4th of July. Thus the lower East river will be rendered entirely clear of dangerous obstructions, and within a year it is calculated that Hell Gate will be thrown fully open to the great Euro- pean steamers that are supposed to be longing for that mode of entrance to our harbor. What revolutions this opening may occasion in the status of our metropolis is one of the great all-absorbing questions of the day. Austria is on friendly terms with Russia, said Count Beust the day before yesterday in his speech to the Reichsrath. He denied that Russia tried to meddle with the internal affairs of Austria, And if she had—the Aus- trian Chanceller in diplomatic language goes on to say—she would have been snub- bed and told to mind her own busi- ness. The oldest empire in Europe to submit to the dictation of the semi- civilized Muscovite—never! A very sensible thing of Count Beust to say. ‘The London Conference,” he furthermore declares, ‘‘was satisfactory to the Austrian government,” That may be. ‘An’ it were not, it would be all the same—no use crying over spilt milk. But when he says that Austria’s ‘‘authority has increased because of her non-partici- pation in a war upon the question” he is saying as much as that England’s conduct was highly foolish and inconsistent, and that all the English blood and treasure that has been poured out in the Crimean war has been poured out in vain. Count Beust is afflicted with Communo- mania, too. The disease seems to be con- tagious, to judge by the accounts we have from the different countries of Europe. But the sixty thousand more florins which the Count has asked of the Reichsrath for the secret service fund will scarcely be sufficient {0 oppose its spread. NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY. JUNE 22, 1871.-TRIPLE SHEET, President Thiere—The Republic, the Bour- bens aud the Benapartes. On Tuesday last President Thiers delivered aspeech in the Assembly, in which he de- nounced as absurd the policy of Napoleon, and traced to him and his policy all the dis- asters which have befallen France. As we have not the speech before us we know not by what arguments the President made out bis case. We have no doubt, however, that M. Thiers made a good speech, and made out not a bad case. In the course of his speech, we are told, the President vindicated somewhat the course pursued by Gambetta. His single objection to Gambetta’s policy was that he did not make peace with Germany when it became apparent that the Army of the Loire could not possibly succeed. The President is most anxious to have the indemnity paid to Ger- many as quickly as possible. He is not in favor of an income tax or the re-establishment of any prohibitory measures, A few taxes of a simple character will, he thinks, be sufficient to enable the government to meet all demands. His closing sentence was worthy of the occa- sion, and it ought to be posted on the head- quarters of every department and of every parish throughout tho country. ‘‘France,”’ he said, “should and will derive many advan- tages from her misfortunes.” This speech of President Thiers must be regarded as one of the great facts of the hour. Taken in connection with the letter which he has just written to Alexandre Dumas, con- gratulating him on an article in one of the public journals favoring the continuance of the republic, we must admit that so far as his words reveal his purposes M,. Thiers means to give the republic a fair chance. We rejoice in this. We had our misgivings regarding the President. We knew from his past history that although he had given proof of great ability he was one of the most supple of poli- ticians. His affection for the House of Orleans he has never disguised; and the speedy abrogation by the Assembly, under his direction, of the law which kept the princes of that house in exile naturally enough encour- aged the thoaght that the restoration of the heir of the Citizen King was seriously con- templated. The reported fusion of the Boar- bons, to many who were not new to the study of French political parties, seemed a step in the same direction. It must be admitted, however, that the President, what- ever behis inner thoughts, has not, since his advent to power, uttered one word directly discouraging to the republicans. Nay, he has on more than one occasion pledged himself to support the republican cause. So far honest criticism must confess that M. Thiers has not openly betrayed the trust reposed in him, No man, however, knows better than the President of the present French republic that the situation is in the last degree critical. The terrific storm has subsided, but the ark ‘has not yet found its Ararat. The supplementary elections now engross the attention of the politicians, and, indeed, of the entire population of France. We know that what remains of the Commune, that the moderate or conservative republicans, that the fused Bourbon or monarchical faction, and that the Bonapartists or Imperialists, are all busy at work, and that each party is deter- mined to express its strength through the sup- plementary elections, We know that each is more or less confident of success. We know, also, that, while France awaits the result of the supplementary. elections with mingled fear and hope, the conviction is general that the result will be to a large extent decisive. The Orleanists are openly in the field. The ad- herents of the house of Bonaparte are cun- ningly pursuing their purposes. With the exception of Prince Napoleon, who offers him- self for Corsica, the more prominent men of the empire stand aloof; but it is well known that trusted, though less pronounced, candi- dates are working in their interest. A report reaches us through the Indépendance Belge— generally a well-informed paper—that a Bonapartist Congress is to be held on an early day at Brussels. It is almost certain that we shall have, in a day or two at most, a manifesto from Napoleon himself; or from some one known to be in his confidence. Oa the eve of a testing election a manifesto is necessary, and the undisguised attack made upon the imperial policy by President Thiers renders farther silence on the part of the representatives of the defunct empire in the last degree dangerous, That the empire was a failure when called upon to measure its strength with Germany all the world knows; but surely the representatives of the empire have something to say for them- selves, If the speech of M. Thiers produces no other fruit, it will at least give keenness to the political canvass now going on, and lend intensity to the feelings which will find expression at the ballot box on the 2d of July. There is no true American who does not wish to see a strong conservative republic established in France. It is the form of government which the French people have been seeking and striving after for the last ninety years. True, they have pursued their purpose foolishly, blindly and sometimes wickedly, but still they have pursued it. The success of the First Napoleon blinded them to their interests, put them off their guard, and led them into depths of misery. The restoration of the monarchy after the fall of Napoleon was at best but an accepted necessity which was laid upon them. The outbreak of 1830, although it failed, revealed the undying spirit. The revolution of 1848 might bave been a success but for the glitter of a glorious name. The republican spirit, which has so unmistak- ably revealed itself since Sedan, was not dead, but only held in check during the second empire. None knows these facts so well as the historian of the revolution, of the consulate and of the empire, If he is wise in the day of his power, if he would write his own name indelibly on the page of history, if he would be remembered as the savior of his country, he will fulfil all his promises, stand by tbe republic and refuse to let go until France, fairly and fully tested, pronounces against him. We cannot, however, close our eyes to facts. It is notorions that the Versailles Assembly, in its original shape and before the Commune thinned its numbers, was two-thirds monarchical. The members who retired were mainly radical republicans. The Assem- bly is, therefore; more monarchical to- day than when it was Grst constituted. Is it conceivable that the supplementary elections will so reduce the monarcbical ma- jority as to give the republic a chance? Unless in the meantime the monarchists of the Assembly have become converts to the republic we cannot say that the supple- mentary elections will improve the prospect of the republic. M. Thiers, however, does not need to submit to defeat without dissolving the Assembly and appealing to the whole French people. A general election may yet be found necessary. Most certainly M. Thiers will not have done his duty by the republic if, the supplementary elections proving ad- verse, he abandons without further effort the cause of the republic. We have no faith in the plébiscite, but a general election might satisfy France. As we have said already, the presumption is that-France has not seen the end of her troubles. The hated Germans are retiring and most anxious to get home. The Com- mune has been suppressed, but France has not yet founda government. Between now and the 2d of July party feeling will run high. Let us hope that the elections of that day will result in a vote of confidence in M. Thiers, and that, M. Thiers proving equal to the occa- sion, the republic under his auspices will once more have a fair start, The Last Sensation in Wall Street. If moralizing would.cure the speculative fever which so often besets the community a cure would have been effected long ago. But such moralizing seems to have about as much result as does preaching. Speculation and sinning go on all the same. Just as the moral world affords a thousand themes aud ten thousand bad examples for the subject and illustration of the preachers’ remarke, the financial world now and then gives a striking reason for avoiding the evil of speculation. Yesterday Wall street was the scene of one of those periodical panics which come like a thunder-clap out of a clear sky or like an earthquake in San Francisco. The dwellers in the frail tenements of the latter city are not more sub- ject to having the timbers come tumbling about their ears than are the speculators in Wall street to have the fancy values of stocks engulf them in disaster and ruin. Yet the latest panic, like the latest earthquake, is soon forgotten, and the sufferers are the only ones who hold it iaremembrance. The most recent collapse is luckily confined to a single stock of the numerous list at the Stock Exchange—a respectable, dividend-paying railway stock, by the way, which, on the generally accepted theory of Wall street, ought to be a “sure thing” and devoid of risk. But a good thing may be overdone. In the present case a large and wealthy pool started a speculation in the shares of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, and, acting on the belief that an advance in its value beyond the ordinary average market price would be sure to enlist sufficient specu- lation for a fall, they boldly bought and put away vast quantities of the stock, hoping to produce what is technically known as a “corner,” the successful issue of which would enable them to dictate the price at which they would sell. But they happened to make the mistake of reckoning without their host, The “bears” were so impressed with the folly of selling for a decline at a period of the year when the ease of the money market is usually Inimical to such a speculation that they re- fused to fall into the trap so ingeniously set for them, and the pool, after buying up everybody's stock and letting in the outsiders for generous profits, found themselves embar- rassed for the means to take care of their enormous burden. Nobody wanted the stock at the advanced and inflated price, and a vig- orous activity in the stock, created by their own orders to buy and sell, failing still to attract outside orders for its purchase, the seeds of internal treason were sown, and some of the pool shifted their load on the others. The sequel is readily anticipated. The ability to sustain being in inverse order to the im- posed weight the load toppled over, and Rock Island tumbled from its dizzy 1303 to the more stable level’ of 110. One feature of the pres- ent crash is the limitation of the disaster to the cliques and their tools, The game was all theirs, and so are its losses. Seldom, indeed, have the confiding public been so little in- volved in a Wall street smash-up. Usually they are the victims—the sheep shorn by the speculators’ shears. But the professional thimble-riggers of the stock market have, in this instance, been caught in their own wiles. A Frenxon PRoTECTORATE—RESTORATION IN Rome DeMaNDED.—The Archbishop of Cam- brai and the Bishop of Arras have addressed a letter to the French National Assembly de- manding the re-establishment of the French protection of Rome for the Papacy. Even if France was willing to undertake such a work she is not in the position todo so, A move- ment of that kind just now would mean war, and in the present state of France she is inca- pacitated from entering upon a new quarrel, If the Papacy depends on France for help it relies ons broken reed. Austria, Catholic as it is, is not willing to interfere; Spain is out of the question; Germany is friendly toward the Pope and nothing more, and Italy, without foreign interference, will carry out her programme and quietly make Rome the capital of the united nation. All things considered there is no necessity for the re- sumption of a foreign protectorate of the Holy Father in Rome. A Coon Morpgrer is the man Ware, in New Jersey, who killed his father last August and was sentenced to be hanged. A writ of error was obtained yesterday, and when his respite was presented to the condemned ho laughed heartily at the joke on the under- taker, who had prepared a very elaborate funeral for him, and at bis “bummer” com- rades, who had rigged themselves out in Sunday clothes to attend his obseqnies. He is a subject that will do honor to the desperate religious ‘‘spurt” that the gallows always calls forth. Is toz New Hampsninet Leeistatore there are five Catholics,:who are ineligible under the constitution on account of their reli- gion. This is a relic of the barbarous blue laws of the old Puritanical days, That the New Hampshire constitution is loaded with it is enough to condemn all boasted freedom in that State, ‘The Papal Guarantees—The Official Bill ef the Italian Parliament. We submit to our readers this morning the text of the bill known as the Papal Guaran- tees bill, lately passed by the Italian Parlia- ment and approved and promulgated by the King, touching the prerozatives of the Pontiff and the Holy See and the relations between Church and State in Rome and throughout Italy. Itis avery important bill to Church and State in Italy and to the whole Christian world, Catholic and Protestant; and to the general reader, recognizing the wisdom of the American fundamental idea of governmeot— the sovereignty of the people, as represented in the State—this bill will, doubtless, appear to be fair and liberal. It first declares that the person. of the Supreme Pontiff is sacred and inviolable, and shall be held under the same protection of law as the King; but “the discussion of religious matters is entirely free.” The bill further provides that the Italian government shall render to the Pope the honors due to royal rank, and that he shall have the liberty to maintain the ordinary number ef guards attached to his person and for the custody of his palaces, subject to the laws of Italy; that he shall have an annual dotation for his sup- port and for the maintenance of his ecclesias- tical establishment at Rome, including musenmg, library, &c., of three millions two hundred and twenty-five thousand livres, equal in round numbers to six hundred and forty-five thousand dollars; that he shall be exempt from taxation; that he shall have the free enjoyment of the palaces of the Vatican and the Lateran, their edifices, grounds and gardens, and also the villa of Castel Gandolfo, exempt from tax; that there shall be no in- terference during a vacancy in the Pontificate with the personal liberty of the cardinals, nor atany time with the assemblies of the Con- clave and the Ecumenical Councils, &., &c. Furthermore, the Supreme Pontiff shall have liberty freely to cerrespond with the whole Catholic world, and may establish postal and telegraph offices for this purpose, and employ therein agents of his own choosing; and the stamp of the Holy See, telegraphic or postal, shall be exempt from tax or charge throughout Italy, &c. Seminaries, academies, colleges and other institutions for the education of the priesthood in Rome and in the six suburban seats, shall remain under the exclusive, con- trol of the Holy See. Such are the guarantees of the Italian government provided for the maintenance of the authority, independence and dignity of the Pope as the head of the Catholic Church. The relations of Church and State, as es- tablished in the same bill, embrace some valu- able concessions to the Pope and the Church, especially within Rome and its suburban seats, and provision is to be made by a further enactment ‘for the reorganization, the conservation and the administration of ecclesiastical property throughout the king- dom.” No change, meantime, is made ‘‘in regard to the enactments of civil laws respect- ing the creation and modes of existence of ecclesiastical institutions and the alienation of their estates.” It all amounts to this: that the Italian government, having appropriated to itself and entereé into the occupation of the Pope’s temporalities, he ceases to exist as a temporal sovereign, while, as head of the Catholic Church, in the preser- vation of his dignity and independence, he be- comes a dependent upon the government of Italy, and is so treated in this bill. It must be admitted, however, that, compared with the treatment of the Pope by the First Napoleon, Italy provides for him generously, and with much consideration in regard to his spiritual authority. Indeed, considering the radical re- volutions of the day in reference to Church and State all over Europe, these “Papal gua- rantees” of the Italian government are remark- ably liberal, and go, doubtless, as far in behalf of the Pope as that government can go without running the risks of a republican revolution. The Pope, however, protests without reser- vation or qualification that these so-called gua- rantees are base pretences; that he will have none of them, and that, ina word, he will con- sent to nothing short of the restoration of his estate and his authority as a temporal sove- reign. On or about the Ist of July, then, when the King of Italy and the Italian govern- ment are to be transferred to Rome as the capital of the State, will come the practical decision of the question—will the Pope remain in Rome as a subject of the King of Italy, or will he retreat to Corsica as an exile ufder the protection of France in the hope of an ultimate restoration to his temporal kingdom? We cannot tell what course he will pursue; but we think, and for his own sake and for the sake of the Church we hope, that he will remain in Rome. A Recent Pigoe of ill luck for Billy Ed- wards and Tim Collins, the late contestants for the light-weight championship, was getting fined $1,000 each and being sentenced to one year’s imprisonment in the Penitentiary on Blackwell’s Island. More ill luck followed them yesterday on their being brought, on writs of habeas corpus and certiorari, before the Supreme Court, General Term. The writ of habeas corpus was dismissed, and, as to the latter writ, the Court decided that it could not be regarded through irregularity of ser- vice. The result is, that owing to eight days’ notice being required before renewal of any proceedings, that nothing can be done in the matter before the next term of the court, which will not be held till next November, Meantime the prisoners stand remanded, and there is no alternative for them now except to spend thelr summer vacation on the island, Tne Snor MaNvuracturgrs’ Protgst.—The New England shoe manufacturers have issued @ protest against the internal revenue tax on boots and shoes. They claim that the tax has rendered them unable to compete with Canadian manufacturers in the markete of Mexico, the West Indies and South America, and that the government draws eighteen mil- lions of dollars from the people of this country by this unjust levy. The argument of the pro- test also leans strongly toward free trade in leather. A Hirou in Tae New Derarrurs.—We publish elsewhere a list of some fifteen or twenty democratic papers in Ohio which protest against the new doparture. The new machine really does not seem to work ss smoothly as it mighty Oceanic Ageucios. Ina very recent editorial the London Times grows very uneasy and fidgety over a certain hypothesis advanced in America regarding the circulation of the Gulf Stream. It seems that in his celebrated address, delivered a year ago in St, Louis, the eminent American hydrographer, Captain Silas Bent, suggested to his audience the future possibility of the Gulf Stream washing through the Isthmus of Darien and the consequent failure of this mighty current to supply to England that warmth and moisture which, to borrow the words of Pro- fessor Tyndall, have ‘‘clothed her fields with verdure and mantled the cheeks of her maid- ens with roses.” The Times enters into a lengthy two column discussion of: this interesting problem and considers it mainly in the light of the recent brilliant but incomplete researches of Dr. Carpenter. It says:— The long accepted belief in the agency of the Gulf Stream as a potent carrier of heat irom tropical regions to the northwestern shores of Europe and to those of the United Kingdom has been rudely shaken by the results of the deep sea explorations condacted during the last three years by Dr. Carpenter, F. 8. The hypotnests in question has always presente: to the public a certain character of inadequacy, and has recently been rendered almost luaicrous by the American proposal to divert equatorial water into the Pacific through @ Panama canal, and thus to leave Parone generally, and England more particu. res fel the cold” in @ very literal and uoplea- The hypothesis which so much excites the London editor is, however, not of American origin. It emanated first from the fertile brain of Sir John Herschel, one of the most saga- cious of English savans, and is reiterated in his published works. Herschel was the first English philosopher to demonstrate the pro- pulsive agency of the trade winds, in giving motion to the vast masses of equatorial sur- face water. He clearly pointed out that the northeast trade winds (blowing,from the Tropic of Cancer toward the Equator), and the southeast trades (blowing from the Tropic of Capricorn toward the Equator), incessantly at play, conspire to roll forward before them to the west the particles of water in the tropical seas just as the ball of the billiard player is rolled before the point of his baton. Thus he explained the formation of the great equatorial current, which, by unani- mous consent of geographers, ever rolls its billows toward the west, and out of whose flowing abundance the fountains of the Gulf Stream are fed. The English savant goes further in his hypothesis than did the American; for Herschel asserts that the Gulf Stream, by continually impinging on the east- ern coasts of Mexico and Central America, has excavated the basin of the Gulf, and that, in the lapse of ages, it must scoop out the isthmian barriers and burst over them into the Pacific. We have no desire to alarm or frighten our transatlantic brethren, nor to make them feel that they are entirely dependent upon the for- bearance of American engineers and capital- ists for their temperate seasons and their bounteous harvests. But, as the Zimes admits, ‘‘the data which Dr. Carpenter has obtained are not yet suffi- cient for the absolute settlement of the ques- tion, and his conclusions based upon them have been disputed.” Dr. Carpenter's labors go far to show that the equatorial water necessarily interchanges with the water of the Polar ocean, and, as we have before pointed out, his reasoning also powerfully sustains the theory of an oceanic circulation as systematic and beautiful as the circulation of the blood of the human heart. Dr. Carpenter says, aud says very truly, that he has by careful and protracted experi- ment established the fact for the Baltic Sound and for the Strait of Gibraltar, that the sur- face currents running into these Mediterra- neans are balanced by return submarine cur- rents, and then he reasons :-— The physical theory which accounts for the double current in the Strait of Gibraltar and the Baltic Sound would justify the prediction that a like surface iow and a reverse underflow must take piace in any ocean that 18 freely open between the Equator and the Pole. He reasons, therefore, that if the Gulf Stream were diverted through a canal or gap at the American Isthmus the squatorial water would not cease to interchange with Polar water, and hence the supply of heat and mois- ture for Great Britain would still be uafailing and perennial. In support of his position the learned ex- plorer even performs an ingenious experiment, Along, narrow glass trough, with glass sides, is filled with water, on which a piece of ice is placed at one end. At the other end a short metallic bar is so fixed that portion of its length isin contact with the surface of the water, while the remainder projects beyond the trough and is heated bya spirit lamp. The ends of the trough represent the polar and equatorial seas. At the polar end a deep red solution is placed on the surface of the water, and at the equatorial end a blue solu- tion Is carried to the bottom through a tube. The red coloring matter is seen to sink to the bottom of the trough and then to creep along toward the other end, gradually elevating and displacing the blue, which, in its turn, creeps over the surface to the ice and then descends to renew the same course, But this beautiful experiment establishes nothing more than that the surface water of the equatorial ocean, left to itself, naturally flows toward the Pole. If, as Herschel and almost all other physicists have maintained, the ceaseless trade winds propel the equatorial and tropical water to- ward the west and pile it up against the American shores, what supply of warm water could feed a current, logous to the surface current at Gibraltar, and sufficient to take the place of a diverted Gulf Stream? Benjamin Franklin, one of the most astute of practical observers, and no mean philosopher, conceived the idea that the Gulf Stream flowing through the Florida pass was to be explained by the heading up of the waters in the Gulf of Mexico, under the influence of the trade winds, and Franklin it was who originally suggested the theory of Herschel. The old philosopher has often been contradicted, but without good reason ; for, to this day, no reliable engineer has ever tested the sea level of the two oceans washing the shores of the American Isthmus, The most modern physical researches fur- nish no occasion or ground for doutit that if the thin wall that separates the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at Panama was removed or rent asunder the broad and mighty volume of the Atlantic equatorial current, which now finds an outlet through the Gulf Stream into the frozen ocean basin of the north, would be obedient to the ceaseless and steady impulse Of the wostwardly-blowing trade winds, and would roll through the nearer outlet at Pansma, to swell the volume of the Pacific equatorial current. As the rent at the isthmus became wider and deeper the volume of warm water reaching England would steadily and daily diminish, and, perhaps (should the event oc- cur at once), is it incredible that in the'life- time of some of us the temperature and sea- sons of Britain would undergo material change, and she would relapse into her normal, climatic condition ? The correlation of physical and politica forces furnishes the key to some of the most important and tremendous historic events. No power on the globe has been laid under greater debt to physical circumstances and! conditions than England. The perpetuation of these conditions is essential to the preser- vation of the industries, occupations, and even, in a measure, of the moral and social out- workings upon which her prosperity and re- nown depend. If the reasoning of Franklin and Herschel has anything at all in it the physical problem discussed so earnestly by the editor of the Times has a profound ime portance. We shall again advert to it, The Ability of France to Pay Her Debts. M. Thiers made a statement on the discas- sion of the loan bill in the National Assembly of France last Tuesday which shows that with all the overwhelming disasters the nation has suffered it is able to meet its obligations. The financial situation, he said, was difficult but not disastrous, ‘The publio debt of France just before the late war was about thirteen’ thousand millions of francs, or two thousand six hundred millions of dollars, The war in- demnity to Prussia amounts to a thousand mil- lions of dollars. This German war cost France six hundred millions of dollars, The deficit of the fiscal year 1870-71 was three hundred and twenty-six millions of dollars. Then comes the expenses incurred in suppress ing the insurrection in Paris, amounting to over eighty-five millions of dollars. The totaE of the liabilities of France can be hardly less than between four thousand millions and four thousand five hundred millions of dollars, which is a larger debt than that of Eng-. land and double the interest-bearing debt of the United States, This jg gn enormous weight to bear. But French finances aro wonderfully elastic, and the resources of the nation are extraordinary. Already, as M. Thiers announces, the Bank of France has’ advanced to the government two hundred and sixty-five millions of dollars to mect the defl- ciency of the fiscal year 1870-71. Capitalists everywhere in Europe are ready to aid the government with money, and itis said that even in Germany large offers are made for a French loan, The truth is France is the rich- est country in Europe in resources, thougt it may not have as much dapitalized wealth as England; and this fact is well known. Forty millions of such an industrious, economical, ingenious, artistic and inventive people, having a rich soil and numerous pro- ducts that cannot be found elsewhere, and that the world must have, ‘are equal to almost any financial pressure. If France should remain at peace a few years she will over- come her financial difficulties, great as they are, and be on the high road to prosperity again. Nor does this depend upon the nature of the government, though we think a repub- lic permanently established would do most to bring out the energies of the people. Those who have thought that this great nation has been hopelessly crushed are mistaken, and none know this better than the capitalists and financiers of Europe. The Republican Nominee for Governor of Ohio. The Ohio republicans yesterday nominated General Noyes for Governor on the first ballot, Ben Wade’s name being with- drawn as soon as it was presented, and there being no other nominee in the field. Senator Sherman made a speech at a ratificntion meeting in the evening, im which he accepted the democratic new de~ parture as an acquiescence of the enemy im the righteous policy and performances of the republican party; but he distrusted the will and ability of the new..departure democrats to carry out republican prin- ciples so wellas the republicans themselves have carried them out. General Noyes, the nominee, is not considered a very strong man, his principal qualification, apparently, being the loss of a leg in the war; but the sanguine party men express the utmost con- fidence in the success of the ticket, although they admit that Noyes may not be able to poll the full vote. Old Ben Wade insisted upom shelving himself, his heart being bent mainly upon enjoying the solaces of private life or securing the seat in the Senate that Sherman is expected to vacate in 1872. GmeRMANY AND THE Hoty Sxe.—The imperial government of Germany has com- plained to the Pope about the conduct of the Catholic party in the Reichsrath. We should have thought that the imperial government of Germany was quite able to take care of its own affairs with- out asking the intercession of the Pope. The complaint was probably made for the purpose of getting the Holy Father to discourage the opposition of the Roman Catholic members, of the Reichsrath, and, to judge from the reply of Cardinal Antonelli, who ‘‘disavows all sympathy with that party,” the object has been attained. This partly explains the fa- vors—very intangible favors, however—which the imperial government of Germany has rendered to the Holy See. Lovts BLANO AND THE REPUBLIC.—We pubs lish in another column of this morning's issue an interesting report from one of our corre- spondents at Versailles of an interview with Louis Blanc. The veteran politicim speaks calmly and earnestly, and regards the pros pects of the permanency of the republic as good. What he says respecting the difficulties in the way of a restoration ofthe monarchy will recommend it to every thinking mind, The Napoleons are not dead yet, and according to M. Blanc there is danger to be apprehended from them. M. Thiers, he believes, will be true, Marshal MacMahon honest, and any attempt by the National As- sembly to overthrow the republic he considera would bring about another civil war in which not only Paris but the whole of France would take party