The New York Herald Newspaper, October 25, 1869, Page 8

Cholera Ravages—Four Hundred Deaths a Day—Opening of 2 Brahmo Somaj Temple Doctrines of the New Faith—Deputation European “Lonfers”—Suit for Separation from Her Hivdoo Husband by an English Lady—Curious Action in Reference te an Idol, CALCUTTA, August 29, 1869, Although at Umritsir, Agra, and several other places which have been attacked, cholera has sen- sibly abated, ft 1s still raging in many districts in various parts of the country with fearful violence, and the totai death rate is, at the very lowest esti- mate, 400 day, Since 1858 there has been no hot reason so fatal a8 the present to Europeans. Al) through the Northwest provinces the pestilence 1s making sad ravages. At Gwalior the deaths are from sixiy to ahundred a da$, and Sepree, Bhopal and Sehore are suffering heavily. The scourge seems, indeed, to be steadily marching along the Agra road to Bombay, At Indore the native Rajah has made the people offer sacrifices outside the city walls, with bare heads and dry ¢ tttes, but without any marked success, as upward of 1,000 men have perished during the past three weeks, All through Malwa the horrors of pestilence are aggravated by the privattons of famiue, especially among the thousands of pilgrims who haye been visiting the siirine of Omcar, and are now opliged to remain in that district until the rains are over. From Southern India we hear almost equally gloomy tidings. At Hyderabad the cholera has made ter- ribie inroads, 2nd at Madras and all the other main centves of population it has bad more or less victims. In tae presence of this severe mortality it is but Datura! that the medical faculty should be severely _ctucised, In spite of the careful observations that have been made of this fatal scourge, in spite of the repeated supposed discovery of the proper mode of treatment, and in spite also of the improved sanitary surroundings of the greater part of the population, the percentage of deaths to attacks 1s higner than ever. Elther the malady must be increasing in viru” lence or the more modern forms of treatment are even less eflicactous than the old. Physicians are beginning to despa of mastering the grand secret of this most fatal of Indian diseases; no theory, how- ever plausible and reasonable, has yet been found to conform to the facts of the case. ‘ A seml-ofllcial statement has been made that ‘unless a very marked and scarcely hoped-for 1m” provement takes place in the crops the proposed Durbar of the Duke of Edinburg at Agra will not be he}d. At present there seems every likelihood of there being neXt season a disastrous famine all over the Punjab, and in many districts of Lower Bengal, at the best, we can only hope that the crop will be barely sufficient to maintain the people. So the Governor General bas very wisely made up his mind to abandon that splendid project of a royal Darbar, which should eciipse the old magnificence of those of Akbar and Jehangir, Last Sunday a temple of the new religious falth of educated Hindoos, the Brahmo Somaj, was opened with simple but appropriate ceremonies in this city. As a spectacie, the affair was not very noteworthy; there was no attempt at Oriental pomp, anda the service, though it lasted from ualf past six in the Morning unui! seven o'clock at night, consisted merely of hymns, prayers, silent meditation, social conversation and readings, in imitation of Chris- tian churenes, there was a collection ‘for the build- ing fund,” aud notice was given that regular wor- slippers could have seats aliotted to them. But un- pretending as it may be, the Brahmo Somaj will Provably do more to break down Hindoo idolatry and the system Of caste distinclions than the elabo- Fate aud Costiy missions of the various branches of the Christian Church. Founded thirty years ago by an educated and enlightened Bengaies, Who despised the faith of his native country, and at the same lme doubted the claims of Christianity, Brahminism bas assumed a form that corresponds exactly to the reiigious needs of a large ciass of the native community, Missionaries bilteriy complain that education instead of preparing the mind of the Hin- oo for the Gospel of Christ mereiy disposes him to disbelief of ali revealed religion. Tue reason of this isvery simple. The Bavoo, mtimately acquaintea witn the Vedas and the history of Gandama, the last Buadb, tells his Carisuian imiends that pe regards their faith as but another deveiopment of the Indian Teiigions, and to confirm his statements he will point to what he and many Europeans who have lived in India believe to be the origia of many parts of the Bibiicai narrative o1 the life of Christ. Gandama, he ‘Wil show you, like Cnrist, Was the scion of a royal Rouse; cages visited bis cradie and foretold for him @spiendia destiny as a reformer, and he inauga- Fated his itssion to his fellow creatures by puss- ing through a severe temptation, in the course of Which the spirit of evil offered Bim universal do- minion. It can easily be conceived that a very slight correspondence between the two religions is 80 Hlatiering to the national Vanity of the Hindoo that he readily adopts a@ belief in their common orrgin, i ‘the Brahmo Somaj offers to men of this class a faitu which they can easily accept. An American Uistening to the entoustastic but somewhat dreamy Thapsodies of the Brahmist may easily believe that he 18 attending @ Spir:tualist convention. ‘he Brah- 8 seli to be pre-euinently a truth seeker, and (o bave dismissed from his mind ail beulef in a revealed religion, Whether it be tat of Brabma, or Gandama, or Mohammed, or Unris He recogn however, im the government of the universe a beneficent and loving intelligence, and to that supreme Leing whose goodness has ‘created @od sustained him he offers the homage of his mner- most soul. AS a rule of life he accepts the intuitive teachings of bis conscience and the dictates of reason, and be is also Wiling to bow to such laws of conduct a3 experience has proved to ve wise and necessary. Of @ lue beyond the grave he knows nothing, but belleves in It, because be has an Intul- tuve knowledge of its existence, and because itseems agreeatie to uis inted ual perceptious of the gen- eral laws of the universe, Such gre very briefly the leading doctrines of the mew faith, aud they are fast spreading over Bengal anlong the educated natives, ihe must important aspect of the Bomaj, however, in the eyes of Buro- peans, is that it refuses to countenance the distuac- Livhs of caste. Whether it will become a permanent fori oi religious faith is, of course, doubtful; but It s certalniy dolag much to break down the’ hold of Brahimigism upon the affections and inteliect of the Hindoc gut leader of the Soma) (Baboo Kesti ) contemplates golng io Eng Jand r year, and 1 have been told, thoug ou doubtiul authority, that he may possibiy ex- tend wis visit to toe States. By the way, J beard the Otier diy that a promiment Himdoo scholar, Baboo Peary Cuand Mittra, 1s a Spirituaist aud correspouds with Judge Edwonds, A jaw has just been passed for the suppression of Buropeau Vugraucy. Ali over the country there 13 & repntable white men who live by y theit, Phey are mostly sailors trayel irom their saips away into the in- or auldiers woo, having outaiued leave to stay OU Me expiration of their term of service, have failed in busta These mea are regard the more torcunate wastes wudal WO the Cau- casiaa race, and 1% has at last been determined to deport them to England, A lade Wo las Was been ted wil be liavie to aterm of imprisonment if he Visits India again without special peruusstou. $ just come up bei Au English tac eaded informa p of §20,000, her dower, trom h 3 thal some ten years ago tbl no Liik, be Ww ug England. One oi Taarry u ‘uke of the ew to pay a sum of 10,000 rapecs as ¢ @ suit for breach of promise, this 1 are, married he: w Ood-deen, and 1 1860 I Goi possession oi ber moncy aud lel vi ine his Wis Las Not ¢ him, ined | eived any pecans She has Low como out to India, usband asks that ne shall be noes. she ulso desir at tne dec.sion of tae court 1: ne Case Will nO velop Many ivatures vi interes ‘ br singular suit has becn brought before the Cuicutia courts by an old lady tor compe! on in respect of #0 Idol Which ® man Whom she had @ivpted as her godson had taken away from her, She ciaimed 6v0 rupees, and although spired thal the aan Was making 1,000 rupees a year prot ‘ol the iaage the court only gave her a verdict for (en rapees. Ju the course af the trial she made the ioilowing explauatory remarks childien, J want iy bones back, I am starving, crying Gave become ‘hia. All these evils Of course, sue belleved, resulted from the idol AVI passed Oub Of Ler yossess.on. Subsequently When tue vernict was declared she eried out, “Let sot go on us itis going on, Mave reliance in bod.” ‘ihere 18 very Jittle busivess doing just at present, and most of the more vrijiiant stara of the sectal lcaven ure twinkling at Sia. There is, therefore, very ltue money eituer being made or spent, APOMANISTAN AND CENTRAL ASIA, The troubiesy of the Ameer Shere Alt Dave bus berun, abd though fie oficial newspapers, remem- bering Ulat tie government nave pledged themselves to inaiuidin bin op his throne, and wave, in fact, already given bim twelve iacs ov rupees ($600,000) Jor that purpose, cry out that there is no cha ol lus being overthrown, the prospect of nis success. Tully carrying out bis projeces of reform is not very encouraging. The Amect, however, is taking a very Vigorous aud energetic Course. Several Harugzye yovies who rebelied with Ismail Khan have been Nnprmoned; aud two chiefs, who sheltered him after hus escape, have had to tind security for their loyalty to the amowit of half a lac of yupees. It is more than provavie that Ameen-o0d-dowia, a very pow. ertal chiet, will Boon raise the standard of revolt, Tits chief has pituerto been one of the Ameer's mos? sheadlagt friends, DUL be 1 intensely mdiguent ST NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1869.—TRIPLE SHEET. at the new land laws promulgated by the sovereign. It ts Bald also that the Ghilzyes, who are reputed the flercest and most warlike 07 all the tribes of Turkis- San, are prearing for insurrection, Then, th addi- tion to this bad news, there is the fact that Ismail Khan 1s still at large, and 18 probably actively en- gaged in brewing mischief, Cholera in the Punjab—Probable Famine in the Northwest ProvinceThe Duke of Edine burg’s Durbar—Expected Arrival of Prince ‘Alamayo, of Abyssinia—Charges of Ill-Treate ment by the Crew of the Boston Bark No antum—Statistics=Improvement in Trade. CarcuTra, August 30, 1869, Cholera is so usual a visitation in the latter part of tue summer in India that tts advént excites little more alarm or interest than epidemic catarrh would in the city of New York. This season, however, thls dread pestilence has assumed—espectally in the Punjab ana the northwest provinces—a form of extreme severity. Reports and telegrams from all parts of India announce more or less deaths, and in some districts the mortality 1s startlingly heavy. At Umrikur during the last thirteen days there have been over a thousand recorded deaths, 619 of whicn have occurred during the last week, At Agra, Benares, Allahabad, Tubat- koo and Cawnpore the pestilence is steadily making tnroads upon the native population, In Madras also theré are thirty to forty deaths a day. So far only about 350 European deaths are reported, and eighty-six of these occurred at Allahabad, com- prising among the rest the military commander of the qistrict, Major General Harris. From ail quar- tera the reports show that the ravages of this fatal malady are daliy increasing, and at the present wriling the rate of deaths must at least exceed a couple of hundred per diem. The immediate cause of the present outbreak is supposed to be the long coutinued drought, and the mortality will no doubt be heavier unless we soon have a plentiful fall of rain, The cholera now raging is only a simple form of the disease, but the proportion of deaths to attacks is in most cases atleast seventy per cent. This ig vhiely owing to the feeble constitutions of the natives, Jt is said, not without great apparent truth, that a single blow from a Euro- pean fist kUls a Bengalee immediately, Fed only on rice and carry, supplemented, perhaps, with a few cucumbers and bananas, the nativé standard of vitality is very low; and even the little stamina he has is genera!ly drawn upon to as great an extent as is compatible with mere existence by immoder- ate indulgence tn the most pernicious forms of sen- sual pleasure. His flagging powers are urged for- ward by the use of bang (Indian hemp) until he becomes so feeble that he can scarcely walk; and, of course, In the event of an attack of disease, he has no vital resources to fall back upon. It is not very wonderful, therefore, that the natives perish by thousands 1n the presence of a cholera epidemic. ‘The long drought seems likely, however, to lead to sadder resulta than it has yet produced. The crops all over the Northwest will inevitably fail unless some change in the weather takes place; ana we Shall then have to witness the horrors of a famine yet more widespread and disastrous than that memorable one of Orissa, Even now at Agra and Lucknow rice has risen to four times tne usual price, and the people are pareiy able to support themselves on tneir scanty wages. The bazaars are thronged with halffamished wretches, who eye wistfully the grain, of which they are only able to buy on starvation allowance. Should the fear we now entertain of a general fam- ine in the Punjab prove well founded it is true that, owing !o the present facilities for transporta- tion afforded by the ratiroads, the government can in @ few hours suppiy its starving subjects with food. But the expense involved tn doing this will be @ serious blow to the revenue; and, even at the best, the ald will ee prevent Wholly the occur- rence of extreme mfSery and fearful privation, aud probably, also, great mortality from starvation and the diseases that spring from deficient nourishment, This gloomy prospect has already induced the authorities to postpone a little later the prepara- tions for the Duke of Edinburg’s durbar at Agra in January next; and should the expected famine occur the durbar will not tak’ place at all. if Mt should ultimately be held, however, it will eclipse in magnificence and pomp every pageant that India has seen since the days of Akbar and Aurungzebe. It 18 soime- what lard to expiain exacuy waal a durbar is, It is most like a grand court of reception, extending over several Guys, at waich affairs of state are dis- cussed and settled, while phe intervais of business are employed in festivity and piedsure. All the feudatory princes of India, numbering ta all ho jess than 150 rajahs, rajpoots and maha- Tajahs, together with a nizam and an ameer, will be summoned to pay their respects to the sou of Queen Victoria, All of the 70,000 British troops 120,000 Sepoys who can spared from garrison and frontier duty will be assembled together for luspection, The more impor- tant oficlais from every province will be invited to atvend, and the leading~nutive and European mer- chants Wil spontaneously obey a tacit wish for their presence at this, the most Imposing gathering of whatever India holds of rank, veauty, power anu wealth jor 4 century and a haif. But this gorgeous pageant would, indeed, be a dreary commentary upon the beueilcent ruie of the Briiish government in India, if 1¢ should be hietd amid the piteous entreaties of 30,000 of its subjects for te bare meaus of existence, Under native rule faimines were, no doubt, more ffequent than the, are now; but criminal admiuistrative negiigenc aione can explain the fact that, {a a country #0 fer- ule a8 ludia, a single failure of w harvest should mean universal desuituuion, And especiaily 1s this the case when the accumulative genius of the Hin- doos Is taken into account, Under anything like a tolerable system of taxation the native of India wii ama-s money. N. rid_ are more tem- perate and ec terrible ag they are, are inexpensive ones; the merest pittance sut- fices thein for subsistence, and (he one absorbing desire of every Hindoo heart is to be rich. it wouid be @ long story to show how it 1s that these mijiions of people, With whom money-making is an entorail- Ing passion, remain in the lowest depths of poveriy. But iv can be easily understood that the greatest part of the blame rests upon the shoulders of Uhetr rulers. ‘The durbar, therefore, will ouly be held if the crop should tura out a great deal wore favorably taan we can at present hope. it has been suggested thas even suould tere be a famine tn the Panjab, we durbar might be eld in some other part of India. but the autuorities are conscious that @ pageant of this kind anywhere, im @ bad season, must greatly aggravate the sutierings of the peopie. The native indian princes are vain as peacocks, bat their hearts are Lard aud plitiess a8 the netuer millstone, Ratuer than be outshone at so important a gathering tcy would wring the last anna froi taeir auis and nominal subjects; they would cheerfuily cox thousands of the busy human bees who feed with choice daintt-3 and clothe them 1p luxnricu purple to a lingering death from starvauion, If tucy might but wear another j in the hilt of their daggers. So the Goveruor ral, anxious as he may be to entertain the Prince with a durbar, can hardly reconcile it with his consctence to hold'it at the Cust ol 8o wuch human tiisery. Unless the out- took mends rapidly, this splendid pageant will douvtiess be indefiniiely postponed, By the last wail sent on an account of the grand I given by tue Rajah of Jeypore to tue Governor weral at Simla, The Gazette of India now notl- pHoinunent vo the Legislative Council of dis Hignes# Saramad: Kajal Hindostan cajendta oti Manarajah Dara) Siva Kam Singh Bauauur, Kulght Commander of the Star of india of deypore. it is \iough the truth of une rumor may, under vie circumstances, be doubted, (iat Cus Pruce mtends vo print bis full Ju his visiting cards, Alainayo, Wie son of King Theodore, of dd shorty to arrive in Cal. The goverument nave authorized @ grant rupees (£4,000) per annum Jor is education nauce. this week been pr uiate by the crew of t = S erred at the ue Boston bark against the two lates, (reacment during tne um, Cay! Kogera and Kyan, of wl yage from Liverpool to Calcutta, — 8 of the men exutbited palpaoie marka { the M-usage they hud recetved, and as the mates sade oniy a Invdtiled denia: of the charge, the Con- T. Jacubs, bas decided to allow the mea to Ve the sulp. Tals involyes @ loss on the part of tue ship of tnree montis’ wages, The ow ers are the Messrs, Cushing. One of the crew, named Curl Joban Novehrist, tell overboard during the voyage and Was drowned, The statistics of Indian tradé just published are very encouraging. In 1806-6, the grand total of exports and linports rose as high us £1238,514,004, but afier the panic in 1866-7 it fell to £05,440.109. The years 1s05-0 shows an inerease to £) Hombay has @ commerce of anout us, than Calcutta, and these two porta betw have £90,000,000 of the total trade—mc four-flths. The raw cotton exported jast y aimounted to £2u, 149,825, an Increase 0! nearly £1,0 O00 Upon Jas¢ year. ‘Ihe best authorities mm India, however, doubt whether this high rate can be main- tained When the Southern States again reach their producing point before tue war, CENTRAL ASIA AND AFGHANISTAN, Lientenant Heyward aud Mr. Siaw, who started some Months ago op @ tour Of exploration through Eastern Turkistan, bave returned to Leh on we Indies. We have hut the scantiest news from them, but shall no doubt soon hear more, They seem w have been wall pleased with their reception by the Koosh-begl, tuough they were placed under surveii- lance fraw the moment they entered Turkistan, and were not allowed to enter either Yarkund or Kash- gar. They were also separated from euch other tor sometime. The Koosh-begs seews nervously afraid of both the Sritish and the Kuséians, and desires to nave no deaimga with either, He pelicves folly in an invasion of India by Russia, and has erected a line of forts along the Russian frontier, which he says he liopes will de suMcient to check It. The prospects of trade with Yarkund are very good, if the hoosti-begi will only consent to its establishment, ‘The people are eager to get regular supplies of Indian tea, and are especially anxious to obtain the wreen Loas of the Kanara valley, — ASIATIC RUSSIA AND CHINA. M. Severtso®’s Journey to the Upper Naryn, At-Basha and Aksal. The Russian government has had translated and supplied to the European journals received by the Jast mail from Great. Britain the following highly important report of the progress of the explorations of M. severtsoff in Asiatic Kussta and China, detail- ing hig route march to the Upper Naryn, At-Basha and Aksal, with ithe view of exploring the Thian Shan range, lying between the Issik-Kul lake and Chinese Turkestan. M, Severtsotf saya:— On the 14th of September, 1867, M. Severtsoff left Fort Vernoye for his expedition to the Naryn and trans-Naryn country. A fall of snow had already covered the mountains and the groves of apple and apricot trees; but there was every probability that tis early suow would disappear under the iniiuence of the sun’s rays, and such eventuaily was the case. Starting on foot in an east-northeast direction, M. Severtsou crossed the northern slope of the northern chain of the trans-Hi Alatau range, and commenced the ascent of the range by the picturesque valley of the Turgen (a tributary of the Hi), its banks were of porphyry rocks, and its bed was covered with granite pebbies, brought down by the glaciers, ac- cording to M, Severtaoi’s opinion, as they overlaid the porphyry, and could only have been brought down irom the watershed divicing the ‘urgen and Assa fivers, ‘the slopes of the bauks were covered with shrubs of biack bar- berry (Herbverts heteropoda) and hawthorn, and here and tuere with apple trees; the black barberry gcows here up to @ limit of 4,500 leet and the apple tree at 6,300 feet, At 6,000 Jeet under- wood of white fr commences, well stocked with par- tridges. ‘Te most remarkable species of these birds here met with were te eastern Siberian. ‘These are only 10uud in Siberia beyond the Yenissey river, aud, in common with a distinct Kind of nightingale /Cal- lope atoigula) and other Siberian forms, are met with on the hills running southwest by northeast. ‘the pass across the first range (9,300 feet) is uncon- nected with the sources of the Turgen, which are lower and souta of the pass, and axe situated ina Jongitudinal valley. Alver an easy ascent from the Assa, M. Severtsoil reacted the principal pass across the northern chain of the trans-Hi Alatau, ot a height of from 9,800 to 9,000 leet, ‘Chis pass 18 very narrow and entirely bare of trees, and the bare rocks were visible as the ciouds rolled away from under the feet of tie travel- jers, Above their heads here, as on all the passes, was seen the idminergeyer, or bearded vulture (Gypaetos oarvatus), In tie underwood of white fir, about 300 feet below the summit, among others a siverian deer, pecullar to tne Altal, Was Killed, and a great mountain partridge (Megaloperdiz Nigeti). — Dee scending by the Dijiniskke and crossing to the river Chuik, M. Severtsvif traversed the bare steppe to the Merke rivu.ets (tributaries of the Charin, or eit brauci of the Hi), Ou the high piateau between tle two ranges of the trans-Hj Alatau, the grasses were of the ordinary steppe character, at an altitude of 6,000 fee. The wood of Ak-togot, at the confluence of the Karkar and Kegen, with, the three Merke rivuiets, Whose united waters form the river Charin, 1s sit ated, Dot at the loot of the range, but in a deep grau- ite fissure dividing the range longitudinally, while the three Merke :rivulets flow in granite detiles run- ning in an east and west direction. Whe valley of the Kegen, On the other hand, is wide, steppelike, Juil of springs and teeming with conglomerates. in the thick low woods of white lr there were numbers of Siberian deer and roe deer, while the right bank of the Ak-togo} abounds m Ovis Ammon, mountain sheep and Siberian goats (Capra Sidiricu). Further on a. Severtsoif crossed the barely perceptib.e Santash Pass O1 the southern chain of te trans-Hi Alatau, and cume to the sources of the issik-Kul, the rupe and Djargalau. On the leit bank of the Aksu, a tri- vutary of the Djargalau, is situated the outpost of Aksu, in the immediate vicinity of which a Tartar eucampment has aiready been established for trad- ing with the Kara Kirghizes, and 1s frequented by the Kashgur caravans, for wuich it serves as a hast- ing piace. Here he was deiained for some days by bad weatier, and 1¢ Was not Lill the 2utn of Septem- ber that he leit Aksu. On quitting this piace, and after crossing the Djatiaksu, he observed in the 1olan Shan the gray sandstoue and cougiomerates which are usually ludicative of the presence of coal. On the 2d of Uctober he approaciked the mouth of the Bors-Kaun, which joius the lasik-Kul tuiry versts (L\wenty miles) West of the Zauk. ‘he alt- tude of the lake (isaik-Kul) he ascertained to be 5,000 feet—a mean between the estuinates of Seme- noif (6,400) and Golubiedl (4,50u). Cereals (wheat and barley; grow 400 feet above tue levei of the iake; but at 5,700-5,800 feet (the altitude of Asku) they ao hot flourish, The agricuiturausis are Kirguizes, but there is actually one Russian peasant, Wao came frou one of the provinces of Great tussia to pros- pect the laud lor future colonists. He has pow been \nere two years, and has been very successiui with his crops on the Zauk, and is sanguine of being soon able Ww Bave enougi money to return to ois own country, aud get others to join nin. M., Severtsoll ascended Lhe chain separating the Issik-ul from the Naryn by tue vailey of the Bors- Kaun. ‘Througn this valley the river rushes boister- tumbling in cascades and forcing its way over ge masses of granite—evideatiy glacier arift— ich ybatruct 1s course; but where y 18 uolinveded by the rocks Us current 13 sinooth afd its bed shal- jow. The vanks are low and covered with unde: wood of Wile fir, and walls of granite rise perpen- dicularly ou ether side of the valley. At the summit of the pass 18 & flat marsby valley, fed with springs wad asmali lake that was not frozen, though we thermometer stood at ifteen degrees Reamur ,about two degrees below Zero Faurenheit, Here there was ho snow, though the limit of perpetual snow 1s 1,000 feet velow the level of the pass, which Jatier at its summit M. Sev. erstult wuputes, ON A Comparison with the zauk Pass, oO be not much under 12,000 feet hign. All Ulat was visible in front was a low ridge of peaks (low in comparison with the elevaced puiieau ubove tie pass), aad M, Severtsoil deaceuded wa Wlae, Uneven Valley by a Larrow though easy dedle, wiica divides the watersued of the two Djaaktasil rivers, One flowing on either side of It aud oue of which lorces its Way through the rauge. In the wiae Valley at the foot of the pass aud on the way to tue Naryu river he observed at great elevations, ligner tuan the upper zone of the Junt- per, sev jake3 surrounded by alpine pasture land and covered with fescue grass (#es(uca), aud in pitces With Varieties of vetches (Astragalus), ‘The river Naryu, at the point where M. Severtsof’ Joi sar the Jake of Bati-Kicmix, Nows through vated, hillocky steppe; qhe bids are iow aud «1 Will steppe vegetation—Fesiuca, willow aud u few alpine varieties, ugh the mércury ts below tie freezing point for ten months of the year (hese steppes are entureiy devold of snow in Octo- ber, and in places where it ieli the sun’s rays soon meted it. The country is very rich in animal ine— cotlutless herds of mountata Sieep and goats range over these steppes, aud wild boars are also to be met with, One of the most inter- ting species, however, was the pale yellow ve bear, a Kiud of Ursus lsabeliinns, witch was See on the steppes between the Bors-Kaun and Naryn rivers. ‘Tas bear of the high eyrts (aplanas) preys cntirely on the marmot. At a distance it m8 quite white in color; in slape It 1s very like unary bear, though of suialier size, the [2maie ring four aud a quarter feet in length, and we talc up vo five feet. Its iuris loug and shaggy; tae huirs ure aa uiuch ag four luches in length. Its claw are straighter than those of the fc which it 18 very stntiar, For tae sake of distinc on this might be called the marmot bear. It is reniarkable luat the bear aud tue Wild boar should ty of 10 aryn are uncertain, asert that it takes its rise in rate. plateau east of the Zauk, which is confirmed by the fact that in the meridian of the bors-Kaun defile (76 deg. 53 min. east longitude) tie Naryn 18 already of considerable sz upying, With lis numerous branches, a basin versis two io two 4 @ had wiies) in wiih. At the Lake of Bati Kichis it stil is called the Larazai, and only takes the hame of Naryn at a point wo it 1s jowied b the Vian and Kurimekt, flowing from the south, Hi its first descent ends; it thea icaves the @levated sceppe, aad at an altitude of 9,500 fret enters & DaTrOW gorge, IMpassavie as lar as th Late Naryn, which flows irom the norch, taking its rise fa tie almost unexplored region of the Burs-Kaup pass, uear the lake 0: the same Dawe. Tae second desceat commences from the mous o1 t a, and here the river passes chrougit 40 GRAN plain, DeLWeen DUNKS sixty feet high, Frow Fort Surtka the valley of the Naryn narrows lo (weaty-tive versts (seveateen mules); aud the principal source of the Chirchik It again eo: # barrow aad completely impassable gorge, about seventy Versts (lorty-sevea miles) in length. | At its beiug jolued by the Natmang syr, aud flows by its third descent vdjend, in the wide willy vadey of Fergan., At 1 tue Syr Daria enters the steppe. In the es ther no waterialis; bat rapids are of wuent occurrence. [Yhere 18 @ Waterall on the Issue, tWenty-ilve versts (Seven! eeu mies) {rom Ver- hoye; aid on one of the tributaries of the Kara, near Kopal, computed to be 000 fees high, Tue color of the water of this river coniirms At k “et aby assertion of tue presence of glaciers at 19 aa _Asceauing the narrow though easy valiey of the Ulan, which is devold of arboreal vegetation, M. Severtsol?, despite the unwillingness of 18 guides 10 take bim iuriter, went south irom the Narya to the range of iis iying beyond the Naryn. ‘hero was Suh grass in the northera partof the Ulan valley, and the snow had tweed. Numbers of skulls of ihe Ovis Ammon and Capra sibirica—relics of the Hignts between the malesin spring—surewed the Ulan val- sey. abd above tie youks circled the enormous vuliur (ndicus—in all probability the fabulous gryphoa of Marco Polo. ‘Sie specimen secured by ihe travellers measured nine feet ove incties across the Wings and 4a therefore larger than the Amencan condor. Following the pass, Where perpetual snow Was not met with, M. Severtsott crossed from tne Ulan to ine right source Of the At-basiia, and, notwithstanding the deep snow lying on the northern bank of this river, he crossed another rang Foilowihg whe Uman, he descended to the At-basha. Three versts (two miles) from the confluence of the Uman with ‘the At-bosha the upper gone of white firs was reached—i, @., at 9,605 feet. The white fir anderwood 44 here very thick and continues to the river staelf, which winds through a defile 400 feet deep, Notwithstanding the latenees of the season (11th October, U. 8.) and the great unwillingness of his guides, M. Severtsoil was able to eflect a passage across the At-basha and its left atiiuent, the 1as-assa, aud directed big inarch to the next range, fv order to reach the Aksal river, This pass pr ed no great dimeuities and is only fteep for the last 900 Jeet of the ascent. Judging trom we fact of ite being 900 feet above the upper gone of bbe jupiper, M, Seyertwol estimates sts 1e ututes with th to altitute at 10,500 feet, which agrees with Buniakof- sky's barometrical observation (10,600 feet). Ascending the Tas-assa M. Severtsoi! saw before him the lofty undulating valley of the Aksal; to- wards the west the hills are lower and the descent insignificant. The mouth of the Terektl, a tributary of the Aksal, was found to be 10,000 feet, Beyond the Aksat lie the very lotty nulls of Kokki, covered with perpetual snow and apparently 6,000 or 7,000 feet above the Aksal. Towards the west they are lower; but further west, near the Chatir-Kul Lake, the lofty peaks were again visibie, The bagin of the Chaur-Kul was visible from the top of the pass; but, notwithsianding the great elevation of this lake, 1t had only just frozen, judging from tne cloud of vapor overhanging the water, ‘The snow storms and wind hurricanes obliged M. Severtsoff to return on the 18th October (0. 8.), ta velling along the At-basha to the Naryn. ‘The Pamir sheep (Ovis Poli), not having been seen by any traveller since Marco Polo, its existence was looked upon as almost fabulous till Lieutenant Wood brought a skull and some horns of it, which proved its authenticity. The new description was then named Ovis Polit, after Marco Polo, its discoverer. Doubis, however, Were entertained as to whether the species were not extinct, until M. P, Semenoff saw a considerable herd of these animals near the glaciers of Sari-Djaz, Which enabled him to assert positively their actual existence. M,N. A. Severtsoff witnessed une killing of one of these animals on the great and loity plateau of the Aksal. He describes its height at the withers as four feet, length seven feet, and the length of 18 spirally-spaped horns is four feet SX inches. Its neck is covered with a large shaggy mane, and the tail short. It is wild in its habits, but las become tamer owing to the depopulation of the country on the Aksal, Ak-vasha and Upper Naryn; the Sara-tojishi, having driven out the Chiriks and Bogus, are themselves afraid of camping there, for fear of “berantas,’? or raids, ‘The Ovis Polt 1s found in great herds; only a few of the Old rams remain apart from the rest, and are accompanied sometimes by afew ewes. They are preyed upon by the common wolf and a very rapacious kind of wolf known as the red alpine wolf (Canis alpi- nus parcus), very Common in these hilis, chough* so wary and shy that it has been impossibie hitherto to procure a speciiaen, The Ovis Polli is very hard to Kill, getting away after a shot which one would imagine must be mortal. From the skulls of this anitmal found, it appears that the Naryn is the north- ernmost limit mhabited by it; its southern limit is uncertain, ‘The steppe grass abounding on the elevated pla- teau extending irom the Samir to the Chan Tengri on the east, and to the Himalayas on the south, afford ample food for even so large an animal, while the numerous valleys give him shelter trom storms. ‘Severtsoil brought home two specimens, TELEGRAPH CABLES. The Extension in the Enst—Submarine Ene= mies and Light or Heavy Wires—Multiplied Charges. {From the China (London) Telegraph, Oct, 4.) In a recent notice of the several schemes lately put forward for extending telegraphic com- munication to China, we gave @ prominent piace to tue project of the “India, Australia and China ‘Tele- graph Company,” for laying a light cable, constructed ou Mr. Varley’ principie, between Ceylon and Pe- nang. We have more than once written in favor of this plan, but gome facts that have recently been publisied seem to indicate that the experiment ts a far more hazardous one than eitner ourselves or its promoters have hitherto suspected. The light cable has been tried aud found wanting. Indeed, it ts hardly likely that the ‘Telegraph Construc- fon ‘and datntenance Company would cling so tenaciously to .the system of heavy or ‘sron-clad’” cables unlevs it had been proved to demonsiration that the opposite principle (at all events as now applied) was totaily Inefficient. The dimes not long ago asserted, on good authority, that of late years there have been ¥,000 miles of light cable laid, some covered with thin wire, some cun- sisting of India rubber core alone, and others pro- tected with hemp and other substances, but that no line of this description has been found to last longer than one year, While.in some Cases the period has been a few weexs only. All the cabies now in work- jug order are of the strong and heavy form, and there seems no example of any kind that can be cited to justify the adoption or the iight principle. These are very damaging and discouragiag facts, aud they have evidently made a strong impression on tue public mind. Mr. Varley himselt comes to the rescue, by means of a long letter addressed to we daily papers, in vindication of his system, His argu- ments may ve briefly summed up tn a few sentences. Firstly, at great depths the bottom ts usually soft and even and Lue Water perfectly still; taerefore a cab.e once laid requires no coating of tron wire to preserve it from acfrition, &c. Secondly, the light cavle will sustain as muci as thirty-five miles of 1a own lengta in water without breaking, the heavy ouly teu; therefore tue former is inore easily recovered for the purpose of examination or splicing. Thirdly, most of the tauits in cables Lutherto jaid have arisen from tragwments of the iron wire used as @ coating having penetrated the gutta percha insuiator—a mischief obviously tmpoestule where no wire is used. Fourthly, smalier ships may be employed, and no paying-out macuinery i wanted, a3 “Kinks”? or “foul fakes” will be allowed to go overboard witheut any check or attempt to dis- entangle tuem, These and the alieged cheapness of the ligutcabe exnauss the arguments tn is favor. But they ure met by asimiar number of serious objections, The abseuce of ail danger from attrition, at great deptis, cannot be demed; but there is anoier fornudavle source of destruction—the boring of he toredo, an enemy onty to be dened by armor of proof. In like mauner we may admit that a light cable 13 more easily picked up, in case of need, than @ heavy one, but “prevention is bewter than cure,’? and the first Consideravioa is to lay & cable of such construction, and in sucit ® manner, as will reduce vo a minimum the chances of necessity for repair or renewal, And on the mode of laying, Mr. Dunbar J, Heath, @gentieman of considerable attainments tn electrical and mechanical science, adduces some luaportaat considerations. ‘fhe smalier the vessel used the greater, of course, Will be the amount of “pitching.” Ifa paying-out apparatus be used to control the jerking tus produced no “ight? cabie could bear the strain; uf (a8 is proposed) such appa- ralus be dispeased with, the cable would often ran out at the rate of twenty or perlaps Cuirty miles an hour—causing an enormously disproportuonate 1038 in slack’? or waste, Lastly, the queacion of cost is not placed on nearly so sausfactory a iooting as we expected, instead of belag so very much cheaper, Lhe light cab.e 18 as CXpensive as the heavy, it We may judge by the contract made for the section between Galle and tae Straits. Taking the actual aisiance from pornt to point, and without apy refer- euce Lo the “slack”? (Which it 18 admitted would be considerably greater with the light cabie), the sum Of £826,0u0 Lo be paid tue India Kubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company is at the rate of aimost £280 per mile, Which 18 nearly the same ag the cost oi the “iron-clad” cable between Suez and Bombay, while the heavy cable bewween Malta and Alexanuria cost only £250 per mile. ‘These calculations are particularly unfavorable to the success of Mr. Variey’s pet scheme. No doubt, betore long, tzere will be stei! further improvements in the coustruction of ocean cables, and in we Interest of progress we hope that the various diii- culties We huve dwelt on may soon be overcome; but for the present itseems to us far safer to trust to the well tied Jorin that has produced such satisfac- tory resuiis in the AUanwe and other Important lines. But by whatever means accomplished tue ex- vension Of the Red Sea line to China will be a@ great boon, At present tue vicissitudes encountered by: every message, even between London and Galle, aro such as render ita matter of surprise that a single one even escapes unmutilated. Lach teie- gram nas to be repeated, from one forwarding sta- livn to another, more Ulan twenty tines—twenty- two, we velleve, is jue exact number—and it has, besides, to be translated and retransiated at least Ave times, Of the heavy charge levied nearly the Whole is divided between the numerous foreign cowpanies whose lines form the connecting links ; thas, of the £8 18, which ts the minimum rate charged tor a message to Galle, the Engliaa com. pauy that receives tue message in London gets only is. sd, One evil result of tins minute subdivision, this confused coniict of interests, 18 that no reduc- Uon 1s allowed, a8 on OLnor lines, for press messages. GOLD AND GEOLOGY. The Gold Deposits of New Zealand—infiuence of Thermal Springs. By way of Europe we have our files from New Zealand, dated at Auckland on the 4th of July. Dr. Hector, the geologist of the New Zealand govern- ment, at a recent meeting of the New Zealand Inati- tute, spoke as follows on the gold regions of the colony:— Dr. Hector sald he had been asked to explain the geological condiions under which gold had been discovered Ji the North island, In doing 60 he must first briefly refer, for the purpose of comparison, to the conditions under which goid has been 80 abundanuy found in tie south Islands dur- ing the last seven years. He would confine nis remarks enurely to the description of what had J observed by himself and otuers in New Zealand, and avoid tie charge of iniuiging in theories—a charge which was too frequently cast Upon scientific men by those who, belleving themseives to be practical In their views, were In iacy relying only on limited and imperiect pereonal observauon and vague assumpuons. In tho proviuce of Otago the alluvial gold is obtained on the denuded suriace of metamorphic schists, and origina.ly came out of some portion of those rocks, Mevamorphic rocks are those which, originally sedi- mentary, have during a jong course of geological periods been subjected to chemical agencies, and have, a4 @ result, acquired @ very diferent struc- ture, All rocks deposited ag sediments consist of the fragments of other rock# aggregated ih the form o1 congiomerate sand or impaipabie mud, Meta- morphic action has had the effect of rear. Tanging the component parts of these rocks Into the form of simple minerals. In the South Island, wherever a large area of these rocks 18 €Xposed, in every depression or ravine, gold May be found—sometimes in enormous quantitids, and without there being any distinct jodey or revs to which ils origin can be traced, except in few cases. In the district of Westiand the allvuial gold has been found in the western slope only of the die viding range of the isiands, and on this slope are found all the varieties of metamorphic rocks, The absence of gold on the eastern slope, where unal- tered palwozoic rocks are chiefly to be found, except in afew locailiiea where there ia a local reappear- ance of the metamorphic rocks, haa @ remarkable nificance, In the western district of the Nelson province we find that the gold occasionally occurs wader conditions Which dior botu from thos in Otago and in Westend, being derived from rocks which are never rout in the south, but which have been pear metamorphosed by pene involved in complicated disiocations of this part the earth’s crust, accompanied by the injection of a variety of igneous rocks, and we are entitled to infer that the gold and other metals found in this rich mineral district have been introduced through their agency. Turning now to the North Island we find an excensive area, about one-third of the whole, occupled by the unaltered palwozoic strata which overlie the metamorphic rocks of the south, He then polnted out on a geological map the distribution of these rocks, indicating those portions of the map derived from actual observation. The rocks comprise sand stones and slates, frequently much indurated aud disjointed, but no trace of true metamorphic rocks have ye! been discovered tn the North Island. Gold had been found in the Thames dis- trict and jn the neighborhood of Weilington, which are almost at the two extremities of the island, and doubtless many intermediate places will yet be discovered. He then described the atructure of the Coiviile Peninsula, ou the west- ern side of which the gold fields are situated, and exhibited a map showing the position and compara- tive area of each, calling attenuion to the very insig- nificant portion of the country whicn had as yet been tested by the miners. ‘The rocks found in the Peninsula consist of lofty ridges of the slate rocks, interbedded with whicn occur strata formed from very gacient eruptive rocks. Enveloping these ridges to a height above the sea of many hundred feet are deposits of tertiary tufa, a stratified rock consisting of volcanic ash intermixed with q@ected fragments of recent geological date. ‘This tufaceous rock presents a very marked variety in its character, in some localities forming a gray tine grained rock containing a large quantity of auriferous pyrites dispersed through its substance. This 1s the char- acterlatic rock in which all the richest lodes have been found at the Thames, In all the auriie- rous areas yetexamined igneous dykes occur, the composition of which shows that they are ailied to those found accompanying the dislocations previ- ously alluded to as occurring in the Soath Islands, and which no doubt accouat for their presence in these superficial rocks. He then proceeded to de- soribe the hills between Wellington Harbor and Cape ‘serawitt, in which district aliavial gold has been found tn small quantities, and showed that they consist of the slate aud sanastone rocks, and that we have neither the metamorphic rocks of the South nor the igneous dykes of the North to account for the occurrence of this gold. In every case, however, where the gold has been found it is associated with a pecuilar variety ot slate rock, patches of which occur in lines not agreeing with the stratification. This rock is a friaple cherty slate of a deep indigo blue color, traversed by innumerable tiread-like veins of quartz. In the neighborood of this rock the sandstones are highly induraved and infiltrated with silica, so that m some cases hard specimens have been mistaken by good autnorities for fine grained granite. We have, therefore. an in- aication of a chemical change in these rocks, and from observation 1t is found that the patches of rock ao altered conform to lines of dislocation parallel ‘with those which are found to occur in the Neison area. From the foregoing considerations we find that in the south, where the gold is most widely spread, we have the metamorpnic rocks on the sur- face; in Nelson, dislocations, igneous dykes and rocks, locally metamorphosed; at the Thames, ig- neous dykes, and at Wellington, dislocations—so that in the three latter cases we havé evidence that the existence of a communication between deep- seated and chemically-aiveréd rocks and the suriace is the essential accompaniment of the gold. He mentioned, 1n conclusion, that thermal waters es- caping by such lines of communication are generally adinitted as suficient to eifect the transport of any metal. THE GREAT WORKS OF THE AGE. The New Thames Tunnel=Its Extent, Econ. omy and Uses—How the Work Is Curried On. [From the London Times, Oct. 13.) The new Thames Tunnel has progressed so fast since our last notice that it may now be said to be virtually complete, and will, it is expected, be in a fit state for opening for public traffic about the mid- dle or the end of next month. The whole length from what may be called the summit of Tower Hill to the end of Vine street, in Tooley street, on the south side of the river, 1s just 1,320 feet, and of this distance more than 1,280 feet has already been ac- complished and completed. Only about forty feet remain to make the junction with the Tooley street shaft. This short distance, at the rate at which the tunnel nas advanced, could be accomplished in about four or four and a hall days, but the shait itself canuot be ready wituin that time, nor, indeed, 1s it likely to_be ready within the next fortnight. The shaft in Tooley street is not su deep as that at Tower Hill by two feet, ‘Ihe former 1s to be fifty-eight feet, whereas tue latier is sixty feet. Yet the Tower {ill shaft was sunk quickly and without the sinaliest diiticulty, for after passing through about twenty feet of made earth the clay was reached a little below, and not a sign of water was detected, What we may call the Tooley street shaft is @ litte over ten fect diameter, and this has been sunk to a depth of about twenty (eet, where it has come upon a bed of gravel, in which the water 13 more abundant than could be wished. It Is not, however, in sutticient quantity to prevent the shaft being very easily kept dry by means of pumping, but pumping is by no means wished in this case, for the shaft 1s near some very large bulld- ings, apd to pump out much water irom beneath them would have the effect of causing their founda- tions to sink rapidly as the gravel beneath them was diminished in pulk ag the water was drawn olf. The ‘Tooley street shaft, therefore, 1s beng sunk by means of a peculiar screw, which is calied a ‘“miser,’’ an instrument used in works of this nature, and which brings up the maximum of gravel with the minimum ot water. Ia this Way the works are progressing steadily. As far a3 this shaft has yet gone, itis double lined with iron casing, the innér rim of tron keeping out the leakage which may find its way through the joints of the outer, These tron rings of the snait are our feet deep each, and they are forced by weights down into the goil before wuch dredging out witoin their circumference is attempted. ‘Tue double iron lining ‘to this shaft will not, it 18 expected, be continued to @ much greater depth than 10 13 at present. There is every sign that the water-bearing stratum has been nearly passed and that the clay will soon be reached. When this 1s attained only one liming of tron rings to the shaft will be used to within a iew feet of the bottom, where bricks faced with glazed tiles, 10 retlect the light, wil be employed, as in tie shaft on ‘Tower Hill, Night and day every four hours the shield driving the tunnel moves forward eighteen Inches, so that there isan advance of nine feet m every twenty-four hours. ‘The manaer tn which this rapid advance ts accom. pilshed 1g a8 siiaple and ingenious as 1 18 safe and quick in its mode Of operation. ‘Tae shield 13 a disk of mixed wrought and cast iron, weighing about two aud a ball tons. In the front next bo Cue clay it is concave; in the rear, where the men work, it looks like a gigantic cart wheel, having six spokes and an enormous open hoilow felloe in the ceutre. To this shield, and extending backwards over tue men at work, 18 @ powerful iron run, just Ifke the cap to the eud of atélescope. ‘Thus, the miners who work it excavate enough clay through the centre opening to enabie one man vo pass in beyond the face of the shield, and he soon cuts away clay enough to find room jor two, and when @ comrade joins hun there ig soon room made euough for three workers, but seidom for more. The Clay is of the Kiud well kuown as the suf’ London clay, of @ blackisa green color, just moist enough to give it a thorough tenacity, but without any water. When about two tect have been excavated ali round in front of tie shield the miners return vack through the cen- tral hole, and with ordinary hand-screws they force the shield on to ine lengti of the distance they have excavated, 18 long rim stili keeping tiem under sheiter as it is advanced. Within tuis rim asegment of the iron tunnel is at once buiit in three seginents, eighteen inches long, aad so on te pr repeated over and over again ‘The iuer fac Sineid fs $0 Constructed as to receive Une pressure of Bix serew-jacks—one in each of the six spo fave spoken of. By these means a pressare oi Sixty tous could be brought to bear on we whole siieid, As a rule, Lowever, one screw-jack and one man 1s suilicient to move it forward, wad Lois wilh ease, in case Of any water beimg come to, such as a spring—for the wivie tunnel is far beow the bed of lie river water--it would give indications of Ms preseuce I Lie moisiure of the clay long be- fore tie Wiiners reached ii. in the course of Ue exca- Valions of the shield avout 2,000 cubic yards of the Londou ciay lave heen dug out tor the tunnel alone, This, ag fast as it Was cus out, Was run oUt In litte “trolleys? to the Tower {til shact and Lotsted up to outer air, butevery *troucy” dropped its quantum in the tunnel ull the base of tue tube became covered with some six or seven inches of sticky wet clay. This has ail been removed, and the tunnel, as far as 1t has gone, 18 now clean trom end to ead. the result is, that ail taat passes on the river over head is ten times more distinctly heard than ever. The passage Of a steamer is heard with a noise so tou and vibrating in the at present confined air of the tunnel that it 13 only tue Knowledge ofthe unal- terable and almost immovable strength of the suructare im which you stand that gives the hearer coniiden Not ouly can every vessel be heard Passing—we speak of course of steamers, jarge or sivail—but even such sight noises as ham- mermng on the ships in the Pool above can be disunguisued not only by the sound, but even by tue slight though perceptibie vioration of the air, Yet, the whole tunuel is not only wavertigut bat airtight. The tests taken for defection or any set- Vement in the iron tuve since it has been built give resulis that show @ Siabliity that apparently nothing but an earthquake can unsetue. ine greatest de- fection was only one-eignta of an iuch from the ‘rue level, and in only two instances was It one-six- teenth. Asfar a8 regards the tubes bearing pres- sure they are equal nuw that they are formed in Circles to about ten tines tue pressure they can pos- sibly have tu bear, and to more than twenty times the pressure that 18 now laid on them. Altogether AbOUL KOE bad have now been laid and beddged in with blue liad cement, About twenty more rings Mill comple the entire tunnel from Tower Mill to Tooley street, The descent de u shafts Will “be by means of iifty, ‘These are to be constrnoted on a special design of Mr. Barlow's, 80 a8, iN Case Of accident, such as the giving way of any of the apparatus, to clip the guiding rods and check the progress of the lift ina few fect, This invention, in fact, 1s only a very clever break, which, tnstead of acting tnstanty, and with a sudden jerk as bad a8 a fall, slowly brings the lift to a standstill in about ten fect, This arrangement has one ea- peciat merit, which 1s, that itis never likely to bo called upon; for the wire rope which ts to rawe and Jower the Lift ly to ve about Aity timos stronger than its supposed strain, 6o that there seems very littlé hance of its breaking with the welgnt of ten peopie When it has been tested to bear more than the weight of @ hundred. ‘The lilt 18 %0 be a mere little fron room built to hold ten people with comfol though from the ample space intended to allowed it might hold twelve with almost ease. The omnibus at the foot of the shaft is to hold fourteen. The time of transit from Tower Hill to Tooley street is to occupy three minutes, and the fare 13 to be a penny. THE EASTERN EARTHQUAKE. {ts Effects in Maine and New Hampshire. {From the Bangor (Me.) Whig, Oct. 23.) What witn floods, hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones, tidal Waves and carthquakes, our staid old city of Bangor 1s getting decidedly to putting on tropical airs, To complete the list of phenomena which have tili of late been rare to us dwellers of “away aown East,’? we were visited yesterday morning by an earthquake, which even the most sceptical would hardly dare to say was ‘no great shakes.” As we were among those who heard and felt the ‘unusual sensation we are able to state from our own observation ag well as from the report of othera, regarding It. At thirty-two minutes past five o’clook A.M,, as indicated by our watch, though others call it thirty-flve minutes past, we heard a sound and felt @ jarring as if caused by a heavily loaded team driving over @ rough and frozen road. ‘The sound seemed to come from the northeast, faint at first, then increasing and passing away in the soytnwest. The rumbling and jarring quickly increased, so that doors and windows shook, pictures suspended from the walls, rattled, house belis were rung, glass and china jinfied and stove covers beat a tattoo upon the stoves, The sleeping inmates of the houses were suddenly awake ened with @ sensation as though some one were vioe lenuly shaking their beds, and those who were u and awake saw doors and shutters swung to an fro. The whole vibration lasted about thirty seconds, vhongh some set it down as a minute in duration; but the former wt believe to be most nearly correct. ‘One gentleman reports that he was lighting @ keronese lamp, and had placed the chimney upon the table, and the jarring threw it upon the floor and broke it. Another gentleman reports that @ bottle of whiskey which stood upon his bureau was thrown down and broken; but it baa have been “spirits,” and not the earthquake, in this in- stance, that did the damage. A gentleman ree siding on Third street states that his shutterd were jarred open and three panes of glass in hig cellar window shivered to atoms, ‘This 1s the most that we have heard of tn the way of damage. Almost every one who was asleep was awakened, and some weak nerves were considerably shagen. At the Muzzy lron Works a heavy h isting geag attached to a crane, weighing some 250 pounds, wad swayed to and fro like a pendulum, and when the workmen entered the shop an hour aiterward: oscillating motion had not ceased. We are told agentieman residing In one of the towns back us states that several lights of glass wero broken his house, Despatches from various points north and south of us and notes from correspoudents in other towns speak of experiencing a similar shock at the same hour, It is said that no such shock has been felt here during the past six years. Agentleman years a rosident of California informs us that thoug! he has seen more damage done there he has neve: telt the shock of an earthquake there more sensibly than he did that of yesterday morning. It was quite shake, At the Brewster Hotel in Skowhegan a piano was moved several inches and a lamp overturned irom @ table, The shock at Skowhegan seems to have beer more severe than at Bangor. At Kendali’s Mills, Waterville, &c-, the shock was particularly noticed. {From the Portland (Me.) Argus, Oct. 23.) Yesterday when our citizens were comfortably enjoying their morning naps, many of them were unceremoniously -awakened and startled by the shock of an earthquake. ‘Ihe shock it seems cam@ from the eastward and lasted with us from fifty seconds to one minute, being about quarter past five o'clock. The rumbling was not so perceptble as was the shaking of things generally, but sounded like the distant roar of the sea alter a storm. The vibrations which we felt here were four in succession, each quite distinct, and commencing lightand increasi in power and then diminishing in the same regular ity. on this city the shaking of houses not so firm at rocks was very general, and in many Instances we hear of the more timid occupants rushing from their rooms and some even to the open air to ascertain the cause of the disturbance, which appeared to them, not having the Califormian’s Sx pemenee to guide them, a little out of the natural course of events, Butfright, like most things else, has its ead, and quiet brought a return of the drowsiness ofan untimely waking. Curious were some of the atories that were told about what was seen and done at this and thas house. in several cases people had been awakened by their windows, which had been left oe a slightly propped up, shutting, In others things hi falien off the mantel piece or shelves, the door bell had rung, piccure frames had swung against the wall, their beds had swayed tu and fro, dishes had rattled together in the closets and hosts of other little things had acted as agents to the mighty diss turber in calling up the people. The damage done to our knowledge can be covered by the price of twa botcies of catsup, which were knocked down and broken and are & total 1038. In one particular locality at Oape Elizabeth— whether the inhabitants there were more wicked than the rest we know not—the shock was greater tan in other places. A lady who was preparing an early breakfast says her house so situated was shaken s0 that tables on casters were moved, and she was obliged to catch up @ lighted lamp to pre- Vent its falling to the floor. The captain of a schooner in tke harbor says at the above time he heard a sound what he supposed was thunder, but thinks there was no extra motor of his vessel. {From the Lewiston (Me.) Evening Journal, Oct. 22.] The earthquake Friday morning was quite dis+ tinctly felt in this vicinity, Observers differ as to ita exact time and duration; but by what we can gather it appears to have occurred between half-past five and six o'clock A. M., and lasted about one cok an Windows and crockery rattied, furniture shook an many lighter articies moved from their position One gentleman residing in Auburn stated that th@ roof of his house “‘cracked" very perceptibly. Seve> ral persons in Auburn state that tney felt four dis- tinct shocks, The effect pie domestic animals was curious. Dogs nowled, horses neighed an uneasily trod about thetr stalls, puiling their haiters; cows lowed and fowis set up a vociferous cackie. Several gentlemen report that they found thetr her bad left their perches and huddlea together upoi hay mows, {From the Concord (N. H.) Evening Patriot, Oct, 22.) An earthquake, withsthree distinct shocks, 1 topic of conversation upon the street to-day. It w: felt about five o'clock this morning, the 22d. I woke up some folks who sleep more lightly than w@ do. Many beds are said to have been shaken, and people, now somebody has spoxen of it, will remems ber it may be attributed tothe earthquake. On citizen declares it rattied the tin upon bis roof pers ceptibly. Mr. Nathan M. Carter, of this city, w: harnessing @ horse in his barn at the time or th earthquake, and says the shocks were severe enoug! to make a chain lying on the floor clank loudly. If lasted avout half a minute, and was the most sever@. shock felt for thirty years or more. The course of the earthquake was (rom aori vo south, {From the Manchester (N. H.) Mirror and American, Oct. 2. In this State the shock was ielt In this city, Cone cord, Nashua, Langaster, Bristol, Laconia and Littles ton, and it 1s reported to have beea quite severe at Wells Kiver, Vi. No damage was done, although beds and other articles of furailure, aud even house@ theniselves, Were Cousiderabiy suakeu. In Lancastel and Nashua the houses were sensibly shaken, an the doors, Windows and furniture were rattied With such violence as to arouse people from their sleep. The shock was also felt in Lebanon, shaking tl houses and lasting about a minute. Quite a number of ludicrous iacidenta occurred tm connection with the phenomenon. The Adventist thought the end of the worid had surely come. ‘There was much gettin out of bed and runnin round, with more or less cloches, and some marrie couples had considerable discussion as to which of the two had jostied tae other from slumber, SENTENCE OF & WIFE MURDERER, Joseph Messner to be Executed on December 10, 1869. From the Rochester (N. Y.) Union and Amertes : s Oct. 23.) . ct Joseph Messner, convicted some time since of the murder of his wife, Was taken into the Court @ Oyer and Termmmer yesterday aiteruoon and receive his sentence to be executea. The prisoner looked remarkably well, aud it was (he remark of tha attendants at court that he had improved in appe ance since his trial. He was not in the least agt+ tated, and In appearance was as litte concerned ag any one in the iarge audience assembied to hear hia fentence, 1 Judge Johnson addressed the prisoner as foe jows:— MkssNER—You were convicted at @ former court. of murder and sentexced to execution. ‘the court suspended the execution to review the trial. That review has taken place and no ervor has been found. ‘The case is, therefore, seut buck to (his court to fix the date when the sentence of the former court shail be executed. The Court has, wherefore, fixed on Friday, the 10th day of December next between the hours of ten A, M. and two P. M., a8 te tine for the execution of this sentence, when you will be exe~ cuted by hanging, a8 prescnibed in’ the former sen» tence, An order is now 4eiivered to the Sueruf to carry this sentence into effect at the ume stated, It only remains for the Court to adinonish you to make immediate preparation for the fate which awaits you. Messner made no remarks and manifested no emotion, He was imuediately removed to tue Jail. The Court directed the Sherif to place the pris+ oner in @ separate apartinent, give ith vabie bowed and place him under a guitabie guard, to the end ba he does not commit se! f-cestrucuion. @ execution Of Messner may now be considered a8 certain wo take place on the Jov of December unless he shall previously be removed by death, Every legal means for relief has boon sought in-vain. anne Lind positively refused to interfere with hes, ANd all Lope for the uni gay man ia gone ip 0 jvrlunale and EE ee ee ee eee ee ee Ree een ee ee ae ee a |