The New York Herald Newspaper, May 26, 1871, Page 6

_——_ NEW YORK HERALD |™_ testes tn Partemtus Commune BROADWAY AND ANN STREET. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR, All business or news letter and telegraphic despatches must be addressed New York Hegarp. Letters and packages should be properly AMUSEMENTS | THIS EVENING, NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Kit, THE ARKANBAI Ls way. sas GRAND OPERA HOUSE, corner of 8th av. ana $84 st.— ‘Tas Tarer HunousscKs. LINA EDWIN's THEATRE. 720 Broadway.—Comupr Or Rank. BOWERY THEATRE, Beormer Bi. anv ME. FIFTH AVENUE THRATRE, Twenty-fourth atreet,— Maxatep ror Nonzy—IF l'p 4 THOUSAND A YEAR, Bowery.—Jaok SHEPPARD— GLOBE THEATRE, 728 Broadwav.—Vartnty ENTRE- ‘TAINMENT, AC.--TUL TEMPTER FOULED, OLYMPIC THEATRE, Broadway.— Ree pretranee way.—NEw VERSION oF BOOTH’S THEATRE, 334 at, ootween Gin anc = A Wrxren's TALE. att WOUD'S MUSEUM Broadway, corner 30h st.—Perform: ‘ances every afternoon ana evening,—HELP. WALLACK’S THEATRE, road i PLAYING With FIER. wD EN Se Re ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fi —_ 6 co ES ‘oarteenth street.—ITALIAN NEW YORK STADT THEATRE, No. Genuan OrrRa—PRINoE EvGEN. 4% Bowery. — CENTRAL PARK GARI —TaBon ° SumuEn Nicurs' Conorets. ORE, TEER TERRACE GARDEN, Fift; eight street _ @eanp Gata Conorsr. 7 Coat aN MRS. F. B. CONWAY'S P. — nent. 7,800 ‘ARK THEATRE, Brooklyn. BROUKLYN ACADEMY OF MUSIC, street — Satsuma's Roya Jars. TNO) einase . BRYANT’S NEW OPERA HOUSE, 384 st, between ana 7th avn—Naano MineTRELer kon” ba THEATRE COMIQUE, 514 Bro: e 386, NEGRO aomscae” res a TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, wery.—Va- RIETY ENTERTAINMENT. nT ah ceaeaiala NEWCOMB & ARLINGTON'S MINSTRELS, St. and Broadway.—NEGRO MINSTRELSY, im or IRVING HALL, Irving place.—MOVING PANORAMA OP tux PRANCO-GRRMANIO Wak. DR. KAHN’S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, es ScumNck AND aut. as TRI ene CONTENTS Pace. 1—Advertisements. 2—Advertisements. S—Prize Fight Between Billy Edwards and Tim Coilins—The National Game—The Weather Report—Franco-American Institute—Backer, the Murderer—The Newark Turnpike Mur- rg Presentation — Obituary — Local 4—Bergerev’s Bosh: A Commane Commander's Communication tos HERALD Commissioner— Delesctuze : Interview with the Last Dictator of the Communc—American Registers tor Foreign Built Vesseis—Fo Personal Gossip—Personal Notes—The Making Power: Has the House of Representatives Any Share of lt?—The E: ‘ation Commis- sion—The Adams’ Express Robbery—-Running Notes, Pclitical and General—The Present a of Mexico—Tied, Gagged and 100) S=Tne Avenue A Homicide: McNevins Found Guilty in the First Degree—The Fatal rene- ment House Quarrel—Tne Hartmann Homi- cide—War in Central Park—Department of Docks—What it Costs to Run the Brooklyn Fire Department — Proceedings in the Coarts— 4 New Car brake—Labor Union Meeting— The Code Amendment: A Republican Mem- ber of the Legislature on the Situation. G—Evjitoriais: Leaaing Article, “Tne Situation tm Paris—ihe Commune Killed—Versailles Tri- umphant—W hat of the Future ?’’"—Amusement Announcements, ‘7—Editurials (Vontinued from Sixth Page)—Paris: ‘The Versuillists in Complete Possession of the City—Germany: Prince Bismarck Threatens to Resign—Central aud South America: HERALD OF Td-DAYS HERALD. Special Reports from All the Republics— Mexico: The Rebels, Under General Rocha, Before Tampico—HERALD Special Reports trom Jamaica, W. 1.—Miscellaneous rele. Le see News—Views of the Past—Business 10es, 8—Point breeze Park, Philadelphia : Second Day of the Spring Irotttng Meecting—Racing in St. Louis, Indiana and Canada—Yachting: The Harlem Yacht Club's Sweepstake Race—Mili- tary Chit-cha:—The Nicaragua Canal Project— Lecture by Julia Ward Howe—The Methodist Book Concern Troubles—Are Poittics Played Out—The Viaduct Railroad—Produce Ex- change—The Long Island Woods Ablaze—New York City News—Music and the Drama—Out- lawry in Missouri. ®—The insurance Congress: The Second Day's Pro- veeaings—Financial and Commercial Reports— : Hamzestic Markets—Coal Land Speculation of P ane ie; Company—The Hay Crop Des' | —The ston, Hartford and Erie Railroad—Marniages and Deaths—Adver- tisements. ‘go—News from Washington—Religious Intelll- gence—Local News—Shipping Invelligence— Advertisements. ‘41—Advertisemen 2— Advertisements. Two Women in Kansas have gone as part- mers into the law business, They propose to be sisters-in-law, A Smart Marern.—Gold ranged yesterday from 111} to 111}—a small margin for a “big spec” on little investments. In Jamarca grand juries have been fabolished, and the Legislature is considering p dill giving aliens the same property rights jas are possessed by British subjects. We sup- e that the object of this bill is to induce coed to settle on the island and cultivate the large area of land which is unemployed. Tar Sgoret or THE Lone Strvecie oF far Paris Commune ie explained in the report that it had nearly two hundred thou- and men under arms, of which force fifty Qhousand were pretty good soldiers. Then, at the beginning, they had to be driven out of @ line of regular forts, then from earthworks and the Paris wall, which is itself a fortifica- lon, and then from their numerous and strong icades. Marshal MacMahon, however, bas, with about eighty thousand men, proved equal to all these difficulties, and in this strag- gle for law and order has won hia brightest Jeurels as the greatest living soldier of France. AN Ixrerview with Brrcrret.—We pub- fish io another part of the Henan this morn- fog the particulars of an interview between one of our Paris correspondents and General Bergeret, one of the most prominent military leaders of the Commune. Bergeret is as radi- calin speech as he is im action. Quiet and unreserved, oper, and if not elegant in speech, he is at least forcible. He does not believe in & God or a hereafter, and even goes so far as to say that if there was such a place as heaven and such a being as God, and he found himself in heaven, the first thing he would undertake to do would be to conspire against God, erect barricades and hoist the red flag in Paradise. Ou other subjects this man was equally out- spoken and radical. Yet Bergeret and men of kis stamp were the fellows who aimed to give France the wost liberal government she ever enjoyed. Killed—Versailles Triumphast—What ef the Futaret According to special cable despatches to the New Yorx Hexrarp and other telegraphic intelligence the situation in Paris seems to be very much what we reported yesterday. It was our opinion yesterday that fuller news details might prove that things were not quite so bad as they seemed. We now know for certain that the Louvre has been saved. General Vinoy, according to a despatch to the London Daily News, has, with his troops, occupied the Hotel de Ville, and President Thiers, in a circular issued for the information of the provinces, emphatically states, ‘‘We are masters of Paris, except a small portion, which will be occupied to-day. The Louvre has been saved.” It is no longer, however, possible to doubt that the grand Palace of the Tuileries—a palace which the world for the last hundred years has been accustomed to regard as the headquarters of the French government, whether monarchical, consular or imperial—is, with all its wealth and interesting historical memorials, gone. In the circular from which we have just quoted President Thiers says:—‘‘The Hotel of the Minister of France has been partially burned, and the Tuileries and the Palais du Quai d’Orsay (in which the Council of State has been in the habit of holding its sessions) are wholly destroyed.” This, certainly, isbad enough; but it is not so bad as rumor had it. One report, which we print this morning, has it that Archbishop Darboy and other promi- nent Parisians who have been held by the Commune as hostages in the prison of Mazas, have been shot. Another report has it that while the most gloomy apprehensions are entertained regarding the Mazas prisoners, nothing certain is known as to their fate. In the British House of Commons Mr. Gladstone opposed a vote of sympathy with France on the ground that the government had no reason as yet to believe that the reports were not greatly exaggerated. Meanwhile we are left no room to doubt that the Commune is killed. It is possible that the reports are, regarding certain particulars, exaggerated. We shall be glad to know that they are exaggerated. It will be a source of pleasure to us to know that the Tuileries are not completely destroyed; that the Arch- bishop of Paris and his unhappy companions are still alive, and that generally the situation is not so bad as at first described. We shall rejoice if it turns out to be true thai the Communists are not the brutes and firebrands, the men of the gutter and the garret, which we have been taught to believe they are; and there are many besides ourselves who will be glad to retract hard words if the evidence shows that the burning of the public build- ings has been the result of the shells of the Versaillists rather than of the wilful and wicked incendiarism of the Paris reds. We would not blame without reason; we would not load the innocent with abuse; but we must be allowed to say that, whatever be the guilt or innocence of the Communists in these last horrid scenes, they have already done enough to shut themselves out from our sym- pathy and respect. They, and they alone, are to blame for the agony of the last three months. The blood of Thomas and Lecomte is on their heads, and the blood of how many more! Their treatment of the Archbishop of Paris, their invasion and spoliation of churches and convents, their destruction of the Vendéme Colamn and nomerous other acts of Vandalism have convinced us that the spirit of the Commune is radically and essentially bad. If they are not so bad as recent reports have made them seem to be they are at least so bad that their fall is felt to be a relief by Paris, by France, by Europe, by the world at large. Lord Macaulay, in one of the most eloquent passages of his ‘‘History of England,” questions the wisdom of Gibbon when he says that modern intelligence bas made barbarian inroads upon civilized centres impossible. Macaulay's reason for doubting the wisdom of his great predecessor and brother historian was that Gibbon did not foresee that our modern great cities might give birth to a worse species of barbarism than ever issued from northern wilds. The Paris Commune has justified Macaulay's judgment. If they have not burned Paris we cannot give them credit for not having the will. The Commune in all that it has done has given us a bad illustration of our modern civilization. The Commune killed, as we now believe it is, checks our despair and bids us hope on and still believe. Once more in.a bad centre right has won; once more goodness has prevailed. The Versailles government triumphant raises the question, What of the future? Will Paris ever again be the pride and glory of France? Is it or is it not to be the future capital? We know the weakness of French- men for Paris. It has a0 long been the eye of the civilized world, the brilliant and intelli- gent centre of social life, of literature and art, that, much as It has sinned, it will, like a pet child, be readily forgiven and easily restored to favor. If the French people are wise; if they have learned as they ought to have learned in the school of misfortune, they will never again allow the national government to be at the mercy of the Paris mob. How they may act we know not, How they ought to act wo have indicated. If the first great Revo- lution had dethroned Paris it is our convic- tion that its fruit would have remained asa blessing. As it is, ite fruit has remained as a curse. Paris has been France from that date until now; and France, in consequence, has been at the mercy of the Paris mob. It was Paris that made all the horrors of the Reign of Terrér. It was Paris that gave power to the First Napoleon. It was Paris that gave power to the Second Napoleon. Paris is to blame for all the shame and sorrow which France has endured since Sedan. Paris to-day justifies our own Jefferson's hard saying that great cities are ulcers on the body politic. Let the French people follow our example and the example of the New Do- minion aod seek for its future capital some quiet retreat where no mob will intimidate. We have already, on several occasions re- cently, discussed the chances of the various political parties. M. Thiers, so far as appear- ances go, is still the trasted chief of the French nation and people. I[t is not impossi- ble, however, that in a few days more MacMa- hon may be his master. How will MacMahon act? Willhe play the pas: of General Monk Germany is, for the present, at least, beyond danger, and now that all that could be reason- ably expected has been obtained, the Reichs- rath may contemplate without anxiety the prospect of Prince Bismark’s resignation. The New Plan of City Piers and Bulk- for proposals for large quantities of materials for the construction of the proposed new piers and bulkheads. The latter are to be of massive granite, and the piers will be com- posed, some of wood and others of iron or stone. will be widened to about two hundred feet, and will completely environ the city, giving ample space for the movement of freight and the transaction of all river business, while it will also be the route of a belt railroad. These improvements are of the very highest importance to the city. and piers are not only unpleasant to the sight and smell, and calculated to impress stran- gers coming here for the first time with an exaggerated contempt for the metropolis itself, but they are obstructions in the way of busi- ness and are generally dangerous to indi- vidual safety, not only from their rickety con- dition, but from the dangerous classes of city Arabs that infest them at night. Our river fronts, with their immense wealth piled at all times upon them, should be kept as brilliantly lighted at night as Broadway, and the places of ill repute that have made Water street and other thoroughfares in the vicinity of the rivers a public disgrace should be rooted out. The pier improvements contemplated by the Dock Commissioners will secure all these advantages. The encroachments of the busi- ness community will soon move away the sailors’ dens and dance: houses of Water street, and the broad Riverside avenue, when completed, will be found as imviting to the honest denizens of the Fourth and Sixth and other lowly wards of the city, as the Battery, under the new beautifying influence of the Park Commissioners, has already become to our First warders, In fact, the remodelling of the piers and river fronts will prove to be a letting of light into the dark passages of Baxter, similarly situated—a sort of Haussmannic cleansing of our Faubourg St. Antoine, commmendable zeal in their prosecution of this work, they must remember that the open- ing of Hell Gate is possible next year, and that great achievement may to some extent upset their plans. shortening of the route from Europe will trans- NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, and restore the House of Bonaparte? With the fall of the Commune we have seen the end of one fight. another. There is still a chance for the repub- lic. The Bourbon cause is not quite desperate. We dare not say there is no hope for the Bona- partes and the empire. But we are willing to wait the issue of events. The Roeicherath Set Against the Encronch- ments of Prince Bismarck. Serious dissensions have arisen between Prince Bismarck and the Reichsrath. The Chancellor of the Empire demands that he and his imperial master should have it all their own way in Alsace and Lorraine; that the government should have supreme control, issue decrees, levy taxes—do, in fine, as it pleases without being bothered by the inter- ference of the Relochsrath until the fall benefit of the constitution of the em- pire—some years hence—will be also extended to those conquered pro- vinces. The amendment to the bill on the organization of Alsace and Lorraine, limiting the authority of the Emperor and making financial measures subject to the con- trol of the Reichsrath, has incurred the dis- pleasure of Prince Bismarck. He upbraids the Reichsrath with ingratitude and want of confidence in the government, and adds that, now that the task of his life, the unity of Germany and the incorporation of Alsace and Lorraine, had been accomplished—as much as to say ‘To me you owe it all”—he would resign if the amendment is not withdrawn. In the face of this formidable threat of the imperial Chancellor the Reichsrath agreed to reconsider the amendment. We believe that the present difficulty, unim- portant as it may seem, is the precursor of a formidable movement against the government. The German Parliament begins to tire of the supercilious hauteur of Prince Bismarck and the paternal despotism of Kaiser William. Bismarck has never been particularly mindful of the constitutional rights of representatives. His off-hand manner and high-handed ways in the Prussian Parliament are well remembered. Already there is serious dissatisfaction among the members of South Germany, who see that their interests are overlooked. The unity of heads. The Dock Commissioners have advertised The avenue along the water front Our present docks Roosevelt, West and other streets While our Commissioners are showing highly There is no doubt that the fer a great portion of the shipping to the upper part of the island and compel a sudden indus- try in the matter of pier building about Har- lem, while the necessity for so complete a pier system on the southern portions of the island may no longer beso absolute. We do not hold that Fifth avenue will be transferred to the Battery because of the Hell Gate opening, nor that Central Park will have to be built up with warehouses, as some croaking philosophers suggest, because our Southern coast trade will always line our southern river fronts, and as many of our great European steamers already have their docks in Jersey City their removal to Harlem would not be likely to create a dis- astrous revolution, except for Jersey; but there can be no question that granite docks will soon be required in the neighborhood of Harlem. While the coast is comparatively clear, therefore, we would advise our Com- missioners to commence building there. Waite THe INDIAN Cntkrs are in Wasbing- ton sight seeing and peace making, the Apaches in Arizona have declared open war against all whites. The chief of the Apaches was one of the dignified warriors who declined to come to Washington because his invitation was informally worded, and it appears that he finds our unfortunate lack of etiquette worthy of resenting in some grander mode than by mere silent contempt. ‘“Wuen A MAN 18 Gotna Down Hii,” the old proverb says, “every one gives hima kick.” In the case of the Communists in Paris, it seems, on finding themselves going down bill they gave themselves the hardest kicks, We wait to see the beginning of the importance of the American press. telegraphs to our correspondent acknowledg- ing the receipt of his felicitations on the completion of a telegraph line, and he (Juarez) MAY 26, 1871—TRIPLE SHEET, “Guilty of murder in the first degree, with our recommendation to mercy,” was the ver- dict of the jury yesterday in the case of Fos- ter, charged with the murder of Mr. Putnam. This verdict is as anomalous in a legal point of view as the recommendation in it will be unsatisfactory to the public. In the first place, the verdict appears to be against the charge of the Judge, Mr. Cardozo. ‘‘I charge, fourth,” the Judge said, “‘before the jury can convict the prisoner of murder in the first degree they must find from the evidence that the prisoner had a specific premeditated design to effect the death of the deceased or of some human being; that they must be able to say, beyond & reasonable doubt, that such was his specific design. I charge, fifth, if the jury find that the prisoner, when he struck the deceased, intended to inflict serious bodily harm upon the deceased only, the death resulting from such an assault does not amount in law to murder in the first degree. I charge, sixth, if the jury havea reasonable doubt, derived from all the evidence, as to what intent the prisoner had in assaulting the deceased, they are bound to give the prisoner the benefit of that doubt and find the lesser intent.” The Judge then quoted the statutes to sustain this charge. The verdict does not appear to be in accordance with it. The argument of his Honor, if we may so speak, favors the opinion that there was not a premeditated design to effect the death of the deceased, and this, according to the technicality of the law, might not constitute murder in the first degree. Judge Cardozo may be right as far as the strict interpretation of the statute goes; but the jury had in their minds, evidently, another law—the common law—the law of reason and justice, and probably without knowing it when they decided upon their ver- dict ; and it was the conflict, probably, in their minds between the strict letter of the statute as expounded by the Judge and their sense of right and justice that led them to append a recommendation to mercy while they found the prisoner guilty of murder in the first degree. Their reason told them the crime was murder, while the statute as expounded by the Judge might have created a doubt. This, we think, accounts for the anomalous verdict. The common law doctrine, which is founded upon reason and justice, is thus laid down by Blackstone :—‘‘Also if even upon a sudden provocation one beats another in a cruel and unusual manner, so that he dies, though he did not inténd his death, yet he is guilty of murder by express malice—that is, by an express evil design, the genuine sense of malitia—as when a master assaulied his servant by an iron bar and a schoolmaster stamped in his scholar’s belly, so that each of the sufferers died, these were justly held to be murderers, because the correction being ex- cessive and such as could not proceed but from a bad heart it was equivalent to a delib- erate act of slaughter.” tained by Lord Hale in his pleas of the crown. Again Blackstone says :—‘‘And if a man kills another suddenly, without any or without a considerable provocation, the law implies malice, for no person, unless of an abandoned heart, would be guilty of such an act upon a slight or no apparent cause.” Our hair- splitting lawyers may object to these old English precedents, but they are founded upon reason and justice. to protect society ; but how can society be pro- tected if the law could be strained to shield a criminal like Foster, who deliberately and maliciously struck his victim a fearful blow with a murderous weapon? Suppose even Foster did not intend to kill, itis clear he did not care whether the blow proved mortal or not. There was, no doubt, malice and pre- meditation. Putnam died from the wound inflicted. We do not call for the death of this wretched criminal from a feeling of vengeance. the safety of society we plead for. Unless a terrible example be made in this case the public streets and public conveyances of our city will be unsafe to peaceable citizens. Brutal and drunken rowdies will do as they please, unterrified by laws that may be strained to shield them. Better that one man should die, if he deserves death, than that the community should be unprotected. Blackstone is sus- The object of all laws is The evidence shows this, and It is Presipent Juarez, of Mexico, appreciates He salutes the press of the United States and directs his prayers to Heaven for its progress. Tue Conviction or MoNevins.—While the public have been occupied with the Foster murder trial another trial, which is of less importance only because it does not in its con- sequences so seriously affect the security of the more orderly portion of the general pub- lic, was concluded in Judge Bedford’s court yesterday. McNevins, who killed Hynes in avenue A in November last, was found guilty of murder in the first degree. The case is only important because it has been so promptly disposed of that it is likely to serve in some degree as one of those effective warnings that all penal- ties of the law are popularly supposed to be. The jury in this case was chosen within an hour last week, when this trial commenced, from intelligent citizens who, luckily, had had their attention called off this case, or had for- gotten it in the more exciting interest of the Foster trial, and his sentence of death will probably be rendered on Tuesday. The promptness of the settlement in his case may deter many a ruffian from acts of murder who would have been encouraged by the jury farce of the Foster trial. Lone Branon.—The preparations in pro- gress for a grand season at Newport, Long Branch, Saratoga, &c., are far ahead of any- thing heretofore attempted, and all concerned are counting upon a rich harvest. Ix Aut Tuer Grory—Our maznificent Seventh regiment and the handsome Twenty- third regiment, N. G. N. Y. 5S. M., in their parade yesterday. What a sensation they would have made in Paris, with their clean faces, upright bearing and bright uniforms, had they followed yesterday down the Rue Rivoli the begrimed, war-torn and blood- stained soldiers of Versailles! What a telling illustration would thus have been given of the contrast between peace aad wart The Trial of Foster and the Verdict. The Occurrences ef Yesterday in Paris. A despatch from St. Denis, dated yes- terday evening, reports that the fighting in Parishas ceased, and that the Versailles troops are in complete possession of the city. We do not, however, place full credence in this intelligence, because our advices from Versailles represent the insurgents as still re- sisting in the Belleville quarter, although without leaders, Still it may be that the in- surrection was finally suppressed yesterday, as M. Thiers expressed the opinion that the end would be witnessed on that day. To do them justice the Communists made a desperate struggle, and we have no doubt that the losses of MacMahon’s army have been frightful. Our despatches this morning give full and graphic details of the fighting. It seems as if the Versailles troops displayed considerable strat- egy and ingenuity in attacking the barricades, their approaches being slow and laborious, but without that immense sacrifice of life which generally attends street fighting. The latest reports of military operations state that the government troops were bombarding Belle- ville. Forts Montrouge and Bicétre have been occupied, and we suppose that all the southern forts are now in the hands of the legitimate authorities. We have few additional particulars concern- ing the destruction of public property. It is stated that all the works of art in the Louvre are safe, they being in the vaults. Previous reports of the burning of the other public buildings are fully confirmed, and the numerous fires seen inthe city yesterday, aided by a strong wind, threatened to increase the work of devastation, Naturally enough the Ver- sailles authorities and the army are much in- censed at the resistance offered by the insur- gents and at the Vandalism which has laid the most valuable part of Paris in ashes. We are consequently not surprised to learn that in the fighting Wednesday night and yesterday no quarter was given. Several Communist leaders have been sentenced by drumhead courts martial and immediately shot. Marshal MacMahon is evidently determined not to show any mercy to the miscreants who have done so much to destroy France. On their part the rebels are not more merciful, and it is even reported that Archbishop Darboy, ten hostages and more than fifty priests were murdered in cold blood on Tuesday night. We shall not believe this until It receives con- firmation. It is too horrible for credence. The News from Central and South America. Our special despatches from Central and South America published this morning are interesting, although they contain merely a repetition of the old story of revolutions and attempts at revolution. The latest insurrec- tion in the State of Panama has ended for the present in a compromise between the govern- ment and the rebel leaders, by which the former agree to pay the expenses of the latter and place part of the public patronage at their disposal. We do not know that such an arrangement as this promises much for the stability of the republic, but since it prevents bloodshed it is not altogether condemnable. We are not surprised, however, to learn that the followers of both parties are dissatisfied with the terms and “‘more trouble is antici- pated.” Of course there will be more trouble. That was to be expected. The Central American republics could not exist in peace and order. Agitation is their life. In Guatemala the revolution is exhibiting renewed life; in Honduras the revolution is certain of success; in Costa Rica an attempt at revolution has been frustrated ; in Nicaragua the government is preparing to shoot leaders of the revolution; in Peru a revolution has been attempted in the form of a conspiracy to to seize the Peruvian iron-clads; in Chile, man having paused awhile from gratifying his revolutionary instincts, nature determined to keep up the agitation and indulged in a few severe hurricanes. Well, after all these repe- titions of accounts of revolutions, it is refresh- ing to note that San Salvador was at peace when last heard from. Let us hope that hers was not the calm which precedes the storm. A Memorable Day in History. Wednesday, the 24th of May, 1871, will be a memorable day in history. It was the day of the ratification by the United States Senate of the Treaty of Washington between the United States and Great Britain. And there are these remarkable coincidences in connection with this treaty. The British High Commis- sioners arrived at this port on the 22d of Feb- ruary—the birthday of Washington—and the Earl de Grey and Ripon hailed it asa good omen in behalf of the great object of their mis- sion. The treaty was ratified by our Senate on the 24th of May—the birthday of Queen Victoria—and on the same day, though in advance of the ratification, her Majesty’s Com- missioners set sail, “homeward bound,” to- gether with General Schenck, one of the Amer- ican Commissioners, bound ont as Minister to England. They may possibly hear of the ratification of the treaty en route, from some steamer coming this way; but, at all events, the English Commissioners and our Commis- sioner and Minister, on reporting themselves at Windsor Castle, will be congratulated on the ratification at Washington of their great work on the Queen’s birthday. The 24th of May, 1871, in addition to the great treaty ratification, will be memorable in history as the day of the bloodiest struggle of the Paris Commune against the French gov- ernment, involving the burning of the Tui- leries, the Hotel de Ville, the Palais Royal and other famous public buildings. in the French capital, and as the Derby Day in Eng- land, in which a young colt of the Baron Rothschild carried off the stakes from sixteen competitors In the race. The 24th of May, this year, will be marked as a great day for England and the United States, bat as a most dismal and melancholy day for poor Paris and poor France, Our SrectaL CoRRESsPONDENT IN Marta- Moros telegraphs that General Rocha arrived before Tampico on the 17th inst., and that a battle was expected. The belief was expressed that the rebellion would soon he suppressed, and for the sake of unhappy Mexico we hope to see it realized. Generar Surman is again in Chicago. He finds it very congenial and lively among the fighting editors there after bis peaceful days at Sedan and Paris. nary articles of general use. of the mechanical pursuits which are not iu- debted in something to the fine arts and de- pendent on them for development. This alli- ance between the useful pursuits of life and art has always been very intimate in nations which have taken a high place in civilization, and is necessary to-day to those who do not wish to be beaten in the race of life. vinced of this truth are the leading minds of Europe that everywhere we see springing up primary art schools; for itis now held that the alphabet of science is as useful to the youth of ledge of letters. The want of art schools in America isthe principal cause of the want of art taste among the masses of the people, and the imperfect education of the American artists is also due to the absence of a proper training ground, where the principles of their profession may be acquired. The time and labor lost groping for knowledge must occupy the best years of an American student's life, unless he be fortunate enough to possess the means of going to Europe. In the indifference both Art in America. Ast is essentially pure and truthful, and is closely’ allied to simplicity of life; it is only effective'in proportion as it seizes upon the great tratis of nature and reproduces them in ® popular form capable of delighting and instructing us. True art is free from sordid motives and draws its inspiration from love of all that is good in nature, The worst incentive to art is the desire of gain, because it corrupts the stream of beautiful thoughts at the source and begets selfish and vulgar feel- ings, which are fatal to the elevation of thought and nobility of sentiment which should characterize the true artist, To bes great artist a man must love his art beyond all else and work for the truth, inde- pendent of hope of applause or reward. The conditions of life in America render this whole-hearted devotion to art very difficult, the desire of gain overcoming and swallowing. up every other emotion; hence we have few good artists, because men of talent will not enter a profession that has so few golden re~ wards to offer them. Before we can reach the highest art we must adopt a higher ideal life,, in which truth and tenderness will count for much more than at present. Art is the resalt of beauty of thought and exquisite feeling in one man, but has a tendency to produce no- bility of soul in others by cultivating whatever there is of pure and sympathetic in our nature. It introduces us to the wonders of creation and makes us perceive more clearly the wisdom and greatness of God. Its influence in soften- ing manners and creating a love for whatever is beautifal and tender in nature is one of the strongest forces in combating evil. Whatever encourages beauty or elevation of thought must add tothe sum of man’s happiness and increase the power of virtue, making man more capable of sympathbizing with sorrow and afflic- tion. The importance of art as a popular educator is twofold in relation to its practical use in the affairs of life and the moral influence it exerts over the character of a people. Art is not confined merely to the production of beauti- fal fancies on canvas or in stone for the plea- sure of the cultivated and refined, but enters deeply into the composition of the most ordi- There are few So con- @ nation as the know- shown by School Commissioners and other bodies charged with the instraction of youth to this subject of art education we have the measure of art feeling in the nation ands complete explanation of the cause why art is almost unknown among boasts of their advanced civilization. Owing to the want of schools where students might draw the the absence of art galleries, whence they might derive light and inspiration in the treat- ment of historical American artists have been forced into land- scape painting. of the American mind exhibits its analytic power in reproducing the forms and colors of woods, lakes and mguntains. great book of nature open before them, the landscape artists have learned many of her secrets, great traths enough. every difficulty do not justify the neglect of an important branch of education, but rather make us feel how much art power is going to waste for want of direction and instruction. Two causes lead to the general neglect of his- torical and figure painting—want of training in a people that and learn to combined with study anatomy human figure, subjects, the mass of Here the natural keenness With the and seized upon and transferred to canvas; but this is not The triumphs of a few men over schools and of intelligent patronage; until are supplied it will be vain to hope for the growth of an American school of art. Few men are nowadays likely to imi- tate Barry and die of’ starvation rather than abandon the pursuit of high art. Private patronage is insufficient for the encouragement of historical painting, and in European coun- tries it has been the custom of the governments to patronize the most distinguished artists. To this custom we owe some of the noblest and almost all the grandest efforts of the old mas- ters, as well as some of the triumphs of modern art. Had not the British government patron- ized Maclise and Holman Hant we should never have had such monuments of genius as the ‘‘Waterloo” of the one or the ‘‘Moses” of the other. The most spirited of Horace Ver-- net’s battle pieces are painted on the walls of. Versailles, and almost every French name illustrious in art can be read on the walls of the national palaces, giving proof of the constant encouragement which the French rulers,, with all their tyranny and corruption, extended to art. There is no reason why the government of this republic should not extend encourage- ment to the formation of a school of art inde- pendent of party considerations. Art is a ten- der plant which needs careful narsing to.enable- it to grow and blossom, but once its petals are unfolded the beauty and perfume of the fluwer repay a thousandfold the trouble of cultivation. In considering the position of art in America it is impossible to pass by without mention the National Academy of Design, an institution that has done much for the diffusion of art taste in this city. It has labored in the cause of art for well nigh half a century, straggling with many dimf- culties, and, on the whole, doing good service; but, while we are grateful for the good which has been accomplishod, it is impos. sible to ahut our eyes to the shortcomings 0 the institution. The object of an art academ) is to exercise » wholesome influence over | :