The New York Herald Newspaper, October 25, 1869, Page 4

4 EUR * vs Grand Scramble for a Newspaper Official Sinecure in England. What France Thinks of Bonaparte- ism and the “Reds.” The Peace and Liberty Congress—Its Work and American Delegates. The Inman steamship City of Brussels (new), Cap- tain Kennedy, from Liverpool on the Mth and Queenstown the 15th of Octover, arrived at this port eatly yesterday morning, after a rapid passage, briiging our special correspondence and files from Burope dated to her day of sailing from Ireland. The Westminster (England) Aeview says that the ex-Queen of Spain has serious thoughts of retiring from the gayeties of Parisian life. The Gaulois states that her Majesty has bought a little proper@y near Gonesse, in the department of the Seine-et-Oise, where Sister Patrocinio and a score of nuns are going to set up @ conventual establishment. The original landiord of the property is said to have been a retired ragpicker of Paris, who has gone to his native town to enjoy bis otium cum dignitate, ‘The idea of a Queen buying property from a chiffo- nier is certainly suggestive of the vamity of all things human. At a meeting of the Cork Board of Poor eLaw Guardians, Mr. D. J. Riordan tendered nouce of a Motion to the effect that the Board petition Parila- ment to pass a measure securing the occupiers of land “the free and unrestricted enjoyment of the labor and capital expended on the soil while pre- serving ,to the landlord his just rights and privi- leges.” The chairman peremptorily refused to recelve the motion, on the ground that it was “political.” At the Norwich (England) election tnquiry commis- sion in Bridgewater Mr. Walter Bagshot stated that at the contest in 1866 he spent £1,522, He intended to fight on pure principles, but he found afterwards that the liberal lawyers bad spent corruptedly £1,100, which he repaid, ‘in order not to be thought mean.”” Mr. John Bright paid a visit to Dumfries and went to see the grave of Burns. During Mr. Bright’s stay at Carlisle, England, he made dally excursions to places of interest in the neighborhood. He visited Canonbie, calling on the way at Arthuret church to see the grave of the late Sir James Gra- ham. Mr. Woodward, librarian in ordinary to Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle, died October 12. Mr, Woodward was a man of considerable literary and artistic culture. He wrote a history of Wales and a histoty of America, and a local history of Hamp- shire, was editor of the Fine Ar’s Quarterly Review, and lately engaged on a life of “‘Leonarao da Vinci.” It 13 said that important changes will soon be made in the law relating to the press in Russia, The prin- cipal newspapers of Moscow and St. Petersburg, which, under the decree issued four years ago, are removed from the control of the censorship, though they are still hable to avertissemeits, often followed by suspenston and confiscation, openly express their fear that even the restricted amount of liberty now allowed them will be withdrawn. The Moscow Gazette announces that the alterations which are to be made in the present jaw already exist on paper, and that they are the work of bureaucratic reaction- ists, who have persuaded the government that the freedom at present unjoyed by the press exposes the State to all sorts of dangers. In consequence of the prevailing scarcity of food and the famine in Rajpootana, the Governor General of India abandoned his intention of holding the pro- jected Durbar. ENGLAND. Mr. Gladstone Appoints on Editor="!\e Mian agement of the London Gazette—A Scramble for the Place and the Mon who Obtained St—Death of a Liberal Earl—Uoionel Kelly’s Last Momepts. Lonpon, Oct. 13, 1869, There are few Northerners who will not be glad to learn how Mr. Gladstone has disposed of a very vaivabie piece of patronage. Some few weeks ago the editor of the London Gazette died, The Lon- don Gazette’ can hardly be called a newspaper, altnough it certainly contains news, which is some- times pleasaut, but very often the reverse, to those concerning whom*it treats. Jt 18, mm fact, the official journal of the government, containing the official list of bankruptcies, of appointments, promotions and changes in the army, navy and civil ser- vices. For instance, no man considered a member of Parliament, nor can he take his seat in the House of Commons, unless ne 1s “in the Gazette’—that is, until his name is duty entered as being returned for snch a place as member. In like way when a young man receives an appointment in the army, he cannot fill that appointment until his “name is im the Gazerte.” It 1s the same as to all promotions, nominations to tt peerage, to be @ parouet, a knight or what not—no appointment is legal or in force until it has appeared in the London Gazette, The London Gazetie appears twice a week. It is the property of government, and the editorship of it {8 a mere sinecure, but it paid the very handsome salary of £500, or $4,000 a year. The appointment is for life, It is in the gift of the Prime Minister, and 1s always given to some newspaper man who has fought well for the party in power. When tt fell vacant the other day there were some 200 applicants for it, many of them members of Parliament and men holding a good social posttion. Talk of place-hunting in America, as the correspond- ent of the Times does! I wish you saw or heard of the place-hunting that takes place in England. Mr. Gladstone's private secretary toid a friend of mine the other day that he had been obiiged to reply to upwards of 1,000 letters concerning this appoint ment. And Ido not wonder at tt. In England, if A ‘Wants @ certain situation he does not ask, nor even get his influential friends to ask for it; but he writes to the Minister who has the giving away of the berth, and he gets B, the member of Parliament: 0, liberal Peer; D, the old college friend of the Mink ter; E, the neighbor in the county of the Ministe F, the friend of the Minister's wife; G, the wife of another friend of the Minister's wi second cousin, and so on to the end of the alphabet, to write. All these letters have tobe answered, and the task, of course, falls upon the private etary of the Minister, But, although among other appli- cants for this situation of editor to the London Gozelte there were Lwo i! not three members of Par- lament and several relatives of Peers, Mr. Gia stone has given itto Mr. Thomas Walker, editor the London Neves, the oniy man in England who, nine years ago, stemmed the tide of abuse that was heaped upon the American eruers from every pen and i every paper in Engiand. Then, as now, the London Vews was the leading |i England, and I have reason to know that near the staif of the paper, aud certainly most of ‘he pro- rietors, were afraid to stand alone and take up the féderal cause, But Mr. Walker was firm, aud de Clared that so Jong as he was editor of the paper it should never Violate common sense and justice, so as to jota in the cry that was then fashionable, la the days of which I,write to be on (ke staff ofthe is Datly News was to be thought @ monster of iniquity and injustice, Jt is true that the London ‘Siar sided also With the federals, but the Sar had never the influence of the Daily News, as— what it was— of one man, Mr. John Bright. id Was, moreover, looked upon personal property aud organ Mr. Waiker always feit certain that in good time the public opinion of | England would come round again, and events have proved that he was right. But what even his enemies aamired him for was the consistent, un Ninching pertinacity with which he stood firm to his colors, even When the federal cause appeared to be Jost. You must recollect the bitek days you tad to pass through. You cannot forget how, with very Tew excepuons, every man in England seemed to take & positive pleasure and delight in ronning down the federal cause, both in toe press and in Parliament, Mr. Thomas Walker quarreiled with the Liberal ministry of the day for the part he took. Lora Palmerston, Lord Russell, Sic Robert Peel (I niean Sir Robert the liitie, not his father, the great man), and every one who then held office, made more or less overtures to him to change his tope— even to modify It—with regard to Armerican politica. But he svood firm as a rock, 1 beieve that six lines | in his paper, to say that he believed Contederate bonds it perhaps be paid on sion, Would fave brought Lim sterling ($50,000) from some of tors in those matters. rhe appointment Mr. Gladstone Was conferred Upon win sa verfect sinecure, He may dy Wuat be future oc a check of £10,000 he bnglish specula- | NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1869.—TRIPLE SHEET. Tam only sorry to hear | likes, and live as he cho oO P E ‘nat his health will not permit him to continue as ect u {tor of the London Ves. He has for many years been very hara worked, and bad aa enormous deal of responsibility ont his shoulders, and for the last two months he broke down. His new appointment will, however, enable him, | trust; to recover his health. Curiously enough, ‘the papers aunounce the death of Lord St. Maur, only son of the Duke of Somerset, one of the very few members of the Eng- lish aristocracy who always spoke in favor of the Nortrera cause and of the federal politics, He was a very rising man among the liverals of England, and had bis health not been so bad would long ago hove made his mark in the political world, During the civil war in America he went to the United States, travelling as “Mr. Seymour,” and saw and judged of things for himseif. He was greatly struck with the kKindoess and hospitality shown him in your country, and used a(ter his return to say that he always felt ashamed when he met an American in England and observed how very lituie kindness he received from any one, Very few yards from the spot where I am writing this tetter, Colonel Kelly, the Femian leader, was cap- tured on the 3d inst. When | say “captured,” I am wrong. He was driving in a cab, which was over- turned, and being thrown out he fractured his skull and was taken to the hospital, When there & detective policeman saw bim and identified him as Kelly, who two years ago escaped from the prison van in Manchester. He 1s now lying in danger of death at King’s College Hospital, and cannot, indeed, live many hours, It forms a curious com- mentary upon the supposed cleverness of our much boasted police that Kelly should have been living for months in the very heart of London, and the detectives have been convinced that he was in New York. Ihave reason to believe that the accident which befel Kelly will put a stop to a Fenian rising which might have taken place this month in Ireland. I have also to confirm what stated a fortnight ago, viz., that all the Fenians now in custedy will be liberated before Christmas on their giving & guaran- tee that they will leave England. And this reminds me that a friend of mine saw and spoke @ few days just able to live by giving He is in great povery, i Teron tian Conta). ale eae in English at nour. Topen my letter to say that Colonel Kelly died In the hospital, where he was taken after his accident. Father O’Callagan, the parish priest of Lincoln’s Inn Fields, atvended him, but he was insensible to the last moment, FRANCE. Is Bonapartism Declining ?@—What Most Cone tributes to Social Immorality and National Decay? (From the London Times, Oct, 14.) It is ususual with some of the bitterest enemies of the French imperial regime, when they find it impossible to deny the well-being attained by the country during the last eighteen years, to contend that mental development has not kept pace with material progre: concluding that imperialism, if MW pamper the bt Ns at all events kills the soul. The second empire, it is stated, has, like the first, stood in the light of French genius. It has intro- duced what is called an Augustan age, but without that brilllancy of intellectual achievements which im some degree reconciled the old Roman repub- leans to the loss of their turoulent but stir- ring political existence. The tme may, _per- haps, have come to inquire into the justice of this charge. As there seem now to be well founded hopes that personal rule has come to an end any retrospective survey of the influence, good or baneful, which it exercised may not be without use to;those, whoever they be, on whom the gul- dance of public affairs in France will hereafter devolve. It is not unlikely that the argument, “Post hoc, ergo propter hoc,” has been coo treely applied, both in praise and in blame of the govern- ment of the third Napoleon. No doubt France has, during this recent period, made gigantic steps, not only towards the acquirement of enormous wealth, but also towards the spread of that external com- Jort and polish which brings @ country into the fore- Most rank among civilized communities; but this must to a great extent be the result of a prolonged peace under almost any form of governmen;. France, it ust be avowed, had already shown signal symptoms of general advancement, both under the restored Bourbons ana Louis Philippe, and Ger- many, some parts of ltaly, and even Spain, bave during this last hall century douhlea thelr population, their trade and = tudustry. * * * We may be told that the liberty woich has hitherto been vouchsafed to Itahans and Span- jards 1s not “of the mght sort;” thatits infuence has not as yet had time to be fully felt; and that political controversy so utterly absorbs all faculties as to leave neither leisure nor inclination for mere Viterary employment. But what shail we say of Englaad, where political institutions have, it not advanced, at least certainly not developed any back- ward tendency? Shall we coniend that we see in the present age no symptoms of decline from the age of Scott and Byron, or even from the early days of Dickens and Thackeray? Genius works in cycles; it has its rich and poor crops, its prize and blank seasons, its so-called Golden Ages, Augustan or Medicean, influenced, indeed, by political causes, a8 crops by atmospheric accidents, but obeying aiso other more general, less obvious or superficial rules, acting, not only inde- pendently of ail political influence, but sometimes even in antagonisin to it, The siage in the life of a nation in which mental energy ts apt to be at its gteatest height 18 that in which, aiter a spell of great poliucal convalsions, a period of comparative vase and repose succeeds. ‘Thus the golden age of Roman literature dates from the closing of the rene of Janus by the First Emperor; that of mod: ern Italy from the termination of medieval feu ushering in domestic tyranny and foreign domin r] Vion; that of England from the subsiding of region: dissensions under the sceptre of Elizabeth. Goiden ages of this description are always of short dura- tion, and are followed by eras of silver, of tron, of bronze, and even of lead. A cluster of a score or 80 of stars of the first magnitude biaze out in the firma. ment, bat these give way before miuvor galaxies, and presently to mere nebulw and utter obscurity. Such a transitory period of intellectual greatness have not only France and England, but all Europe, enjoyed in the early part of the present century, on the termination of the civil and international Wars of the First Napoleon. The decline which must needs follow is partly due to the very height aitained by the mind tn its first effort. It is m the nature of great writers to create readers—and to spoli them. A public accustomed to the pleasurea- bie emotions arising from great performances gets a craving for them, and the autor Whose task it ls to minister to its appetites 1s driven to seek in exag- geration and mannerism that stimulus which the natural no Jonger supplies; and a mutual corruption of we refider by the writer and of the iaiter py the former inevitably ensues, The decline is often already perceptiple in the original genius itself; but it 1s far more apparent In the “slavish herd” of imitators, it wad tus that Freuch literature, althougu still co- pious, began to develop germs of decay, both :esthetic und moral, long before the second republic ushered in the second empire. It ery true that the reign of Louis Napoleon substituied a quietum serveur for a periculosa Ubertas; but the February revolution was of too ephemeral and uneventful a character to affect mental culture, The literature of France is sull the same as it was under Louis Philippe, still on lis wane, though @ few degrees lower in tone and induenc yne Sue floarished under the July mona . yet we hear that the wholesale murderer ‘Yraupimann boasts of being a disciple of the Hugeue Sue school. His ambition was to emulate one of the heroes of the “Juif Errant.” Heroes of the Abbe Rodin and Chourineur stamp were held up as modeis for the French youth before the middie of the century, and whatever was still pure and nobie in the Frencn nation had no longer any refuge ago to the “ex-centre’’ Stevens, who is now 1n Paris, * from all-pervading corraption save in an absolute rejection of ail literature. We see the same causes rapidly leaging to the same effects in this country, Yet a few Years more of “sensational” novels and of “piays which draw fuli houses,’? and few will boast of their familiar acquaintance with the literature of the day. It 18 thus that actual lack of readers has dried np the sources of literary production im Italy and spain, Rather than what is called “ligtst litera. ture,’ people say in those countries they will wave no literature at all, It is not that men of talent are scarce south of the Alps or the Pyrenees. The tales by the author of “Lorenzo Benont’’ are allowed @ distinguished place on the Engush selves, but all attempts lo (rausiale wud popularize “Doctor Anto- nio”’ in the author's own country have signaily fatied. Novel reaters in Italy read Eugéne Sue or Paul de Kock, or read nothing. And even such literature as sull, to Sore extent, Clreuiates in Italy and Spain not only does not spring from nberty, Out 1s antigo mastic to the liberal spirit af the age. Manzoni’s works still live, though no longer recent; but thei ascetic and pietistic tendency, at war with the scep- tical and combative spirit of the present generation, renders (hem ess popwiar in Italy than they are in Germany, in Engiand or America; and the same is un Spain with the clever writings of Fernan ~ @ writer Who 18 neither @ man nor a ‘d, 48 the assumed name would imply, and who is certainly hot @ prophet in her adopted coun- try, notwithstanding the zealewith which she Matters ational pride and trackies to the superstition, tie ncharitavieness and the other unamlahie propeusi- tes of the people among whom her lot 16 cast, What is Thought of the “Reds.” Galignan’s Messenger of Paris, of the 14th of October, sums up the spirit of the city press of that day in wie following words:~M.4Gueroult publishes asensibie article in the Opinion Nationale on vhe Tantors and mouthers Who hold forth in the irrecon- cliable press. He says:— ‘The scourges of democracy at the present day are tire volligeus of the revolution, who attempt to ape Danton and éopy Robespierre. ‘The history of tae revolution has compietely turned their heads and made them intoxicai@a and crazy; they are trying to manufacture for our sps¢lal et w grotesque arody 01 1793, and to strl¥¢ to reproduce, in cold ood, the incidents, the passions, the crimes of that terrible epoch. They are apparent!y unconscious of he fact that they are but fitu-rate doors, and that thelr mouthing and grimaces merely weary tbe pub- lic, Whose attention 18 engrossed by marae f more moment. Nothing can beYpore uniike than 170 1909, ‘The business of that epoch was to overthrow Sig feudal and Catholic "ai the work of the present day is (0 reconstruct, o1 e principles laid down by our fathers, the in¢ rious and pacific social state Of the nineteenth century, and those who wish to take an exact measure of the relative importance Of the two undertaking# have only to compare the great destroyers of those days with their imitators of the present. TO accomplish the work of revolu- tion at that epoch, such men a Mirabeau, Danton, or Robespierre were needed. Now, however, MM, Rochelort and Vacquerie are adequate for the pur- vse. ar regards the talk about @ reyublig aa the vest of governments, which the irreconclleables are con- stantly indulging in, M. Gueruel¢ remarks:— ‘The preseat period is not ripe for a republic, and, a3 itis not universally wished for, it could not be anything but the dictatorship of a coterie; and that is just what the country will not have, Whenever France will have lost her prejudice in favor of a monarchical form of government, and universal suitrage proclaims the republic, 1 shall applaud with all my heart Buf I wiil have nothing to do with @ hole-and-corner republic, born before its time, and forced on us without our consent, The Paris Feuple comments as follows on the tone of the radical papers’ remarks respecting the disturbance at Aubin thus:—This deplorable con- fict is naturally made the most of by the hostile press. Such a course was to be expected. Ip is a fresh proof of the indifference and cruelty of the govern- ment, That ls the theme which 1s being developed, and will be so for a week to come, What, however, was the government to do? Were the men to be allowed to drown the head engineer? Were the troops to let themsélves be disarmed and knocked on the head? The journals would do much better to answer these questions than indulge in common. place rant, As for ourselves—and until the contrary ig proved—we shall think that the duty of tie authorities was to prevent the commission of & crime, and that of the soldiers to defend them- selves, If any one ts of @ different opinion let Lim have the frankness to say so; elther boldly declare that the engineer ought to have been ieft to be drowned and the soldiers killed or honestly admit that the government did exactly what another would have done in its place. But, this first daty fulfilled, the task of the goverument does not seem to us to have terminated, and a searching inquiry must make known the facts which have produced this riot of the workmen, Tho Pantin Murders—A Former Murder by Traupmann. The Paris correspondent of the London Post, writing on the 12th of October, says:—A fresh crime committed by Traupmann has just been dis covered. During the first days of July, a young workman employed in M, Pinart’s foundry at Mar- quise, near Lille, suddenly disappeared. On the 8th of July a body was found in the canal which rung trom Dunkirk to Petite Synthe, which was identified as that of Duburquoy, the missing workman, who was known to carry about his person the sum of 200 francs—£8. At Traupmann’s house a travelling bag, marked with the name of Jules Duvurquoy, was seized with the rest of his personal eflects by ‘the police. It will be remembered tnat ‘Traupmann bas more than once alluded to having thrown a mar into deep water. M. Douet d’Arcq, in his last cross- examination, having put qnestions to him grounded on certain admissions ‘lraupmann had made on previous occasions, he has become cautious, and how replies by monosyllables to the Procureur Im- Perial’s interrogations. Inauguration of a Bonaparte Family Statue. The Paris correspondent of the Pall Mali Gazette, writiny on the 13th of October, says:—The statue of General Leclerc, brother-in-law of Napoleon, was imaugurated on Sunday at Pontoise. In the absence’ of M. Lefevre-Pontalis, deputy of the department, who refused to do honor to the deceased husband of Pauline Bonaparte because he had taken part in the coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire, the Prefect presided. ‘That M. Lefevre-Pontalis should have refused to be present has astonished those of his fmends who remember that he was not long ago a Councillor of State, and that when he first presented himself before his present constituents he boasted of being descended from the nurse of the King of Home. M. Lefevre-Pontalis must think the man of Decem- ber in a very bad way. Americans in Paris. The Paris correspondent of the London Telegraph, writing on the 13th of October, says I cannot help again referring to the ReRonnen ance in Paris of American society—very happily for Paria; for where the Russians and the English have one to—I speak of real Russians and great Eng- lish—nobody exactly knows. ‘They are supposed to be divided between Siberia and Scarborough— n'importe, at least they are not here, As for our ‘Transatlantic cousins, they have really @ Paris in Paris, They have a “quarter’’—the best; they are just starting a club—a thing which English energy has not yet been able to effect; they have several banks, our or tive papers, an established ‘bar’ —1 do not mean a “bar” of advocates out of whose mouths wise things flow, but a ‘‘bar’’ of general Visitors into whose mouths good things go; they per- fectly people the Grand Hotel, the life of which grand caravanseral, with 118 place for “refreshment,” its “litt,” 1t3 lounging, mooning sort of ways, they thor- oughly enjoy. Walling two hours til! ‘the carriage comes just Suits them. it strikes me that an Ameri- can could wait forever. Well, the Americans seem to do everything, spend everything, enjoy everything in Paris, We must add that they are charming in every way. Mind there are Americans and Ameri- cans; and { speak of the best, to whom Paris ia much indebted; for prices have now frightened away the English, and politics, or rather the lull of them, has done the same by the French, SWITZERLAND. The Peace and Liberty Congress at La sanne—Points of the Questions Treated— Configuration of Germany, South Germany and Austria=Republican Confederation— War, Murder and Duels—Education of the Peopie—Decentralization of Governments— Women’s Rights—Restitution of Poland— Economical Keform—Socialism and Com. munism—The Labor Question—North Ameri- can and Central American Speakers. LAUSANNE, Oct. 12, 1869, I give yon further extracts from M. Ludwig Simon's speech at the Peace Congress, as far as they touch upon the present and future configuratiog of Germany. He said: Wehayo seen that North Germany possesses the features of uniformity while varioty fp it is, as yet, represented by a few decaying dynasties only. Austria ‘shows the direct reverse. She haa all grades of variety, her only uniformity consists in her, however much shaken, dynasty. A federal union will be her only remedy, though it is no easy ition from a dungeon of fettered nations to the free arena of #0 ereign peoples, But, sooner or later, and as the onl Of preserving her existence, she must rubleon. Liberty has a most wonder! Look at little Switzerland, composed « French, German Ttalians. All the attraction of the great Powe: failed ‘to make {t renounce its federal republican constitution. Liberty, securely eatablished, is a far higher boon than the maintenance of natfonalities due to a natural cause only. The best fleld for our Peace and Liberty League and establishment of the United States of Notwithstanding its military and the North, we see that the 10,000,000 rand Duchy of Yess, south of the Main, mberg and Ravaria, have yet preserved their polft endence. In order to fortify 1. we want @ Southern Confederation, not dynastic, obeviag a foreign dictator, as did the former Rhenish Bund, but democratic, and for that reason just as much German and friendly towards the French as is the feeling throughout Southern Germany. IT know that there {s but luitle chance for this at present. ‘The Southern rulera can no more agree about democratic tutions than all the sovereigns of Germany could agree pre vious to the battle of Sadowa. Evon if South Germany could boast of man of Biamarckian stamp, and a prince willlng to stake upon a venture, I would not consider it an advan- tage. For then the neutrality of Prussia might not be gained ag easily as Count Bismarck obtaked that of France. More- prince who plays a big gnme would want to win In over, proportion. Predominance of dyoastic and military ele- ments Southern Germany may then have the eifect of enervating the people's spirit as. in. North Germany. It is better for South Germany to remain confined to {ta own resources. Ita development — will be siow but sure, The events in France, now, are no less favorable to the people's initiative in South Germany and all over it, than they were, at the time, to Count Blamarck. Let Sonth Germany wake up to Ite own con let the popular will be expressed by a {ree and general vinced, (twill reault in an emphatic initio Mistakes committed in the establishment of the North German confederation anc all its evil consequences, In summing vip he sald, that in order that Germany may usefully participate in the formation of the United States of Europe, ft would be necessary that the North German Con: federation {ntroduce into its constitution the tme federal element of State representation; that Austria, firmly ellngin to Mberty, miso arrive to federal wnton, and that Suu Germany ‘establish, by the fuitiative Of the people, a Southern Conjederation. These conditions are, of conree, not meant to be final, but simply Tt was even very painful for a German to cut Fatherland, But another, a forcible in hand, would destro; 'y (Paria), the next speaker, declared mocracy demanded mich more than Responsibility of the Ministers. | Even a Cabinet of Olivier Latour Dumoulins or Girardins would by no meaua satisfy the radicals. ‘The session wae then adjourned to the following day, the 16th, when the number of members bad reached 500, of whom, as i former years, a inajority hail from France. But, unlike pre‘ lous sessions, thie Is evidently governed by preat har- Tony and resolude spirit, testifying to powerful changes in the general political condition. Tho gist of all the French speeches seems to bes— "It saut faire une fin « cette farce” At the opening of the second day’s session jetters were reaa from Garibaldi, Dr. Joh. Jacoby, Jules Simon, &e. Garibaldi writes that he will adnere to the programme of the Congress ‘till bis last breath.’? Dr, Jacoby believes that A great political revulsion is near, and that then the Congress will be the centre Of ali social democratic elements. Sigvor De Virte (Piacenza) read a declaration from Many Italian societies—among them the grand lodge of Freemasons—giving their assent to the resolu- tions adopted last year at Berna, Mr. Samber, trom Colombia, South America, spoke in Javor of declaring war on @level with murder. His other propositions were—strict probibition of duels, neutrality of great roadways of tramMc, as the Canal of Suez, the Atlantic cables, dc. The further reasoning against all “armed intervention” did not meet with the approval of the assembly. He closed by recommending that Switzerland, Belgium and Holland should form the nucleus of a European con- federation. M. Longuet, co-editor with Rogeard, at Brassels, deprecated the idea of a European confederation, Only another Wheelin the defective parliamentary machinery, and one of no importance if to decide GAfy questions of peace or war, Tis could be done by International treaties, Universal suffrage, as now existing in France, was no gaarantee against abuse. Before the united States of Burope are thought of the different peoples onght to establish republican governments, It was useless to think of augment- ing the number of national Jules Favres and Oli- viers by 80 many international Favres and Olliviers, Tuly brougut out M, Lewonuier, whg gad there could never he too he to Favres in France. (Applause.) He admitted that Napoleon Ill. had Inade use Of general sullrage a8 a trap to cateh the people. But they had shown, nevertheless, that 10 spe rel trickery employed they would burst open ‘The next speaker, Professor Buisson, from Neut- chateh developed, in an eloquent manner, how each member should support and advance the alins of the league. In order to establish republics it is neces- sary first to raise republicans, ‘These are nowhere abundant. First and foremost the popular press heeds support, The iarge journals do not reach the Masses of the people. The league must provide better popular information, Military proclivity should be deprecated by moral law. Those who style themselves good repablicans should give their children other toys than guns, swords and the like arms, and they should early instruct that to wear a livery, no matter by whom, ts simply ridiculous. The nimubus with which the school surrounds an Alex- ander, Cwsar or Napoleon should be dispelled. Re- publican opinion cannot be victorious if not ripened into republican conviction, Everything, natural science, political economy, statistics, must be brought into action, in order to convince the people of the common nuisance of the present govern- ments. (Much applause.) Herr Venedey moved to print 100,000 copies of the Professor's speech, M. Duruy, a Judge of Lausanne, proposed to invite ne governments to @ general disarmament. He was replied to by M. G, Chandey (the friend of Proudhon and administrator of his last will) that this Was not feasible, ag the league stood without the pale of the present governments. A French lawyer, M. Mie, from Perigueux, offered an amendment to the effect that the judiciary should be elected by direct popular vote, pleading very spiritedly in favor of it, and denouncing in terms: @ utmost hatred the Cwsarism now dominant in France, Adjournment. On the third day, the 17th, the debate respecting & European confederation was brought to a ciose. It plainly showed that the centralists in the assembly of over 500 members were but few, probably halt a dozen, while the vast majority advocated the federa- uve principle. One of this small minority, M. Gattincau, a lawyer, of Paria, having obtained the floor, combatted many’ of the propositions made by the other side. In Belgium, with liberal institutions, the judiciary is appointed by government. The proposition to call upon the European governments to constitute them- selves @ court of arbitration for the settlement of all pending questions reminded him of the lamb and wolf in the fable, With greater authority among his colleagues than the Conrem, would have, Napoleon IIL. had in vain invited them; it would, therefore, be best to leave kings at home. Of a tederative spirit, as discovered in'Europe by M, Chaudin, nothing was known to him. South Germany and Austria were rather brooding revenge for Sadowa than thinking of & confederation; Spain needed unity in order vo keep down the clergy; Italy must have a powerful centralization to achiev® the liberation of Rome. The French republic had established centralization, and without It no republic could exist. Protessor Buisson had correctly appreciated the force of public opinion, but had overlooked that twenty- seven per cent pf military recruits:in France could neitner read nor write, What, therefore, was most needed in the programme was obligatory and gratu- itous Instruction. The iegisiatures should be called upon to transfer all the sums demanded for military establishments to the budgets of public instruction. Education 1 the mother of liberty. Mrs. Rose, from the Unit®d States of America, addressed the assembly in English, trying to prove that no lasting peace could be obtained as long as women were deprived of their rights. It was a question of justice, and without justice no peace, The next speaker was M. Jules Ferry, member of the French Chamber, As he ascended to the desk he was loudly cheered. He said:— Each member of the Peaco Congress should awear a Han- nibal’s oath against monarchial centralization. He bad not expected that in these halls there might be found any of Its advocates, If federalism should not obtain the victory, he wotlld say in the werds of the poet—“The world ta out of joiat.” The main impediments to a European federation were the two Cwsars on this and the other side of the Rhine, Both aim at supremacy, which is the contrast of federation. Such ambition between Austria and Prussia had, of nec sity, destroyed the German bund. Previous to establishing a federation ft would be necessary to set aside the grasping ‘andthe elements of “centralization,” because of ity and liberty, ‘They are the army, clergy, admin- intration and courts, By freeing the State froin the thfluence ly a Of these elements it can freely develop itself, Here he wa: {utorrupted by M. Gattineau, who clattned that the republic had been founded by ‘‘centralization.”” M. Ferry retorted, “centralization has twige destroyed the republic.” (Apt laure, Noise.) ‘The President demanded stience, and Mr. Ferry continued, French centralization fs of purely monarchial origin. inaugurated by Richelleu, who employed {tas a weapon against Austria; Louis XIV, took advantage of it to gain supremacy in Europe; a tempo: rary Use was tnade of it, it is true, by the French eonyent. Bub after the 18 Brumaire Napoleon I. gave system to central- {zation. Napoleon, the nephew, after his coup d'etat, deve- Joped administrative centralization to the utzost degree; but, perceiving that it was not auilicient for his purpose, he called, Sighteen inonths after the coup d'etat, the army to War—a wat rovoked by him and soon followed by two others, Tyranny as they were victorious, but since the the Hapsburg in Mexico it shakes in every prevailed as lon mournful end o} joint. France ought to have at present _a weak governmeni, Jor without its centralization belug crushed it remains a con: stant danger to its neighbors, Parliamentary and at the same time centralized government is a deception. A republic not decentralized cannot exist. It frst becomes corrupted and then a prey to force. Under Louls Philippe pariiamentariam became rotten. Napoleon ILI. tnsidiousiy ambushed and (enrefeace militarism, “Ones overturowa in Francs it could ‘abrogate m: " oo Mot be Sanintuined for a month in Germany. M. Laurier, lawyer from Paris and co-editor of the Rappel, drow the distinction between political aud adwministrative union, No oue intends, he said, to touch the former, to complan of la France comme une et indivisidle, but the administration must be decentralized, ‘The young repubilcan party must hold together, not separate from the laboring classes and try to solve, in ascientidc spirit, the social question in order to dispense with the present kind of governments which, with more or less skill, defraud the people. According to his idea the centre of gravity lies in Paris, ‘‘ Give me liberty in Paris,” he closed his remarks, “and J’ll dictate peace to Europe.” Here Gogg moved as an amendment to the resoiu- tions that the people should be vested with direct legisiative power, ‘This motion was seconded by Signor _Riboli, the friend and physician of Garibaldi, who supported it in the name of the Italian members of the Congress. All the resolutions drawn up by the commuttee were put to vote and carried by a vast majority. ‘The order of the day now stood on the Polish and Oriental questions. The majority of the central committee had reported the following declaration:— Whereas the only firm basis of peace and liberty in Europe {a the independence of its peoples; and whereas harmony be- tween the Polish, Oriental and Occidental democracy fs ong the most essential conditions for the estabiiahment of the Jonfederation, the Congress declares that the " Oriental and the Czechlan questions must be solved: as all others, by the amplest application of that general principle, the autonomy of people: It also proposes to appoint a special committee for the purpose of closely studying the diferent points conhected with these questions and gathering docu- ments and materials bearing upon them. ‘An adjournment was then agreed upon, and the meeting on the following day commenced with the report of the atoresaid Central Committee which was read by General Bosack, a Polish refugee. He dwelt upon the sufferings of his countrymen, as also of other Christians under Tarkish dominion, and described the oppression imposed by the dynasty of Harpsburg upon the Slavonic and other races. War only could settle the Polish and Oriental ques- tions, but it would be the last of all wars, ‘the Slaves and Greeks of the Orient might then unite and form a federative State. ‘A motion was made by Herr Sonneman to strike out in the declaration “la question tchégue’—the Czechian question, which, he contended, was of far Jess4mportance than the Polish and Oriental question. The affairs of the inhabitants of Boheinia and Moravia concerned Germany. It was very question- able whether the right or self-government ought to pe accorded to every province or canton desirous of secession, The principle of la France, une et indivisible, should apply also to other countries. In the present condition of Russia, the secession of Bohemia would be dangerous to Germany. A Ger- man federation wonid willingly grant the Czechians autonom, t the same time, it ought to bg consid- ered that several million Germans were Yiving in Bohemta, An agitation, at present, for the sever- ance of Bohemia would be aiding the work of Bis- marek or of Russia, M. Bosack replied that a true democrat must accora every people the right of self government, M. Monteaux, from France, gave a description of the mixture of Oriental and Slavonic races, accused the Hungarians of oppression toward the Slavonic race and closed with a tribute to the Czechs. Herr Gustav Vogt, Professor of National Economy, from Berne, seconded the motion of Sonneman, but proposed to say, in lien of.question tscheques the Slavonic races. The Oriental question, he said, had been too long looked upon as one of power, ihongh it Was eminentiy a Guesiion of independence and liberty. If it was not desirapie to do the work of a Bisinarck it was no les# so in behali of a Beust, M. Longuet, Paris—The Poles could only count upon the assistance of french republicans i they became real democrats. Until now they liad shown by the treatment of the peasants that they are not worthy of that name, Herr Ludwig Simon, Treves, said; The solution of the question of nationalities depended on a favorable political constellation. It world be wn error to e parallel position with the Poles, and he » support the amendment of wtrtking them free Poland would be ® Wail for win they saw fit to'ra\ rers would not desire to lend them a . Ite adoption would be the least proper thing for a Peace Congress, (Vebement applanse.) Here Venedey #atd:~ The restivution of Poland if to us Germans # duty of honor and justice, which weighs heartily on our consciences, since we lent ourselves to tear oder that nat One of the principal. ¢ of the lors of Poland may ve charged to the Polish aristocracy, who did not tolerate the They‘ had not learned o ecause t Up to this very day the inthe eyes of ta, people. ate Poles nourish pretensions whi neighboring mations can be realized only by east cong ‘The frontiers of thelr ideal reaim, trom the Haltic to the Car: pathian mountains, embrace tmilllonk of neighboring people and presuppose their subjection. But wo democrats ray, nevertheless, Poland must he renlituted. We add, however, ea must aid ua by respecting other nations and your nj by learning to think and act with dignity worthy of liberty and deliverance. In keeping with this you must not try to change a national question touching the position of the © ra Bohemia, on German soll, to an uterna: tional, yeation techeyur. Be ou turning towards the French members, he hearts awolled with compassion and enthuste ae words (roma eleguent live, “We, (he French, wil! do our duty to bring about disarmament if you Germans will do yours.” I answer that the German denioc- racy hus always doue its duty by combating national ani: moaity, I myself have done it with #0 Greater joy and zeal, a4, during sixteen years of banishment, while I resided in France, this duty of imine was enhanced by the noble heart- edness and generosity of the T would say to the French here:—“Help ua doing our duty.” “Yor if we speak in Germany of di ment ninety-nine out of a hundred brave lwugb at us and say :—As soon Napoieon ITT. comes with his milion of sol ‘A burned child dreads the fire, ‘The French armies of Louis XIV. and others of your sovereigns, the armies of the republic, and again the armies of the empire, came to Germany with pro- awises of bringing liberty; they’ remainea for periods of ten years pillaging and devastating {t, ‘The German people want ho repetition of this, It would rather support, it# own sol- diors than those of France, Napoleon, or the Empire. The common sense of the people sa; ‘As long as a Napoleon governs France and keeps armics numbering a million we cannot disarm," The German democrats may be more will- ing to bellave that Germany could disarm and that France would and must follow the example; but you are wrong if ou demand it from the simple-minded Gerinan people. It ts ‘or France to take the ‘step—we will follow you; by doing your duty help us to do ours, The amendment to strike out “the Czechian ques- tion’ was carried by a larg@majo®ty. A motion by M. Monteaux expressing sympathy with the Sla- vonians and protesting inst Russian cruelties towards the Poles was rejected. ‘The next subject for discussion was the “social question.” The report of the committee was a3 follows:— The Congress again declares that the political and social questions are inseparable; one cannot bowolved without the other. It should be a constant aim to Improve the conditions of labor and its barter, in order to remove numerous evils whieh atfect the social body; the Uberty of the Individual, however, must not be restricted. ‘The following political conditions are indispensable to an ‘economleal reform: Fird—A republican federal government, Scoond-Direct legislation by the people. ani Third—Ovligatory gratuitous fhstruction for all classes and both sexes. Fourth—Abrogation of standing armies to be supplied by militia troops. Fisth—Abrogation of indirect duties; in lieu whereof direct progressive income tax. ‘moat important economical measures are :— 1. Abolition of industrial monopolies ; especially that of the earrying trade. 2% Intervention of the legislative power in every case where private interest clashes with the fundamental princl- ples of even-handed justice. 8, Establishment of syndics for Isborers and employers. These resolutions were explained at length by M, Charles Lemannier, who said that the commit. tee were far from thinking that they had founda panacea for the social suffering, but would feel well satisfied if they nad contributed an iota to the 80- lution of this dificult question, M. Wirnhoff, from Russia, pave it as its opinion that the strife between capital and labor would con- tnue until the establishment of a perfect sqouty rium. Labor revolted against capital and its insur- rection is just. ‘The last Con; at Berne had rejected Bakunin’s proposition of general equality and the present Congress had therefore no right to interfere with the social question, (Oh! oh!) It is & dispute similar to that of the Church and its adversaries, If you don’t abolish Church and capi- tal it is useless to hold peace congresses, M. Bouchet, from France, declared himself to be a socialist, but not & communist. He wants equal rights for all; but a general confiscation of private property did not seem to him tue correct way of obtaining it, M. Fribourg (Paris) pointed to the omission in the foregoing resolutions of-the banking monopely. which he showed to be as injurious as that of the carrying trade, M. Longuet, from France, dilated upon the rail- way, caval, mining and other monopolies, which the State alone should posses and could rent out, for short penian a sombanion. So it should be with banks, ‘The Bank of France, for instance, has lent 1ts capital to the State, It has, tnerefore, no capital. Its business carried on by monopoly might be con- ducted with the same advantage by the State. It would cheapen credit and make it accessible to all. Without practical reforms the workingman would always be victimized by monopoly. It will not do to ignore socialism ; for otherwise the laborers would age assist in the struggle for political freedom, (Ap- ause). y Herr Sonneman—the delegate had demanded general equality; that 18 demanded by every one in thisroom. He did not teil us how he would carr; out his ideal, At Basle already they dare not speal of the abolition of private property, well knowing that It would lead to material and intellectual retro~ gression. Indeed, these questions must remain at rest until the miltions of agricultural laborers which are not represented at this Congress should have organized and demanded changes. Until then science would be able to grasp the question more fully. The most important object at present should be, ‘on the one hand, to increase production; on the other hand to restrict as much as possible the unjust dia- tribution of property. The greatest wrong arises out of monopolies, through which large property ig constantly gained without work, while labor always receives inadequate compensation. In gene- ral he agreed with the previous speakers, and with- out knowiug What resolutions might be proposed by them he would submit a few amendments to the resolutions of the committee, viz:— Firally—Expropriation of all monopolies granted by the State to industry, ‘Secondly—Establishment of large banking institutions by the State, in order to afford credit to every class of labo: Thirdiy—Kestriction of working houra; vrotecuon of labor- ers against unjust factory rules; employment of chijdren to be prohibited, M. Gustave Chaudey—The che who made the revolutions of 1759, 1830 and 1843 never asked if they were social or political. They simply telt that freedom was a necessity for all, ‘The blood which flowed in these revolutions Was not spilt in van; for to-day the position of the working man is better than before, thoagh clouded by Cwsarism. One thing might be learned from the revolution of 1789. The bourgeois classes have attained their liberty without the assistance of nobility or clergy. May the laboring classes do the same. We who ure called bour- geols are incapabie of solving the labor question, We Temain quiet and say to them:—Improve your inter- national trades’ unions; we must wait until you arrive at greater perfection. As to the gentieman from Russia, he would say to him, it was quite new that the West required from the Hast lessons as to soctal progress, Kussta had something yet to de in order to participate in the civilization of Western Europe. Liberty of association 1s, i my opinion, the best means of solving the social question. In closing, he proposed to lay the whole matier on the table for further consideration. This beiag put to the vote it was rejected by a large majority, where- upon the assembly adjourne! to the following day, BOHEMIA. New World Ideas and American Literature= The Legislative Relations Towards Ause tvia~The Religious Aspect—What the People RequireAt the Potls in John Huss Style. PRAGUE, Oct. 10, 1869, My last evening here was passed at the house of Mr. Voite Naprstek, of whom I have written in a former letter, and who has lived many years ia the United States. Mr. Napratek 1s thoroughly imbued with the ideas of the New World, and 1s a8 go-ahead in business and politics as a genuine American. Since his return to Bohemia Mr. Napratek has founded a reading cluo for ladies. At this club, which occupies a portion of his house, may be found the principal English and American newspapers, and a good seleciion of American and English authors. Bohemian, Russian, Polish and other Slavonic books and newspapers are of course well represented. In the reading room of the club are large portraits of Washington, Franklin, Jackson, and photographic portraits of Grant, Col- fax and other distinguished Americans, It was really very interesting to find such a collection of books and portraits, reminding one of America, in @ house standing at one end of Bethichem square, the place where John Huss lived and preached. Mr, Naprstek 1s a member of the Bohemian Dict, and, like ali Bohemians of the present day, is an oppo- nent of the Vienna government. He is one of the eighty-four members who left the Diet in 1367, and ‘was deprived of his place In common with the other protesting members. The Vienna government was of opinton that the people would not support ther seceding representatives. The recent elections, however, have shown, to use the words of a Vienna paper, that the constitution has no adherents among the Bohemians. Ali the members who protested and left the Diet in 1867 have been returned, many of them unanimously, others by very large majorities, being opposed only by the government oMeciais. Mr. Naprstek has been re-elected by his constituenia, and inst evening at hig house was collected a large number of the leading political and literary men of the country. I had a good opportunity of learning what the political and religious aspirations of the country are. Both of these vopics were freely dis- cussed. With bh bail to religion, I was informea that there ig probgbly no Catholic country in Kurope in which there is so Jittle devotion to Rome as in Bohemia, ‘Yhat the most ardent desire of the country is Co bring the Church more into accordance with the wants of the people by having all religious services and cere- monies performed in the language of the country, and by giving laymen @ part in the government of the Church. [na word, the peopie of Bohemia want @ national Church; they do not want a reformation in the sense of a separation, but they want to have control over the religious affairs of their own coun- try. In my iast letter I sent a transiation of resoju- tions passed at a great meeting of the people in the interior of Bohemia, Other meetings of a similar character are soon to belield, and J am assured that among the most zealous supporters of this agitation are the country priests. ‘The frst people here do not hesitate to deciare that if the infallibility of the Pope Is made an article of faith at the coming Council there wili be a schism in the Church in consequence. The opposition of a few bishops they also do not look upon as of very great Importance. They say that a popular movement is necessary, aud that if the peopie of France and Ger- many Would only hold meetings and formulate their ‘wishes and ciearly set forth what is wanted a good result might ve arrived at; for the bishops at the Council might become the representatives of this popular movement, and would have the expressed Opinion of their respective countries to support tnem, insiead of being without an organized party, as they are now. ‘This movement in Bohomla 18 of ee bets especially as tl y rat i] which A people have clearly and distinctly stated What they want. Tue elections in twa divisigns of whe city of Prague nt ae took place two aays ago, and were of the most exciting character. Ihad no idea that there was such a training in electioneering as there ts here until l actually witnessed it. The government, hav- ing been defeated in all the country districts on the ‘and in all the towns on the 24th, ordered the adjournment of the Prague elections. This was done in order to carry the capital at all hazards. ‘This, at least, is what the Bohemians say, and their statement seems very plausible, By o ministerial order from Vienna a change was made in the con- ditions of voting. Tae Mayor of Prague, Dr. Klandy, was ordered to issue the necessary papers to such persona as should be presented for the purpose of becoming voters. The government candidates had prepares, it seems, a list of adherents, who, if quall- led to vote, would be able to bear down all oppo- sition and carry them into oifice trium- phaney. Dr. Kiandy refused to obey the orders from Vienna and resigned his office, stating that he could not transgress the law. Upon his resigna- tion the late Mayor was overwhelmed with telegrams from all 13 Of the country, applauding and thank- ing him for what he had done. The Bohemians at oy that the qualifications for voting are defined by a law of the country, and that they can be changed only by new legisiation, not by a ministerial order. Nothing was gained tor the government by the yew voters, The opposition presented a still greater number of their own rents, and carried the elecyon at all points, The elections were conducted with remarkable order; and although there were thousands of cpoonie collected together, and the greater number of them waiting the issue with the greatest anxiety, not @ single disturbance was to be seen. The Bohemians worked in @ manner worthy of the old Hussites. Every man who could vote was at the polls; amo! others, a sick man was brought on nis bed an voted. When he had given bis voice for the opposition cheers were heatd on every side. Toward evening, when the was made known, the joy of the victors may be imagined, ‘Ihe apparent stolidity disappeared, and a storm of cheers went up from the Bohemians, ‘The newly elected members repaired to the prin- cipal political club of the city. In front of this club an immense crowd of people soon assembled, and made the air ring with cheers for their victory, Mane Inside @ scene was enacted which ts seen. Old friends and neighbors met, and, with kissed cach other, rejoicing that ard fought battle. tears In their eye they had won the ‘The Vienna Ministry, the enemy of their nations ality, had suffered a defeat unparalleled in govern- mental elecuions, A meeting of the new members was held immediately, and it was resolved not to attend the Diet. In this opposition now abstaining from all part in the legislation of the country there are from ninety-five to 100 members, This is a minority, but 1t representa a majority of the people of Bohemia, The Dies assembled the day after the election, but was attended only by German mem- bers; not a Bohemian presented himself. On the streets about the chambers of the Diet scarcely fifty people were to be seen. ‘There can be no doudt of the opposition here. What its effects may be in the future is anotoer question, ‘The Bohemians will struggle to the death to pre- serve-their nationality; the Germans will use every means to break down the opposition. If the Bohe- mians were merely three millions and @ half of @ foreign race merged in among ‘the Germans the question would be different; but directly east of the Bohemians there are, in Russia, Poland, Turkey and different parts of Austria and Hungary, about 95,000,000 of Slavontaus, These people all speak dialects of a common language, and all unite in their dislike to the German element. It 18 this fact which gives such @ signiticance to the stubborn opposition in Bohemia—an opposition which, taken tn connec- tion with questions relating to the Slavonians ta other countries of Eastern burope, may be produc- tive of changes in the future of immense bearing, aud may ehdanger the existence of inore than one dynasty in this part of the world, ROME. Father Hyncinthe’s Defence in the Coun The Bulletin du Diocise de Retms, France, pube lishes the following note from the Archbishop:— Certain journals have announced that the Arch- bishop of this city, together with several French bishops, would underiake the defence of Father Hyacinihe at the Ecumenical Council. The Arch- bishop has not protested against such an assertion, because he is pericctly decided, on principle, to reply only by silence, saving in certain exceptional cases, to the insinuations of the press. That, in fact, is the only method in these times to avoid piacipg his speech at the complete discretion of journalism. BELGIUM. A Statue to King Leopold the First-Speech of the King, His Son. On Sunday, the 10th of October, a statue erected tothe memory of Leopold I. was tnaugurated at Namur, in the presence of the King and Queen of the Belgians, ‘The statue represents the late King with his right hand on tie constitution, which he had sworn to preserve, and his left hand on the handle of his sword. The words of the inscriphom are:—‘The grateful city of Namur to Leopold 1.’” Ata banquet which was subsequently given the present King, in reply to the sentiment of his health, proposes, by the Burgomaster, said, ‘1 am deep! indebted to you for the toast which the Burgomaster has proposed to youin such fervent and patriotic terms, and am not the less grateful for the evidences of the affection which I have experienced among you. The statue which you have erected will recall a reign which was great, because, being in its development, the nation was happy and prosper- ous. It willrecall the sympathetic tles which tor thirty-four years 80 united Belgium to its King that even death Itself was not abie to break them—bonds the tradition of which I have a firm hope will not be Jost in the second generation. ‘There 18 not, gentie- men, any sight so moving to a son as to see others giving honor to the memory of hs father. There ta no encouragement more consoling to a king than to see his people reciprocate the devotion of their princes. inspired with the sentiments which were olten expressed to you by him whose recollections are present with us ail, 1 drink to the prosperity of the city aud province of Namur, WALES. Scientific AdvancemA Railway on a New Principle. ‘The London Railway News, writing on the exten- sion of the railroad system in Great Britain, says: The Portmadoc and Festintog Railway, Wales, 1 now attraquing much attention among scicentile men, This % a littie line in North Wales, Which was originally constructed for the purpose of acting as @ iwamway for slate and stone from the hills of Meri- onethshire to the seashore. It 1s now being used as a regular goods and passenger line. The chief pecu- Uarity in ia construction is that the gauge ts only two ieet broad. Hence, though the line runs through a very tifiicalt country, the expenses of construc- tion and working are so small that the traMe yields the enormous revenue of thirty per cent. The reason issimple enough. [tis because the proportion be- tween the dead weight and paying weigit is so mach less than upon other railways. The engine and tender upon this Hine weigh about ten tons, against forty tons upon the wider gauge of other lines, Instead of a first class carrlage weighing seven and a haif tons, to carry thirty-two passengers, and representing nearly five cwt. of dead weight for each passenger, tne carriages on the Festiniog weigh ohly thirty cwt. for twelve passengers, or two and a half cwe. for each person carried. The Railway News, without going so far as to say that a two-foot guage will furnisn the railway of the future, 18 confident “its economy and eiticlency will cause it fo be extensively adopted.” TURKEY. The Lmpress of France Received by the Sultan. In adaition to our cable reports of the above in- teresting event already published, we have the fol- lowing mail details from Europe to-day:— On the arrival of the Empress in the Bosphorus, the giris from the Catholic schools at Constantino- pie, who were on board @ French steamer, sang @ hymn of welcome, and the Empress warmly bowed her acknowledgments. The yacht Aigle dipped ber fag when the squadron arrived at the palace. Beg- ler Bey and the Sultan came off In an elegant caique specially constructed for the Empress. On lading his Majesty gave his arm to the Em- press and escorted her up the avenue to the palace, Whilst royal salutes from the Asiatic and European sides of the Bosphorus were fired, The yards of the squadron were manned, The Sultan then returned to the Palace Dalma- gachtiche, and a general holiday was held. After sunset the vessels at the Golden Horn and in the Bosphorus, and the minerets of the mosques, were lighted up, and a general tliumination took place, and freworka were displayed from the sea of Mar- mora vo the Black Sea. FOREIGN MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. ‘The amount of dam: caused to public instita- tious and works during the recent outbreaks in Spain is estimated at 49,000,000 reals. eke is oe Aman was recently executed in Altona, Nort Germany, who had inurdered his father, mother, two brothers, two sisters and @ female servant tm order to secure a small bag of money. Count Wratisiaw, Privy Councillor and Comptrotier of the Imperial Palace at Vienna, committed suiciae by blowing out his brains after having assisted at the dinner given to the Prince Royal of Prassia, Omictal assassinations still continue tn Italy, the most recent being the murder of the secretary of the commune of Orgasolo, in Sardinia, and an attempt upon the Ile of the municipal secretary of the city of Naples. A Jetter in the Nirenberg Correspondent explains as follows the mysterious publication of State docus ments supposed to have been kept profoundly cret, The writer, Who professes to be private secretary to @ minister, states that he was accus- tomed fo take the copy to the hthographers, and, after the requisite number of copies had been printed, to see the writing effaced from the stones. One day, just as the operation was concluded, am order came for &@ double number of copies, and as he was complaming that he had all his work to do over again the lithogcapher told him not to be uneasy, at he could save all the trouble, He took some nitria acid, spread it over the surface of the stone, and eVGry letier roaupeured Ln its Originel state,