The New York Herald Newspaper, May 26, 1871, Page 4

BERGERETS BOSH. A Commune Commander’s Communica- tions to a Herald Commissioner. Gives Opinions as Are Opinions. NO GOD BUT UNIVERSAL HARMONY. He Would Fight God as a Tyrant, Just as He Would Fight the Empire. Free Post Prandial Discussion of Church and State Matters. He Unmerciful Criticism of Cluseret, Roche- fort, Gambetta et al. Pants, May 7, 1871. I went to see General Bergeret to-aay. Since his release from imprisonment he has been appointed commander of the reserve forces of the Commune, and has his hcadquarters at the 1d Patais Bourbon, where Rouher’s Corps Législatif used to sit, The palace is now principally devote : to a great work- shop where sand bags and other things of the sort are manufactured for the use of the Commune, | which just bow w employing a great quantity of them. SCENE IN THE ANTECHAMBER. Iwas shown to a sort of antechamber on the ground Ooor to await the General, who, I was in- formed, was dressing to go out. There was & poor | woman awaiting an audience here who told mo that she was the wife of one of the Auissiers, and that they were going to drive her out now because ner husband had gone to Versailles. I testified some sympathy for her, and this, I think, caused me to be lookea upon with suspicion by the guard foing duty, as hutssier, for he looked at me hard, and a few minutes afterwards, when I commenced speaking English with a friend who accompanied me, he ordered us in a very surly tone to speak French, adding that people were not allowed to speak pa‘ois there. I submitted that we were not speaking pa‘ois, Dut Englisn. He insisted that it was pa/ois, and for- Did our speaking it in his presence, 1 informed him then that we should speak whatever language suited our convenience, and continued the conver- sation with my friend in English, to his great indig- nation. He flew into a violent passion at last, and calling in a soldier put us under arrest, giving orders to have us watched closely while he went to look for somebody or sometiing. This did not stop our tongues, however, and we continued ¢o pour out @n Uuinterrupied stream of English, until THE ARRIVAL OF THE GENERAL, @ho, without perceiving our unpleasant predica- ment, released us from it unconsciousiy, by ad- vancing and cordially shaking our hands. ‘The | Soldier detailed to guard us saw us depart witn open mouth and eyes, seemingly not quite certain that he ougit not to arrest us all, the General in- cluded. NO CONTRACTORS NEED AP@LY. We were going to breakfast together, but on the ‘way out the General conducted us through three or four rooms now used as work- shops, where @ few women were at work Making sand-bags. “Box jour, citoyennes,’ Said the General, i\itiug his hat politely, and we all lifted our hats and said “Zon jour, citoyennes.” He then asked them if they were pleased with their Work and their pay, 10 whica they answered that they were very weil pleased indeed since tue new Arrangement bad gone into effect. Upon inquiring What the pew arrangement was General Bergeret informed me taat he had adopted the pian of paying the workwomen directly for the work doue instead of giving it ou: in contracts and thus letting it pasa fbrough three or four different hands. By this means the women not only received @ fair recompense for their work, but the Commune actually Qealized a profit by the adoption of the i System, and the swarm of governmeat contracters | that grow rica, as well by stealing the hard-earned | money of the people as by oppressing poor sewing | girls, are thus deprived of the means of carrying on thelr parasitica business, In reply to his ques- ton as to wiiy there were so few women present they said that it was Sunday aud most of them had gone to church. He afterwards conducted us througn the hail of the old Corps Législatif, which, deserted and gloomy and silent as it now is, con- Trasts strangely with the scene of confusion and aisorder Wuich took place there on the 4th of last September. ! AT BREAKFAST. We went 10 breakfast afterwards, and t -. “Sreral ot being very busy we lingered long “tt the fromage and the poire, and I had a very interesting conversation with him oa a variety of subjects, in- cluding the present situation of Pans, religion and general politics. As his views on muny of these questions are nearly identical with those of the greater number of Frenchmen who sustain the Commune, an’ as they are, to say the least of 1, ‘very peculiar, I will try to give, as nearly as possl- le, some of lils ideas which appeared to me to be Wie most striking, With regard to the present stivation of Paris he said that they thought they were In a condition to resist Thiers an indeiinite length of Ume, no matter what may be the forces brought against them. They have enough men to detend Paris even against the Prussiuus, und they are not afraid of the gen- darm es of Versatlles. ConREsroONDENT— But will they not surround and Starve you out, as did the Prussians’ BERGERET—NO, for two reasons; first, the Ver- Bailles go ment has too mauy friends here, who ‘Would have to sufler and DIE OF STARVATION Mf it shoula come to that at last. This is a} dificuliy the Prussians did not have to contend with. They had no friends m Paris, Gnd tt was a matter of indigerence to them if the ‘whole population starved to death. With Thiers it fs diferent. Ii he cuts off our supplies we, of jourse, Inust take care of our own friends first and We troops of te Commune, who are fighting the yattles, aud their families, must be fed as long as Shere is anyUung to eat, In the meantime the reac- Fonists, t nemies of the Commune, will have to | sucfer, if suffering there be; and we think that the idea Of starving fis Own (rieuds to death in order to reach his enemies must strike even the obtuse intel- lect of Thiers as something wo absurd to be under- taken in the nineteenth centu COUNTING ON THE PR The second jon is:—We have positive informa- tion that the Prussians do not intend to retire from ANS, {| sou richer than when I NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, MAY 26, 1871.—TRIPLE SHEET, | DELESCLUZE. trary to reason, it is contrary te right that one should govern ‘she many that there should be a A SUBSTITUTE FOR GOD. a Connmerounens— Waa do you substitute for t | bBERGERET—Universal harmony. CORKBS PONDENT—What do you mean by that? Bercergst—The anion of everything i exists in one harmonious whole, Man, animals, fowers, pianis, trees, stars, planets—everything, CORRESPONDENT—Otherwise the aniverse itself, BERGENET—Yes. SORRESPONDENT—Did this universe or universal | harmony, as you ca Il it, create itself? CAUGBT ON THE HIP, PERGERET—Ah, answer. It is grasp; probably because we lack a faculty. As a person who is born blind cannot comprehend hight, So we cannot understand the Creation. 1 could ask you as well who created God, and you would proba- bly give me the same answer. Try to think it out and you will go ci a CoRRESPONDENT—Therefore, at this limit of the human anderstanding there is a barrier which you call universal harmony, whereas we call it God. BERGESKET.—That 1s my exact RADICAL ON ALL THINGS. ing the conversation upon other subjects I found that he professed equally radical sentuments, but that npon sifting and analyzing them thoroughly his opposition seemed to be directed against names, rather than dootrines or dogmas. He provessed him- self entirely Caer to mAEringe: but upon ques- tioning hun I found that he was by no means a lover. Quite tne contrary, in fact, He even advo- cated strenuously the suppression of the Jil/es de fot, and It is only civil marriage, as it is usually under. stood in France, this buying and selling of wives and husbaxds, and legalizing it by 1aw, to which he is opposed. Marriage, as unde in America, where it is never a question of money, but always of love he advocates and considers 1ndissolubie, no matter under what circumstances it may be contracted— Whether before priest or parson, or justice of the | peace, op alone under the starry canopy of heaven, | without priest or witness, such @ mal should ; roe be held sacred, Nota bad doctrine certainly. | Heis | NOT AN ADVOCATE OF A GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF | PROPERTY, Every man has a right to what he can honestly get to become rich, M he will; Mit he has no right lor that reason to cease to be a producer, and to | contribute to the general weal. Idieness 1 © TOOL | of all ev'l, and no man, however rich, should pe | allowed to :ematn tdie, THE ORIGINATORS OF THE PRESENT RISING. Returning tothe present condition of Paris and passing events, he informed me that It was Duval, | | Eudes anu bimself who carried out the revoluuon | | and made it a success, ‘hey three had full powers | from the Central Committee to act as circumstances might require, and it was they who determined | upon the coup @éiat of the 18th of the March, | alter the attack upon Montmartre. HOW IT WAS DONE. They concerted their plans, and the forts of | Vanvres and issy were occupied by General Eudes, the Hotel de Ville by Duval and the Place Vendome by himself, General d’Aureile de Paladines was | sttlin bed when he marched upon the place with | his men and was awakened with the message that | he had just twenty minutes in which to surrender. In just seventeen minutes by the watch General | d’Aurelle was on his way to Versailles in possession of the Place Vendéme. j tu command the 3ist of October,” continued the General, “the result would have been just the same, A FLING AT FLOURENS, “It was Flourens’ want of decision that lost us, We had Favre, Simon and Trochu under our hands | for & moment, and 1 wished to arrest and send them | all to Musas upon the instant. slourens hesitated, | however, and that moment of hesitation has cost | im his lite.” | | i | ' Rue des Petit Champs the inhabitants are busily | paper of various hues, Ask the shopkeepers the id Interview With the Last Dictator of the Commune. Confident of Success on the Eve of Collapse. WAS ROSSEL A TRAITOR? A Proclamation of the Commune---Still the Old Charge of Treason. LIFE OF DELESCLUZE. Paris, April 12, 1871. Papering and pasting are contagious. The fever for darkening shops and apartments 1s increasing. ‘The disease, which frst commenced in the neighbor- hood of the Place Venddme, 1s assuming large pro- Portions. On the boulevards, the Rue Royale, the employed decorating their windows with bands of reason of their being thus employed, Some will answer that they are taking precautions against the vibration of cannon; others that when the Column ‘Vendome shall fall the shock will he little betver than that of an earthquake. What between the fear of column and cannon the inhabitants of the district have but desire to criticise the chief topic of conver- sation—fight of the ex-Minister of War, which has been invested with additional mystery in conse- quence of the announcement in the Journal Qpiciel, and which has been profusely placarded on the walls this morning. It runs thus:— PEOPLE OF PARIS:— ~8—The Commune snd the republic have just es- caped a mortal peril. ‘Treason had slipped into our ranks. Despairing of conquering Paris by arma, the reaction had tempted to disorganize her torces by corruption. Gold, cast rt , had found even among us consciences to be bought. The abandonment of Fort Issy, announced {nan im)ious Placard by the miscreant who had delivered it, was ouly the first act of the drama; monarchica! insurrection in the inte- rior, coincident with the delivery of one uf the gates, would follow and plunge us in the bottom of the abyss. All the of the dark plot in which the revolution would find taken are now jo our lon. Most of the guilty beer heir orime is frightfu; their punish- nt will be exemplary, The court martial sits en as cee Justice wili be done. Citizens, the revolution cannot be conquered; ft wiil not be. Butif it be n to show to monarchism that tne Commune is prepared for all, rather than seeing the red tag torn from its hands, it 1s necessary that the people know that on its vigilance, {ts energy, 118 union depends the ultimate success, That which the reac- tion could not do yesterday, to-morrow it will again attempt. Let all eyes be open on its acts, Let all arms be ready to strike down without mercy the traftors. Let all tne living WHAT HE THINKS OF ROCHEFORT. CORRESPONDENT—W hat is your opinion of Roche- | e ERGERET—Rochefort has played his part. Rochefort was only a weapon in the hands of the people, chained down u.der the empire. it ! Was the oniy one they could use, and they used it | with effect. Now, however, they have Chassepots | and muitraitieuses, and Rochefort is thrown aside as useless, Besides, French Journalists are, for the most part, @ parcel of scamps, and Rochefort is a journalist or nothing. LOUIS BLANG. Reh ne eee what do you think of Louis ano BERGERET—AN excellent patriot, but ne is an old man, whica is the only way lo which I can explain ils presence at Versaiiies. GAMBETTA—HOW IS HR? CoRRESPONDENT—Anc have your opinions changed with regard to Gambetta? BERGERET—Not precisely. He fought our batiles Well during the empire, and we looked on and a) Plauded. Nevertheless, he is a lawyer. We are only Mechanics and workmen, and he regards us as as- sumtng too much when we talk o1 affairs of State, and evidently thinks we are stepping out of our sphere, and thinks, probably, we ought to have asked am to lead and direct us. He ia jealous and ambitious, KERGERET’S AMBITION DEFINED BY HIMSELF. ConkES tONDENT—But are you also not ambitious? BReveReT—I do not deny tl I have an am- bitiva, Kut it is not the ambizion of riches, or uonors, or present fame. If 1 can accomplish some- thing fur human progress, so that men will aK well of me when lam gone, so that one e of history be devoied to my acts, I care not what they Say of me at present. 1am poor, and have always earned my bread by the sweat of my brow; but since being in command of the forces of the Com- mune I have never irawn the pay of a general, but simply thac of a@ common soidier; and my wife has | 1 t | goue” regularly with the wives of the men to draw her fifteen sous per day, accorded by te Commune to the families of tme National Guard. So far from being ashamed of our poverty we are proud of it, and if the revolution saccveds 1 expect to go back to my Workshop not & | leftit to ‘command the ar- mies of the Commune. If it fails 1 shall leave France forever. THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNE NOT HOXEST. _ | CoRBESPONDENT—Do you think all the members of | the Commune are as honest as you? | SERGERET—I| am sorry tobe obilged to say they re not. Many of them are making money ont of It. Nevertheless { think the majority may he Considered as honest, straight(orward men who are there irom @ sense of duty. CLUSERET DENOUNCED AS A VILLAIN. CORKES?O¥ DENT- hat do you think of Cluseret? BERGERET—He fs a villain of the deepest dye, and Will be duly tried for treason and punished accord- op re his deserts. s I have described in a previous letter, it was after @ violent scene which occurred between Clu- seret and Bergeret that the latter was arrested and imprisoned. Cluseret is now in the same ceil for- merly occupied by Bergeret. AFTER BREAKFAST we went to Nadur’s, as Bergeret had promised to go and sit for a picture. While there Nadur re | marked, in the course of conversation, that there | were a great number of horses in taat quarter of the | city near the arc de Triomphe, especially in the Avenue de I"Imperatrice, “I am glad to hear it,” | said the General; “1 have received orders to form a Squadron of cavalry, and untii this moment I aid not kuow where I should procure the horses."” FOREIGN PERSJNAL GOSSIP. —Prince Charles of Bade was married the other day to Mile. Rosa de Beust, lady m waiting to the Princess Wilhelmina, daughter of the Kaiser. ——tThe young Duke of Genoa has just completed nis course at Harrow, England, and has returned to Italy to prepare himself for entering the Italian | navy. —Baron Pock, who has been appointed Vice | Admiral of the Austrian navy n place of Admiral Tegethom, will also be raised to the rank of Com- mander-in-Chief of the navy. ——Father Gavazzi writes to a friend in Glasgow from Rome, in which he implores from his friends in | Scotland to assist him in restoring to the Romans the primitive Courch of the Apostle Paul. —. ('Ounril, the Russian Mintster to Berlin, gave agrand dinner on April 89, the birthaay of the Ewperor Alexander. Prince Bismarck, the members of the diplomatic corps and other dignitaries were | present. | —tThe Grand Dyke of Hease-Darmstadt has con- | ferred the decoration of @ knight of the first class of the order of Philip the Generous on Dr. Charles Mayo, staff surgeon major and director of the Alice | Hospital, Darmstadt. the neighborhood of Paris untli the duticuity is set- tied. Now, us long as the: Provisions i we p y for them, for tue simple reason Uhat it is their luterest to do so. They are good business men, and that isa point which above all Others they understana perfectly. If Thiers thinks that the Prassiaus will go agaiust their own private | interest to insure the success of either one of the contending parties he is greatly mistaken, Jul Favre to tie contrary notwithstunding. RESOURCES LEPT. CORRESPONDENT—but Paris 18 not nch enough to keep up this thing forever. Where will you get your money from BERGERET—Paris can sustain the straggle as long | as Versailles, As for money, we wili find it, THE TREASURES OF NOTRE DAME ALO: will pay the troops of the Commune for th The Church treasures of Paris (hat are lying Idi that have been wiindrawa from (he world for ages, will be brought back to the light, and will furnish the sinews of war to the Commune. A curious fact, The Church has accumulated a mass Of use- jess treasure that will probably be used to destroy its power and infuence. BYROERET ON RELIGION. CORRESPOND: You have no course, Do you, however, believe in the tality of the suul? ew skierel belleve im the tmmortanty of pe religion, of immor- homan mind; but not of the individual soul. live; we grow up; we fall dd die as tue leaf, and return to the dust, from whence we came; and we are only immortal in our chiidrea. xO GOD. , CoxREsroNDENT—Do you believe in Godt BenokeRer—No. CouRRSPONDENT—Why? s BERGEKET—Hecause it is not republican, Be- cause, if there were A GOD, HE WOULD BE A TYRANT. I fight God in the universe as I did the empire in France. it is the one-man power, the pouvotr personel of Napoleon iil, If there were such a piace as heaven and I went there and found a God I would immediately commence throwing up barricades. I would hoist the rea flag. T would rebel. it is contrary to justice, It ls com re here they will sell us | —Pope Pius [X. celenrated his seventyeninth birthday on 1st@ May. He was elected after the | death of Gregory XVI, on the 16th June, 1846, and | crowned on the 21st of same month. He will, there- fore, shortly complete the twenty-fifth year of his ‘lish physi- pontificate. —Sir William Jenner, the great Eng! cian, has been examined before the Vaccination | | Committee of London, Ne evil effects from vaccina- | tiom had ever, he said, come under his notice; and, as the father of six children, he should consider himself wanting tm his duty had he neglected to | have them vaccmated, | many wuo Insist that the late Minister of War was a forces of the revolution group tuemselves for the supreme effort, and then, then only, triumph is assured. Notwithstanding the above, although there are traitor, the general opinion appears to be that he has been belied. It is Known that his successor Was opposed to the acceptance of Rossel’s resigna- tien and consequently much surprise has been ex- pressed at the appointment of citizen Delescluze to be Délégué ala Guerre. A VISIT TO DELESCLUZE. Anxious to see the veteran revoiutionist, who has the repuiation of being one of the extreme ad- vanced school, and at the same timelhonest in his convictions, | started again this morning for the War Office. It was a lovely morning, the sua shone warmly and brightly, and for once, the first time for many months past, the discordant sounds of neither drum nor bugle grated on the ear, The ante-cham- bers of the War Uffice were crowded with new faces, but few of those with which I had become familiar remained. Three Ministers of War within fif- teen days—Cluseret, Rossel, Delescluze—is rapid work, each of different pattern, like changes in the kaleidoscope. The mute-like huissiers, in sable suit, are still there. It would be a dimcult matter to replace thelr fu- uereal gravity, Their imperial stolidity 1s still there; they were never known to smile, and do their duty with inflexible solemnity, whether monarchy, im- perialism, republicanism or communism be in power. I much doubt if the most violent red in ex- | istence would dare to address one of these sepul- | chral giants, citizen. I nad but little hope of pene- trating into the dark biue satin chamber, as there | Were innumerable swords, spurs, riding boots and | revolvers waiting their turn for an audience; but, } having sent in my card, I was agreeably surprised | by being told to enter at once. Sitting at the tavle formeriy occupied by the citizens Cluseret and Rossel Were two dark-looking citizeus, beiore them @ heap of papers. in front of the firepiace, in which blazed a roasting fire, was the table on which I for- meriy examined General Cluseret’s dossicr. sitting in au armchair, crouching over the fire as an invalid would do in midwinter, was A THIN, OLD MAN, apparently nearly ppg! years of age, pale and with the appearance of ill heaith—the newly ap- olnved Délégué a la Guerre, the citizen Delescluze. je offered me & corresponding armchair to his own at the opposite corner. I then explained in English the object of my Visit, Which was to have facilities for information. “You must excuse me,”’ said the Minister of War, in faultless English, “but 1 speak your language very todifferently.” I took the hint, and the rest of our conversation was in french. In these tines everybody 18 suspicious of his neighbor, and there | were others in we room. Having in my pocket a copy of the Journal Opicicl, 1 asked citizen Deies- cluze if he could give me aay information with re- spect to the plot referred to in the announcement made therein by the Comité de Salut Public. “As vo the Fort d’Issy,’’ replied the Minister fol War, “it had been so much destroyed by the Prus- sians during the siege that it would have been im- ‘ible to have held it for any time. It 1s surpris- ing thatthe National Guard held out so gallantly. The Versailiists cannot take much credit to them- seives for that achievement. That the reactionary party is straining every nerve to succeed there is not the slightest doubt, but they Will noi do so, 1 have no fear for the resuit.”’ As the speaker continued he appeared to gain strength and to forget hisown auments while his mind was occupied with public afairs. Citizen Delesclnze speaks slow!y aud distinctly, without hesitation, bot pauses lot @ second at the end of eacn sentence. He is evideotiy aman firmin pur- pose, shrewd and of clear intellect. The expression of his mouth indicates that he would stop at no sacrifice in order to secure the triumph of his opinions. “But,” I replied, “1 should be obliged if you could give me some Information respecting the plot which , the Comité ae Salut Pubiic declares bas veen dis- “T can tell you | covered.” “Of that,’” replied my companton as yet nothing; but repeat that I have no fear for the resuit. The reactionists within Paris are smail in number, comparatively speaking. The fact o: the Versaillais having taken the tort of Issy has en. courdged the National Guards to greater exertious. We did not disguise from ourselves that they were becoming fatigued, But any attempt of the Ver. | saillais to enter Paris will excite them to redoubled efforts, for they now Know that should the rovalists succeed, their doing so Will be the ruin of Paris and of France. ‘This morning the National Guards have made a reconnoissance in force, under Dombrowski, at Sablonville, and have cleared the Versailiais trom the wood."* “As the correspondent of a foreign journal,” I re- lied, “it Is not for me to support either side, Tam nly desirous to state facts." a “pxactly,” replied the Déi¢gué & la Guerre; ‘that is all we desire. I shall be very giad to afford yon all the assistance In my power.’’ Having thanked fim for bis courtesy I was not sorry to rise from my chair. The day was hot, the fire ‘was hower. Your correspondent haa during the interview been roasung. 1 was becoming done; aiready I was nicely browned. How on earth the Minister of War can stand it ts incomprehensible, { cannot allow .bis opportunity to escape without vearmg my testimony in favor of the manner in | Augustus Schutz, Esq., late United States Consul to Coquimbo, Chili, has arrived in Concord, N. H. Mr. 3.0. Burch, the Journal Clerk of the United | States Senate, has been seriousiy il] for several days i | Past. Ex-Senator Hiram 6. Revels (colored) has been elected President of Alcorn University at Jackson, Miss. The Hon. Alexander Campbell, Postmaster Gene- rai of Canada, arrived in Quebec on Thursday lust with his family on their way to England. ‘The farvard crew practising together now for the regatta at Springfeld consists of Messrs, Bass (strokei, Jones, Rice, Tucker, Sanger and Read (bow). Robert G, Corwin bas been appointed Supervisor of Internal Revenue for Southern Onto, Suvervisor Joseph W. Dwyer retaining the Supervisorstup of the northern section Of Une State. Dr. J. B. Trask brought snitin San Francisco nst Laura D, Falr, the convicted murderess, for $2,100 due him for medical services. The Porey Bheriff was endeavoring to find property whic! might be attached by viriue of this suit, but was not pplication at the Bank of Califor- uccessfal. His hia was met by the reply that Laure Q. Fait had no money in the ‘bower | | | which journalis which I Bave been invariably received by the lead- ing lights of tae Commune. LIFE OF THE LAST COMMUNIST DICTATOR. The Citizen Delescluze is a remarkabie \. few words in reference to his antecedents may not here be out of place, a8 showing the vicissitudes to Are subjected in France. He was bora on the f Octover, 1009; studied in Paris at (he College Bourbon and the Ecuie du Droit. Like pumvert other students, he joined tne politica: societies after We revoluuon of 1530, and was rested in 15é4, In the following year he was impil- cated ip @ conspiracy and was forced te seck refuge mm Belgiam, where he embraced journalism as éditor of the Journal de Charlero. In 1841 he suffered his rst condemnation as journalist, one month's imprisonment and 2,000f. fine as chief edttor of Limportial du Nord at Vatenciennes, After the revolution of Febraary he was named Commissaire General de ia Republique in the departments of the Jord and Vas dé Calais, In November, 1843, he founded 7a Revolution Démocratique et Sociale and La Liverté Repub! icatne, of which he was Secretary General. One article cost him twelve months’ im- prisonment aad 10,0001. fine, another three months’ imprisonment and 10,00f, fine, On the 12th of June, 184 Revolution Démocratique et 0, La Socia e¢ was sup} and Citizen Delesclaze con- demned by tne Minute Gour at L,Y acsalien Oy, detautt to transport: je reacl jan 1950. In 1863 returned. to” 4 arrested and be at need in he Was condemned to four years’ France, Mayas, & fine of 1,000f. as a member of @ secre’t society, and was sent ‘to Belle Isle, rted siaccessively to 40, Toulon and Brest; he Was at the associated with cony.tcts, and of the chain gangs. On #ne Ist of September, 1858, he was sent to Cayenne by @.simple ministerial order, which applied to him the of the 8th December, 1861, and pronounced aga'Ust him the sentence of ten years’ ortauon, «AD amnesty at the end of a year nermitted him to rey turn to 08. he start @ weekly pi one follow: inations:—T months! imprigon- ment and 5,000f. fine tor his firss article; six months’ imprisonment and filty francs fine on account of the Bandin subseri| ; 81x months’ imprisonment ae often forme ; igment pronounced 14th August The amnesty on the following day, the Em- Peror’s birthday, annulled this fast condemnation. The Rights of American Bought Vessels to American Register and Protection Con- coded—DiMiculties Attending the Coasting Trade. WasHInoTonN, May 24, 1871, Mr. L. Huffer, a French shipbuilder, nas written a letter to Minister Washburne making the following proposition:— Am I right in saying a foreign vessel can be bought by an American ciuzen, and when 80 owned by him, vommanded by an ferican citizen and manned by an American crew, the privilege of crad- ing under the protection of the American flag can be | procured for her? She is only, however, allowed to trade in foreign waters, being excluded ‘from enter- ing ere e ay ports when so brought under Ameri- can colors? ‘The proposition has been submitted by Minister Washburne to the Secretary of the Treasury for de- cision, and Mr, Beutwell has replied as follows:—The case proposed by Huffer embraces substantially the Mo irst-Oan » foreign veusel tt irs a vessel be purchased by a citi- zen of the United States? ¥ Me Second—Can such vessel 80 purchased and while | owned, oficered and manned by citizens of the | United States acquire the privilege of trading under | the protection of the nae the United States? ae role bares such privilege be exercised in foreign | Mr. Huffer’s note omits to indicate whether these questions were intended by him to apply to tne | Tights of neutrals in the time of war or to rights un- | der international comity in a time of peace, or to Tights acquired by purchasers under the laws of the United States, whether neutrals or otherwise. In reply to the first question I have to observe that the nauional right to aeguire property by purchase | has been neld by high authority to be unaffected, so | far as neutrals are concerned, by the mere fact that a state of war exists between two or more beiliger- ent Powers from the citizens or subjects of one ot which tne purchase is made. Such right | is subject, wever, to the restrictions im- by international law, by treaty or yy the belligerent Powers respectively. as to the property of their own citizens or subjects dur- ing the existence of such war. This principle is stated be one of the former Attorney Generals of the United States as follows:—The state of war inter- Tupts no contract of purchase or sale or transporta- on as between neutrals and beliigerents, except in articles contraband of war. (Op. 6, 647). The second question relates to the nationality of the vessel under the circumstances stated. and necessarily embraces the query—How 1s such na- Wonallty to be established? Ordinarily the nation- ality of sea-goimg vessels of the United States is shown by the possession of a ister enrolment or license, but neither of th locuments can be issued to a vessel of the class under consideration. it had been the practice, nowever, early period in tne history of the United | States up to the year 1855, for Collectors of Customs | to furn:sh to American owners of foreign-built ves- sels, on due proof of citizenship and of ownership, @certificate of property, so-called, by which the facts of such clizenship and ownership were formally Tecognized and authenticated. In common with sea letters and other documents verifying proprietary interest they stood principally upon provisions of treat.es or the general iaw of natiens (Abbott on | Shipping, page and were givén by officers of THE TREATY-MAKING POWER Has the House of Representa- tives Any Share of It? A Supposed Scheme for Watering the National Debt. REGISTERS FOR FOREIGN BuLT | How the Supreme Court Nipped It in the Bud. WASHINGTON, May 23, 1871. 1t fs unfortunate that the Joint High Commission treaty should come before the Senate for ratification during the absence of the House; for % must be | borne in mind that though the Senate may ratify in | Special secret seasion the treaty cannot be executed ‘unless the House also ratifies it, Near the close of the last session the House, by unanimous vote, decided to oficially notify the President and Senate that the Honse would not con- sider itself bound to appropriate money to carry out a treaty stipulation unless the assent of that body should be previously given to the treaty. On Thursday, the 13th of last month, Mr. Repro- sentative Beck, of Kentucky, introduced the follow- ing resolution in the House, which was adopted by @ unanimous vote:— Resolved, That it being declared the second section of the second article of the constitution the President shall have power, by end with the advice and consent of the Senate, to treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators Present concur, the House of Hepresentatives does not claim any agency in making treaties, but that when a treaty stipulates regulations on any subjects submitted by the con- stitution to the power of Congress, it must depend for its execution as to such stipulations on a law or laws to be passed by Congress, and it is the constitutional right and duty of the House of Kepresentatives, Jn all such cases, 10 a expeaiency or inexpediency of carryin; such treaty Into effect, and to determine anc ust thereon as in its judgment may be most conducive to the public good. ‘The action of the House in several instances, not necessary here to recite, shows tuat it is in earnest in insisting apon its prerogatives. It nas for some | me it to put once upon Prenident to put the new bonds st the IT WILL NOT WORK. This 3 nome for incressing the national debt hag Ros sae fat worked well. Mr, Seceorary Aoapeeay Congress, and os ree: THE SUPREME COURT, the palladiam of our civil rights, dectted, on the firat day of the present month, in the great tobacco case, the ioulars of which were given in the HERALD of Marcn 18, that laws of Congress passed: by both houses in open session, and publicly ap- proved by the President, are paramount to treaties the President and ratifed by ly and in secret session. the United States Supreme Court t RUNNING NOTES---POLITICAL AND GENERAL, There is another deadlock in the Pennsylvania Legislature at Harrisburg. Whv not send for the “Boss” and have the Job finished at once? The Rochester Democrat propounds this conun- drum:—‘Suppose, now, no prominent repubiicam breaks out of the ranks in time'to become the nexs democratic candidate for President, what will the democratic party do?” Answers may be sent te Tammany Hall. The Rochester Democrat has another conundrum. Itwants to know “what Governor Hoffman pre poses to do with the bill amending the Coae of Pre- cedure?” Answers may be sent to Mr. Tom Fields. Conundrums being in order, the Aubany argus Propounds the following:—What has become of Bailey?” Answers may be sent to the office of the United States District Attorney. The Philadelphia Press states that nearly a ma- jority of the States have taken action in regard te the centennial celebration at Philadelphia in 1876. The President has appointed J. Fletcher Williams | and W. W. Folwell, of Minnesota, commissioners | from that State to the celebration. Daniel M. Fox declines a renomination for Mayor of Philadelphia at the nauds of his party, Fox and’ grapes | The Steubenville (Ohio) Gazette states that ap- Pearances at present indicate that Colonel George 'W. McCook will be nominated for Governor by the Democratic State Convention, June 1, on the first’ ballot. The Cincinnati Enquirer says that General Sher- man thought the war would settle the negro ques- secretly approved by the Senate only and All honor to time past been getting jealous of what many of its members are pleased to term the rapidly increasing | usurpations of power by the Senate in secret session. | A distinguished Representative remarked, not long since, that the usurpations of the Senate could not much longer be endured. That body in secret ses- s10n has presumed to transact, not only executive business, but legislative and judicial also. This claim of the House is as old as the govern- ment. In 1797, upon the occasion of a treaty with Great Britain, the resolution, of which Mr. Beck’s ig a copy, Was introduced, and after @ lengthy de- bate, in which Messrs. James Madison, Edward Liv- ingstone, Albert Gallatin and other distinguished statesmen then in the House spoke in its support, passed by a vote of 64 to 37. ° ‘The subject has been discussed at various times during the seventy-four years that have passed by since 1t was first introduced, but notabiy in the ‘Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, Forty-frst and Forty-second Congresses, until the House affirms its position by a Unanimous vote. In fact 1t may be said that after SEVENTY-FOUR YEARS’ DISCUSSION the House has, by unanimous vote, determined to maintain what 1¢ claims to be its just and lawful prerogatives, Inasmuch as the House holds the key to the national Treasury, from which not one dollar can be paid without its consent, to carry out treaty stipula- 7), the customis under a supposed general power to cer- tify any fact made to appear to them in relation to ships and merchandise, and were practically re- garded as equivalent to @ sea letter (2 Johns P., 548), ‘These certificates were in use as early ay 1798, and re- ceived the formal sanction of this department by cir- cuiars dated respectively February 25, 1815, and ay 31, 1821. But in October, 1855, the Attorney Gen A in reply to the Oe “What document should be given to vessels?’’ communicated to the reid of the Treasury certain views which led to a modifi- cation of the form of certincate then in use, (Op. 7, 638.) This modification consisted im certitying not the fact of ownership, as before, but that the evi- dence of that tact had been examined and recorded in the office of the Collector. The form of the certi- ficate, thus modified, wasgembodied in the general Teguiations of the Department issued in 1357. Article 76 has been mm use ever since, and is Fetained in the revised regulations ’promui- gated January 30, 1869, part first, article 96, it constitutes prima Jacie evidence of own- erstip, and as such indicates the nationality of the vessel, but is not conclusive any more brea! isa bon og 3 enrolment Si license, all oe wets are documents Fes@agsupom local or munici , as distinguished from or international law. If the purchase be made bona fide, the property be passed absolutely and without reserve, the ship 80 purchased becomes entitled to bear the fag and receive the protection of the Umitol States. (Up. 6, 652.) Bat this right may be questioned, and must then be estabiisied by acteal proof, not by pre- sumptive evidence, the ont; _“sracter which can be claimed for the certificaiés nere referred to. ‘The right to engage in trade in foreign waters 13 one which may be exercised only according to the laws of tho countries within whose Jurisdiction | such waters are embraced. According to the authority before quoted neutral commerce. Whether of ships or other things, except in | contraband of war ana places blockaded or invested, 1s just as free in war asin peace. (Op. 6, 647.) ‘To the fourth le I reply that if such vessel arrive in @ portof the United States from a foreign port laden with merchandise she will be subject, with her cargo, to forfeiture. If she arrive in ballast only she will be subject to an alien tonnage tax of one dollar per ton in addition to the tonnage duty im- osed on @ registered vessel in like circumstances, iT such vessel engages in the coasting trade, and conveys goods of the growth or production o1 the United States only, distiiled spirits excepted, from one port to another, or sai! in ballast, she 1s liable to pay the fees prescribed by law on vessels not belong- ing to the United States and an alien tonnage duty, and if she carry goods of foreign production, or dis- een she is liapie, with her cargo, to for- fett THE EMIGRATION COMMISSION. Meetirg Yesterday—Improvemests at Castle Garden and Ward’s Island. A regular meeting of the Commissioners of Emi- gration was held at Ward's Island yesterday. Present—Richard O'Gorman, President; Commis- sioners Wallack, Barr, Schack, Nicholson, Lynch, Frear and Wilmann. Dr. Herling and Colonel Cooney, examining phy- sician and cnief clerk of the Sanitary Bureau, wero censured for allowing Bridget Culbert, an emigrant, to go ashcre from the steamship Queen the day after her confivement, from the effects of which her coild died, aud steamship companies were requested | to permit no communication between emigrants and outsiders until the vessels ure in charge of the Com. mission’s officers. It was decided also to notify consignees that women confined during the voyage must be provided tor forty-eight ours after arrival. Two hundred deilars were placed at the disposal of the Ward's Island Commit to provide pictures for the hospitals, It was decided ihat the officers be. held responsinle lor Gamages sustained by emi- ss througe teelr negigci. The removal of Dr. etzel and S$, Mimister, Clerk of Information Bureau was confirme’. A “compiaint book” was ordered for Castle Garden. R. M. Hassard was appointed ticket agent of the Hudson River and Central Rail- road Company, vice Van Neat, and the attorney was instructed to suppress emigrant ticket offices which are not principal offices. Emigrants to May 2, 1871. 65,994 To same date 1870... 74,987 THE ADAMS EXPRESS ROBBERY. Most of the Stolen Fands Recovered—The Robbery Plauned by the Company’s Em- joy es. sia CINCINNATI, May 25, 1871. Information has been received here by the Adams Express Company of the recovery of all but $1,000 of the money stolen at Columbus, Oni0, on the 16th inst. About $15,000 was surrendered yes- verday in Chicago by Theodore Braatey, late a rail- road conducior, who was placed under arrest. At two o'clock this morning $23,673, buried in the vard of George W. Bradiey, in Columbus, Ohio, was ex- homed. The last-mentiones Bradley is one of the men in the employ ot Adams & Co., and who was in ostensibly been chioroformed, but has been uncer , suspicion ever since the robbery. He is now under | arrest. The case has been worked up by Allan | Pinkerton, of the National Detective Agency in Chi- | cago, and'Frederick Lovejoy, Assistant Superinten- dent of Adams Express Company in New York. TIED, GAGSED AND Ri On Saturday @ most audacious robbery was perpe- trated by two tramps in the town of North Hemp- stead, only a short distance from the Queens county court house and jail. About dark, as Mr. and Mrs. Williams were sitting in their doorway, two men the room trom which the ironey was taken. He had | {, tions or for other purpose Whatever, it will be seen that it has the power and, in some instances, the will to use it, Great Britain will therefore take notice that neither the Joint High Commussion, the President, Secretary of State Mor Senate can make aud exe- tion; but he was mistaken. The fourteenth and fife teenth amendments to the constitution follawea, and they hau no natural or legitimate connection ‘with its result. It did not follow, argues the Bn- quirer, that because the negro was free he should be @ voter, and that all the State constitutions should be changed to thatend. He had been tree im nalf the States before, but not a voter. General Sherman is now in the heart of Texas inspecting government works and looking after the morality of the government troops. Nothing has been heard of him since he left San Antonio, A Western paper says some of the leading politi- Clans are getiing hoggish im their propensities. More evidence of the truthfulness of the Darwinian doctrine. Some of the Southern papers are opposed to allow- ing the Tammany pouiticians to construc: the deme- cratic platform for 1872. Tammany is not particular who constructs the platform if her boys will be per- mitted to pick up the chips. A radical journal in Illinois says that thousands of the people of the city of New York are moving out of town into suburban localities, having become tired of Tammany rule. This is no new discovery. It is the case every summer. Thousands of people get tired of Tammany rule during the dog days and go off in the country, but they all return before the leaves begin to fall. The political campaign in Maine promises to be very exciting. The contest takes place in Septem- i cute a treaty. 16 will be seen that the ratitication of the treaty by the Senate in solemn secret session does not by any means complete or bind the bar- bain; and unless the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gives its consent there is no national obligation to rae the money or execute any portion of 18 ary. Our treaty-making friends must always keep in Mind the tact that the lower House of our national islature represents the people; that the Senate is not by any means a by rg sreoreh body, 11s mem- bers elected by the jislatures of their re- spective States, without much regard to, and often im direct opposition, to the will of the peuple. 1t comes to pass, therefore, that the people in :his con- test almost unanimously take sides with the House. 4 SOLD SUBEME. It must not be supposed for an instant that the President and Senate have been bind all this while to the uncomfortable fact that the House holds the key to the national Treasury. A scheme has at length been devised by which the treaty-making power can be used to raise amount of money, Not only without the aid of the House, but in spite of that body. Neither the President nor Senate can appropriate money from the Treasury, but it 1s now clalined that they can, under the treaty-making power, authorize the issue of and put upon the market any amount of United States bonds. By the new plan the President and Senate, in se- cret session, could double our national debt by an additional issue of United Stetes bonas without the knowledge of the House of Representatives, | necu hardly add that the new scheme for watering our national debt has been endorsed by the administra- tion penate, THE OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT. On the 5th of January last Senator Davis, of Ken- tucky, submitted a report from the Committee on Inaian Affairs, which was considered and agreed to, See penpel point of the report 1s in the following ‘words:— The Commnttee on Indian Affairs, to which was referred the communication of the Secr-tary of the Treasury to Cou- transmitting © copy of sae opinion of the ‘Attorney neral of the United States upon the claim of the Choctaw Nation of Indians for $250,000 of United States bonds, have had the same under consideration and report:—They have examined the opinion of the Attorney General, and concur with bim in his reasonings and conclusions. 1 a subsisting treaty between the United States and the taw Nation of Indians, which entities said nation to B25U,000 of bonds of the United States of America, and which re- quires the President to make and deliver that amount of said Donds to said Indian nations. This tre the suprem Jaw of the land, and the President is charged with its exec tion as @ ministerial function, He has full authority to ex cute that law by the making and delivery of those bonds, in compliance with the treaty, to the proper authorities of the ‘Choceaw Nation, There is no law whatever for the issue and pee? of these bonds, except a treaty made by the Presi- aent and ratified in Senate secret session; nay, more, the laws of Conzress approved July 3, 1862, and March 8, 1885, suspended the payments of money and delivery of bonds and other presents to the Choctaw Indians; but on 28th of April, 1366, the Senate in secret session made a treaty which claimed to repeal both laws and resume the pay- ments. The Senate and Attorney General concur in the statement that no other law is necessary. ‘They hold that the President may proceed to increase the national debt to the extent called for in the treaty, Without even the Knowledge, much less the sanction, of the House of upreeureuvent and in this in- stance in violation of two laws of Congress. THE SCHEME ENDORSED BY THE ADMINISTRATION. Lest I shonid do injustice to the administration I Wiil quote the exact words of the Attorney General's endorsement. He says:— ‘The serious question, however, dors not relate to the mean- ing, but to the authority of the treaty of 1866, ‘The statute of March 3, 1865, repeals the direction of tue Secretary of the ‘Treasury in the act of March 2, 1861, The treaty undertak to revive that direction, Ig such an act within its cor tency Attorney General Cushing, in 186, after a full examination of the subject, came to the conclusion that a treaty, assumn- ing it to be made comformadly to the constitution, bas the eifect of repealing all preexisting federal 1aws in conflict with i 78 :—"'The treaty power binding the will of the soaah within | . constitutional limits, be paramount ve er which is that will; or, jens, the treaty, must repeal ap antecedent contrary ment to pay money is certainly within the pro- treaty-making power, and I cannot perceive that such an engagement in beyond that province by the circumstance that it provides for issuing through the agency | Of e particular oflicer an obilgation to pay money at a parti- cular time: for auch, in effect, is a bond. ‘Can the Secretary of the Treasury issue the bonds without & new direction from Co In other words, is the treaty a aw for him, or can he know no laws except such as are passed by Congress? ‘The Secretary is an officer of the executive department of the government, It te established by a long course of au- thoritative opinion and conforming practices that, in mal cuaes, the Executive of the United States can execute the stipulations of & treaty without provision by act of Con- gress. In some instances this has been done as a General executive duty, when the treaty iteelf pointed out no particular mode of execution. This | waa the course taken tn case of Thomas Nash, otherwise called Jonathan Robb! the direction of President Adamp to the execution of the treaty with Great Hritain iM. An ‘at empt to bring the censure of Congress upon the President for this act was encountered by an argument from Chief Justice | Marshall, then a representative from Virginia, which exclu- | alvely estabitshed the power. In other cases’ the President | has acted when the mode of ection was pointed out In tho v. Tam aware of the distinction which has been taken be- ween auch treaties as do and such as do not import & con- tract, and of the current notion that, in the former case, ‘Congress mast act before the treaty can be execated. But the practice of the government in extradition treaties and in | Other sorts of international covenants has been at varinnoe ber, and commences the fall series of State eleo- tons. Governor Alcorn, of Mississippi, has vetoed a bill passed by the Legislature of that State partially om the grounds that it is “informal, contradictory, ex- travagant, unequal, inequitable and oppressive.” He says, also, that he has not time to enumerate nis insuperable objections to the bill. That must have been a pretty bad bill. The republican papers of Pennsylvania are bring- ing into use the old figures of majorities to prove that radical success is certain next fall. Politicat revolutions are seldom stopped by former results. The radical Ku Klux cry ts dying out in the South, Bloodhounds are kept in the vicinity of Washing- ton to look after horse thieves. A couple might be valuable around the White House to chase away ofice-hunters. * A demucratic county convention in Kentucky has nominated a man named Beabout for the Legisla- ture. If he will do about rignt it will prove abouts the best nomination that could have been made. The thorns that prick the Southern democratic newspapers are ‘‘scalawag politicians,” ‘‘carpet-bag” oMice-holders” and “‘uegro iegisiators.’” There are thirty-one republican papers in the State of Texas. The Ku Klux have never assisted in re- moving one of them. John P. Hale has nearly recovered his former health. It would not be surprising to see Mr. Hale again taking part in the political affairs of New Hampshire. A big row 1s brewing in Connecticut over the es- tablishment of the State capital permanently either in Hartfora or New Haven. ‘The crop of Presidential candidates was never so promising as it 1s at present, ‘The two candidates for Governor in Kentucky are stumping the State, THE PRESENT CONDITION OF MEXICO. [From the Two Republics, city ofgMextco, April 22. The HERALD of the United Si other of that, republic have already commenced @ say that if the alstur- Dances continue in Mexico the American government have to look to the necessity of # protectorate. We suppose that such indications must rest upon some foundation, aud although classed as visionaries, see the sky of the future very much clouded, and think tuat' the want of union and the petty. rae which divide, or rather with which it is hunght to divide, the Mexican people, will only produce biter frutt.—Correo del Commercio. We do not know of the foundations upon which rests the idea of the New York HERALD. We think, however, with the Corvvo that the sky of Mexico “is very much clouded;” and we feel sure, as our colleague onght to feel, that iM @ nation will not keep the peace within her boundaries it at least offers suitable pretexts for ambitious neighbors to encroach upon her tern- tory. There are two alarming features in this con- nection. une 1s that a considerable party in the United States believe that the United States have stoud before all the world as security for Mexico aud guaranteed her ability to sus- tain a free government, and have confronted all other nations who have attempted to interfere with her efforts in maintaining a republic. This paryy believe that when Mexico, after a fair trial, fails to maintain a steady and peaceful government, thas the United States is In duty bound to step in and se- cure to these people good government, protection of their national autonomy; to. maintain them in thete | property, personal and poittical rights, and to pre- serve peace if necessary under a “protectorate.’” ‘the over alarming feature is that the Mexicans are now in their greatest travail. The world ts looking on with the keenest interests to see if they can go through the trial, for once, of electing and installing @ President under constitutional provi- sions, free from force or revolution; the indications are that both force and revolution will be resorted vo by one or the other parties to obtain power; and in the event of sach a misfortune outsiders may seize this as their opportunity for intervention. ‘We do not pretend to say how numerous or power- fal such o party 1s, but its existence should be alarming to the patriots of the country, and stima- late them to renewed efforts to matntai thetr instt- tations without the infraction of the constitution; to avoid Tere aoa = = = dangerous complication of the aitairs 1 ation. Neither do we pretend to exaggerate angers of force and revolution being resorted to in this critical period. We have never been @ bird of ilk omen, and have invariably regarded Mexican affairs in the most hopeiul light. Yet the predictions and threats of revowution reach us from all sections, and apon ever; political: breese; partisans of almost every degree deciare tnat t 0 not expect a fair election, and that they will be compeiled to resort to force to maintain their rights. hen once an Appeal 1s made to arms Who 1a to be the judge of the Merits of the controversy? We repeat, we do not exaggerate the signs; but war's alarins, rank rebel- olutions are pending, and nothing lesa tin tote ot the greatest prudence, wisdom and. patriotisin of the leaders of parties can save the country {rom another severe, aud, we fear, the most unfortunace ordeal. with this notion, If the Executive may constitutionally execute » treat delivering persoun toa foreign jurisdiction, it may well feet authorized by the constitution to execute a Weaty ( vat pus lates for the jess important matter of isaning bonds. Waving ali discussion of the destrableness, on grounae of expediency, ot immediate authority from Ce tor ci long the road and requested some food, wiica er tinmediately furnished them. While the avtention of Mr. and Mrs. Wildams was drawn uway from the men they suddenly sprang upon them be- fore any resistance could be o! |, ed and gagged both, and then compelled them to show where tueir valuavies were kept. While they were jing up stairs Mra, Williams managed to get ene ive an alarm Scvameege, sureengan Seat $0 anak of n0eae wes by tue clunderers, ‘ongrens, and re- sponding ' your question according to my ‘yodaroens ‘of the Jaw of the case, Iam of opinion that you may lawfully issue the bonds to iné Ohoctawa. Very respectfully, your ovedtont servan' T. AKERMAN, Attorney General. Hon, ORonce 8. Bourweut, Seoretsry of the Treasury, President and According,t hen, te our new light the th apy foreign ir Kansas MURDER IN CONNECTIOUT.—On Wednesday morn- ing, while returning from a bail in this city te his home in Mystic, & young colored man by the name of Alfred Leo was muruered, or so bruised a jcked ag to dite in a few hours, by one or more of @ re party of roughs, on board Conductor Ripley's midnight train, between Groton. terry and ystic depot. A coroner's jury was summoned, and found & verdict In accordance with the facts, Lee livea with Wm. Batty, of Mystic River, at the time of hia untimely death, but was formerly Colonel Appel- man’s body guard, in the campaigns in which that a nurse, ae Une cause Of the country. mn New ‘.