The New York Herald Newspaper, August 14, 1870, Page 4

War Despatches by Mail to July 30. Bpectal Review of the Great Armies of France and Prussfa. #teneral Douay’s Division, MfacMa- hon’s Force and Position, and the French Plans of Attack. Military Mobilization of the Prussian Nation. ‘The ‘I'welve Corps of Prussia and Their Commanders, Brhibit of the Whole British Navy, the Safeguard of the Kingdom. FRANCE. At Seliort from Paris—Patriotisin on the Fron- tier—The Town and Fortress—French Cav- alry—Tarcos as They Go to Battle. BEL¥oRT, France, July 26, 1870, I reached Belfort this afternoon, after a weary Journey of fifteen hours from Parts. All trains from ‘the capital eastward are now running “any how,’’s more especially those on the direct Strasbourg Youte; aud the nearer the theaire of war 1s ap- Proached the greater diMculty is experienced in Setting from one place to another. The ratlroads are, In fact, under the direction of the War De- Partment, and 4 would seem to be an oversight on ‘the part of that burean that any tratns still continue to run for the benefit of the publi: Tlett Paris in a considerable state of excitement— that isto say, the city, not myse for war corre- Spondents, of all men, must “ ss thew souls in peac eption to the rule, But the o nil compared Xcitement in Paris is nex With what {dnd here tn Alsace; for the entire popu- Jation—men, women and children—may be said Ww be up in arms against the Prussians. Neither | 0! here nor towards the westward have I heard any ex- | Pression suowing the existence of a “peace party @nd, what at irs{ signt may appear strange and im- Provable, the old are far more bitter against the Prussians than the young or imiddle-agi ‘The troops from the centre of France aud those coming from the South and Africa pass through Belfort on Meir way to the frontier, and the eattre popuiation on their line of route ts seemingly employed in nothing more nor less than haneing about che rail- Way depots aad cheering and treating the soldiers | On their way towards the Riine, A nice looking lot of men they mostiy are—enough to make the whole body of tee! rs commit suicide incontinently; and if the marchands de vin and liquor dealers Renerally are not making a year’s income within a Week, then is not most of the stutf sold to the troops equal to the celebrated New York poison Known as. “three cent ram.’ YAE TOWN AND FORTRESS OF Belfort, at the present mom pot of the French front, BELVORT, nt, 13 the southern impor anda unt position apart from this fact. Should the fortune of war turn the Eraperor the tow 33 In qu jon will tualiy ne Of operations on the | Jargest scale; tor Belfort is on tn rect and easiest | oad to Pa and the one almost certain | chosen by aninvading army. The country bei aud Beliort 18 fat and open, just such a | e, as Would suit the advand of troops: and were HKeliort to surr NEW YORK HER ALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 14, 1870.—TRIPLE SHEET. ae that have gone forward and now hold command of the entire Bavarian frontier, from Wissembourg and Bitche to Metz, where the Fifth corps again hold it up to the angie where Belgium projects tn be- tween Prussia and France, More troops are every day arriving to take the place of those that have gone, and as fast a8 they can be brigadea and the brigades can be told off in divisions they are sent to (he front, THE PLAN OF ATTACK. Since despatching my letter of yesterday the opinion therein given respecting the plan of attack has been fuily condrmed. The French advance will no doubt be through the Bavarian territory, and to one large line of army corps, extending frum Bitche nearly to Luxembourg, and directed for Mayence. ‘The Prusstans evidently want, by retiring, to draw on their enemy, and f have no doubt that their desires will be fulfilled to the utmost, If the frat great battle takes place mear Mayence, an! the French get the best of ihe contest, many of the former small German States that were four years ago absorbed in Prussia will declare sor the con- querors. THE REAR OF THE FRENCH ARMY. ‘The rear will be in communication with the basis with which it works, and supplics of all sorts are being amply provided at Strasbourg, Metz and Nancy, to wich towns, as you will see by any rali- way map of Central Enrope, there is communication by rail from almost any part of Germans. Their commuissariat department is, indeed, one of which the French army may well be proud, Its orgauz: tion ts as near perfection as possible, and as itis kept up during peace as well as during war tt ts never found rusty when wanted in an emergen its oMicers are, perhaps, the most intelligent men of the whole French army, and are, a3 a imatter of course, selected with the greatest care, and so per- ject is the cham of responsibility, 80 accurate the method by which the accounts are kept, that { have been assured by those who have opportunities of knowing that the loss of a cent would be trace: at ouce, There couid, indeed, hardly be a better proot of the eMciency of this department than tit within the last twenty days lve immense army corps have been fitted out Tor the fleld. From shoes to. shakoes, trom head to heel, nothing has beea oe- glected, Bocmungly ov z has been provided for the transport of sv that if the French army ever marches to Berlin it will never Want ior the ec saries of ttfe, nor even for many of the Luxuries. fact, } should say that it would be utterly impo: ble to find an army better found in every respect than (iat about to take the field here tor ‘the /rus- stan war. RESOURCES OF THE FRENCH ARDLY. In England, and sti less in America, people hive really no idea whiaiever of Une Immense ary Kept under arms by branee,even daring umes of pe hor of the enormous resources of Unat army in every of this i will mention ¥ forcibly when I came erved a great mumber of ther, Youths aged from seventeen years—walkiig aboutina very pecu- Th were evidentiy not commis- iotiicers, andas evidentiy they were uot pri- vate soldiers. Their uniform was neat, made of tine cioth, but they wore no epaulets or other marks by which cominissioned officers are known ia Europe. On inquiring Liound thai tuey were “army medical . and that there is here alarge college, very full staff of medical and surgical protes- 3, ab Which no fewer than 300 young men are be- ing educated for the profession of army As. THE BAVARIAN PIONTIER tact wlich struck me first to Strasbourg. 1 young men—or, ra to twenty-one Har unifor ] whatever, And this is, 1) seems, their aystem, or rather their want of system, in their cavalry. What astonished me most was that ullhongh the horses were Arab horses, from Al ria, and conse quentiy every ove of them stallions,’ they were pickeled close together, aud were allowed to fight, kick and bite each other to their heart's content. Daring the guarter of an hour Twas in the camp I Saw at least tiree horses disabled from “fighting,” | aud one of these, i Lknow anything about horses, got « Kivk on the coronet, which will ensure his never doing @ day's work again, But men and non-comm ned olicera louked on with the utimost indifference, Now and again one of them would fling something at a coupie of horses that were engaged might ahd main im a duet of teeth and hind legs, and wou.d swear a rouad oath or two at the brutes. But the work of the hour was to wet their everlasting soup reaay, and for their horses they did not seem to care a ng. |. DISCIPLINE OF THE PRENCH ARMY. This Is so very peculiar of its kind that 1t does not, perhaps, behoove a foreigner, and still less one who has been drilled under a perfectly diferent system, to criticise tt, But facts are facts, and it 4g but right that a correspondent should put down what he reaily belteves to be true. In this spirit, and making all allowances for the immense differ- ence that exists between the French and Engush armies, in thei bso 4s wellas their discipline, lam proud to say that | do not think ‘tne oificers ave the men sumcieatly in band; nor, in fact, do they even attempt to govern them when of duty, 4 may be wrong, but I should say that the fate of any wh that fell into the hanas of the french army after it had resisted for a time, would be far {rom enviable. 1 do not think the officers could keep the men back. In fact, the whole sysiem of discipline tn France has now got to be what of their army in Africa—that 1s, quite unlike that of any other troops in Europe, i resembies more than aaything else the oid French republican armies of which we read wu the tusiory of the end of last century. PERPECT ORGANIZATION, AS & perfect organization the French army as it Stands now is second to none in the whole world. Thus, the other day, the Marshaltwanted to commu- an nicate order respecting to the He called to; the ammunition ther his four generals ‘plained to them what Half an nour later each general calicd two generals commanding brigades This was followed by each brigade under hau #eneral scuding tor the colouels commanding regi- iuents in their respective brigades; and then by each colonel explaming to the three chefs de bat- talion (najors a3 we should cali them), afterwards: by each chef de battalion calling together the four captains ander is command, then cach captain his two subaiterus, then each subattern his two ser- geants, ud tinally each us irom first te au order becou! sergeant Ue men of Lbs f, Hom the highest to 3 Known throughout the y short Ue, and simply oy Whole army a word of mouth, y A CORPS 0) iT may call thein so, } are clerks of the ‘Treasury in Aressed in & plain but very neat untiorm, and regu- larly organi The chief dias, of course, charg: of the waole. Under him are four first’ class assist- ants for each division; under each such assistant two svcoud class assistants for each brigade, and wader each of the latter Uiree third class assist- ants for cach regiment. The whole charge of pr Viaing small money with whiek to pay the men, eac having money every day to hand over to the pay set geants of compunies, Will be taken by this corps, wna the ren will receive their dally pay Justus regu- Jarly as li they were im Paris or Lyons; an excelleni system, aud one Wich was found during the cam- paign mm italy to prevent a great deai of ireguiar among the me They INS FOR THE ARMY, An ord wived here to-day by which no tess Uap 360 priests are under orders to jom the army as chaptains, and in regiment 1n wittelt there are 100 Py to be a Protestaut I have just seen a letter from General Duerot, « the First division of Third army corps, who moved yesterday with lis division to Agneau, He states that there is as yet no enemy in his front. AFFAIR OF OUTPOSTS. A dasn of outposts took place in the neighbor- naod on Sunday might. A small party of Bavari cavairy crossed the frontier about loue miles from Mederbroun for the purpose of taking up the rails between the Lauterbourg and Schleithal. They were surprised by a French picket, driven back, four taken prisoners and three killed. Strange to suv, among those Killed Was an English officer, This part oi the Trontier seems certainly to have been overlooked by ue French muttary authorities, and the inuabitants complain ¢ery much that they lett at the mercy it was evidenily Marshal MacMa- hon’s intention to draw on the Prussians opposite Strasbourg and tempt thei to cross the Ritae here, or, at why rate, to give battle on the opposite side. But they hav been wiser in t ipon such ter ar generation ghan ~ ‘This afternoon, os the departmenis of Hant kuin, was Kun ye been declared in a “state of r words, ttaye been ut under ANOTHER PRUSSIAN SPY. One of these swhuilag Riume in open daylight above the rallway bridge. He 1s evideatly geuteman, provably an omer, and does not den that he came over in ho; of getting tnformatior for his government. MORE TROOPS. jemien contrabands was caught RK a other obstacie to tie enemy’s adv. would lie in the path, with the exception of Langres in the Haute Marne; and Belfort 1s in every way calcu- Jated, boli by nature and art, to resist even suci a force as Prussia is bow capable of bringing it. ‘The town itseif, with the faubourgs, Will po @ population of some 5,000 mbabiiants; bul 4 tensive ave the fortifications tat 20,000 Lroops would | ice (o man them, wiuile the attack would be ing platu, tle greater part of which can re aid uuder water, The , osilion nas heen » In history since the commencement Of the tuirtecnth century, aud many have been its ¢hanges of ownership during the last 600 years, until, b 1643, it was finally ceded to France by Austria ader the treaty of Westphalia. Vauban then took the defences in hand, enclosing the town and citadel within a bastioned enceinte, Which compictely hides the former from view; but the works as tey now exist were only compicted Bome forty $ ago, when ral de Belioue added two additional lines, 01 es, of defeuce, thereby raising Beltort to a position of equal strength with Metz and St ‘th = s 4 ® mt town and fortress of Belfort ari ng with troops, but erally filled ACh successive regi- 1uins here fora few hours only. ‘The sol- rom the east and centre of Fran y pass through without stopping, but those belonging to The armics of Lyons and’ Algeria generally disem- park from their trains and are again picked up by abe cars travelilag towards Strasvourg from Paris Via Siulhouse and Colmar. At the present moment The foriress is pretty well surrounded by a heavy airy force, priicipally composed of huzzars and 1orses Will compure most favorably airy in the world. There are i mong t Noriman and Flemish Face, but the gr i of sound, lithe Eng- Hs breed, and the right material for rapid and Tengthy manceuv: If the m re only 2s good 2s thew mounts the Prussians will not fad it au casy to match them, and from what I see of the tion of Mie horses and the movements of the Ss litink man aud beast are worthy of eaca = TRE TURCOS. ‘The sensation of the day is the arrival.of a regi- Ment of Tarcos, a body w Mic highest admiration, for there is nothing to equal them tn the world. The famous New York nent yommanded by Colonel “Billy? Wil- Bon was considered “some the way ot devilry, und the “Garbaldians,” of the Unton | grimy Were not far behind them wien once “they got to work” 1n Virginia. But for sheer, downright ruth- Jessness and uninitigated blackguardisin commend Me to the Turcos—the rowdlest of the zouave regi- Menta being quiet, Christian gentlemen in compart- with them. While eating luncheon (noon by the ivee fight takes place among some thirty of these rascals, in front of the restaurant, and an om- cer of the Elat-majeur explains to me the cause, viz.:—Certain of these heroes have robbed some of lenizens of Belfort, and their comrades are en- Geavoring to rob them in turn. nier a few minutes afterwards three oMcers of Turcos—an Arab, a fat-faced, woolly-headed negro and 3 malgnant-lookiog Frenchman, The Arab seats himself beside me at table, and in the coolest manner possible lays bold of my knife and commences to Birike on my plate to attract the notice of the wa.ter. Not the slightest apoiogy to me by look or word; but Another row occurs outside, and away, thank Hea- ven | (he tiree fellows rush, to my intense dehght fand that of the ofcers at table, Theu lam given w understand that such conduct ts mtld, even for Turco Heutenants and captains; while the men themseives have no regard for man, God, life. property or any- thing else. Just before ching Belfort some of them had had a fight in the train, and one poor fel- Jow was laid hold of and shied n out ot the car upon the track by Lis own comrades. Such are the Turcos, and the less anybody hus todo with them the be ter. Headavarters of the Army of the Rhine at Strasbourg—General Douay’s — Division— Plan of First Attack—In the Rear of the Army—Prussian Spies—Kecling im the Camp. EADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY OF THE RUINE, = by STRASBOURG, July 27, 1870. Last night another division—namely, that of General Douay—moved to the northwest of Stras- bourg. This division consists of the brigades of Generals Montmarte and Pelle. The former is com- posed of the Sixteenth battalion of Chasseurs & Pied, or rifemen, and of the Fifteth and Seventy-eighth regiments. The Second ts composed of the Seventy- fourth reg: nd the First Turcos, Thus, accord- dng to explanations I gave in my last letter cou- cerning the formation of French regiments, the first of these brigates will be composed of seven, the Jatier of alx battalions, or the whole diviston will consist of ebout 9,000 men. ‘This, with the First division of infantry that preceded tt the day before, nt | Nay, T have he | of pe Reinforcements of Frenca troops have arrived during the iast twenty-four hours. Oue of these is a vegimeut of Lancers mounted upon as fine and as efnl hor as Lever saw in any army. The other isa regiment of Turcos, or native Algerian riflemen. Officers and men are nearly all decorated wilh wedals, and look a sun-hardened, lighting set of men. The regiment marched in 2,200" strong, in three battaltons, To-night another division of the army goes to what must now be called the front—that is, tue line of trou- tier f menttoued above, to which MacMahon has now changed his front. Very few Gays hence there will be more stirring i Their contidence in the result of the campaign is wonderful. | am pertectly certain that if they could be canvassed man by man seven-tenths would tell you they expect. to enter Berlin as conquerors. rd it confidently pfedicted that on the 15 t, che Emperor's féte, the conditions ce Will be dictated at Berlin by Napoleon ill. At MacMahon’s Headquarters—Preparations for the Campaign—War News and War Cor- respondents—Material, Discipline and Mo- rale of the Army. HRADQUARTERS MARSHAL MACMAHON’S . ARMY CORPS, STRASBOURG, July 29, 1870. It is not improbable that this will be the last let- ter I shall send youdrom Strasbourg. There are to- day many indications that a movement of heaa- quarters of the Rhine army is not far from taking plac It 1s alf very well to say that offictal bulletins of what is going on wil be sent forth from time to time by the authorities. Who wiil believe the au- thorities if there is anything like a biack cloud in the airy In the French army the order against newspa- correspondenis is very unpopular indeed. Even eneral ofticers, While they say they must obey the directions given them, shrug their shoulders and show that (ey belteve the government to be jn the wrong. ‘The jumor oficers say that this, the great- est and most important war the present geueration | bas seen, will be utterly unrecorded by the press of the day, and assert, not without justice, that the rule treats the army most unfairly, As I have said before, “barring accidents,” I will be there and see what 1s going on. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE WAR. Thave drawn your attention to the vast number of men and the enormous preparations required for this war. Last night I was shown by a staffomicer of cavalry a return that astonished me not 4 little, and which helped to give mea still clearer idea of what this tremeadous contest must cost. You will hardly betieve it when I tell you that in the four army corps now in the fleid in France there are not tess than eighty thousand six hundred and forty borses employed, including the cavalry, artillery, army train and pontoon corps. And of these the actual mounted alry in the field (all trained horses, remember, and not one of which has been less than six months mounted) amouat tosixty thousand meu and hors This is an Immense number when we come to cal- culate what each of these men and horses requires daily to keep them in life and make them fit for wo ot that L think much of the French cavairy asawhoie. Imay be mistakea, but as yet 1 have seen no Freuch mounted corps that can compare with the Prussian dragoons and hussars I saw two years ago at Berlin. The horses are certainly good of their kind, but tue men ride badly, carry far too much weight in the shape of tents, blankets, cooking na heaven knows what ali besides, aud tie 3 are not well looked after. HW CAVALRY AFTER A MARCH. Iwas present the other day when one of their crack regiments—tie Third lussars—marehed into Strasbon nd encamped on the glacis outside, They had been thirty-six hours on the ratiway from Lyons to this place, and both men and animals were not a little knocked up. In an English cavalry regi- ment every officer and soidier Would have been tor atleast an hour anda half at “stables” after they came in. Every horse would have been carefully examined, well groomed, watered and fed under the eyes of the oiticerg, and duly reported to the nary surgeon if aything Was amiss. But with this corps. HHardiy had they dismount when ail the officers, savp one or two, Were oi to the town. The horses fvere unsaddied long before they were cool ; a3 to cl@pning them, not an aticmpt was made, and the b were all busy cooking thei eternal soup, and @eaving the horses to look afte under Geoeral Ducrot, and the light cavalry that went tle same evening, under General de Beivenil, makes rather more than 20,000 men of ali.arms belonging to MacMahon’s command themselves. They med to water or not to water, tw teed or not to fe their animals just exactly as sthe Hon. Mr. Bancrott iuinister fur tle men as well a3 @ Catholic priest. PRUSSIA. Government “Red Tape” Aga “xpecinly? in the War—Obst General Von Moktke--Vast P: the Great Struggle with Napolcou=Natioual Mobilization—Domocratic Views of the Crt- sis*Sauitary Arrangements. ¢ BERLIN, July 24, 1870. On more than one occasion have I adverted to the prociivity of the authorities here to oppose nine out of ten applications or petitious addressed to them, It is the general rule with the government to answer in the negative whatever proposition, whether of the most harmless or useful and practical character, and In their letiers of rejection the petitioners are generally reminded tiat they “have omitted to write their supplication on stamped paper,’ and are caliea upon ‘to remit an additional flee.” If such is (he rule in almost ali cases tt will not surprise you to learn tliat thoe who applied to the military authorilies for permission to go to the seat of war as. correspondents of the press met atonce with a de- cisive “No,” they belng given to understand that such news as ought to reach the public would be promuigated by the police. Constdcriug that Napo- leon has determined to exclude all civilians and knights of the quili from the French lines it seems natural and quite excusable for the Pri ns to fol- low sutt, though they feel at the same time that the injuries likely to ensue from tmprudence and lack of judgment on the part of their aative press are far Jess to be apprelicnded from foreign correspon- dents. Under orders to send special correspondents to the different headquarters who are to supply the New Yorx HERALD with the fullest and quickest news by wire and otherwise. [have called upon and readily obtained from him such assistance as he coula “ive me, but upon presenting his recommendations, duly certifed by the Foreign Ofce, tw the Muitary Department— namely, to General Von Moltke, chief of the statt--I came toadead halt. At this bureau, though the adjutants of the renowned strategist were very polite, L have not received up to this moment auy better Answer than, “You will have to wait, sir. The point of admitung correspondeuts has not been decided yet. We are occupied with matters of far greater importance, tnvoiving the safety and success of a vast army,’ &c.; and tnougn Lt have repeatedly calied to hear something definite 1 was impossivie to ellctt auy Other than tle aforemen- tioned repltes. It is highly provoking thus to be thrown on one’s beam en but what can be done against a military decree in a time such 4s Utis, when all the railways are exclusively occupied by the troops, and nobody, unless in soidier’s uniform, is admitted to come near the depots. MOBILIZATION, The mobilization of the Prussian and North Ger- man army may be considered complete in its first phase—viz., many hundreds of thowsands of the reserves and landwehr in the distant headquarters of thelr regiments, uniformed, equipped, and ready to ve hurried to the theatres of war. Many regi- ments which during the preceding week Lad report- ed themselves rea y, were at once forwarded by rall to the great detriment of passenger tramc, which, without betng previousiy notified, had to give way to the exigencies of war. Though provided with tickets first class, tender ladies of aristocratic rauk, With their chil.ren and servants, had to ride jn fourth class cars without even ,seats; but they preferred this taoconvenience to being cut off at country and watering places from communication With thus city. To-day and for the next eight days the provinces of Pomerania, Posen, East Prussia and Silesia will pour forth their legions of armed men, who promptly obeyed their country’s call, and regard- less of all other interests, of tamily tes, of the ripe crops just ready to be gathered and housed, cneer- fully donned the untform and shouldered the needle gun. lave heard of but one exception, in the dis- tant county of Kosten, in Posen, where the sum- mons of the reserve asioued trouble and a row, brought on by the women and children, whose ioud weeping attracted a crowd, which, resorting to vio- lence, hat to be quieted vy a detachment of the troups. WIDESPREAD PATRIOTLIM, Patriotisin ts observable Got only throughout this country but in southern Germany, and proofs of syuipatiy continue to pout in trom all parts of the Continent, no iéss than from your American shores, Within my sight a hearing trains, crammed with soidiery, pass every five minutes en rome for the e of acon, Ue gallant ‘ellows cheering at the » of their voices, loudiy re-echoed by the dense assembled to Witness their departure, wuteers are presenting themselves dally nt depots, and, in & great many im. e4, Olivers OF the Ausirian, llulian aad other ‘The services of the iatter, however, were invarla- bly med, with thanks, on the ground that the headquarters were already overcrowded and dimcul- ties would arise in procuring rations and other com- forts for them. Moreover, tieir presence would ne- cessitate aticntions from their brother officers Incompatible with active duty. German princes, even, who entered the army had to coniorm to strich military regulations, FEINTS FOR THE FRONT. AtStettin several women, who had assumed the breeches for ie nonce, Had to be refused entustment, and at one of the principal depots here, out of 120 who nad beer . no less than eight an- awered to the of Smith and Miller, and on attempts being made to rectify this not one was found willing to withdraw. they liked; but as to’ tuing approaching to what im bogland ts calied discipline, there was none kite ‘Though a few Hanoverian noblemen had to be ar- rested on the Cuarae OF Doing spies, We leyaity tO Prussia among the butk of the population ts unques- Uonable, as evidenced by the numerous applications for eulisuneut, t SLOW, BUT SURR. It was sufictently demon:trated in the war of 1866 that the spirit of the German race 18 by no means bellicose; but once placed face to face with the dread reality, they will fight to the last, Prone to disunion tn’ everything else, they have but one sentiment in common now, and that 4s Uo iree the world from this (rent by carrying the war into the yery heart of his country, | Ita strange destiny that King Wiliam, who won bis first laureis ia the shape le Iron Crosa, when bat @ mere youth, should have, in his declining years, to revive this decoration for bravery agamst the same enemy. DEMOCRATIC VIEW, Ata meeting of the Town Coundit in Konigaberg, where, aiter enthusiastic speeches, a stirring address to the King waa resolved upon, Dr. Johann Jacoby, ademocrat and representative, rose and gave the following reasons for his dissenting vote:— To my great rogret I canaot sign (this address, Though of the same opinion that this war fia # been forced by frivolous pretext, and ought to be resisted with all our energies, I shall auill oppose the address. In a country where « king may de- cide at pleasure the question of peace or wat without aaking the people—we experienced that }—our only cor rect and dignitied position is that uf silence. Whereve: 1 am ot entitled to say “No,"" 4do not feel justified in saying You will remark that Dr. Jacoby 13 not opposed to war on principle, but regards it—like that of 1866— a8 waged by dynasiies tor ultimate conquests, far from venetltung tue ople, and contrary to his social programme of “Union througu Liberty.” MILITARY COMMANDS. It has been mude public that the left wing of the German army, comprised of (ue three and a halt Soutiern and two Northern army corps, will be placed under the command of his Royal Higuness the Crowa Prince. The central force, composed of tive army corps, will be under the command of his Royal Higuness Prince Frederick Charies; right wing, two army corps, General Herwarth von teufeid; the reserves, two army corps, under the brave veteran, General von Steinmetz, and the coast defences, comprising two army corps, have beea en- trusted to General Vegel von Falkensteto, making in the aggregate sixteen and a half army corps. Prince Augustus, of Wurtemburg, has been ap- pouted commander-in-clief of the guards. First Army Corps—General Von Werder. Second Army Corps—General Von Franseckt. Third Army Corps—Licutenaut General Vou Al- vensieben. Fourth Army Corps—General Von Alvensleben, Ps ag Army Corps—Lieuteuant General Vou Kirch- LCI Sixth Army Corps—General Von Timpling. Seventh Army Corps. Pe kighih Army Corps—Lieutenant on, Ninth Army Corps—General Von Mannstein. Tenth Army Corps—Generai Voigt- Kt s Hleventh Army Corps—Lieuteuant General Von jose. ‘Twelfth (saxon) Army Corps—His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Saxony. FEATURES OF BERLIN, ‘Tae most superiictal observer must be struck with the unusual liveliness apparent at tbis otherwise quiet season in the streets ot this city. 1b would seem asil everybody and everything partook of un- wonted acceleration, Yveople always to be found at this time of the year in fashionable watering places and on the seaside find themselves back in their old quarters, and the principal promenade, Unter Den Linen, looks as if in the very heignt of the season. ‘The peacetul aspect, however, ig murred by the con- tinuous streams of oficera and soldiers moving from Place to place, of ariillery and army conveyances, humerous batches of recruits, ke., &c. From many of the houses may be seen the white jag with the red cross, denoung emporiuins Of Charitable and sanitary contributions for the sick and wounded, the widows and orphans. ‘The government Las deemed it advisable to central- ize all such praiseworthy arrangements on the part of the citizens under Priice Piess, of Silesia, Who is Grand Master of the Knights of the orders of Malta and St. John. Whatever can alleviate the sufferings of the soldier on the field 13 collected in vast stores and duly forwarded, while subscription lists ure opened for the support of those he leaves uchind. AS @mateer of course, voluntary gifts, in the shape of refreshinents, cigars, %., ure liberally sent in. AU vie with each otuer in generosity and tender care for the defenders of the country. At the Ex- change the same spirtt of liberality is shown in sub- scription lists, one of which, on the first day, summed up 50,000 thalers, In all parts of the Slate rewards are freely offered for deeus of valor. ENGLAND. Fear of a European War—Danger to Bel- gium—General Agitation and Excitement— indigaation Against the Continental Powers—Cabinet Precaution and Exceptional Measnres. Lonpon, July 30, 1870. Everybody admits that the present position of affairs ta Europe ts not only grave in the last de- gree, as respects Prussia and France, but extremely critical In regard to England. Just now the greatest excitement prevails throughout Great Britain, and added w that excitement there is an uneasiness which has not been mantiested since the comphica- tions which led to the outbreak of the Crimean war. Events have thickened with such rapidity that our statesmen have found tt difficult to keep abreast of them, and this dificulty has been very largely increased by the surprise which has been caus in consequence of the revelations that have been made in connection with the projected secret treaty between the King of Prussia and the Emperor of the French. I am not over-estimating the effect when [ say that no event which has occurred in Europe since the downfall of the first empire has created greater consternation among English statesmen or thrown the imperial Pariiament into such a flutter of distraction and alarm, Indi ion is but a weak term to employ to express the feeling that exists, and Mr. Glad- stone will find that all ms tact, intelligence and bounteous mental endowments will be requisi.e to enable him su sfully to weather the universal storm which, ording to present appearances, is ¢mevitabiy brewing in Europe. The outlook on ati sides 18 so dark that not even the most sanguine apostle of peace dares to hope that England will be able to keep herseit aloof from the terrible struggle. This, at all events, is the view of the matter which is taken by Mr, Disraeli, and there is avery targe section on both sides of the House who are tuspired by the same sentiments, and who are prepared, should the opportunity ar to give them practical effect. ‘There has of late years neen great jubilavion over the labors of Mr. Cobden in the interests of peace, and many people have not scrupled to assert that the tit nad gone by forever for Kngland embroti- ing herself in Continental disputes ana complica- tions, Allthis, however, is a mistake and based upon misconception. There still Mngers a strong warlike feeling in the minds of the multitude, and this feeling tinds practical vent in the utterances of members of Parliament. have watched the cur- rent of opinion in the House of Commons for many years, and f have no hesitation in declaring that should either belligerent Violate the neutrality of Kelgium a majority, composed of whigs and tories alike, Would at once demand that England should proclaim war agamst the aggressor. So strong, in- deed, has this feeling become since the publication of the secret treaty that 1 believe the Cabinet will experience the utmost dificuity in keeping the na- tion clear of ine contest. Eugland feels that she is stanGing upon the thin crust of a political volcano, whicit may at any time break and launch her into the abyss. DISRAELI’3 WAR CHANCE. One thing that 1s perfecuy clear is that if either France or Prussia violates Kelgium territory “Mr. adstone will be forced to proclaim immediate war. This is a point upon which the country has reso- lutely made up its mind, and should the present ministry show aby backwardness 1n this respect Mr. Disraeli, unpopular as he undoubtedly is, will un- doubtedly assume the reins of office and send an English expedition to the Netherlands. GLADSTONE’S PRECAUTION. That the government are sepsibly alive to the momentovsness of the probable issues has been made evident by the action they are takiug. They have introduced a bill giving to the responsible ad- visers of the Crown power to summon Parliament together upon a six days’, instead of a ten days’ notice. This looks very like as if the government had grave apprehensions respecting what ts likely to happen, and asif they were preparing for an autumn session. THE NATIONAL DEFENCES. Meanwhile there is a loud outcry respecting the state of the army and the defences. Economy has been of late years so favorite a cry, reductions have been made so extravagantly, that it is said were England to be suddenly dragged into the war, she would be sure to sutter reverses, and, perhaps, na- tional dishonor. Great pressure 1s being brought to bear upon the government to make them adopt measures for putting both the army and the navy upon amore satisfactory footing. Government is responding to the appeals, and no ultimate fear is entertained by those who remember what was done by the Americans tn an incredibly short space of time in organizing one of the most powerful and efficient volunteer armies whereof the world has had experience. THE BRITISH ‘NAVY. Power, Positions, Commands and Morale of the British FleetsProtection of the Chan- nel and Home Duty=—The Question of Coal—General Order to Man the Guns— On Deck and at the Bottom of the Sea Guarded—From a Marine to Great Torpe. doca. LONDON, Suiy 30, 1870, The disembarkation of marines and supernume- rary seamen from the ships belonging to the channel squadron confirm th Neomevt m my last, that the idea of sending those ships to Gibraltar to mect the Mediterranean fleet has been abandoned in conse quence of tue disruption of Burevean adaira, and the extraordinary information which crops out from time to time from our Foreign Office relative to trea- ties, &c., which they have been cognizant ofin that department a3 existing between the European gov- ernments on the Continent, The channel squadron 18 therefore likely to be detatied for the service it has ostensibly been denomtaated—viz., for the protec: tion of the channe!—but has hitherto been looked upon by the people at the English ports as a squad- Tron more for the protection of Lisbon, it having been of tate more frequently and for longer perlods stationed in the Tagus and tts vicinity (hau ia any other place. The two divisions of the squadron—the Portsmouth one under the command of the senior Admirat, Commander-tn-Chiet Sir Hastings Regnald Yelver- ton, and the Plymouth division under Vice Admiral Henry Chads, now undergoing a reflt—are now un- der orders to assembie at Portland and proceed thence tn two divisions to Pembroke dock on the Welch coast to fill up with’ coal, the naval autiorl- tes having, with ‘their usual acumen, taken it into their serious constderation that coal can be pur- chased at a much lower rate m Wales, especially at Pembroke, than elsewhere. “This trifling pecuilarity has been brought about by their “coal buyer,” a Mr. McCullough, a gentleman from the other side of the Tweed. The Admiraity oMcial (Mr. McCullough) who pur- chases the coal Is allowed three pence per ton “roy: alty"’ for all he buys, aud as he purchases every hun- dred weight of “coal for the British navy [ need hardly tell your readers the Littie sum ‘he pockeis an- nually and what his delight must be when he sees the signal hoisted from the Admiral’s ship—“The squadron wii! proceed to ——, where the ships will take in and dtl up with coal.” This unfortunate European war tas not only put @ stop to the intended cruise of the chaunet squa- dron, but the order has been countermanded for the fitung out of the proposed fying squadroa which was to have left Eugiand about September next for acruise round the world, under the command of Rear Admiral Beauchamp Seymour, the late Private Secretary to the First Lord of the Admiralty. Mow- ever, some amends will be made this officer for the loss of a yachting trip, which las, no doubt, a won- derful and beneficial influence upon our officers aud men, and is appreciated by fag oflcers as a very enjoyable command. However, Admiral Seymour, I understand, will be appointed to one that will practically be more useful —viz., tne command of a squadron of observation for service on the coasts of Holland, the Baltic, &e., &c. The dagship will be the Narciksns, formerly the commander-in-chief’s ship ou the southeust coast of America, LOOKING TO THE RAST. A battalion of marines, about three hundred strong, 8 under orders to embark for service in Ja- pan. This, however, has nothing whatever to do with the present crisis, or in anticipation of events m the northern part of that country, where I hear Russia is continually making encroachments, but s¢ our Minister Plenipotentiary at Yoko- Harry Parkes, has made a special application through the Foreign Office to the Admi- rally requesiing that the Tenth regiment, now sta- tioned in that country, may be repiaced by a batta- lion of marines, this corps having, some few years since, when doing duty ashore tn Japan, gained for themselves a popularity and notoriety by their good discipline and behavior that was remarked upon by the residents, foreign and British, in no ordinary degree, IRON-CLADS ON THE IRISH COAST--THEN TO THE BALTIC. Let me return to the Channel squadron. First, it will only be a slight deviation to quote an incident Which occurred the other day, when the Penelope, an armor-plated coast guard siip, which has been doing duiy on the coast of Ireland, was overtaken in a fog, to lustance that when vessels ure ordered to convoy royaity itseif they are in some cases de- tainea by fogs which are not general tn our chan- nels at this season of the year; and this unfortu- nately befel the Penclope, one of our tron-clads, mounting eight 9',-ton guns and two®40-pounder Armstrongs, while she was on the passage from Ireland to Deal, where she was ww await orders and take in coal previous to proceeding to the Uumber river royal yacht Victoria anc to convoy the Albert, with his Royal High- ness the Princ ¥ from Grimsby Roads to Copenhagen; and the result was the royal yacht left without any Ship to convoy her. Their Koyal High- nessess the Prince and .’rincess of Wales will return. to England on Tuesday next from Denmark. THE NAVAL MONSTERS, ‘The Warrior is the only ship at present turned out of the hands of the dockyard people at Portsmouth after repairs, Which te Whole of that division as well as the Plymouth are undergoing. The former division consists of the foliowing ves- sels. ‘The Minotaur, flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, Vice Admiral Sir Hastings Yelverton, under the com- mand of Captain J. G, Goodenough, a fire-mast armor- plated ship, thirty-two guns, 1,350 horse power and 6,621 tons, With a total complement of 700 oficers and mea. The Warrior, under the command of Captain Hon. St. Carr Glyn, thirty-two ns, 1,250 horse power, 6,109 tons und a similar ship's company. ‘The Hercuies, fourteen guns, 1,200 horse power, 6,234 tons, Captain Lord Guford, with a complement of 650 officers und men. The Monarch (turret ship), seven guns, 1,100 horse power, 6,102 tons, Captain J, E. Commereil, GC, B.; $20 officers and men, All of these are iron-clads, and the Volage, eight an iron corvette, cased with Wood; 600’ horse tons, Captain F. W. Sullivan, ©. B., ment of 300 oficers and men, com- pletes Us division. PLYMOUTH DIVISION. The Second, or Plymonth division, under the com- mand of Rear Admiral Henry Chads, consists of the following ships;— ‘Yhe armor-plated ships Agincourt, flagship, twenty-eight guus, 1,350 horse power, 6,621 tous; Captain H. U1. Beamish and 700 officers and men. The Northumberland, vessel similar in alt re- spects to the Agincourt; Captain CG, H. May. The Captain, 81x gun: ret ship of the low freebord. ch I 3! to speak hereafter), 900 horse power, 4, tous, With a complement of 500 ofticers and men, under the command of one of the smartest officers in the British navy, Captain Hf T. Burgoyne; «nd the Inconstant and Helicon, the for- mer an iron screw frigate cased with wood, mount- ing sixteen guns, 1,000 liorse power and 4,066 tons, under the command of Captain Aplin, and has a complement of 600 officers and men, and the latter a@ suall-paddle despatch ve used us a tender, ‘These ten vessels form KEngiand’s Channel squad- ron, which is manned by about 5,500 men. THE FLAG, The commander-in-chief, who had been on a short leave, rehoisted his flag yesterday morning on board the Minotaur, at Portsmouth, aud [ think, im all probability, the fleet will proceed to sea about the vth of next month. ‘the ship Captain, which arrived at Spitnead on Thursday from her second experimental cruise, is, I hear, to go into harbor to undergo examination by the engineer ofiicials to ascertain currectly her ceutre of displacement aud inquire Into other mat- ters of a scientific nature connected with the ship. Her cruise has been of a most satisfactory character. She will no doubt prove a most efficient vessel under, all circumstances, as when under sail alone, on ber return voyage, the ship was cleared for action and the crew calied to gencral quarters in less than five minutes, which 13 considerably under the time the Monarch takes to do the like. The ship was under plat sail at the time, with a light wind, when a target was thrown out and she worked round it under sail alone, keeping up a continual fire from her turret guns—the small-arm men, sheltered be- hind the hammock breastworks, pouring tmto the target bullets from their breech-loaders—the vessel during the time being worked by the sail trimmers and the met stationed at the two guns on the hur- ricane deck. Under steam alone she was propelled at speeds from five to elght and a half knots per hour, and consumed 360 and 600 pounds of coal per mile respectively. ‘The Hercuies has nad a steam capstan fitted, but the experiments tried with itat present have not come up to the expectation of the oificials, although {have no doubt the dimculty will be got over, and from what | could see on board of her yesterday it ap- peared to me that the derect arose from the inability of working the auxiliary boilers to full pressure to supply steam to the capstan engine. She goes out to Spithead on Monday, whicre she will be swung for the adjustment of her compasses, and ‘he following day will make another trial of her capstan. ‘he Minotaur will most likely leave Portsmouth harbor on Tuesday, and the high ireebord turret ship Monarch on Friday. COAST GUARD. The ships forming the coast guard squadron, all of which are iron-elads, now on their sumuer drill, are cruising in the vicinity of Bantry, tn Irelan where, in the event of their being required, they cai be communicated with in a few bouts FAILURE. The Active, a new tron vessel of the Iaconstant class, cased with wood, which 18 to be attached to the squadron of observation, is @ regular failure. She did not even come up to her indicated horse power by about 1,000, and the engineer officials who Went out on her six hours’ run are hors de combat from the intense heat they experienced in her en- gine room and stokehole. This, however, 1s tobe remedied if possible by the construction of a veuti- lating shaftin one of her funneis. BITUMINOUS COAL AND SMOKR. The experiment of combining bituminous coal and smoke for steam purposes has been tried on board the Active, with the same success as attended Us adoption by the inventor, Mr. Thomas Wiilians, aroyal naval engineer officer some twenty yeurs ago, and from what 1 saw on board this ship yes. terday Wis very evident to me that whoever his ordered experiments to be tried on tits priaciple hag committed a grave error of judgment, inasmucn as to consume ts combination of bitmutnous coal aud. smoke the furnaces on board her have had to be shortencd and @ channel of cold air admiticd througy of the boldzea. i SEARS EEL aS Yet your readers, I venture to say, wil! barely credit the fact that, wille tiese experiments have been Marked with such signal fatlures, the British Ad- miralty have given instructions that the furnaces in all ships throughout their navy are to be ta a like manner shortened and the backs of the bridges a tered to aliow a current o! coid air to pass through, fo enable them to consume this wonderful fuel, watch has been proved beyond all doubt that it 4s totally impossible to be adopted—but 1 can ex- plain the mystery, 1 think 1t 18 a “pet oficial’ who has the experiments i hand, and he has hood- winked the authorities that he is able and capabie of adapting the combination into # {uel for steain pro- pelliug purposes, and for the reason tiat he ts one of their disciples he is allowed to spend the country’s money in absolute waste, for no benefit whatever is to be gained hor saving effected, as each furnace 50 altered will cost the country rather more than Uiree pounds, or, take an ave of exch ship throughout the service, about £100 per ship. SUBMAKINE TORVEDOKS. : The sea torpedoes invented by Commander Frederick Harvey are now being experimented wath, and the naval otlcers and men at the several ford are being instructed in their use, ARTILLERY AND MARINES. ‘The whole of the royal marine artillery and royax marines are under orders to hold themsetves im readiness {or 1mmediate embarkation, ‘A DANGEROUS PERIOD. At the present time the Channel squadron cannoy be refitted under three months. When the former adininistration beld oftice this could @ been done easily In two weeks, and this will give your readers an tdea of the reductions made by the present Ai miralty; and now they want artiflcers they are un- able to get them. Just as [am closing my letter I hear that the Ad- Miralty are likely to alter their decision as to the Channel squadron; therefore Lexpect they will pro- bably go to the Azores, but keep within a certain dis- ‘ance in cause of their being required. The fying squadron under Kear Admtrat Geoffrey Hornby, now on tts passage home, arrived at tae Suadwien Lslands in te and expected lo arrive at Valparaiso about August. The Great Stakes in the War Game. {#rom the London Times.} «** The Kinperor Napoleon stakes Mts dynasty on success, No one knows better than he that ia such an enterprise, begun in despite of Europeaa Opinion and against the remonstrances of lis near- ally, the only safety hes in a series of briliiant ciories, followed by a triumphant peace. To ex- tort such a peace [rom aay tirst class State is a work which may test the highest qualities of generat und army; bui when it can oniy be won by trampling on the veck of a nation of sorty millions the enterprise is hazardous indeed, The Germans, on their side, well know that to yletd would be political ruin. What they lose they can never recover; the position they accept af the close of such a war they can never sc am. The waris for the Rhine, which has for centuries been the avowed object of Freach ambition, It the French succeed in con- quering it and holdmg it under a treaty of peace, there is not the smallest hope that it could ever be won again by Germany, The bauk would be- come a3 Indissolubly incorporated with France as Alsace, and the territory of tne defeated and ence more divided Fatherland would be permanently curs tatied. Can tt be supposed that a nation which sees in the future the poss:blity of a loss so overwhelm- ing Will not strain every nerve in defence of Its satc ty, we might almost say ts existence Every German has passed his life in pon- dering on this very struggle, which has come ag last. At last! after belug threatened by France maucan recollect, in speeches and es in plays and rlymes, in the conversation of higu and low. The Germans, on their part, have been singing about the Rhine as long as they cam remember, with a display of patriousm which would make any section of the people ludicrous aud despicabie in tuetr countrymen’s eyes and their owa if they heid aloof from the present conflict. Wha’ is passing 18 only what might have been expected. The South German States stand by the national fig which is held aloft by Prussia, and the feeling at Vienna and in the Germaa provinces of Francis Joseph is already such that a court with Freach sym. pathies will have to conceal them carefully, & not abandon them altogether, AUSTRIA. asiong as eac 3, Interests of the Nationalities in the War. {Vienna (July 23) correspondence of the Eastern Budget of Berlin.) It ls of great importance, in cousidering the policy of Austria in the war, to ascertain’ how far the atti- tude of the government is tn accordance with the views of the various nationalities of which the em- pire is comnosed, Among the Germans there are @ few corporations which have demanded from the government an unconditional neutrality towards Prussia, So impolitic and unstatesmanlike a de- mand has, as might be supposed, found but few sup- porters, and the majority of the Germans approve the government policy. Similar demands were made by the Hungarian radicals, usually so pugna- cious in the Parliament at Pesin; but the notion of Austria remaining deienceiess and unprepared in presence of the great eveuts which are iinmunent ws scouted by all the most eminent politicians on both sides of the Leitha. Neutrality is one political watea- word at Pesth, as at Vienna; but the Hungarians, with such neighbors a3 Russia in the north and Kou- mania tn the south, feel that they must be at least as wat as their countrymen im the other hull of the empire. As to the attitude of the Poles im this crisis 161s in every Way satisfactory. They ask neither for war nor for defenceless neutrality, ior both migiit be ruinous to them; but they put their trust in the Hapsburg dynasty, which they believe Will protect and periaps deliver them from their long bondage. it is not merely among the fanciful and the superstitious that certain hopes are at- tached to tne circumstance tiat exactly 100 years are now about to clapse since the first partition of Poland. The policy of the Czech agitators, on the other hand, excites universal disgust. Afcer in- viting France to join them against Prussia they now jJoudly call upon Kussia to side with Prussia. Such conduct can only serve tomake the Czech nation- ality Cuntemptivie in the eyes of ali Europe. OLD WORLD :TEMS. The two sons of Count Bismacrk form part of the First Dragoons of the Prussian Guard. A portion of the original manuscript of “Oliver / Twist,” in the handwriting of the autuor, has beea sold lor £50. The Hungarian Minister of Public Worship has advised that the promulgation of tae dogma of Papal uifallibility shouid be prohibited. The King of Prussia has received from M. Oppen- heim, a banker of Coljogne, ove million of thaiers asa coutribation towards the expeuses of the war. An order has been given to @ coutractor at Dublin for 2,000 horses for the French army. There are also several Prussian troop horse buyers in Dublin. The Swiss Federal Council has placed a tax of 600f. on the export of horses. ‘Tne Federal Assem- a3 elected Colonel Paravictnt head of the stadt 36 votes. The pupils in the varlous French colleges have neariy everywhere given up the books which they would receive as prizes in order that the money may be subscribed to the fund for helping tue wounded. ‘The Church of Notre Dame des Victoires, tn Paris, ts daily crowded by the wives, mothers, sisters and sweethearts of the Soldiers gone to the War, praying lor the success of the men So dear to them. arpeau has given a statue of a Neopontan man aud two busts of bis group at the aew opera house to be sold in ald of the tuud for the re- let of the wounded. When the Prussians blew up the pler of the bridge at Keil, on the right bank of the Rhine, the ex- plosion was terrible, the ta | Lowers were destroyed, and Iragments were projected over on the leit bank of the river. Accounts from Algiers state that in Kabylia, tne country of the major part of the Turcos, great en- thusiasm for the war is mantfested, and numbers of volunteers are offering themselves, M. Roaelsturtz, a Prussian by birth, but a nata- ralized Frenchman, has undertaken to give up hail of 60,000f, a year, his fortune, in favor of the vicums in France of the present war. A betting office in Brussels having announced that a list was opened ior or against the first buttle be- tween France and Prussia, the indignation of the public was 80 great that the police were compeited to interfere and put an end to the affair. The heat at Bologna, Italy, was so great July 18 that the thermometer marked 389 8-10 degrees Uen- Ugrado (103 6-L0 Fanrenhett). Since 1813, when the first reguiar observations were male at the Observa- tory of that city, So nigh a temperature had not been known. In the Ninth battalfon of the National Guard Mobile, which 1s composed entirely of young men of fortune, 2 dimculty has arisen; the oficers are un- able to lind servants, as the poorest of the men lave at Jeast 12,000f, a year. These millionnaire citizens will be obliged to sweep out vhe guard room aid perform the most menial services, In case of deteat Prussia can cover her troops’ front by eight fortified places—Ulm, Rastadt,Germershetin, Landau, Mayence, Cobientz, Cologne and Wesil. All of these are very considerable, except Landau and Wesel, being well constructed and tn a good state uf repair, are built after the German plan of fortitica~ tion, and can contain from 30,000 to 80,000 men eacn, A letter from Strasbourg says that M. Leroy, Physician-in-Chief of the First corps d'arm¢e, has fired two pistol shots into his breast. It ts believed that he was acting under an exaggerated idea of a point of honor. He found that an infriaity of long standing would prevent him from going through the campaign, and he was afrald of exposing himself to a charge of cowardice in not following the army. Feliclen David is the author of some admirable music to the words of the “Rhin Allemand;" bat when the late surprising events came upon us all it never occurred to the composer to bring out a popu- lar ealtion of his melody. One of his friends, how- ever, supplied the omission, a small edition was published and 800 copies sold in @ single day, The intelligent minds of Holland incline to the opinion that a cenfederation of Northwestern Europe, inclading Denmark, Holland and Belgium, world best insure the liberty aud independence of each, and equalize that balance of power In Rurope necessary for its peace. The German idea, however, seems to be expansion and absorption and the e3- taplisnment of a great empire—-tba most yowemml on the globe,