The New York Herald Newspaper, June 21, 1871, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD BROADWAY AND ANN STREET, JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR, Volume XXXVI. AMUSEMENTS THIS AFTERNOJA AND EVENING, NIRLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Paut. CurrroRD; oF fur Lost Hera. GRAND OPERA HOUSE, corner of Sth ay. ana 23d st. — Tus Tuxre Hunonpaoxs. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery,-Ovre tur FALLs— ROLERT MACAIRE, ai ” NUK THEATRE, Twonty-fourth street. — OLYMPIC THEATRE, Broadway.—Tar = Camp STEALER. Matinee at 2. BOOTHS TAEATRE, 284 st, between bth and 6th avs.— THE MAN 0” AIK: WOOD'S Mi ances every a!t M, Broadway, corner 0th st.—Perform- on'and evening—THRRE BLIND MIOR, WALLACK’S THUATRE, Broadway and Ith strest.— Tuk Log Srmuir. ra GLOBE THEATR OF NECK AND NEC 8 Hroadway.--Tow GReat DkaMa atince at 2p MRS. F. B. CONWAY'S FARK THEATRE, Brooklyn,— Aounwen. CENTRAL PARK CARDEN.TuRopon? Tuomas’ Sum urn Nionrs’ Covozers. TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, No. 201 Bowery.— Gxir, Mat nee at 24. D KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 745 Broadway.— 03 NCE AND ART. TRIPLE SHEET, New York, Wednesday, June 21, 1871. CONTENTS OF TO-DAY'S EERALD, Pace. sie nee 4— Advertisements, 2—Advertisemenis, 3—Funera! of Va'landigham—Arrest of Policy Dealera—Beacon Park Trotting Meeting—The National Game—Arrest ot Harry Hill—Politie cal Intelligence—Local News—Muscellancous ‘Televrains, &c, 4—China’ Derarture of the United States Squad. ron for Jaan; Horrors of the Coolie Tratce— Japan: Prospects of ‘rouble in the Emptre; the Expedition to the Corea—The Kingdom of Siam—\W ards Monumental statue of Shaks- pe re—The Irving Bust—New Publications Received—Hoard ot Su:ervisors—Drowned in the Hudson—The Pecullar Hlague—Tne Papal Jubilee—rhe New State Capitol—attempt to Escape from Sing Sing—The Gass Homicide. S—West Poni: Close of the Examinauon of All the Classes. the Report the Board of Visitors and What It Be—Yacnting Notes—The Eleventh Street Horror—The Latest Style of Suiciae—Tue Lanahan Trial— Personal Notes—Foreign Personal Gossip— New Jersey News—Buialo Intervational Ex- hibition. lies tn Clouds, 6—Eiitoriais: Leading Article, Rai!road Corporations and the Public Issues It May Develop’— Amusement Announcemenis, 7—Editoriais (Continued from Sixth Page)—Per- sonal Inteliigeuce—The Situanon in France— The Papal Riots im Belginm—Miscellaneous ‘Telegrams —President Grant: His Views on the Questons of the Day—Amusemenis—wusi- ness Notices, S—Proceedings in the Courts—The Erie Rallway War—The Sanger Murderers’ Trial—fhe First Murder in Fulton County, N. Y.—Rapid Transit—New York Ku Klux Punishea— Chive Murder in San Francisco—A Preseut to the Pope—fne Indians—National Musical Congress—Bo.d Bank Kobbery—A Negro Wo- mao 8 Will—Marriages and Deaths, Reports—Domestic neous Items—Run- ning Notes, Personal and General\—A Slander- ous Schoo! Teacher—Adveruse ments. 10—News from Washington: Popular Edacavion; Norma: College compeution; - cises at Vassur College—The Tragedy—Great Ol Fire—Company D-Snip- ping Intelligence—Advertisements, “The Power of NEW YUKK HERALD. WEDNESDAY. JUNE ¥%1. 187].—TRIPLE Si! EET. The Power of ftallrond Corporations and the Pablic Issues It May Develop. Tho remarkable progress mado in the con- struction of railroads in this country, and the consolidation of railroad interests of late, lead people to inquire what is to follow—what will be the effect upon the republic in a political, material and social point of view? If the railroad corporations were to unite for any purpose, or if even afew men who control four, five or six of the principal lines were to do so, their power would b3 enormous, The State or municipal governments would be to them like clay in the hands of the potter, and aseasily moulded, Their power would rival that of the federal government, and would probably prove irresistible at Washington. And railroad progress and consoliditioa are tending rapidly to that state of things. In many of the States railroad interests are supreme. We have seen them to be so in New Jersey; they are so in Pennsy!vania; they were so toa great extent in this State under the old régime of the New York Cen- tral, and are still. Other States might bo mentioned which are more or less under rail- road influence; but the fact is so well known that it is unnecessary to refer to each State §1—Advertisements. 12—Advertisements. Tne Cotiision oN tHE New York Cen- YRAL, near Rochester, yeatsrday, resulted only in the serious injury of oae passenger and the slight injury of several. Tue Mississteri Steamvoxr Narcurz seems to be in a chronic state of racing “All bouts has their day on the Mississippi,” but she is urging hers forward rather inju- diciously. AynoTHER CoLorep Boy has been appointed ip at West Point. His name is Gee, and i o be hoped he will, in the lan- guage of the teamst-rs, ‘go Gee,” though he will have a hard road to travel. Ateck Srepnens, ia his salutatory as politi- eal editor of tue Atlanta Sun, takes the demo- cratic platform of 1868 as his erced, and re- gards any new depariure a3 dangerous. Here Mr. Stephens has made a departure from com- mon sevuse not in accordance with the pro- grees of things. Such pre-Adamiie notions are not popular in these go-shead days. As AN Evrpence of the strictness of Gene- val Sherman's military discipline we give the following extract from his orders relative to certain Indian captives at Fort Sill, Texas :— “The officers are not to let their prisoners be taken from them alive.” That is, they are to be shot by our officers before our officers are themselves massacred. Service on our Indian frontiers must be very interesting. Prrsipent Grant's Vizws.—We publish elsewhere a report of an interview at Long Branch between the President and one of our correspondents, in which the President ex- plains matters concerning the New Idria Com- pany claim ar e taxon the Central Rail- road, aud expresses his opinion concerning the desire of Cuief Justice Chase and General Hancock to ob.ain a nomination for the Presi- dency. The letter of our correspondent will be read with general i Tar Orv Caure of 1865 has een grappled f@udr paired. It wiillsooa be ready for use again, and it is an inte 5 question whether it will work as well a or not, It is of considerable importance to the scierce of cable tele, woether the con- tinued action of the elec eurcent upon the slender wire ev and whether a period of rest such as the broken cable has experienced serves to restore or to impair its ability to conduct the electric current. Tne Porr’s Reorrrion on the twenty-fifth unniversary of bis Pontificate was, according to our cable report, attended by deputations numbering as many as two thousand dele- gates and eight hundred ladies. A goodly number of people to see in one day, and yet we suppose, every one of them received a parting word or look from the Holy Father. His words to tbe foreign deputations show that be is greatly irritated at the conduct of the Italian government, The Pope espe- cially congratulated the representatives of France on the victory over ‘‘the dark powers,” meaning thereby the Commune, He furthermore expressed his gratification at the congratulatory despatch which he had re- ceived from the Queen of England. Our cable report makes but a passiig allusion to the plot to assassinate the Holy Father—a fact which makes us doubt that there has been envy euch plot at all, wears it out separately. Legislation for railways is gene- rally shaped according to the wishes of the railroad magnates or corporations, and with little regard to the interests of tho public. Though the State Legislatures and govern- ments are more immediately under this influ- ence, Congress is so, too, ina great measure, as far as ube power of that body over railway matters goes. This has beea seen in the stu- pendous land grants and subsidies made and in the privileges conceded to railroads. A great many of the members of Congress, as well as the members of State Lagislatures, are directly interested as directors or stock- holders, Then the vast wealth at the com- mané of railroad manazers can bo used effec- tively upon trading legislators, lobbyists and leading politicians, Besides, the political in- fluence of great railroad corporations is eagerly sought by public men. We see, there- fore, what a vast power tho railroad magnates exercise already, and the still greater power they can use whenever they wish or combine for such a purpose. One of the latest developments in railroad combination is seen in the purchase or incor- poration of the New Jersey roads by the Pennsylvania Central. The works of the united companies of New Jersey, which have been turned over, or leased for nine huadred and ninety-nine yesrs, to the Pennsylvania Central, are the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company, the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, the Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad Company, and the Dela- ware and Raritan Canal Company. The lines connected with these by lease, which also co to the Pennsylvania Central, cover nearly all the southern part of New Jersey. In fact, it may be said that that State is turned over to the neighboring State and the great corporation that rules them. We talk of consolidation in federal governmental matters, but this material and political consolidaiion ex- ceeds anything attempted by the gov- ernment = at Wasbington. The lines owned and leased, and chiefly owned, by the Pennsylvania Central Company at the close of last year were a _iitile over six hundred miles in length. In addition to these and those in New Jersey ihe com- pany has leased, directly or indirectly, about two thousand miles of railroads, principally in the West, and extending to Chicago, Cincin- nati, St. Louis, and to most of the chief points in that section. It will thus be seen how this giant corporation is aiming to grasp the trade of the Pacific Railroad, as well as that by all the avenues possible to and with New York. The power of J. Edgar Thomson and Thomas A. Scott, the two magnates of all this railroad combination over the material interests of the country, and over the politics, if they choose, is greater perhaps than that of the President of the United States. Similar efforts are made by other great rail- road corporations or chiefs to seize all the other loc:land through lines connecting the West with the Atlantic seaboard and the gates of commerce. Vanderbilt, with his New York Central, Hudson River and Harlem Rail- roads and their connections; Gould and Fisk, with the Erie and its ramifications, and Gar- rett and his associates, with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and its branches and con- necting lines, are working to the same end. It is unnecessary to go into the details of what they are doing, for these are pretty well known, and the above statement with regard to the Pennsylvania Central Company is illustrative of the action of all. Some half dozen men really control many thousands of miles of the principal rail- roads in the country, hundreds of millions of capital, a vast army of employs, and, in a great measure, the material interests of the largest part of the population of the United States. Nothing like it is seen in other conn- tries, It is only on a great continent like this where euch a state of things could exist. In most of the countries of Europe the railroads are under government control or supervision, and although it is not so in England there are no euch gigantic corporations and com- binations in that country as in this. The day of mighty railroad kings has gone by there. But we only see, probably, the beginning of this stupendous power in our country. No people appreciate the value of railroads more than Americans; to none are they more necessary; acd nowhere have they done so much in developing the resources and wealth ofa country. ‘hey are the greatest promoter and blessing of our modern civilization, not excepting that other mighty agent of progress, the magnetic telegraph; for they literally make the wilderness blossom as a rose and stimulate industry and im- provements in every direction, Hence we are in favor of giving all the encouragement possible and that can be legitimately given to railroad enterprises; but the interests of the people when they conflict with those of corpo- rations must be looked after, and it is neces- sary to watch the growth of this gigantic power, which controls State legislation and to agreat extent the federal government, and which may prove dangerous to the public, The railroad magnates have the power to tax the whole community indirectly to an extent that the federal government has not. For example, they can, and do in some instances, double their stock, or even water it, to uso. a | The New York Yacht familiar expression, more than that, To pay dividends on this inflated stock and to pile up colossal fortunes for a few men the people are made to pay increased fares for travelling and augmented freights on every article of produce and merchandise they use, Every man, woman or child is thus taxed far beyond what 8 fair income on the actual cost and run- ning expenses of railroads call for, and there is no escape from this kind of burdensome taxation except through the very Legislatures which are mostly con- trolled by the railroad corporations. The people are compelled to use the railroads, how- éver exacting the charges may be. Tho only remedy for this evil—and it is one that is growing daily—must be found in the federal government, The railroads are the arteries of commerce between the several States, just as our great rivers are, and it is compotent for the government under the express provisions of the constitution to regulate this commerce. Sooner or later the government will have to control, directly or indirectly, railroxd cor- porations and their business, Out of the conflict that is coming on this question the railroad corporations will pro- bably assume a more decided political charac- ter than they have heretofore assumed. They have not yet generally taken sides with one political party or another on purely politicel questions, except only so far as their own par- ticular material interests have been involved. But whenever the issue comes—whenever a movement shall be made to regulate their operations by government, they will fight as desperately, no doubt, as the old Unites States Bank did when Jackson touched it. In that event they will, probably, becoms allies of the Siates’ rights politicians, It would be their 7d/e naturally to oppose the exercise of power by the federal government, and to fall back upon the authority of the separate States in all matters of railroad legislation. Considering their immense and growing power this may become at no remote day a most ex- citing and stabboraly fought issue. The old States’ rights party found its strenzth in the institution of slavery. It would be a curious turn in the political wheel to see a new States’ rights party based upon the privileges and interests of the powerful railroad corpora- tions—to see ihe federal consolidationists arrayed on the side of ths people as against vast monopolists and great capitalists, and these monopolists trying to save their power and privileges by holding to the democratic States’ rights doctrine. Yet we think it must come to that, unless the railroads can control the goverom:nt go far as to prevent the issue being made. Corporations, it has been said, have no souls, and the railroad companies are not likely to stop inflating their stock, corsoli- dating their power and grinding all they can out of the people. As this cannot go on for- ever, the time must come when an issue will be made, and then will be seen, probably, new political developments and another de- parture for political parties. Connolly Inquest—Rum the Devil That Did In The ivquest upon the bodies of Dr. Con- nolly and his two children has ended with a verdict of murder and suicide while insane. The testimony shows beyond question that Dr. Connolly had been a drinker, and that the insanity that caused him to take the The life of his two children and of himself 4 if their favorite theories work well when put was the result of drink. The devil of rum, in all its long list of atrocities and horrors, has no more terrible deed to answer for. Yet it does not seem that Dr. Connolly was one of those steady rum drinkers who befog their brains continuously with liquor. It would appear rather that he was a man who, liking his social glass and convivial company, could still keep his eye and brain clear, and, if the resolution seized him, refrain for long periods from the touch or taste of the devil that overmatched him at last. He could, in short, trifle and toy with the dangerous cup. He was a physician of no mean eminence, in a well-to-do portion of the city, and no besotted drunkard could be that for the length of time he was. It would ap- pear, then, that he was one of those drinkers who, touching liquor moderately at all times, ventured at Intervals upon a ‘‘spree”—one of those maddening whirls of dissipation that last sometimes few days and sometimes a week or two—in which the soul that has been restraining its passion for so long a time gives up everything to the craving for drink and ends with the aching body, unmanageable nerves and bewildered brain that attend the few excitable, feverish days of “tapering off.” It is in these days that the devil of madness seizes the ‘‘moderate” drinker, and from all appearances it was under these circumstances that the devil of mad- Club and Other Regattas—A Brilliant Sight To-Morrow. Should wind and weather be favorable the regatta of the New York Yacht Club to-mor- row promises to be a most exciting and bril- liant affair, Up to last evening the following yachts had been entered:—For the regatta prizes :—Schooners Sappho, Tidal Wave, Eva, Madeleine, Idler, Foam, Sunshine, Rambler, Alice, Palmer, Wanderer, Alarm, Columbia, Magic, Dauntless, Tarolinta, Fleetwing and Halcyon; sloops Breeze, Ariadoe, Gracie, Addie and Vixen. For the challenge cups— Schooners Tidal Wave, Eva, Madeleine, Wan- derer, Alarm, Columbia, Alice, Idler, Foam, Sunshine, Magic, Tarolinta, Rambler, Fleet- wing, Palmer, Sappho and Halcyon; sloops Breeze,Gracie, Ariadne, Addie and Vixen, For the subscription cups—Schooners Madeleine, Idler, Wanderer, Columbia, Foam, Sunshine, Magic, Dauntless, Tarolinta, Sappho, Rambler, Alice, Fleetwing, Halcyon and Palmer; sloops Kaiser Wilhelm I., Gracie, Peerless, Coming, Ariadae, Addie, Vixen and Brecz>, Wita all the prizes offered, and when it is considered that there is a chance for one yacht to carry off three of them, we may expect to see not | only good sailing but adm’rable maiazement. The scene on the bay wiil, doubtless, b very fine; for great interest has been excited to wil- ness the performance of so many fine yacits, especially as there are some new on2s amoiz the number whose powers ara to be tested for the first time. The harbor will be alive with | vessels of all descriptions, bearing those who go to see the contest between our pleasure craft; for yachting has now become a national pas- time, and yacht races are desiined to become as popular in this couatry as they are in Eng- land. To-morrow is our marine Derby Day, wherein more yachts will start than did last year for the Queen’s Cup, and the number present to witness the sport will be scarcely less than was present to witness the interna- tional regatta of last season. The race for the Wallack cup, which occurs on the 24th, will be also a very pleasant and exciting trial of speed. The turning point being off Long Branch it will afford those who sre sojourning at that fashioaable water- ing place a fine opporiunity of witness- ing the performance of some of our finest schooners; for already the Madeleine, Wanderer, Columbia, Dauntless, Tidal Wave and Rambler have entered, and the probabili- ties are that the number will be considerably increased before the entries are closed. Following the contest of Saturday comes the regatta of the Brooklyn Yacht Club on the 27th inst. This will also be an important affair, for a number of prize3 are offzred to all yachts belonging to any organized yacht club of the United States. The enterprising and energetic officers of the Brooklya Yucat Club are evidently doing their share toward ren- dering this season a most exciting and suc- cessful one, and we can only wish them all the wind necessary to make their coming rezatia equal to their expectations. The next seven days will have an important bearing upon yachting matters, and it remains to be seen if the yachts which have established reputatio is for great spzed will be enabled to maintain it, or if they will have to give way to those of later model and consiruction. The interested in yachts and yachting, and who are advocates of different plans upon which yachts should be built, are anxiously waiting the re- sult of the coming races in order to discover to a prac&cal test. Their agony will soon be at an end, however, for no doubt before the season is over weather will be experienced that will fully determine the qualifications of all the vessels of the fleet. The Cap2 May regatta, on the Fourth of July next, now occupies a great share of the atten- tion of those interested in yachtiog affairs. The prizes are valuable; hat, apart from this, the number of yachts that will be present, the brilliant reception that will be given to the visiting vessels, the great gatheving of people to witness it, and the festivities that are sure to attend an affair of this kind, will make it one of the brightest spots of the season, Every effort is being made by those having the matter in charge to render it one of the most attractive regattas of the year, and Philadel- phians, although bard to move at first, when they are once fairly started never do things by halves. Hence those yacht clubs that have arranged to accept the invitations given will be sure of passing a short period at Cape May in a manner that will long be remembered. All that will be wanted is wind enough and fine weather. If the days on which the re- gattas take place only furnish those two essen- tial wants the other requirements will all be 02 hand, and we shall be sure of an inaugura- tion of the yachting season of 1871 that no one can complain of. Referring again to the regatta of to- ness seiz-d Dr. Connolly. Is there no remedy | morrow, ample provision has been made for these terrible deeds? Is there nothing | for the race to be seen to every advan- upon our statute books that requires the police | tage. The committee having the regatta in to lock up voluntary madmen? Is there no| charge have arranged all matters connected law to restrain these “sprees” that lead to | therewith in a satisfactory manner. The num- madness and murder? There are laws | ber of yachts to start will be large, and we euough, and they should be enforced, have no doubt they will be off on time, and we can ouly add that those who are desirous of witnessing the race from the start to the close WaLt Sreeer Aerrations.—The specula- tive fraternity are getting ready for their nsual summer rustication, and hence, as they like to leave town without the mental worry of too much ioterest in the fickle values of the stock market, Wall street shows the usual prelimi- nary signs of a disgorgement of speculative stocks. One fancy affair—‘‘in the coal line,” as Mrs. Micawber would say—showed the withdrawal of this kind of support quite con- spicuously by dropping suddenly a good ten percent, On the other hand, another favorite among the speculators was pushed up several per cent in order to get a good point to drop from. It is very natural every man should try to get the highest price he can for his com- modities, whatever they may be, especially as the approach of bot weather suggests the gathering of profits and their enjoyment in the country or at the seaside. Tue Drake Famity, who claim to be the descendants and heirs of Sir Francis Drake, had better be on hand at the hour appointed. We trust that everything may pass off satis- factorily, and that there may be no drawback whatever to the commencement of the yacht- ing season of 1871. The International—The Widespread Com. mune and Its Purposes. Our telegraphic columns this morning are full of interesting matter rezarding the Com- mune, or International, as it is likely hence- forward to be named. It is reported that the International Society is more active than ever. It is busy in Paris, we are teld, distributing electoral manifestoes; and there are many who think that, so far as Paris is concerned, it will be successful in carrying not a few of the vacant seats in the Assembly at the forth- coming supplementary elections. It is even said that another uprising of the reds in Paris is seriously apprehended. What gives color and thereby to inherit $125,000,000 of pro- | tothe opinion that danger is feared in Paris perty, principally in England, had a reunion | and possibly in the other large cities is that in this city yesterday, which, however, was | instructions have been issued from Berlin to not satisfactory. The Secrotary gave a his- | stop the return of the German troops from tory of the family, on which he had exponded | France, and to discontinue for the present the money, time and labor, but in it he failed to | surrender of French prisoners, If this last connect the claimants with Sir Francis at all, | report is well founded it certainly means that end, therefore, failed to make his story as | the Versailles government is in terror, and interesting as it might have been, that Prince Bismarck, in issuing the above ia- structions, is actin,” in harmony with ti9 Wishes of Presidont Thiers, We have no fear ‘at the International can do further harm. Bu‘ knowing, as we now do, its programme, and having had some experience of its doings, we think it well that President Thiers and Prince Bismarck should give it no more chances. France cannot yet be left to herself, and French soldiers who sympathize with the Commune are safer in Germany. Summer Garden Concerts and Their In- fluence. The partiality of the New York public for music of a high order, and tue liberal patron- age they are always willing to bestow on en- tertainments of this kind, cannot be shown to @ more satisfactory degree than at the concerts of Theodore Thomas at Contral Park Gardea this summer. This beautiful summer resort is fairly crowded every evening, and the audi- ence is invariably of the same standard of fashion and elegance as one would expect to meet only at the opera, A modiste might pass an hour there profitubiy watching the rich and varied toilets of the ladies; a fiuancier or railroad speculator will encounter at every | step some Wall stroct magnate; the lover of sporting can “interview” the chief representa- tives of that species of recreation; and the mus'cian may revel in the works of the old and new composers, interpreted by the best and most complete orchestra in America. There is an air of refiaemont about the audi- ence which alone is sufficient to exclude all objectionable characters, and the music is listened to with attention and delight— a proof of the appreciation of the public. Formerly summer concerts were looked upon with suspicion, as being allied with rowdyism and drunkenness, on account of the disreputable class of people that attended the gardens in which they were given: Mr, Thomas has effected a complete revolution in this respect, and has made his concerts fashionable and select in every sense of tae word. This revolution has extended even to Terrace Garden on the east side, where M. Jullien gives his tri-weekly soirées, and order and refinement provail there as wellas with its aristocratic neighbor at the Park gate. The New York public will, therefore, patroaizs Vberally a first class musical enterlainment and capable manager. The Italian opera season at the Academy of Music in the fall cannot fail to be a - reat success if the management will only deal properiy with the public. We will nolo ger submit to second or third rate artists nor suffer European mana- gers to keep the best. The public have been trained for some seasons past to appreciate good music, and Thomas has done more to produce this happy result than the rest of our musicians put together. Such disgraceful affairs as the Italian opera seasons of the past few years will not be tolerated again. A company that can boast of a Nils- son, a Cary and a Brignoli should have a chorus like that of the Arion or Liederkranz society and an orchestra like Thomas’ superb band. There will be quite a struggle between the musical managers in the fall, as there are so many of them in the field. Rullman has the Lady Orchestra from Vienna, Mme. Parepa Rosa leads an English opera troup», Dolby bas a quartet of the best singers in England, and many of our own artists propose entering the lists with companies of their own. The ne- cessity of making the Nilsson opera season at the Academy first class in all its numerous de- tails must, then, bo as obvious to the manage- ment as it is to the public, There is no city in the world where good music will receive more encouragement than here, and no pre- tence of » want of means, scarcity of mate- rials or lack of public appreciation will excuse any shortcomin .s on the part of the manace- ment of the forthcoming season of Italian opera at the Academy. The Viaduct Railway Southera Terminus. All things considered, we think the adop- tion by the Viaduct Railway Company of Chambers street, at the City Hall Park, as the southern terminus of the road, is the best that could b: adopted. It is the nearest point that could be conveniently chosen to the very centre of the busy portion of the town. The terminus at the Battery would require the extension of the road to that point down Broadway, and we want no obstructions on Broadway. Within a year or two we hope our new Post Office will be put into operation, and as by that time the Viaduct road ought to be opened to Harlem river the southern terminus at Chambers street will then prove itself to be the very thing. In the next place, with the completion of the Brooklyn bridge, and the extension of the Viaduct road across the river, there will be no necessity for a ter- minus at the Battery. Let us have this central Viaduct road built and In operation as soon as possible from Chambers street to Westchester, and then we can tell what next to do in order to facilitate incomers to and outgoers from this lower end of the island. We think that, with the open- ing of General McClellan's broad avenues around the water fronts of the city, we mut have a belt viaduct road, because we can’t do without it, but for the present let us have a beginning with this central road from Cham- bers street. This is our immediate necessity, and so important do we consider it that, if the road will cost ten or even twenty per cent more to get it into operation in two years than it will cost if the construction is extended to five years, we think it will pay all concerned to finish itin two years. Let the company go ahead, impelled by the Pacific Railway idea that time is money, and push through the work. Of all things to be avoided by the company let them avoid the never ending, but still beginning, job of our new Court House in the building of tris Viaduct road. It might be built in a year; it ought to be built within two years from this date. No Arbitrator under the Washington Treaty has yet been appointed by the President, be- cause he waits the action of the other Powers upon the treaty. He must know first that we have a treaty before he makes appointments under it, Tur Attasta New Hra says of the demo- cratic situation that ‘‘it is Toombe’ live thun- der and barning ether on one hand, or John Quincy Adams and the Ohio departure on the other.” Betweon the two somebody is likely to got squecsed, ne center a seseneeenrensnnnssarennsuisihmesit? Captain Halls Polar Expcdition—Iis Dittd culties and Its Probabilities, Within the next ton days Captain Hall, ia she stanch little steamer Polaris, expressly and c,"efully prepared and equipped in every way for cawvaigning among the frozen sead and icebergs b°VOnd the Arctic circle, will leave this port, via Newfoundland, Davis’ Strait and Baffin’s Bay, iv search of tho North Pole. The records of the various explora.’ tions—English, Dutch, Russisa and Ameri- can—in those Northern seas sfoce the dis- covery of this Continent, chiefly in search of a northwest passage, are so full of the difficul- ties, hardships, sufferings and dangers to be encountered, and so full, witbal, of futal dis- asters, that notwithstanding the Arctic experi- ence of Captain Hall, bis perfect knowledge of the requirements of a polar expedition and his complete equipment for this adventure, it is possible that neither he, nor, any of his ship's crew, nor his ship may ever return to tell the, story of their trials and their crowning mis-' fortunes. We think it highly probable, how- ever, not only that the Polaris will return “all right,” but that she will return with the glori- ous victory for American enterprise of an actual visit to the North Pole, But the longest day of our summer is here, and one would think that Captain Hall ought now to be at the head of Baffin’s Bay instead of being still in the port of New York. By the Baffin’s Bay route from this city it can hardly be over three thousand five hundred miles to the North Pole, and if the Polaris were now at Upernavik she might, perhaps, run through to the Pole and get back to soma Greenland winter station before she would be closed in by the ice, But the difficulty im Davis’ Strait just now is the mass of ice and the icebergs drifting down in the Arctic current from the Pole. The strait will hardly be cleared of this drift ice sufficiently for a northern passage against the sea current till, perhaps, the middie of July, and Upernavik or Disco Island may be as far as the Polaris will be able to advance this summer. Indeed, it ap- pears to be the purpose of Captain Hall to winter at Disco Istand. And here, we think, in following this old beaten route of Davis’ Strait and Baffia’s Bay, upon which there have been so many failures and so many disasters, Captain Hall makes a great mistake, The movements of the great ocean currents to and from the North Pole should have guided him in the selection of his route. What are these currents? They are, first, the great Atlantic equatorial current, or Gulf Stream, which from the Capes of Florids, in a northeasterly course, sweeps over the Atlantic to the British islands and thence up into the basin of the Pole by way of the Spitzbergen islands, Next, there is the great Pacific equatorial current, known as the Japan Stream, which, from the islands of Japan, sweeps in a northeasterly course across the Pacific to Behring Strait, where the current is divided, one branch passing up into the polar basin through that strait and the other sweeping down by the coast of Alaska, British Columbia and Oregon, giving those regions their soft winter climate. In addition to these two great ocean currents drifting into the polar basin it receives an immense supply of water from those great rivera of Asia—the Yencisi, the Lena and the Obi—and from the Mackenzie river of America and others flowing into the Arctic Ocean. Now, as there is very little evaporation from the polar basin, those immense volumes of water flowing into it must have an outlet somewhere, unless Captain Symmes was right in his theory that the earth is a hollow shell, open at botb ends, into the interlor of which a ship may sail by entering the hole at the North or the South Pole. But, having no faith in ‘Symmes’ Hole,” we must have an outlet for the vast currents of water discharged into the polar basin; and we have it in the heavy Arctic current which, from that basin, comes down Baffla’s Bay and Davis’ Strait, bringing with it its squadrons of icebergs into the main Atlantic. It is against this heavy Arctic current that Captain Hall proposes to reach the North Pole, instead of taking the route of either of those ocean currents which would help him to his destination and perhaps give him an open sea nearly all the way. Explorers by the Baffln’s Bay route, in attempting to move northward over the frozen sea on sledges, have discovered that the whole illimitable field of ice over which they were travelling moved southward faster taan they could move northward over the ice. Here, then, is the great difficulty to Captain Hall, by this route, after leaving his steamer for his sledges and portable boats. There is, no doubt, an open sea around the Pole, resulting from the vast bodies of com- paratively warm water carried into that basin. This open sea can hardly be considered a mere theory, inasmuch as, from the broad, encir- cling fringe of icebound waters this side, Dr. Kane and Captain Hayes, north latititude 8 85, saw it, a sea of sparkling open water as far as the eye could reach. It may be said, however, that as Captain Hall, from experi- ence, knows all about this Baffin’s Bay route, he knows that with his steamer, his sledges, and his boats, he can find a way to the open sea around the Pole, and is morally certain of: reaching the Pole itself. We have great faith, in bis experience and his enthusiasm, and, in- the face of all the difficulties before him, grea hopes of his succe Steumbont Racing. The Mississippi steamboats have attained a most unenviable reputation in many respects—+ carelessness on the part of the engineers, reck-, lessness of the captains and plentiful lack of caution on both sides. The consequences of this in too many instancos are direful catas- trophes which appear in the newspapers under headings annonncing ‘Another Dreadful Acci- dent on the Mississippi River,” or ‘Another Terrible Explosion of a Mississippi Steam- boat.” The loss of life attending these disasters is fearful to think over. Steamboat captains as a rulo dislike being beaten by rival steamers, and if they see a boat ahend of them they like to ‘go for her,” even though they have to put on a press of steam which respect for the lives of their passengers would not warrant them in doing. We learn that this Mississippi practice has of late been inaugurated on some of the rival lines of steamboats running from this city to places on the North aud Kast rivers, There is danger attending it, aud we hope that this timely