The New York Herald Newspaper, September 7, 1870, Page 4

eed HE WAR SERTIEDET Due Univerial Topio—The New French Repub. lio—Excitement Among All Classes—ihe Kewsboy Balble—No Friends for Nepoleon. IH THIS crrvy, | weeeattanse Of more fan ordinary Ins! ant intolligenos, “everybody in varia Nas all Ze tine being expecting ze republic and now it has come nobody complaius.” Thero is mock truth in the observation. Napoleon's throne was felt as fouling on @ slender substructure, and vow vant claim, “just as IT told you.” For tho heroism of the ene troops who stood up against euch overwnelming nu nbera, there were many teara of pity and admiration shed, and for poor MacMahon a deop, abiding sorrow was expressed. “For he our star of hope,” warmly exciaimed a Frenchman, Never since the first Bull Run, the surrender | goxceur YOR THE SENR¥IT OF THB FRENCH of Leo, or the announcement of Abraham Lincoln’s Resagsination, was tere such profound and univer- WOUNDED, To sustain tn 4ome measure the nonle and self- sacrificing cause which a watm Christian charity gal exoliement exhibited throughout the city a8} has started at the capital of France, tho french of ‘here has been for the past two days by all classes of people of every nationality, Saturday last no doubt jmmense interest was foit in the ows which every | 0' bulletin board in the city contained of McMahon's and Napoleon's surrender, wory Many, even of our German population, who ‘distrusted the fact of the sudden and violent col fapse sustained by the empire, So many canards, Bo many silly and absurd despatches had already deen seut across the cable tn relation to the tre ‘men ous conflict im France, tbat a natural reluctance ‘was shown to accept thia latest, most sudden and Most momentous despatch of all. ‘To those who gave some time and attention to the ptudy of the long pending struggle between France and Prussia, who realized the one great element of ‘weakness in the former and the deep, concentrated Btrength of unity, purpose and. patriotism in the Tater, tt was 9 matter of no extraordinary surprise that the weak frame of the empire was shattered to by the terrible and peraistent blows of its ad- , But to people who gave but ® casual glance at the critical relations between those two .most formidable Powers of the Old World, nothing pppeared more astounding than that the great em- pire of France, which had grown so formidable in mullitary, political and commercial power under the rule of Napoleon the ILI., should succomb tn a@ few short weeks to what was deemed a weaker and far lesg pretentious nation. Saturday last the feeling up to a late hour of tho evening was curfously com- pounded of the most bewilderiug surprise and in- creduilty. The Germans, to a majority, perhaps, placed implicit reliance in KING WILLIAM'S DESPATCH, and celebrated the grand triumph accordingty. Americans, for the most part, accepted the news with some grains of allowance, and held it so:rcely crodthie the end could have come so Boon, Through- out Suuday, however, bub more especially when | early Monday morning te despatches of the HERALD left the matter no longer ta doubt that the empire had recelved tts coup de grace at Sedan, one universal feeling prevalled throughout the city that the advent ofa republic in France was at hand, and “personal governinent”’ was swept away forever, AMERICAN PEELING, a ! In consequence of tnis unanimity of belief the | Ceepest possibie interest was evinced to learn what was oa aed in the capitai of France. Every American heart throbbed at the thought that such @ | government as that under which we hve would at Jast and jor all time be estadiisacd in Burope—ostab- | lished, too, in & country great aud intelligent enough | to understand and apy)! 2 republican priaciples, and brave and bold enough to uphold them despite | Wie protesis of European despoilsin. A CHANGE OF 8aNTIMENT. The cnrrent of sentiment underwent a change, e@nd those who gave their hearty sympathies to the Prussian cause showed an uninisiakable tendency to encourage and cheer 01 the disposition of the French to ight out the bitter fight, if its object meant the secare establisimicut of airee aud gori- ous repuviic, THD DESPATCHES. When our spry aud lively bor the Tele. } gram came out with its batch of despatches, announcing the fina! coliapse of the empire and tue unveiling, $0 to speak, o: Lhe ioug shronded god- des of itberty tn t! ital of France, excivement was highand warm, ie Germans were more ab- sorbed im the grand triumph of German arms, but Americins, with one accord, gave their attention to tue news which recorded tie vote of déekcance aud tue Wiping out of the despoilc imperial régime. THR EXCITEMENT, Rat when the brief but pithy and throbbing telearuius, glowing on the builetin board in front of the HERALD office, pi med @ provisional overnment established, composed of the un- inunted leaders of the left who have for so longa time fougut the ursurpations of Napoleon, excitement reached tis height, and Wie de of American feellug Bet in steadily for the glory and conservation of France. TEUYONIC FERVOR. Among the Germans it would be d!Mcult to realize the deput, breadth and intensity of thelr feelings. They Were postilvely delirious with delight; for to them who have for so may years looked upon Na- poleon as the fated eneiny of ‘man anity his total sownlall and utter ruin came like a Providence of God in rectification of a long and bitter wrong. HIBERNIAN HOVES, Among the Irish there was a curious and Intereat- ing alteration of seritiment. So lotig as Napoleon was the supposed jeader of the French and em- vodied the national purpose of this war against Prussia there were few words of cenaure attered | against lim. But yesterday there were fe i | Dials 80 poor as to do erence. the establishment of the © wath joy, get the victories of the 16 tn the prospect | the sake of their reason let us hope thatgiory 80 | this city and the Kympathizers with human suffering gener purpose to ere of Musto on the 20th of hs volook P. M. It will and varied excellence, September at eligi rare and we have Mes, Gazilaiga, Viardi, Mart, ie Arata, Settriiit Guzman, Buetrago, Grand, orga, Fac coraanee Wit consist of Mmes. Delmonico, Roeok, Ridard, Alger, Sorel, Alker, Mourailie, Picard; bei Coutan, Langlois, Allien, Beruard, H, Aubert, oy Tho Aid and in Newark. In the mfdst of their rejoicing it is worthy of men- tion that the Germans ef Newark have not forgotten the widows, orphans and wounded of their conn- trynien. In addition to a considerable amoant al- ready realized, tt is proposed to raise $2,000 more, and for this purpose Alderman Woeken, ex-Alder- man Brotherly, Lawrence Henninger and Joseph Seidle are already taking measures looking to the Boling ofa procession and festive gathering at Court street Park on Thursday next. The proprictor Mr, Brock, the brewers and othera havo agreed to Saree the Park lager and other necessaries for nothing, Nor are the Freaoh residents bohind tna similar movement looking to thoir suffering countrymen, womenand children, At Phillip Heckondern’s hall last night a meeting was held and messages taken to raise afund to forward to France. Tne French people of Newark number scarcely more than 1,000; the Germans 30,900, FOREMIN ¥& LING ON THE GREAT CAPiTru- LATION. Comments of tho New York Pr. man Press, The French papers published tn this city on Mon- day gave nearly their whole space, apart from the advertising columns, to the miittary disasier and political overthrow at Sedan, The Messager Franco-Amerteain said:—“Thore is but one piece of nows for Burope as for America, It 1s the defeat of MacMahon and the surrender of | Bonaparte. On Saturday evening we published an | extra, containing the detalls of this event. Our countrymen were, at first, wilting to doubt the dis- aster of the army and the shame of the Emperor, so long as doubt was possible. But the proof could no longer be denied when the despatches of Mr. Motley, tho United States Minister at London, and that of Mr. Bancroft, Minister at Berlin, to the Secretary of State, announcing the capitulation, were seen. Mr, Jones, Minister of the United States at Brussels, also telegraphed tne news. “If the French were slow to believe it, the Ger- mans accepted it with avidity, proclaimed it, and ty and Gere has crumbled people are tempted to ex- | was, be a musical treat of | the strect of ita clites defenders a od," observed | the name of liberated Franos—in the name of Fra | hero, the favorite of vi “who tas ‘Fivery one ta satisto a7 on Cache mire} } pron ictory, mu. |, Frauoe in—ti will ones more fnd La the of 1792 and rise a3 one Man Against their invauers. At the distance that separctes us It is not for us der What form the republic 13 to speed . World has gone down, and reintogration. But we do affirm that it should Deas. | grave. ‘The peacemak! nd thas the republic ig an absolute say, “The German empire Neithor does it belong to us | heaceforth be the truth, itse and who should take the taltative in th! | complished. | Beceastty of the case, ' to caboulate the resources which France can control + or to enumerate the armies that she can opps 0 to tho Prussisns, Tho capitulation of MacMahon’s | aray is an infamous act of treason, for which the oa Beane. is responsible, bat we can get aion: without thet army, If1t bo true that Bazame has capitulated he is a traitor, and we hope that he may poasize the reward of his orlme as Failly aid; but, In a word, if that army, be lost, others may be fonud. Yes, a nation of forty militons can always a concert at the Academy | Create armies to guaranteo the safety of its hearths. From every furrow in its Belds, from every stone in should arise; and could we doubt that our country is 2 poor enough ightest doubt will di a8 I ‘an audi- | iD heroes to renew the prodigies of the revolution but undernonth tt there were | ncaa Gas over seca within the walls of tho | wo should be uuworshy tie name of Frencumen, Academy. The concert and the cause for which it 1s The German peoplo, intoxicated with the smoke given wil bring the rent tatives of more than | Of powder and the steam of blood, scex to bestow na natlonality. The following 19 4 list of Ler) oe ree re Tay of an on pire an to crown RTISTS!— r person 4 aauiuine Vierdt Nard Guzman; Mesars. | Whata revenge 1s there not reserved for France should this project be carried out! The imperial toga is the poisoned shirt of Nessus, nouta the ‘foutoulc Hercules enwrap himself in it we shall not have long to walt ere we shall see him ering. in the agonles of Orsarism. It will be then that he will tinpiore the aid of republican France, She cer- _ will not refuse it; but knows only too wel liver itself of that odious mantie without the most iright(ul rendings of her fesh. The Courrter des Etats Unts, under this caption, “ The Defeat,” thus laments the events at Seda It is done! France isstruck to the heart. A sin- gle month's time bas suificed to paralyze, if not to Snuthilate, the vital force of one of the greatest, one of the noblest Powers of the earth, and, with the game blow, to displace the political axis of the world. Itia useless to disgalse the fact. The army which has just been surrondered—it did not sur reader to the enemy—was the flower of our miiltary population, MacMahon destroyed and Bazaine powerless, there remain to France numberless masses inaecd, fanaticized by patriotism and ready to rash headlong into the jaws of the Prussian can- non; but no army 14 left to her, But masses, however full of faith they may bo, ena do nothing against milltary science, agatnst als- Cipling, and, ahove all, against new tasnioned weapons, In other days tho men made war; valor made up for numbers and enthusiasm created heroes. but now rified caunon and porfected guns do the fighting. The man is no longer, anything but the servant of the implement; he counts only as a aa and courage without number can do nothing bul make victhiag, All France—her 8,000,000 of young men, from twenty to tulrty yéars of age—calied to the fleid in one body, improvived soldicrs, and hurled in one flerce Onset upon the solid, skilled, well armed and highly disciplined mass of victorlous Prussians would but rec:pitate itself to butchery and would not cause ‘he wall of iron confronting them to recoil oue stop. There can be no doubt, however, that France wiil receive with an outcry of indignant rage, like a lon that hag fallen into a pit, the news of fie surrender signod in her namo, or that her first movement will be a levyen masse and @ headlong rash toward fresh combats, But this first frenzy past, cold re- fection wiil throw an icy shroud over this heroic impulse, and wo question whether there will be any one to take tho jultiative of new conticts, or, ta other words, the responsibility of fresh disasters. It may be that the people of Paris, the command- ers of the besieged fortresses, all tho masonitne hands that rest on the staff of the standard, may re- fuse to lower it, and will prefer death raiher taan to aliow the Prusstan colors to be planted upon the Tramparis that they guard; but there will be found ho one to organize this resistance, which would anount to suicide; no political party that would risk upon this bloody card the future opcued before it; none, in fine, who would not comprehend that France has no right tocommit seif-immolation; that she belongs to the worid, to ciyHization, to human- ity, and that, at least, @ chance of success wou d be propagated it in all imaginable ways. The lager beer saloons became crowded with an inconcetvable throng of consumers, processions were formed, the Proszian flag was hoisted wherever it could bo found, the renegades of the ex-republics of Ham- burg and Bremen covered thelr vessels now an- chored im the Hudson with all imaginable colors, and, at last, in the evening, numerous {!luminations, rockets and Roman caadles testified the delight of the German population. “This Joy, too, 18 quite excusable, The sons of those who,were vanquisied at Jena and Valmy did not expect to make thelr way into France, evon at the price of frightful hecatombs; they did not think that an incapable government would offer them twenty opportanities for victory ip spite of the courage of the French soldiers; above all, they never hoped. that the wretch (stc.) entrusted? witu the defence of the honor of France should hasten to lay down his sword at iho feet of their King wile he still had @ valiaat army to command. “Tho Prussians remember having gone to Panis in 1814 and 1815, but they were then in the company of all Earope, Alexander of Russia and Wellington of England marched in advance of them, The idea that they could get there alone this time and that they could obta:n posses sion of the eapital of oivilt- { zation without anybouy’s . 4 actually tarns their heads. This 1s easy enougs to comprehend, and tor great will not be dented them.” Elsewhere tho Messager remar! under the head- which they are saugul ugh tO conceive that the new order of ilugs ce bodes good for the causo Of ireland that the dethroned | Euperor never had r could have a particle | of sympatuy for Irish notonaltty, that he was the | ally of England and the fe of freedom, ‘therefore | it is they welco. now imMgs through | Paris, *Libert, ad THEM. no more quar Mans, unless if the latr 5 ut of King Willtara to force o: they don't want. UK SAD AND ANXIOUS GAULS, Among ihe French uta of New York thera ‘Was touch tremuiousness aud anxiety. Many mignt pe observed in up-lown restaurants and in front of the bulletin boards jooking pale and uervous. ‘fo shem this event has & ‘ent complexion, @ more Dread significance, a pose and deeper danger than we can so ¥ ly comprehend. Revolution has never ra sed fis frous and circled in its sweeping, | PE. Henceforth we tween Irish and G plaad any moveur (he French a rv vt ela be | { headlong course through ihe atmosphere of Paris qithoat ivavi nits wack the smoke aud carnage | of civil série. Pinssian foe is at the gates | and soon siride as conqueror In | among tne r factions and put his | won heei upon the | glory and liberty | of France, Jt is tis im she poor Frencamen | among us trenibie for thew beloved country, and if te joyous and triumphant Teutons would but real- | ize a hile of Wie aNguich Which rends the breasts of many good and patriouc Frenctmen here they might be ives iavish of their sneers at la velle France. THE NEWSEOY BABEL. ‘This will be a ui i¢ epoch for the present nération of new Words can hardly depict | he clamor of then aggregated voices, Sitting in | the HERALD ofiice aud jistening to tie mighty and | istracting roar as 1t peuetrates tke massive walls of be building, 16 seems not unlike what migut be made by a kennel Of haifa milion bull terriers let loose, Sometimes it grew awful, and challenged w~mparison with the lustiest effort the newsboy raterpity ever made during the war, Long life to em, and may thelr lungs never need the lubricat- by Application of cod liver oll, THK FLOW OF LAGER AND LIQUOR. Of late the Jager beer sajoons haye been reapto, the largest share of profits from the all-prevalen' war fever. Not @ saloon where the Gambriius beverage is soid from the Clty Hall to Hariem but vounted triple earnings from noon to night bat in those resorts where the ardent rye! and the liquid mait constitute the chief attraction tv might have been aiso noticed (he patronage waa ex- cessive, Many aman may attribate a gore head and a scorched stomach to his fondness for war news aud whiskey of late, Napoleon, France and Prussia hod their merits @iscussed up and dowa, back and forward, 1 many languages, good and bad, @ Digger exteat than ever the same triple subject wil, be Likely to get dis- AT THR HOTELS, and it may be fairiy presuwed ja every well regu- lated household, though nobody went to tnyuire, the events in Paris were paramount topics. Tnis is #8 it Suould be, for boay said that tite establish- nient Of @ republic in Fiauce indicates the approach of the millennium, TUE FRENCH AND THE REPUBLIC—HOW THEY TAKE IT HEBR. The full and satisfactory confirmation of the news thata republic de jacto was es!abilshed once more iu France had a good effect upon our Freuch fellow citizens, It gave assurance that tae management of affairs had passed into other more energetic, anore competent and fearicss hands than that of the Iunbecile government of the Emperor, As for him not ten words of sympatiy were uttered yesterday by any true-born Frenchinan, He was universally put down ag the cause of all the recent disasters and disgrace Which have come wpon the standards of France, Indeed, if Frenchmen at home entertain ube same feelings that their brethren here give ex- pression to, it will be passing strango if a limb of the Bonaparte tree 13 leit siauding, or a svion of the Bonaparte house ever dons ihe impertal purpio Le | his sword tothe King of Prussia; he has bowed {| Letthem judge by Alsace; let them judge by the ing of “rhe Empire and France’: The empire! Let us hope that this is the last time that We suall have to speak of that wretched affair. The empire has fallen, the empire has surrendered; bat France is oa her feet and France never sur- renacrs, . Let the fayorers of Bonapartism and the makers of coups d'état now rejoice over their work and taste the favor of their triamph! Let the poor dupes of personal government, of the plebtsci- tum and of imperial glory measure the abyss of shame to the verge of which the empire has brought us for the third time in sixty years! Did theso fo. napartes but know how to die, when their Casarian toga 1s torn from thoir shoulders! Had the first one lot himself be ktlied at Waterloo he might have beon pardoned of his crimes. Had the second followed she example of the gallant General Douay; had he gone in ques! of a Prussian bullet, France might have ac- cepted that expiation. But no; he has surrendered down before the enemy whom he set forth to defy, and he has caused tue army that accompanied bim Wo capitulate, It isnot upon MacMahon that the responsibillt; for all this ignominy falls. He defended himself hike a lion to the last extremity, until his wounds had rendered it impossible for him to act. Wimpff- en took the command after him; the same Wimpft- en who recently conducted the unfortunate cam- patgn in Morocco, and who tried to pass of his dis- asters for victories, It was Wimpffen who surren- dered to the Prussians; it was he who shared with Napoleon Il. the giory of that capitulation. But let not Prussia and her numerous friends has- ten to sing pans of triumph too soon! Let William and Bismarck not have the audacity to play the part Of liberators m France. No; they are of the same band to which the Bonapartes belong. They are the enemies of the latter only as robbers are enemies to each other when the question is how to divide command and booty, enemies and accomplices, atone and the same time. The Bona- partes had a party in Prance; perhane they might even have found soime,friends there. The Hohenzol- lerns can excite no oilier emotion {thore than hatred and horror from one end of the territory to the other. Let them judge by the reception accorded to them in that part of the country least averse to Prussia, opulation of Strasbourg. When a nation has tho honor to call itself France it oe commit mistakes; | but it will make all sacrifices, it will undergo all t privations and all kinds of torture rather than suffer f stain to reatupon its honor, or ao aggression on | its national integrity. quis is what certain English and Amorican jonr- nals do not seem to comprehend when, upon learn- Ing of Bonaparte’s surrender, they immediately ex- pressed the hope of seeing peace arise from this capitulation. he tt once more said: itis tho empire that has capltulated—not the country. The empire is the nightmare that has weighed on France for nineteen years, and that has just melted away, But what an awaking! France covered with biood, grappling with her most miortal enemy, the enemy of her revolution, the enginy of her naiiouality, the enemy of her repubite, the enemy who was only | barbarous and brutal eighty years ago, and over | whom she #0 easily triumphed then, but who has become crafty, prudent, skii(ul, and who to-day sub- jects lier to ie greatest danger to which she has ever been exposed. Such is the reality tuat she | finds before her at the moment wien she reawakens | to become herself, the reailty that she must take tu | her, comprehend at a giance, and In the presence of | widch sha must form # supreme, absoiute, immov- abie resojution—the resolution to conquer, And this resolve she has already made, Although i the ocean separates us from France wo feet the pul- sations of her mighty heart and we know what she | 1s capable of undertaking. We attest, we prociahn | without fear of recetving a single dental, that all her | sons placed at this moment on the hither shore of | tue Atlantic count upon a uulversal, furious and im- | placable resistance ou her part, Yesterday there | were Bonapartists, socialists, repuvlicans, com- | Tunists among us. What are these differences worth to-day? All of us have but one thought and agal ‘The indignation exhibited against Napoleon was irrationally strong, insomuch go tnet at a restaurant in Nassau street the only defender, apologist and sympathizer he had in @ company of over fAlty, ttirned out to be @ Prussian. BAFFLED HOPES. The unreasonableneness of the French at the prevent moment may Le excused, La grande n om never before suitered such an unmingied series of Gisugters, unrelieved by @ gleam of glory or victory. * Therefore itis (hey are wroth, aud doubly 80, that humiilation should have come upon them | feot of the Prussial @i the nands of the Prussians. _.. THE OLOUD MATT A SILVER LINING. Yet it was eagy to see in all the French cafés and restaurants Over town that the deep gioom of te past weck culminating in the disaster of Sedan wad Wail dlapolicd by tue Des of a Vegueh Fenguije bo- | \ one slm—to raise France up again and to purge her of the Prussian contamination. When that shall have been done we can recommence our old quar- rels, if there be occasion; but, before ali and above all, let us save the Fatberiand of France, the laud of free thought. Can the unity of sentiment that haz just go sud- denly come between us Frenchmen in America fail of accomplishment ia the bosom oi old France itaelt? Oan there be any incre Bonapartista when Napoleon TIL has, in cowardly guise, laid his sword at the France taking her own aiuira, the defence of her honor and her life into her owa hands—{s not that the republiot Is there any family go egotistical, so perfidious, as to profit by the disor- der aud set up its monarchioal preteasions in this moment of distress and anxicty? mtrteed is noue suk. 1 lal yap name of the ropu i reanteed to justify the horrers that would be en- tailed by the continuation of a war that would be but an uninterrupied succession of ravages, devasta- tions, slaughter and ruin. Ah! no cne would lack the requisite courage were it possibile to find success at the close of the rucest trials; or even if the honor of Franoo, leaving its intorest aside, should exact an ense sacrifice to pay for an tiamense. reparation. Bat, happily, such is not the necessity of the cago, France is drained of blood, but not humiliated, Bleeding at every vein, she holas her head aloit and can look ner foemen aud the world proudly in the face. All her wounds were received io full front, and our soldiers are hatied as giants of valor by the very men under the weight of whose num. bers they have succumbed. Woe know pot what counsel may provall in the ter- rible perplexity that now environs France; it {a neither to-day nor to morrow that any calm decision 0au issuc from that farnace; some days, undoubt- edly, must be allowed for the subsidence of the hot fover of the first moment. Then will come the hour Of gicat resoives, Wil Wilk weume “tiem! Tie; natural representatives of the country no doubt; the assembled Champers, who will find iu their patriot- ism the solution of the formidab!e problem involved in the re-establishment of peace under conditions lesa painful to the logitimate pride and the interest of Fr pagid As tor the impertal government, its fate 13 seulea, Our first defeats were the signal of its fall. Napoleon Tl, t4 no longer aught but a phantom, and his aynasty expires with bin. Whoor what shall follow him ts the seoret of the future. Nor does it belong to us either to predict on the spur of the moment what chan; these vast events will bring to the political, moral and material condi- tion of Europe. There 1s @ fact, however, which looks to us like @ rising truth; it ts that this atro- cious slaughter, this frightful spectacie revealed to & sbuddering world, will kill war itself. Prussia catches up the sceptre of military greatness that has fallen from the hands of France, but it Is a broken sceptre, which, houceforth, will be but the ernblem ofapower defunct. Glory there is no doubt; but glory without «ray to light the futuro! Arms will ho longer give supromacy to nations, and Germany, united by Prussia’s triamph, will be neither greater nor more powerlul than she was yesterday if her aggrandizemeot be not the signal of @ liberal progress for humanity; her banner will have gained no brighter glory should it but continue to shelter Institutions that are behind the times. The struggle henceforth will no longer bo between the material forces of nations, Jt will be between their respective phases of moral development, between their civilizations and tueir forms of liberty. B: this criterion, France, even though muttiated, such must be her tate, will, we continue siill to hope, remain the greatinitiative and glorious nation. The day when, by the fated march of events—and that day undoubtedly is mo longer distant—the destiny of nations will no longer be left to the chances of hoqris the enthusiasm | her own experience that @ nation cannot de- | NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 18T0.—TRIPLE SHEGE, of the new empire by his dceds Ours is pow the Khine, For ever and ever will | this German stream flow gqnietiy aud uninter- raptedly between its splendid shores, Tho Latin the Germanic ascends after @ brief pause. ‘The spectre of Cw sar sinks in its open Gerinan Emperor can peace,” and this wilt | Again, the Journals adaca:— Henceforth tie pees Of the earth will no longer be required to spend thelr moans in heavy war bud- gets, but can dovote themselves to the mission of ig | cultivating the laws of spiritual and material wel- fare, But the highest triumph ts the German unity. During the first excitement over the wanton attack | the German Btates gave each other the hand, and in a glorious War the new alliance was re-sealed. Vor ever and ever the dismemberment and disagres- pas of past centuries ig gone aud German unio: no longer an imaginary phantom—o pions wish of honest patriota—but a menos, and powerful reality. It will form the bert! ings which all future attempts at disturbance will be shattered, ff lp lag been gained by Germany's arms and re The New Yorker Demokrat briefly, but pointediy remarked:— The question whethor after the ovents of tho 2d of September peace will soon ensue, can as yet not be answered. Franoce’s best army is used up and dis- armed aud the others will soon, 11 they nh { Dot yet | surrendered, But we are as yet without answer to the question, What will Paria say? Wilt she attempt resistance or gubmit quietly? Wilt she appeal tothe once powerful word, republic? The anime of these questions Wl be anxiously looked Ors THE GERMAN iN VOICE OF PRESS AT HOME FATBERLAND, By the Siberia steamship arriving at this port on Monday last we recetved full Mies from the Continens of Burope, and find all the journals nearly mono- polized by the war news and comments thereupon. The German press is peculiarly prolifo and fights the battle of united Fatherland with tho pen as per- sistently and valiantly as tho Teuton armies contend for it in the fela. The Norih German Correspondent, published at Berlin, thus treats the ortyin and objects of the Prescnt war, ln inoguage that has purnod out to be prophetic: — While we are woll aware that Louts Napoleon de- olared war with Germany in the supposed interests of his own dynasty and in the delusive hope of se- ouring by ong a two cheap victories the succession to his so! ‘6 cannot shut our oyes to the fact that Germany has been regarded for the last three cen- turies by overy form of government that has pre- vailed in France, and by French statesmen of every pa ‘by, a8 their fair und legitimate prey. Tho peacea- le character of tie German nation, but more par- ticularly emetic and disseusions which un- fortunately divided this great country, favored the habitual aggressive policy of France, If we ever cherished tie altasion that the substitution of an- other dyoasty for that of the Bonapartes would se- cure to Europe the blessings of continued osce, it has been rudely dispoiled by the avowal of Thicra, Wat he was opposed to the war only because he be- lieved France not sufficiently prepared, and since that time by the letter of tae Duc de Joinville to the Gauois, ih Which he eulogizes the ple of Welssepburg for treacherously firing on = Germaa troops who, fighting ony against French seldiers, had no desire to molest the civil popwation. At this moment, whea the leadera of the Opposition—Pelleian, Jules Favre, Picard—and tieir folowers are trying to wrest the power from the hands of an incapable sovereign, it ig With the Inteation of directing tho National Guard aud the rematns of the regular army against the the conquerors, and of ultimately invading Germany if victorious. In short, since 1562 France, subjected to every possible form of government, aud under the contro! of the moat opposite parties, has never ceased tw extend ber territory at the expense of her neign- bors, and Germany has been the principal sufferer. ‘That great tract of country, iucluding the whole of Alsace and Lorraine, at present occupied by our he- roic troops, once formed a portion of the German em- pip, from which i was partly obtatned by artifice partly severed by force. ‘The time has at length come when Germany must ceuse to be molesied by France and secure for her- self along period of unbroken peace. It would be absurd to expect this from a mere change of dy- Nasty, for the next sovereign would probably seek opularity by (rylig to restore the lost military pres- ige of France, aud we should have to support the intolerable burden of a perpetual armed peace, France issues from the present war as 6trong as ever, with all the bulwarks intact from behind which she menaces the Khine province and the Palatinate, wo shall azain find ourselves continually exposed to the danger from which the bravery of our troops aud the ineptitu ie of the French commanders have Uys time delivered us, We shall have no confidence in peace, and a few years later we shall be forced to Tepeat the wishty racrificas we aro making to day. Is this to be tno Weak aud inadequate termination of the great struggiec on which we have entered to defend:our national existence? And shall we not, before laying down our arn, exact satisfactory guaranwes that we shall not be again suddenly in- Volved in a contest lor life or death, whenever it is Tequired by the political necessities of the rulers of France? THE RUMORED AUSTRO-ITALIAN ALLIANCE. A Vienna letter, “from a very well iniormedad source,” in the Lastern Budget, states that a league between Ausiria and {taly is “in course of forma- tion,” and that tn ceriain eventualities these two Powers might place themselves actively on the side of France. The writer seems to have arrived at these conclusions because several articles hostile to Germany have appeared, since the beginning of the war, in the Per'severanza of Milan. The Italian gov- ernment, however, has already made known, through the Wurtemberg Ataats-anzeiger and the North Gerinan Gazetie, that such an alliance of [taly witn France as is proposed by the Perseveranza consistent neither with the intentions of the govern- ment nor the feelings of ive Italian people. The Kastern Budget aiso says that the Vicnua Morgen Post reports:— ‘That it has seen a copy of some notes taken by the Grand Duke of Baden after au interview with King Wilitam, in June, 1866, 1t appears from these notes that the King told the Grand Duke that Count Bis- marck had proposed that the Saar district should be given up to France. Weare authorized to give this siatement au unqualified denial; no such notes were ever taken or have ever existed, nor lias the Prus- sian ipavenniens ever dreamed of ceding to France one foot of German territory. DARK STORIES OF FRENCH THREATS. The Carlaruhe Zeitung comes out with the follow. peo- armed combat; the day when a less barbarous style of justice will regulate the disputes of men; the Gay, in fine, When armies will cease to consume the choicest resources aud energies only to recommit to clianco the equipoise of the public forces, the genius of France will replace in moral ‘what she has lost in material suengtb. Countries will no jonger be measured by the superficies of their territory and the number of their inhabitants, but by the value of the fH ened realized and of the liberties acquired; on that day France, cured of her wounds, will stiil be entitied, notwithstanding the cruci mutilations that she will have undergone, the place of honor that belongs to her in the foremost rank of civilized nations."’ THE GERMAN VoIce. The Stauts Zeitung devoted two tengthy and excel. lent articles tothe great events of the 3d tnst., and, of course, exulted in the triamph of the German arms. In one of these it says;— The battles of Leipsic and of Waterloo were cer- bel great events, but yet they cannot be com- pared to the four days’ battles near Sedan, with the ; Consequent surrender of Napoleon and an army 100,000 men strong. While tue first-named battles had been the resuits of almost all the combined Ku- ropean armies, the victory at Sedan is due to Ger- man armies and to German courage alone. ‘The confidence with which the German troops went into the war Is now justified. Who would have dreamed six weeks ago that the criminal arrogance | of the aggressors was so soon to be punished? To declare war only @ few weeks ogo because King Wiillam had declined to sign a humiliating declara- tion, which would have shown to the worid that Napoleon is the master of Gertnauy, and to-day, to be compelled to write to thé same King, “I lay my sword at the feet of your Majesty.” These are con- trasts which hardly ever yet occurred in the life of an Emperor. Elaewhere:— At divers times the uitered 118 warning to France that should Germany ever bo forced to war against the French she would never sheath her sword until she has reconquered her old provinces of Lorraine and Alsace. The French ridiculed this menace, and said that they would yet not only take the whole of the Rhenish rovinces, but also divide Germany, But while the french were dreaming of the line of the Main German union has become a fact, and, thanks to France, this German union is now enabled not only to revenge the wrongs of past centuries on France, but to obtain that position to which, by lis bitillant spirit and power, it is entitled, The New Yorker Journal, in a well considered articie, compared the falien Cxsarism of Napoleon IIL and the exalted mission of the German poople, and proceeds:— s No generation ever saw such contradictions as we see them. There is a people demoralized by despot ism, subdued by a system of brute force and driven to a wicked war by the desperation of its tyrant, fighting for the glory of tho middle ages and the attainment of other nations’ property, while here 13 @ people, moral and rising into juvenile power, aware of ita peaceable mission, united for tle first ume and batting for the highest aims, attacked by @ hypocrite, but victorious by the power of its ‘moral teas, Thus a hypocrite soiled with the blood of his victims, a stranger among ped of his art of his own people, ateip| lying, the usurper of a great no genius, only (he spectre of his uncle, and fright- ening the hemisphere with fcar of spectres, @ Lost fambler, Who pi himself and ‘the honor of Tance on the last trump card, which he losea tn- lorlunsly, Hore the aged King pa the helr of Frederic the Great, tue piatm and modest man of right and truth, the representative of the whole. German nation; beside him the greatest statesmaa or terrible name, end i | Of ug age, the groatoat goucralé aud tue sgn Of the vor popnli of Germany has | ing terrible oficial statement:— “Now that the enemy has been driven from our frontiers we are no longer induced by prudence to conceal that the onyoy of the Duc de Gramont, Sous- chef Ring, threatened to plunder and lay waste the Duchy of Baden, in case of its supporting Prusata, adding that méme les femmes ne seraient pas éparg- nes.’ All comment is superfluous, THE ORLEANS PRINCES. The Krevz Zei(ung, referring to the efforts of the Oricans family to seoure to themselves the succes sion to the throne of France aud the expulsion of the present dynasty, observes:— ‘The banished proce see the star of Bonaparte fade and they believe their td pede nearly come. Proclaiming that they are Frenchmen they bave placed thetr swords at the disposal of France and in- alist loudly on the acceptance of their offer. Now, Louis Philippe lost the throne through tho pacific or apathetic policy he followed and his non- intervention in the ajlfairs of his neigh- bors, His descendants seem resolved to ro- bag ek the old posiiien by their energy, and no doubt they would try Lo retain 1t by allying them- selves with the Chauvinists, and attempting to sub- Ject entire Europe to the tutelage of France. The work of Germany is not yet dono, though we have made @& good beginning; the fall of Napoleon seems immineat, but has not yet taken place. Should we have cause to consider our enormous efforts well repaid if the Orieans family succeeded in ousting the Bonapartes? Should we have then attalned the the great object of the war—a long and secure peace for ourselves and for Europe? Noone in any will reply a@irmatively. peace with a restored orleans prince, without other guarantees, would be Still more of an armistice than one with Napoleon; for the latter, at the beginning of the war, bad al- ready gathered glory cnough for the great nation, and with theJuly regime again in France wo should soon have to take the fleld anew, and perhaps uuder less favorable circumstances thau to-day, AUSTRIAN FEELING FOR GERMANY. Says the Koetnisohe Zetcuftg:— ‘The sympathy with Germany awakened In Austria by the French declaration of war has survived our victories and sttil accompanies the German armies in the field. The voices which are at present raised in favor of a speedy peace with the half-conquered foo are those of enemies to the Gerraan cause, Whose pretendea prayers for the maintenance of peace pre- vious to the outbreak of hostililies were, we may believe, anything but sincere, This feeling has strengthened with every day since tho war began, and has now reached fever leat. STATEMENTS OF TURCO CRUELTIES. Tt has been repeatedly stated, during the war, without any proof being given, that the Prusstaus have at timos been harsh to their prisoners, aud a3 fa play ls a Jewel itis but right and just to give the other side of the story, Many roports reach us of crimes committed by the African regiments of France and the country people in Alsace and Lor- raine. The Koelntsche Zeitung, for instance, says:— On the battle fleld of Woerth corpses were found mangled in a disgusting manner, Theeyes of some had been put out, and the tongues of otliers cut out. Fourteen Bavarian soldiers, who were surrounded, desired to surrender, but the Turcos cut their throats with their daggers, The Bavarians are enraged aud have resolved to give the Turcos no quarter in fn- ture. The other French soldiers refuse to acknowl- edge these savazes a8 thelr comrades, The Spenersche Zeitung treata tho samo subject as follows:— | . An oMicer, who now lics in a hospital at Frankfort, says that, having been wounded durin, of tho heights nose Woertn by 4 ghot the storm he ania bd - \dored incapable of ta! any farther er el nt he Ary t some Bol. rere in @ secluded Bollow and there left, Suadent a Turco, who had laid motionless, covered wit fine twenty pares, Fose, Toudod his Ciussepor sen oa t and aimed at the Officer. ‘The latter had no ineade of ue- fence; the Turco replied to his threats by a grm, {and the officer thought niingelf lost. jad denly a baliet witistied past, and the Turco fell with his Leger geerenned A fustlier of the Ninety-fifth regi- ment had noticed tie incident, and interfered by a well-almed shot; he now hastene/ up to put an end hes barbarous Cabyie with bis bay tle the officer was brought to Gunstest with other wounded soldiers. The inabitants offered the ferers milk, but the doctor who accompanied them forbade them to drink any till he had examined it. He discovered that it had all been with phonpboras. Kighteen peasants were in uence xy oftcer was being carried to his quartera at the vil- dvised his ne Germans arrived. Mobl treats the employment of barbarous races in European wars as follows:— @nch troops and country mi have it the best way sirable for Franco. It 1s possible t is to oppose other savages: aon in elr employment in thelr own or at least de- hilo Pics savages to them, But this does not justify the employing African tribes in a El DW Inter. national law ts based on Civilization, and 1t is, there- fore, continually modified by the progroas culture, We do not, of course, object to the use of such regiments because their mode of fighting digers from ours. It may be, 1ndeed is opposed to the usage of European armies; bus no one argues that it should therefore be for- bidden, 4s certain implements of war have been. The objections raised are of a alfferent and far mere welgaty kind, From thelr very character un- civilized cannot be restrained from two it abuses. Firstly, their treatment of the wounded and prisoncrs 1g cruel, and even the strictest orJors can+ hot prevent this. Such actions exercise no induence on the military results of the campaign; they only increase the number of its unnecessary evils, Nor must it be forgotten that barbarities of this kind | te place in 1792. 4 more Antwerp, & smail republic in the eleventh century, re an | became in the sixteenth the riche-t commero.al city lead to A cca and thus the wal and more inhuman. Secondly, such savages ai totolerabie burden to tho inhabitants of tue districts where they are quartered, whether they come a3 friends or enemies. Acts of the most lamentable kind cannot be hindered, Such hordes neither life nor pro; sort has occasionally been had to them, continues, “there can be no doubt that i 1s un- worthy of the civilization of France to bring Afrl- can savages to bas¥ out the aiferences of European { month: Lf States, and that sell on a foo! cuiture entities her, Those means are certainly not nevessary for the support of her power, and the na- tions ot Europe would be periectly justitted in de- claring @ repetition of the employment of ‘Turcos and similar Algerian troops as contrary to the laws of wa BELGIUM THE BATTLE FIELD OF EUROPE. With the consont of the Belgian government the late Emperor of the French, with a sulte of 100 per- doing so the country places her- onet. After ¢.e | 1667 the conseq! rough jugat before & court Martial and shot, When the | 22, “ios, We need not yngulro in how far the formation of | Fuary | 1, 1614, far lover than that to which her Westphalia, in 1618, — fated the provinces, The northern noes rt ares tule (ha 80% nly SL Gonder that of the klogdgin of Roigium, ‘The history o" gue cliles of swhule often! atlesting marvellous progreas in the ‘pence, 3s mnainly # history of sacks und sieges. Brussels, the Gapital, was originaily fonnded on £n taland of the river Senne in the seventh o: Walla, with se’ gates, were fol town-in 1044. 1nJ213 it was taken by the Engish, ‘@nd tn 1488 by Philip of Cleves, In 1607 it became the seat of government for the Low Countries, In cruel attempts of Alva to establish (he In- wisition Caused 10,000 artisans to Jeave the city, mM June 5, 1568, Egmont and Horn were ox ing 6 considerable’ portion: in) ik was capture ion. In was cap! by the French, “On October 12, 1106, Murk enters of Bavaria, lage cler, ynan's he met his host under a military | by Marlborough. On February 1 escort. fi Was proved that he had, from the pulpit, | by Marshal Suxe. In 1748 it penniiented yt Datshioncrs $0 poison the wells when | by tne peace of Chapel lo = InN ih be Magy joveuber, 1790, ustrians Aix regal poet In the Wurtemberg Staats Anzeiger Robert von | Which had revoll AES November 14, 1792, Dumou- Tiez takes the city, in. 1704, having been ariveo out, he recovers is, On July 21, 1308, Napoleon I. fakes’ a triuaphant entry into Brussdla "oe ree. one uagels fg made the capital of the new ki ot igium. In 1830, on Fel — 8, the el Con- ess choose the Duke of Nemours for King; ous Jona 4 Louis Philippe. having refused to sanction the choice, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg is chosen. king. August 4 dates the renewal of hostilities wit! the King of Holland, August 23a French army $0,000 mon asstats the Belgians, anda truce is re- solved uvon. November 16 the Great Powers cou- clude a treaty at London with Belgium defining the units of the kin; Nivelles, Waterloo, Genappe, Belle-Allianes, uatre-Bras, Wavro and the forest of Solgues, all to @ south or southwest of Brussels, are memorable r the great battles which in June, 1815, finally x- inguished tbe power of Napoleon I. Louvain, said to have been founded by Julfas Omsar, was walled in 1166. ‘The Austrian Governor, Don John, received the submission of the inhabtt- ante in 1577, A French revolut.ouary force mastered of the Brisas 1880, the Favolniion bursts fe r in Europe. The citadel, commenced by tne Duke of Alva in 1567, was completed in 166% and extended in 21, Antwerp has been frequently besieged, 16 In the neighborhood of | was pillaged and burned by the Spaniards Novem- per'y 13 secure. | ber 4, 16 writer admits that it is diMcult in some cases | fury, to determine whether the employment of such troopa | city can be justified or not, and that in former wars re- | whole of this force was cither killed or taken “But,” he | oaptive in less than an hour. This affair was cated 1676, This massacre was cailed the Spanish The Duke of Anjou attempted to carry the by @ surprise, January 17, 1653. The the French fu The Duke of Parma beset it in 1584, and it capitulated, after a seige of fouricen August 17, 1585, Its commerce suffered reatly by the closing of the Schelat by the treaty Marlborough obtained pos- session of Antwerp June 6, 1706; and Marshal Saxe May 9, 1746. The French republicans captured it November 29,1792, They retired in 1793, bat re- eine ossession July 23, 1794. It wasrelinquished yy the French in 1814, and formed part of the king- dom of the Nejheriands until 1830. The King of Holland having refused to give up the citadel the French began to bombard it December 4, 1832, and it surrendered December 23. Mechilin, or Malines, founded in the tifth century, was (lestroyed by the Nori hmeu in 884, rebuilt in $37 and fortified in 980. Malines has been eeveral ttmea sacked—by the Spaniards in 1572, by the Prince of Orange tn 1578, and by the English in 1633, Marlbo- rough took it in 1708, and it was taken by the French in 1746, 1793 and 1794, and in 1804 they de- sons, has been allowed to pass @ prisoner through | gtroyed the fortifications. Belgium on his way to the fortress of Ehrenbrelt- stein, Eugénie, with the ladies who lately served her at the Tuileries, has fled to Brussels, and it is reported that $0,090 soldiers of MacMahon’s defeated | OVer it in the ninin cent army have taken refuge and have been disarmed in Belgium. Count Bismarek, according to @ special HERALD correspondent at the headquarters of the victorious Prussian army, says he told the Belgian Minister of War that so long as the Belgian troops | belied should do thett utmost to disarm any number of | prisoned French soldiers who might cross the fronticr | parded Bru: the neutrality of | rendered to he Boi the would strictly respect lum; “but,’? he added, “if, on the contrary, igians, either through negligence or inability, Brugge, or Bruges, ranked os a city in the seventh century, and was celebrated in the time of Charie- magne for its industrial productions, It was first fortified tn 887, The Count of Flanders obtained rule » In the tiirteenth cen- tury it became one o! the foremost commercial clues in the world, and was the rictiest entrepét o1 the Han- seatio League, It passed under the sway of the Dukes of Burgandy in the fourteenth century. 16 ‘Was ravaged by fire in 1184, 1.15 and 1230, It passed to the Hapsburg family in 1477, and the citizens re- ‘tipat the Archduke Maximilian and iin- im iu 1488, During the rejigious struggioa surrendered to Spain May 20, 1684, ‘the Dutch bom- ti without success in 1704, and 1 sur- é allied army in 1706, after the victory at Ramillea, The French took it eet eae 5, 1708, and retired in 1709. ‘The ag took it in i712 hey were Ci sdied ea it and the French in 1792. do not disarm and capture every manin French | but regained possession in 1794, and the inhal uniform who sets his foot in thoir country, we shall at once follow the enemy into neutral territory with ben 44 fothe our troops, considering that the French have been fee the first to violate the Kelgian soil.” Bismarck moreover informed our correspondent that he had been down to have a look at the Belgian troops near the frontier. “I confess,” ne said, “they do not inspire me with a very high opinton of thelr mar- tial order or discipline; only, when they have their Great coats on, one can sée a great deal of paletot bat hardly any soldier.” Napoleon been successful in yiehituy to ‘the tradi- tlonary impulse of France for foreign conquest he would doubtless have shown as little regard for “the faith of treaties” as Bismarck thus manifested by implication, and Belgium, despite the protests of England, would have fallen a comparatively easy prey into his hands, The geographical position of Belgium is such that whenever the nations of Europe go to war it 1s open toall and ready to subsist the hostile armies that may be engaged. It is at any moment labie to be- Had the ex-Emperor | rendered to the French Au; formal acknowledged the sovereignty ofs tho French cra rar it . hod Sigel ra the herjands and bas formed part of Belg.um the yoludod bys tab ‘Ostend, from @ small village {n the ninth centary, became an important seaport about 1190. It wa: destroyed by the sea in 1334 Having been rebuilt 1t was walled by Philip the Good in 1445 aud fortified by the Prince of Orange in 1583. The sleze te: Spaniards, beginning in 1001, termin: a Joss of 60,000 men to the garrison and 80,009 to the besiegers, September 20, sh the capitulation of the town. It azain capitulated to the Pond 14, 1706; was ceded to the Emperor tn 1715, and sur- t 15,1745, The Fronoh took possession of Ostend July 18, 1794, and the English assailed it unsuccessfaily May 20, 1798. Ib was given up by the Treaty of Paris, May 30, 1814, Ghent, or Gand, is sald to have been founded by the Vandals, who made an trraption into the low countries in the fifth century. In 879 it was ravaged by the Northmen; in 1180 it was made the capitat of Fland in 1344 16 witnessed the suppression of wequ ‘an Artevelde’s insurrection; in 1451 it re- bellied against the government of Philip the 4 Duke of Burgundy; in 1639 it rebelied against Charles V.;1n Leth 24, 1540, Charles V. entered Ghent. The “Pacification of Ghent’? was signed in the Town Hall, Novomber 8, 1576. Ghent surrendered to the Spaniards Sepiomber 17, 1584. It was. taken by Louis come, what it has so often been, the arena of war—a | XIV, of I'rance, March 9, 1678; it was taken by the great European adatéotr, the battle field of the Con- tinent, The character of the Belgian people is peculiar, It differs from that of any other European nation. Together with the Kingdom of the Nether- lands, to which it was impervectly united from 1814-16 to 1830, Belgium consisted of the most heterogeneous and {ll-composed elements. The dis- jointed provinces, which constituted in former times the appanage of so many distant and powerful States, offered in the character of the people a motley patchwork dificult to be defined. Historians have } 39, 1697. ‘They took it agen fa 1791, discoverod in {t the pride and bigotry of Spain, the industrious duincss of Germany, French bluster and. susceptibility, Dutch order and avarice, inasmuch as these traits are all commingled in the Belgian character. The opposing principles fostered by various changes of allegiance during several centuries have given to It this kaleidescope aspect. The territory of the Belgians has been fought over inch py inch. Their population nas been Massacred, their crops destroyed, cousumed or trampled upon. From time immemorial, says one chronioler of their civil wars and foreign invastons, they have been kicked until, in the words of Hudi- bras, they know Spantsh from neats—t. e., Dutch leather. Without being extremely irritable, the Belgians never forget an injury. They somewhat resemble the Irish in the more savage parts of tho Green Island character, but are far inferior to them im fancy ana vivacity, bonhommie, heartiness and hospitality. On the other hand, if well treated, they are industrious, saving, contented, perse- vering, although not enterprising; good citizens, but indifferent friends; superstittous almost always, ye ready to pay proper respect to authority. hot ‘of republican refugees from every Country in Europe, . and especially from France, there are very fow native republicansin Belgium. And it is altogether a mistake that annexation to France ts generally favored by the Belgians. Grattan was right in as- serting that @ Junction with France was never popu- lat in Belgium, from the days of old, when the sturdy burghers of Flanders again and again re- pelied the whole French chivairy, to those of 1793, whon Dumouriez wrote to the convention that the union was effected with Belgium & coups de sabre, Almost the first acts of the revolution of 1830 were the rejecting of the Fronch tri-color and the hoisting of the standard of Brabant. In the days of the Romans the southern half of the Netherlands was inhabited by Betgians, and the northern half by the Patavians, on whose northern boundaries lived the Friealanders, Julius Cesar subdued the Belgians and the Friesinnders, and es- tablished friendly relations with the Batayians about the year 54 before the Christian era. With the de- cay of the Roman empire the Netherlands came under the sway of the F.anks. By the treaty of Verdun in 843 the northern, and aiter 887 the re- maining, part of the Netherlands was annexed to tne German omptre, Although the German em- perors appointed dukes and earls governors of the Netherland provinces, yet graduaily the latter ad made themselves independent so eariy as in the tenth century. Thus arose the earidoms of Flanders, Bolland, the duchy of Brabant and other lordships. In 1869 Margaret, the sole heiress of Flanders, married Philip the Bold, who then camo ! into possession of that earldom. About the same ume the line of the ancient dukes of Brabant became extinct and the duchy was beqneathed by Johanna of Brabant to her grand-nephew, Anton of Burgundy, son of Philip the Bold, Other parts of the Netneriands were in course of time annexed to these possessions, until, ta the jatter half of the fifteenth century, neacly the whole was under (he sway of the duke of Burgundy. Subsequently the renowned Emperor Charles V. inherited ail these immense por ons, Which the only daughter of the last duke in the male line of the House of Bur- undy, had brought as a dowry to her husband, tho Susirlan Archduke Maximilian. Charles V. bo- queathed the Retest together with Spain and its colontes, to his son, Philip Il, of Spain, Durtag the reign of the latter the northern provinces of the Netherlands ge ited themselves from the southern i Srassels has been. so long the Readquatters.{ foracations Provinces and became a separate State, under the name of the Republic of the United Provinces. The southern provinces continued to be annexed to Spain unt pee! the of Rastaat, March 1, 1714, they were ied to Austria, which in 1797 ceded them to France. In 1814 they wero restored to Austria, She, however, relin ned them in favor of an arrangement by whiol of the kingdom of the Netherlands, But (eet elements. proved too strong for the establishment of kartmony, ead tho revoliition of 1430 again acpa- vhe northern and | July southern provinces were reunited under the name | Frenc! Duke of Marlborough in 1705. In 1793 the French seized itand made it the capital of the Department of the Scheldt; in 1814 it was arinexed to the Nether- lands, and to 1330 to the new Kingdom of Belgium. Mons was made the capital of Hamault by Charie- mague tn 804 About the end of the tenth ceatury it was besieged by Hugh Capet, In 1426 It fell Into the hands of tue Duke of Burgundy. The prosperity which it afterwards attained under Charles Y. de- clined under the exactions of the Duke of Alva in 1669, Mons was invested by the Frencia, under Mar- shal Luxemburg, m 1678, and again, under Louis XIV., in 1691, When the walls were destroyed. Tho French retained 1t till the peace of Ryswick, October ut were driven out by Prince Eugéne and the Duke of Marlborough October 20, 1709, By the'Treaty of Utrecht, Aprit 11, 1718, it was restored to Austria, The French captured it after asiege of sixteen days, June 27, 1746, and again alter the warmly contested battle of Jemmapes, which took place near Mons on the 6th of November, 1792, Annexed to France in 1704 it waa restored to tho Netherlands in 1814. its fore tidications have been rebuilt since 1318, Touraay, on the Scheldt, ts also strongly fortified. This city, the ancient capital of the Nervi, and known under the name of Tornacum, was seized in 428 by the Frankish chieftain, Clodion. Ip 880 it was pillaged by the Northmen, and in 1102 it was placed. under the protection of Philip IL it was fortified by Philip IV. 1206 gand was seized by Herry Vill. of England, Septem- ber 20, 1513. Francis I. purchased it from the Engitsh king in October, 1618. It was taken by the Count of Nassau, the general of Charlies V., in December, 1521, and annexed to Spanish Flan- ders. In 158ithe Duke of Parma suppressed a re- bollion of tho inhabitants against the Spaniards. Louts XIV. captared Touruay in 1667 and reunited it to France; but in 1709 it was taken by tho allies under Prince Eugéne and the Duke of Marlborough. By the treaty of Utrecht it was ceded to Austria, ‘The Barrier treaty, signed at Antwerp, November 15, 1715, confided the custody of it to the Dutch, who were soon compelled to evacuate it. Louis XV. seized it in 1745 and demolished tts after the famous battle of Fontenoy, 1745, when the French, under Marshal Saxe, defeated the allied army, com- manded by the Duke of Cumberland, The French army on vhig occasion numbered 76,000 men, in a position defended by 220 picces of artillery, while the alltea forces consisted of 50,000 men, of whont about 28,000 were English and Hanoverians. At the beginnmg of the battle the English carried every- thing before them, but the Dutch took to thght. The victory was mainly due to a chargo made by the Trish ‘brigade, led by Lord Clare. The treat; October 18, 1748, restore’ Tournay to Austria, It was again taken by the French November 8, 1792, but was retaken by the Austrians April 3, 1793. ‘he French, under Generals Sonhain and Daendels, defeated the Aus- trians in a series of engagements before this atte May 11, 12 and 13, 17! The allies won the batt! of Pont-h-Chin or’ Tournay May 28, 1794. ‘This des- perato struggle between the French, who were nearly 100,000 strong, and the allies lasted from five in the morning till nine at night, when the allies made a gallant charge and drove their opponents from the field. General Pichegru seized Tournay Jano 30 and annexed it to the French department of Jemmapes. It was atlength relinquished by France by the treaty of Paria May 80, 1814. Liege, connected by railway with Ostend, Ant- werp and France, has extensive manufactures, & large commerce and, in its vicinity, inexhaustible coal mines, It ig the Sirminguam of Belgium. In the seventh century its tomb of Saint Lambert was a favorite resort for pilgrims. One of its bishops, expelled in 1406, recovered It in 1403, After the de- feat of its ariny at binsten it surrendered to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, November 12, 1467. The duke again took offence, and, having con- cluded with Louis XI. the treaty of Pe- ronne, marched against Liége, which was takcn and burn d Sunday, October 30, 1468, Louis XiV. took Li¢ge in 1688, Maflborough acquired possession of it October 18, 1702, The reneh, who assailed it without success in the summer of 1705, obtained possession October 10, 1746, The French, under General Dumonriez, also took Li¢go, alter dcfeating the Austrians in the vicinity, November 28, 1792; but they were in turn beaten with great Lg Maron 4, 1793, It bd annenet > “ rane fer er The Cossacks capture AUDATY, St Jonged to the Netherlands tn 1814, and was added to igiuim in 1880, sane ‘was founded in the fseventh century, Don John of Austria, who seized its citadel tm 1577, de- feuted the Notherlanders with groat Les at Gemblours, nine miles fronr Newmar, in by waa taken by the Le ee Louis XIV., July 1, 1692. It was besteged by English, unaer Willtam Iil., 1695, and attacked with sach fury that the garnsou of ied men, under Marshal de Houniors, Capitulated 'AGgust 4. Tue citadel inci Out and was besieged August 12, An atiempt carry. it by sorue Wad repuised Wi araat of Atx-la-Chapelle,