The New York Herald Newspaper, March 13, 1871, Page 7

gion ts to die out altogether. We do nat be lieve that the pulpit possesses all the religiua of mankind, as Dr. Hall would have us sup- pose; nor that if the press should supersede the pulpit religion would be any nearer its death than it has been repeatedly in the his- tory of the Church when the pulpit had no press to contend against. We do not believe the “pulpit” and ‘‘religion” are synonymous terms any more than the ‘‘press” and ‘“‘re- ligion” are. We believe the press is doing the Master's service as faithfully and as effectually asthe pulpit, and we believe, furthermore, ‘that the purity and piety of the ministry to- day is very largely due to the elevating and stimulating influence of the press. And we believe, also, that as many tears have been shed and as much true sympathy manifested by audiences who have witnessed the presenta- tion of ‘Uncle Tom's Cabin” or the *‘Old Curi- osity Shop” on the stage as by any who have listened to the Doctor's thrilling eloquence or genuine pathos from the pulpit. If men were wholly spiritual then the pulpit might have the pre-eminence; but as we are intellectual and material beings also the press and the stage are as necessary and each in its sphere as serviceable as the pulpit. We remember that while the pulpits ‘of this land, North and South, were quoting the law and the prophets loudly and long in defence of slavery and in proof of its great antiquity and divinity, the press and the stage were holding it up before the light of day as “‘the sum of all villanies;” and they created that sublime public sentiment in the North which, rising like a mighty flood, swept it away from the land. The press, the pulpit and the stage, we repeat again, are co- ordinate agencies in the elevation of humanity, and it will not do for one, and that one in these days not the most useful or efficacious, to slander the others. At least before it does so it should be certain that its own record is pure and clean. The Era of Good Feeling. Now that the Franco-German war is ended, and that Germany is left to proceed with re- construction, and France left to decide upon her future form of government, the facts of the hour, so far, at least, as this people and nation are specially concerned, point to an era of peace, and, what is better, an era of good feeling. All things taken into account, the United States have never been in so high favor the wide world over as they are at the present moment, Our praises are being sung in every capital of Europe, and wherever in Asia or Africa or South America there is an inde- pendent government the representatives ef the United States are singled out for special honor. We have no reason to'say we are unworthy of the respect whfch is paid us. We have been at the trouble of teaching the world the excellence of republican institutions. We have experimented so successfully on the principle of self-government that we have become the object not merely of admiration, but of envy. When the war in Europe began the United States Legation in Paris was trusted more than all the Legations of the world combined. During the war Minister Washburne, who, to his own praise and the praise of his country, remained in Paris when the representatives of almost every other nation abandoned it, did noble service, not to the Germans alone, who placed themselves under his protection, but to almost every other nationality. He alone, of all: the foreign Ministers, comes out of this war with honor. We have no difference with any government but that of Great Britain, and to-day Great Britain, through a delegation which represents at once dignity and scholarship and good feeling, seeks in our national capital an honorable settlement of all outstanding questions as between the two governments and peoples on honor- able terms. We have not the slightest doubt that the Joint High Commission will suc- ceed in removing. all cause of difference from between the two governments and peoples. In other words, it is next to impos- sible to resist the conviction that the two great English speaking peoples have got over their latest and their greatest difficulty. The latest and not the least important piece of news from London is to the effect that, whereas the new Russian loan is despised and treated with worse than contempt at the Stock Exchange, the American loan is warmly en- couraged. These are all promising signs. At the pre- sent moment the world is sick of war. It is felt and confessed to be an unqualified curse. The universal desire is for peace. Nay, peace is loudly and imperiously demanded. What is now wanted to secure a lasting and world-wide peace is a good understanding between the two great English speaking peoples. They, more than all other peoples combined, represent the wealth, the intelligence, the enterprise, the progress of the world. United there is no force to resist them. Germany, as is well known, has enough on hand. France is fairly bound to keep the peace for at least—well, as long as she cau. Let us hope that thé spirit of the United States, which is peace and good will to all mankind—a spirit which is now fully shared by Great Britain—will soon extend over all the nations of the earth, and that the energies of the peoples will find sufficient scope for exercise in every form of rivalry but the rivalry of brutal war. All hail to the era of peace and good will! With the London Times on the one side of the big pond and the Nzw York Heratp on the other, and both of them sensibly regarding the higher interests of humanity, we cannot doubt that the era of good feeling is about to be success- fully established. Personal! Intelligence. Edmund Rice, from Minnesota, ts staying at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. A party of Japanese noblemen and suite have arrived at the Metropolitan Hotel. Their names are as follows:—Susuki Yasubay, Najata, Funta, Hac- Ainnota, Yoslinnora Morntake, Desima Matzo, Masu- dakahé, Kadoya. Lord Howard de Walden and Captain Forbes, of the British Army, have arrived from China and are Dow sojourning at the Hoifman House. Judge Nelson, of Poughkeepsie, ig stopping at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. General Winchester, from Pennsylvania, is quar- tered at the St. Nicholas Hotel. Senator Sprague, of Rhode Islana, ta at the Hort. man House, General James 8. Negley, of Pittsburg, has arrived at the Brevoort House, Nathaniel Paige, of Washington, ts at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, on a biter visit. NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, MARCH 13, 1871—TRIPLE SHEET. PARIS. Collapse of the Insurgent N: tional Guards. Montmartre Quiet and the Cannon Surrendered. Wholesale Suppression of Radical Newspapers. mimpaired Credit of the Bank of France. TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Lonpow, March 12, 1871. The following intelligence from Paris is forwarded for publication in the New York HERALD: — COLLAPSE OF THE MONTMARTRE INSURGENTS. The threatening demonstrations in Mont- martre have ceased, and the National Guards have surrendered all their cannon, RADICAL NEWSPAPERS SUPPRESSED. General Vinoy has issued orders suspend- ing the publication of the Vengeur, Mot @Ordre, Cri du Peuple, Caricature Pere Duchesne and Bouche de Fer. The publica- tion of new political or social economy jour- nals is forbidden. MILITARY DEOREES, The Offciel Journal contains a decree dis- solving certain heodquarter staffs of the army, approving the formation of regiments of infantry and urging the establishment of camps of instruction. CIRCULATION OF THE BANK OF FRANOE NOTES. The Semaine Financiére says the total circulation of notes of the Bank of France last September was 1,774,000,000 francs, and now it is 2,000,000,000. Notwithstanding the loans made to the government, the credit of the bank has not suffered, The notes are everywhere accepted at par. ANTI-GERMAN MOVEMENTS. The Syndical Chambers of Commerce have decided that no German shall be employed in the trades of Paris. HEALTH OF PARIS. The health of the city is improving. GENERAL REPORTS. M. Thiers and Cabinet Expected in Paris. The German Evacuation of Ver- sailles Delayed. TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD, Lonpvoy, March 12, 1871, Advices from France for the New York HeERatp contain the following information :— EXPECTED IN PARIS. President Thiers and all the members of the government are expected in Paris to-morrow, POLITICAL APPOINTMENTS, The Marquis de Banneville has been ap- pointed French Ambassador at Vienna, and M. Mettetal Prefect of Police. THE GERMAN EVACUATION OF VERSAILLES. A despatch from Paris dated to-day states that the Germans will evacuate Versailles to- morrow, and the French troops will immedi- ately occupy the place, Advices from Ger- ™man sources, however, report that in conse- quence of the lack of sufficient transportation, the railways being overcrowded with war materials, the Germans will remain a few days longer at Versailles. TO RETURN HOME. The French soldiers interned in Switzer- land will return immediately to France. THE FRANCO-GERMAN RIOT Details of the Disturbance in Zurich. FOUR KILLED AND MANY WOUNDED. Rioters to Be Court-Mar- tialed. TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Lonpow, March 12, 1871. I forward for the information of the New York Herarp the following intelligence, being the latest accounts of the Franco-Ger- man riot at Zurich, Switzerland. THE ATTACK UPON THE GERMANS. A party of German gentlemen and ladies, numbering about nine hundred, assembled in the Tunhalle of Zurich on the 9th to celebrate the conclusion of peace between France and Germany. While the festivity was in progress the building was attacked by some French officers and Gardes. Mobiles. The Germans defended themselves, and in the fight many were wounded on both sides, The troops were called out and suppressed the disturbance after making a number of the assailants prisoners. ATTEMPT TO RESCUE PRISONERS. The French officers and men attempted to resene their friends from prison on the night of the 10th, when the troops fired upon them, killing four and wounding many others, The troops around the prison were strengthened by four battalions and two batteries, and quiet wasrestored, A court-martial is now impend- ing. THE EMPEROR WILLIAM. Herald Special Report from Amien: The Emperor of Germany Seriously Indisposed, TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Lonpon, March 12, 1871. T have received the following despatch from the New York Heraxp special correspondent at Amiens, dated on yesterday. Your corre- spondent says:— THE EMPEROR WILLIAM SIOK. The Emperor of Germany is seriously indis- posed and will be unable to German army stationed here, as was his in- tention, The Prince Imperial of Germany will review the troops. —. MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGY ITEMS. review the It was believed in Alsace that the National Assem- bly at Bordeaux would vote for the annexation of France to the United States to prevent the loss of Alsace and Lorraine by placing these provinces un- der American protection. During thé late war the Germans established 265 post ofices for their own use im dilferent places of the invaded French territory, Last year 10,108 diferent books on science, art, literature, &c., were published in Germany. The Empress of Germany has congratulated the poet Grillparzer at the celebration of his eightieth birthday. The mitrailleuse has been introduced into the Danish artillery. Tne Catholics of Tyrol have prepared an address 1m favor of the temporal power of the Pope. All the professors of a college in Strasbourg and their families were expelled by the Prussians and compelled to leave Alsace at forty-eight hours’ notice, The Pope has recetved 1,100,000 francs as the pro- ceeds of the Peter's pence collected during the month of January, 1871. M. Laurier, lately a member of the Gambetta Ministry, has, it 1s said, bought the Grand Hotel in Paris for $1,000,000, As he had but little property before the war, his honesty is doubted. A monument of Schiller ts in the course of erec- tion at Vienna, Austria. The Neue Freie Presse has it that General Sickles, in handing his credentials to the new King of Spain, delivered an address in Spanish, at which the King was much esbarrassed, as he could not reply in that language. ART NOTES. Brooklyn Art Association. The secona reception of the eleventh season of this association will take place to-night at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, The vilicers of the Association are E. S, Mills, president; E. J. Lowber, vice president; L. Ford, secretary; H. B. Smith, treasurer. The executive committee consists of E. J, Lowber, H. Sanger, R. W. Huvbard, J. 0. Low and J. J. Van Nortrand. James Fairman. The studio of Bir. Fairman, at Dedwworth Build- ing, on Fifth avenue, was thronged with visitors on the 7tu, Sth and 9th Instant when five of the most recently finished landscapes by the artist were ex- hibited—Pleasant River Valley; The Sun and Sea, at Gloucester Point; Island Grove, on the Andro- scorgin; Hudson River, near Tivoli, and The Ocean Breeze. All of these works are the fruit ef conscientious studies and tilustrate the fact that our landscape painters need not go to “the uttermost ends of the earth’ to find scenery full of beauty and impressiveness, The acknow- ledged superiority of many American landscape painters is largely due to the Irresistible inspiration of scenery unsurpassed by that of any other coun- try. Eastman Johnson. The latest and perhaps tne best production of Mr. Johnson, “The Old Stage Coach,” of which we re- cently gave a detatled description, was exhibited on Friday last at Goupil’s gauery, on Fifth avenue. All who saw it agreed that the unanimous praises be- stowed upon it by the press are not exaggerated, Ficture Exhibition nat the Union League Club. The practice which several of the leading clubs tn { New York have adopted of providing for a picture exhibition at each of their monthly meetings Is at once a cause and an effect of increasing Interest in art. Among the works exhibited at the last monthly meeting of the Union League Club were very notice- able pictures by S, R. Gitford, Kensett, Bristol, Loop, Cropsey, Sonntag, Tiffany, Hope, Perry, Brown, Satterlee, Henry, Smith, R. Swain Gifford, La Farge Hicks, J. H. Beard, G. 4. Hall, Juilan Scott, Carter, Holberton, Pope, Mrs. J. H. Beer, Mrs, E. Selguin and Otto Weber. The Avery Collection. On Saturday evening the artists and members of the press were invited by Mr. S. P, Avery, one of the most tasteful and experienced of American collectors of works of art, to a private view at the Somerville gallery on Fiith avenue, of pictures and French bronzes, Japanese, Chinese and European curtosities in silver, glass, porcelain, ivory and lacquer, and antique furniture, te be exhibited free to the public until the 20th or 2ist of March, when they will be offered for sale, previous to the departure of ihe present owner for Europe. Church, Durand, Boughton, S. R, Gifford, Guy, Kensett, Eastman Jounson, J. M. Hart, J. G. Brown, Casilear, Thorn, W. T. Richards, W. H. Beard, the late Thomas Cole, Whittreage, Henry, Shattuck, C. C. Ward, Lampdin, Hubbard, Bellows, McEntee, Homer, Pecle and other well known American artists, as well as Saal, Meyer, Trayer, Herzog, Learel, Muller, Brion, Anker, Lambinet and a number of foreign artists are repre- sented in the collection, which, if not so remark- able as the one exhibited by Mr. Avery after nis re- turn from the Paris Exposition, is nevertheless worthy of special attention on the part of picture buyers and artists. Rotherm “Battle of Gettysburg.” The “Battle of Gettysburg,”’ by Mr. P. F. Rother- mel, 1s the largest, and, according to the Philadel- phia journals, one of the finest battle pieces painted for many years by an American artist. it 1s now on exhibition in Philadelphia. The example set by the Legislature of Pennsylvania in commissioning Mr. Rothermel to paint this historical picture might well be followed by the Legislatures of other States, The picture represents the moment on the third de- cisive day when Colonel Haskell tells General Meade that the enemy are being repuised, and the General exclaims, ‘Thank God!” J, Roy Robertson. Mr. J. Roy Robertson, vice president of the Palette Club, leaves to-day for Albany, where he ts to paint the portrait of Judge Chase, of the Court of Appeals, and to fill otner important commissions, By the strong mdividuality of Ris portraits, as well as by their accuracy in drawing and their splendid color, Mr, Robertson has won an enviable reputa- tion both in Europe and at home, A BROTHER'S REVENGE. { Lockport Shot and Killed for Seduciion--A Brother Avenges His Sister’s Wrongs. Locgrort, N. H., March 12, 1871, William Bullock, of the frin of Bullock Brothers, ‘Was shot dead last evening on the corner of Main and Prince streets, in this clty, by Arthur F, Pierce. Five shots were fired at Bullock, two of which took effect. Breaking off promises to and betrayal of Plerce’s sister are said to have been the causes of the shooting. Pierce belonged to this tal but lat- terly has resided in Chicago, and has berevofore borne an excelient character. He ts now in jal. Bul- lock moved tn respectable circies here. adair bas caused mush excitement SPANISH = REVOLUTIONISM. Herald Special Report from Madrid. Serious Political Agitation in Various Districts of the Kingdom. The Mayor and Officers of Alicante in Fatal Collision With an Armed Mob. King Amadeus’ Trip to Meet the Queen Suspended. The Animating Sentiment of the Tbherian “Reds.” TELESRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Lonvon, March 12, 1871, T received a brief, but very significant and important special telegraph letter from the HERALp correspondent in Madrid this morning, and proceed to forward its contents to New York by cable report. The Hxratp special writer dates in the Spanish capital on the 11th instant, in the evening, and says:—The political agitation is extending and becoming more fierce in differ- ent portions of the kingdom. I have to announce to-day the preva- lance ef serious in the provinces. In ‘the city of Alicante the insurgents, for they may be classedjvery fairly as such, have come into direct collision with the authorities. The members of an armed mob have just fired on the Mayor of the town when he was, at the head of the municipal officers, engaged in the dispersion of u tumultuous assemblage, riotous disturbances Some few lives were lost during the en- counter, The candidates of the electoral opposition who are seeking for seats in the Cortes are obtaining a triumph in many of the parlia- mentary districts in consequence of the ex- istence of this condition of affairs. THE KING ANXIOUS; OR INTIMIDATED? His Majesty King Amadeus remains in the capital, having suspended his preparations for the purpose of making a trip to Alassio to meet the Queen Maria Victoria, who is now convalescent from her recent attack of illness, but awaits the advent of her husband before she journeys onward towards Madrid, Tho Radical Revolutionary Impulse. In continued explanation of the sentiment and feeling which animate and move the democracy and revolutionary “Reds of Spain against King Amadeus and toward another change of govern- ment, it is proper to refer to the contents of a republican circular, which has been republished in. different cities of the kingdom and which made its appearance first at the moment of Prim’s death. ‘rhe political authors say:—Doubt and hesitation in the state to which public aifairs have arrived are true national crimes, Is there any Spantard who Would doubt and hesitate before the coup d'état of apetty dictator? 1f so that Spaniard 1s a coward, ag base and, unworthy citizen, a degenerate and miserable man—a wretch. Are there any weak and pusiiammous souls, who prefer their individual comfort and that of their family, Sustained and shel- tered in ignominy and humiliation, to the dangers of the defence of the country? Such poor and paltry souls are already judged by the revolutionary cou- scienci There are those who hide their cow- ardice under the lying cloak of a scrupulous conscience, spoiling the best projects, expecting everything from the gun of the soldier and nothing from the axe of the revolutiouists. Those cowards will be swept away by the popular hurricane. The country is in danger. Are there any of its sons who will deny its glorious origin? Who is the son who does not feel his brow and his heart ache on looking 1n the face of his mother, spit upon and buffeted, her loftiness humiliated, and ner honor defamed by an intruder—a foreign tyrant? What shall we do? Shall we wait? Shall we permit that a tyrant from ltaly shall enslave the yalorous Spanish people, and the #spana con honra free and independent ? Eternal ignominy and reproach to the indifferent and cowardly, who by their iniifference and thetr cowardice make themsclves accomplices and par- ticipants im the national crime! Spanish citizens, the country is in danger. “To arms! Down with the existing order of things! Vivd the honored Spanish army! Viva the national sovereignty ! Viva the revolution!’ To the republicans of Madrid—It is necessary to fix tne proper moment for the armed struggle. The republican party of Madrid will initiate or second, as may be agreed, the revolutionary movement, which, to the cry of “Down with the existing government ! Away with the foreigner |? will conclude the umworthy farce which dishonors and impoverisnes us. The men of the Combate recommend te their brethren in Madrid subordination and energy, and will give them due warning of the fitting moment. THE ST. DOMINGO COMMISSION. Arrival of the Tennessee and Nantasket at Kivgston—The Performance of the Tennes- see—Commissioners Preparing Separate Re- ports—Operations Against Baez Prevented by the Crew of the United States Ship Con- gress—Baez Takes the Field in Person Against Cabral—Cabral Not Seen by Any Ono Attached to the Commission, but He Has Been Heurd From—Letters for the Commission. Via HAVANA. The United States steamers Tennessee and Nan- tasket, with the members of the St. Domingo Com- mission, arrived here to-day by way of Port au Prince. All are well on board both steamers. The Tennessee will sail in four days for New York, by way of Key West. The performances of the Tennessee have delignted everyoody. The fears of her condition are not shared by those on board, and her officers regard her as one of the strongest ships in the navy, Each Commissioner is preparing the draft of his report, and as yet the separate drafts have not been compared. Upon most points of the resolution of Congress the reports of the Commissioners will show a condition of affairs faverable to annexation, Before the Commission left Bayti Luperon, who is one of Cabral’s generals, made a hostile demon- stration against Monte Christi, but the crew of the United States man-ol-war Congress checked the demonstration. President Baez accompanied the Commissioners on the Tennessee to Azua, where he was to take per- sonal command of the forces operating in that quar- ter against Cabral. Cabral sent messengers to the Commissioners while they were in Hayti, but he did not visit them, nor has he been seen by any one attached to the Commission. KINGsTox, Ja., March Sead THE DARDANELLES. THE RESTRICTIONS OF TRAVEL. Correspondence from the United States Legation at Constantinople Relating to the Passage of the Straits of Dardanelles and Bosphorus by the Ships of Other Nations, WASHINGTON, D. C., March 12, 1871, ‘The President recently communicated to the Sen- ate a Message, in compliance with the resolution of the 2d instant, with corresponde! ‘om the Lega tion of the United States from Constantinople, lating to the restrictions on the passage of the straits of Dardanelles and Bosphorus by ships of other nations, Mr, McVeagh wrote the following to Mr. Fish, dated Legation of the United States, Con- stantinople, January 24, 1871 (received Februar; 1871):— Sim—In view of the conference now in session at London 29 And the prominence which has been recently given to the | restrictions affecting the navigation of the Straita of the Bos- phorus and the Dardanelles, ft has occurred to me that you might possess, in the convenient form of a despatch, a state- ment as well Of the restrictions themselves as of the grounds ch they rested, view of this qui consideration is the noriaily to the geographical Constantinople. “On the west ¢ Dardanelles connect the Sea of Marmora with the Greek Archipelago. On the eaat the nar- Tow Straits of the Bosphorus connect the Sea of Marmora with the Black Sea. From the beginning of the one State to the end of the other the shores on both sides belong exelu- sively to the Ottoman empire, and its capital and chief city at the meeting of the waters bf the Straits of the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmora. This site is asserted to be practi cally incapable of detence against an attack by a naval foree except at the two entrances or straits which have. b named, and it i8 also asserted that the absolute nec sity of,fortifying and defending these entrances, aa the only means of securing the safety of Constantinople trom attack by sea, was recognize 1 centuries before the conquest of the country by the Ottoman Suitans, and that the same necea- sity has been constantly asserted and maintained ever since, In this view all the waters connecting the Greek Archipelago with the Black Sea are mee m, and only navigable by the consent of and under the restrictlo posed hy the government of the Ottoman re. Tho question of this Corsent and of these restrictions naturally divides itself. Brat In reference to vessels of commerce, ana, secondly, in reference to vessels of war. As regards both these classes the Ottoman none, alleges that its policy has been unt- form and as liberal aa a proper regard for its own safety would allow, and that its conduct in the exercise of ita un- doubted rights of control over these counecting waters, has often received, as it has always desired, the cordial recogni - tion and approval of all fr Power 18 to navigate theae connecting ni certainly. the conceastous to 3 appear tobe very liberal and comprehensive when the treaties: SORORPRE: these privileges: are compared with the contemporary poilctes of ‘nd Christian nations on the subject of foreign trade, The earliest treaty between the empire and any Western nation of which [ bave knowledge was concluded with ‘The right of merchant v France 1m 1535. Itextended the fullest liberty of navigation to the subjects of France in all the waters of the empire, and provided that vessela coming to Constantinople and desirin, to return should only be stopped mt the Stra the Dardenelles. ‘The treaty also afforded to the Pope, King of England and the King of Scotland the option of be- coming parties to it and thereby securing the same privilege for their subjects. In the next century, 1675, the capituin- tions granted to Great Britain recognized the same absolute liberty of navigation as was secured by the treaty with France, and considerably enlarged the privileges ‘of foreign merchants in the empire. They also expressly commanded that the oid “canon of search” id be executed ‘tat the es in the ports only, and no where else,” the term tles”” meaning, I suppose, the fortress of the Dardeuelles. In the following’ century, 1747, the treaty with Tuscany allowed “its merchants to ‘enter With their vessels any of the ports subject to the Imperial Turk, to sail backward and forward al there pleasure, expose thelr goods for sale quit the #old port in safety and security."? It also provided that “sald merchants, having obtained. the usual license and certificate, shall not be detained on their voyaye upon arriv- ing at the Btraits of the Hellespont, more generally known as the Dardanelles.” ‘The three treaties to wuich I have al believed to be fair specimens of the numerous and lengthy commercial conventions concluded by the Ottoman empire, from the inception of treaty relations with the Christ powers to the period when the tent efforts of Ru succeeded in anuexing to her do- minions a large portion of the noriuern coast of the empire. Untii that conquest was effected the passage of foreigm merchant vessels seems not to have been contemplated beyond Constantinopie. At least I have not observed avy allusion to such w contingency in any treaty of a previous date. ‘seem to have been as- sumed that foreign merchal Is would come only as far as the capital and return in making this voyage, according to the treaty 1 ny in 1747, they were re- quired only to submit to examination in port, and to atop to deliver the proper liggnge or trian aud vertilewte at tbe Dardanglen eT n oe -e ‘thé first mention of the passage of the Straits of the Bos- phorus, and the consequent navigation of the Black Sea, ccura’in the historic treaty of Katnardji, whereby: Russia secured the southern seacoast she had ao lon; coveted. ‘That treaty, called by the late Emperor Nicholas “be ‘glorious treaty,” granted in ample terms the free pas- of the Bosphorus to the merchant vessels of Russia, @ convention (1779) explanatory of the treaty of Kain- ard)i the tonnage of the Ru: which are to enjoy the rights theretofore grante, y the tonnage of the vessels of other nations “which come by th t mora to Constantinople." In the treaty of commerce (1788) between Russia and the Porte tue liberty of navigation there granted is expressed in even broader terms, and the Porte obliges itself to deliver ant vessels going either through the Bosphorus or through the Dardanelles, to re their unobstructed passage through those straits re- tively. he navigation of the. Bosphorus and the Black Sea thus accorded to the merchant vessels of Russia was extended to of Austria tn 1781, to ity to those ot France in 18v3 and to those of Pru: in 18 while in 1826, in a convention with Russia explanatory of the treaty ‘of Bucharest, the Porte agreed to accept the good oflices of Russia to seciire permission to enter the Black Sea for ships of triendly Powers which had not yet obtained this privilege for their commerce. ‘This convention wi aot Mar however, svon followed by war be- tween the two empires, aud the war was closed by Ue historic treaty of Adrianople in 1529, whereby the broadest possible terma were employed to seciire an absolutely free and unob- structed navigation of all the waters connecting the Greek Archipelago with the Black Sea for the mercnant vessels of all the world. ‘The language employed could hardly be Tendered ‘more comprehensible by human ingenuity, Te declares that “full and entire freedom of traae” by sea and land shall not be molested nor fettered in any way or under any pretext, nor in consequence of any regulation or mea- 8 jislation. e, whether of public government or internal le; Sublime Porte engages, moreover, to take esp at the trade and navigation of the Black Sea shall be Impeded in no way whatsoever. For tiis purpose ft admits and declares the passage of the straits of Constanti- nople” (the Bosphorus) “and that of the Dardanelles to ve entirely free and open” to veasels under the merchant flag of any Vower e with the Porte; and it engages d to no hindrance or annoy- to the “full freedom of trade e and anvil In the following year (1830) our own treaty was conclu with the Porte, securing to us all the privileges of the m favored nations, and providing tbat “the merchant vessels of the United States shall have liberty to pass the canal of the impertal residence" (the Bosphorus), “and go and come in tha Black Sea.” Our treaty of commerce (1862) contains upon this subject only the clause usually inserted in commercial treaties concluded in recent years with the Porte, “The the United States, the Bosphorus, firma required for merchant vessels on passing through the Dardanelles a ‘The last mails from the United States missed the Commission. Letters for the expedition should be forwarded immediately to Key West, in time to meet the Tennessee on her arrival, MAILS FOR EUROPE. The steamship Westphalia will leave this port on Tuesday for Queenstown and Liverpool. The mails for Europe will close at the Post Office at eleven o'clock A. M. Tus New York HERALD—Edition for Eurepe— will be ready at half-past nine o'clock in the morning. Meaagie copies, ln wravvers for mailing, six gents, § part deslares it.to be ways be delivered in such manner as to uccasion to sbalt a however ample, is subject to proper regulations of polic and of health; but the language of the treaty of Adrianople and of the common clause of recent treaties respecting ir- , which I quoted from our own treaty of 1862, a(foi conclusive evidence that regulations for these purpc puld be framed so as to-cause the lightest possible annoy- ance to commerce. Unfortunately such fs not the cane. 1 regulations in force are antiquate A merchant vessel pai ck Sea is obliged to her bill of health, to stop at Constantinople to procure a firman for her Eastern passage, and to stop at the Bospho- rus to deliver it; and the same vessel, upon return- ing, is obliged to stop at the Bosphorus to exuubit her bill of health, to sto tt Constantino }o obtain another firman for Westward passage, and to stop at the Dardanelles to deliver it, as neither strait can be entered nor either firman obtnined. ‘At night these six stoppages would consti- tute a very serious detention, even if they did not in many auae the logs of favorable winds and thua entail more delay. Upon some occasions, also, by reason of them, danger is added to delay. It 1s’ confidently asserted that for all these injurious restrictions smail steamboats, stationed by day and. by night at each strait, and conveying an officer of police aud an ollicer of quarantine to each ves: sel desiring to pass, would afford a complete substitute ; that they would aecuro every object now attained by the Vorte and with greater certainty; that er, we t the same, time obviate every reasonable ground of complaint, and that the foreign commerce of these straits would cheertully, and jadiy, bear the slight additional burden necessary to very defra; penses of the proposed wervice. on to consider the whole subject was insti- foreign legations, and an elaborate report was it 1a belteved ‘A commis tuted by the presented by that commission, April 16, 1870. that if an earnest and united rienced in securing its adoption. ever, unanimity. is hardly” attainable matic body accredited here. “It t# not ¢ that jealonsy of the induence of other nations coul fome members of it, walle a general pollcy to disintegration rather than of amelioration might influence others; but, in fact, agreerpent is not easily reached. Until it is reacned It does not seem to me to be just to hold this government re- ie for inaction. No serious objection 1s made to the which the Porte claims or to the duties it exacts, The mode of asserting and exact- ing them | only 9 objectionable. Until, therefore, the representatives of the more enlightened — natio interested can agree in suggesting a better mone, it is not surprising that this government, which is essentially one of routine, adheres to {ts ancient usages. Indeed, the con- duct of the Porte in many reapects affecting fortign trade and tie uniform ianguage of {ts commercial treaties would appear to justify the assertion of Count Cavour during the conference in Paris 1n 1866, that “no Power possesses acom- mercial legislation of a more liberal character than Turkey.” hile, however, as we have seen, these connecting waters are free’ and open to the merchant ships of the world, sub- ject only to regulations of police and health, with retereace to the second branch of the inquiry, vessels of war, the exact contrary fs the case in time of peace; no war vessel ot any nation fs allowed to enter those cunvecting waters On the east the fortress of the Bosphorus and on the west the fortress of the Dardanelles prohibit aud deny such entrance to war flag of any nation, however friendly to the Sub- Ime Porte. This prohibition is of immemorial observ: And as taken its place in pubic law under tne ancient rule of the Ottoman empire, and it ts recognized by Mr. Wheaton in his authoritative treatises upon international law. The earliest incorporation which have observed of “the ancient rule” in the text of a treaty: occurs in the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1808, and its presence there 1s probably owing to the fact that {a 1307 an’ English fleet had forced the passage of the Dardanelles, and for the first ime in the history of the empire a hostile naval flag had been visible (rom the wails of Stambou!. The eleventh article of the treaty recites that tt has been from all time denied to vessels of war to enter either the Bos- phorus or the Dardanelles, and Great Britain promisea tor the future to respect this ‘ancient rule of the empire.” ‘The next mention of the audject isin the secret article of the famous,treaty of alliance with Russia, Unkiar Skeleasi, 1888, whereby the Porte Straits of Dardanelle, 90 as uot to allow any foreign vessel of war to enter therein under any pretext whatever.” Thts treaty was the price paid for the assistance of Russia in re- polling the aggressions of Mehemet Ali, and the treaty was Concluded wie a Russian squadron ‘was anchored In ‘the Bosphorus and ® Russian army was encamped on its shores. ‘The next allusion to the subject is in the conveotion of Lon- don for the pacification of the Levant, 184), wherein the four allies of the Sultan declare that their temporary Protection of Constantinople and the atraits in question no mat the “ancient rule of the nner dt from mee the “galtan his be bis ‘erm Gevormination to atotaia intact spor rights watch the future as in the past. Tae recent! pusstaned fite of fore Palmerston, edited by Sir Henry” wer, who formerty ambasaator here, given a very {overeating of the negotiat this convention. ‘Then followed, ag i known, the C aged of the Dardanelles conoluded |. whereby “the I vale of Ole man empire, prohibiting at afi ti ple raed poy to owe ndon July 13, frou entering the § the Bosphorus," received in Ject, only the formal and solemn Ausiria, France, Prussia and Russia. By the third arth of the “treaty the Porte reserved the right to commun! treaty to all the Powers’ with whioh (mendly relations. Accordingly a circular was de Porte, March 5, 1842, to the foreign represent: ‘at Constantinople, for trauamisalog ‘aments, reciting the convention and ervance by each nation of ‘the anctemt thereby confirmed. This circular was mitted to Washington by Commodore Porter, then pring thie mission, April. 16, 1843. It only remains to adit that the Convention of the Darda- nelles was re-enacted in terms and annexed to tho Treaty of Paris of 1856, and that an exception haa alway: “the rule” in question In favor of arm size viniting the Porte by pel 2, OF ip OF attached to the service of the for- tantinople. that the closing of th oat t ment oF Y my the Powers recognizing it, but ry Nght of the Ottoman empire; and while six great Powers Paris, in 1850, recognized this taage, It ix not known Chat ag Power, at any me, has ever questioned either its propriety or ita validity. 1 need hardly thin despate that Thave neither aimed nor expected arniah you avy Informaiion you do talmply to provide you with a conver the actual condition of these two atralte, ports, thrown open to the mercantile re finally and in perpetuity mter+ war, MACY RAGI. TO MB, FISIL : (Received Keb. 4, 1871.) UNITED STATES LEGATION AT CONBTANTINOPT Jan. 27, Srm—By an oversight [ omitted to add in my despatch No, 98, on the subject. o! r f the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus auch achange In the ies as would reinstate tin what it deem table control over these straits. As long as Rusale. b could be no need ta portance of this eifort is apparent, no vessels of war in the Black Sea the! © pen these straits to the vessels of war of other nations; but circumstances may well occur hereafter, even witholit for aa declaration of war, In which it would be very of » trusted ing to this government to have the te anchored in the Bosphorus. Ta other words, if Russi be free to use her ports and harbors as she pleases the Porte will desire also to be free to make auch use of the Straits as shall keen to her wise and prudent. If this resultts reached Thave no doubt that the ancieng rule of exclusion of shina of war will be m the safely of rn tas ntained, except when a prudent regard for apital dictates ame other course, THE SOUTH CAROLINA TROUBLES. Fight Between Negro Militia and Mounted Whites, EIGHT OR TEN NEGROES KILLED, The Rest Chased Twenty Miles Into a Federal Camp. Governor Scott Disarming the Col- ored Wien. CHESTER, S. C., March 12, 1871. After the encounters that took place aere on Mone day and Tuesday the negro militia retreated, under the guise of disbanding, and when ata point eight miles northwest of here fired upon A BODY OF MOUNTED WHITES who were on their way home. There were but few casualties at the first fire, but soon afterwards the whites rallied and a brisk Nght ensued, The negroes were charged and routed by the whites, who were armed, and it is pow reported that eight or ten negroes were killed, as that number of graves have since been seen in the vicinity of the battie ground, A portion of the whites, er supposed Ku Klux, en- gaged in this encounter are sald to have pursued the defeated militia to York county, keeping up @ skirmish sort of fight the entire distance of over twenty miles. In this pursuit @ large number of the negroes were captured and disarmed, twenty only succeeding in reaching the camp of the United States troops at Yorkville, where they found protection and where they remain. Investigations made by both the United States officers here and the civil au- | thorities trace THY ORIGIN OF THE PRESENT DIFFICULTIES “S toa point near Captain Wilkes’ plantation, twelve miles northwest of here, named Baton Kouge town- ship, Where some militia, numbering about twelve, were being drilled by a negro officer, They had @ sentinel on post, who fired apon a passing party of whites, wounding one of the number severely, Thig brought about retaliation, and the disturbances above alluded to took place in rapid succession. It Was more than a matier of astonishmentthe rapide ity with which retnforcements arrived from points in North Carolina and places in this State at a con- siderable distance. A Major Reister (white), who ts a Northern adventurer, and whom all acknowledge to be an unprincipled man, is charged by both pare ttes as the Instigator of all this disturbance, He haa since fled. The report gent from Columbia stattag that a colored officer of militla was hanged, and giv. ing that as the origin of the disturbances, ts false, vernor Scott, upon the recommendation of the ited States officers here, has sent an agent to DISARM THE MILITIA, which was commenced to-day. AS iong as roving bands of armed negroes, under tne authority of the government, go depredating through the country, the United States oificers say there can be no law nor order, but as soon as the negroes are disarmed and have returned to their proper avocations, there will be peace. ‘There is still a great deal of excite- ment, but with the disarmament of the negro militia law and order will be restored. I fina that the whites are armed wit a superior sort of the same rifle as the militia, and but few in this and the sor- rounding counties can be found without their weapon of offence and defence. There is no news from York county to-day. Everything ts reported quiet in that section, The Troubles Subsiding—The Negroes Invited to Lay Down Their Arms and Retare Home. CHARLESTON, S. C., March 12, 1871, The troubles between the whites and negro militia in Chester county are subsiding. The citizens in @ public meeting have pledged protection to all ne groes who lay down their arms and return quickly to their homes. There is now a strong force of United States regulars in the county, At the tnvt- tation of Governor Scott @ number of leading citi- zens from vartous sectiens of the State will meet im Columbia to consult with him as to the best means of preventing a recurrence of these disorders. VIEWS OF THE PAST. MaROH 13, 1858—Orsini and Pierri, the attempted assassins of the Emperor Louis Napoleon, executed im Paris. President left New York for 1841—The steamship Liverpool, and was never again heard from. Duke of 1509—Battle of Jarnac, France, occurred. 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