The New York Herald Newspaper, April 21, 1869, Page 6

THE TIDE OF IRISH EMIGRATION. Proposed Modification of British Naturali- zation and Allegiance Laws.. BELGIAN RAILWAY — DISPJTE. The Inman steamship City of Antwerp, Captain Mirehouse, from Liverpool via Queenstown the sth inst, arrived at this port yesterday morning, She brings two days’ later details of our cable de- spatches. Two monitors of 800 tons each, built in France for the Sulian, have recently touched at Malta on their way to Constantinople. * Prince Arthur, accompanied by the Lord Lienten- ant and & numerous suite, on the 6sh inst. attended the Punchestown races in Ireland, The reception of his Royal Highness was of a gratifying characser, A denial is given to the assertion of the Corrtere Ttatiano that the Marquis de Banneville, French Ambassador at Rome, has advised the Pope to sub- mit to the Ecuimen.cai Council the question of the relations to be adopted towards Italy. A new item is added to the Mexican debs in the shape of a draft for 58,000f., drawn by Ramirez, Maximiliian’s Finance Minister, on the Mexican Commission in Paris, Alihough quite legitimate, some difiiculiy exisis m geiting it recoguized and paid. ‘The final stroke was given on the 3d inst, to the demolition of the fortress of Luxemburg by the fir- ing of two mines by means of electricity. The effert ‘Was tremendous aad levelled the whole structure. The friendly intercourse between the Courts of Russia and Austria is improving daily, and it is re- ported that the embassies that have been vacant for some time will shortly be filled in the two capitals. The Duke of Montpensier 1s reported to have con- tracted a loan of 6,000,000 francs in Paris, the repay- ment of which is guaranteed by his brother, the Duke d@’Aumals, A Prussian statesman of high standing asserts that the foreign journals are erroneous in publishing that Prussia is preparing for a speedy war, as it earnestiy desires peace, and is “merely actively employed in improving its means of defence,” There ts @ probability that the Preston strike in England will be amicably settled. The men are pre- pared to consent to @ reduction of wages to the amount of five per cent all round and to refer the other matters in dispate to arbitration. Advices from Bucharest state that the movement in favor of the government is becoming more de- cided. An attempt to create a disturbance was made at Petechte, but the National Guard main- tained order, The remaining electoral colleges are expected to give the gevernment a considerable ma- jority. in the French Legislative body on the ¢th inst. M. Garnier Pages delivered a speech, counselling dis- armament. The military incubus under which France suffers is regarded with increasing disfavor by the advanced liberal party in that country. The King of Holland, as Grand Duke of Luxem- burg, has made a request to be represented on the comission for the settlement of the Belgian Ratl- way difilculty, in order that the engagements en- tered into between the French and Luxemburg rail- Way companies may be discussed and settled. The ex-Elector of Hesse, Prince Wiliam, consider- ing that the annexation of his State to the Prussian monarchy does not permit him to retain the Grand Cordon of the Black Eagie, which the King of Prus- sia had presented to htm before the events of 1394, has returned 1t to Berlin through bus recive Count de Hesse-Philipstadt, ENGLAND. Naturatization and Allegiance=Imprisoume at for Debt—Sireet Railroad—Probable Exira- dition Case. Lonpon, April 5, 1869, The royal commission appoiated to inquire into the laws of naturalization and allegiance as they now exist and to consider the propriety ‘of tieir aodification and amendment have recently made their report. If some of the high old boys of “merrie England” who now lie mouldering in Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s and other repositories of great men's Gust could rise from their tombs and listen to the reading of this remarkable British document we can imagine the horror and disgust that wouid be depicted On theiraristocratic countenances and the involuntary elevation that would be imparted to their venera- Die pigtails at the cavalier manner in which that sacred feudal article of faith, “once a subject always & subject,” 1s treated in these degenerate Gays. The commissioners are united in their dbandonmeyt of the last vestige of the doctrine of the indelibtitty of national character and agree that it 13 as unjust as it would be impracticable to attempt any longer to enforce a compulsory allegiance upon all men who are born British subjects, even though they shall have emigrated and taken voluoturtiy upon them- selves allegiance to another government. Of course the real victory over this relic of slavery and bar- ‘barism was won in 1812, when England was caught that there was a broader humanity than her states- men had ever comprehended, and that the divine right of a m no longer nullify the natural ri at farmily of mankind; justration of the a! commission in land unanin ndellbie e nee is net » hor conventent, and in te recomme qi adicated from the commu 8 propose sacha ra Ty Briuteh subject shail cea naturalized tuken the daty to that State os a sun) thereot; that Ue benefit 0: the new nation extend to the Wi 1 minor chidren of Ui €raut; and that a woman who 1 @ Britisn subject Shall, by her marriage with an alte acquire ‘the — nattopality her — husban Vhese main points being it 1s immaterial that the commission four bie to agree upon tle question as to w stitute the char r of & natural born Brito subject, otner than birch within the British dominions and of Bri- vine of the colmis:ioners propose V as it now exists, making tie t, shail be y abrogated lity of & child shail follow that ajoriry are in favor of cer has beet cept lore| when, be Torn by therr p of by the children majority and b right or priviloge floners ofer @ Wise and pr fo the alteration of the ent makes gitens absolute inheriting any portion of Britis mend the entire aboittion of this a arguing that any danger that migt war from the possession of jand eastly guarded against by special legis\atto’ as crunbies away another of the follies and errors aj n of a bygone age. Catholic § disatiity and Jewish disability have disappeare The Irish Church and indetibie allegiance will soon be among the things of the past. Who shail Say how soon otuer abuses will follow or how long Mt Will be Yngland stands forth as great and porrertul as ever, but with a beter appreciation. of the true foondation of human happiness + Along the reforms now in progress not the least Interesting twhich promises the abolition of the barbaron. VY of imprisonment for de’ {nuumanity of tis law is already bee il by the graphic pea of Dickens and other writers, ts abeurdity is shown ta ti the unforiuaate debtor fror to satisfy his creditors. At this very moment men are rotung a ers in the debiors’ “prisons, Who, but for Lois avominabie iaw, would long since have been free from deivt aud in the possession of a eomforte able independence, It has useml only as a Mean and should long been biot ute book of © y under twenty pounds, for wluch judgments are op. tained in county or district courts, and which are, in fact, the worst cases under the present iaw. In these courts the judge makes an order for the pay- ment of the debt in instaiments. aud if the devtor should fail to ovey he is imprisoned for a term not exceeding forty days. But this seutence can be re. eated again and again, no term of imprisonment reeing the debtor of iis iiatniity. This poruon of the esent law 18 -left uptouehed, but it is certain that after imprisonment tor debts of over twenty — has been abolished the whole sysiem of jocking up @ debtor like a fe'on will be spoedily ewept away. 40 @xperimental street raitrond fs t » be lala down NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 21, 1869.-QUADRUPLE SHEET. Westminater bridge co Kensington 8 distance of th: eer re ar i i i 14 5 ge {8 i i £200 two or three London detectives leave by mo pe er roms ee iy detatied Wempt his capture. Here w: & good oppor- ‘for your head detective, pro tem, (Superin- tendent Kennedy), to prove that he ta as efficient as areal thief o er a8 he is Political policeman. The Subject of a Reduction of the Postage Rates Before Parliament. [From the London April 7. Last night Mr. Graves yoy : uh newspapers to the same sum. ber for Liverpool ceriainly showed strong ground, if not for a cl at least for inquiry, He rates higher Post Office charges £4 38. 40. for dotng the game work itis certainly time to see whether Wercanno: reduce the rate. At present, it seems, the charge of a pel for every trade circular is 60 Ferd ataxas seriously to resirict the number of those documents that are issued, or at least that are sent by post. As for newspapers, the presentwate practi- cally prevents them from profiting by the distribut- ing agency of the Post Once. In statmg these facts Mr. Graves made oui a case for inquiry; and so much the government did not deny. Lord ing~ ton and the Chancellor of the Exchequer both ac- knowledged that the arguments did not admit of a conclusive answer.trom the knowledge at their com- mand; bat, as they also pointed out, much was to be said on the other side, The change might involve an immediate loss of revenue to the amount of nearly half a million; 1t might possthly diminish the efti- ciency of the Post Office by introducing elements of irreguiarity; and Mr. Lowe added the pregnant remark that, if such were the result, the circulars, which were sent by the rich c'asses, would profit at the expense of the private letters the buik of which were sent by the mass of the people. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Prime Minister put for- ward those objections, not as conclusive answers, but as pleas for suspension of judgment. They de- manded time to inquire whether the rate proposed by Mr. Graves would cover the cost of delivery; for that isthe main question, The member for Liver- pool, however, Was unwise enough to insist on a division, and hence many members who substantially agreed with him were compelled to vote for the “previous question.” Thus, although he had a really strong case, he so mismanaged the matier as to make it appear that he had on his aide only an ignowiniously small minority. IRELAND. Large Emigration from the Southern Coun- ties. QuEENSTOWN, April 8, 1869, The tide of emigration from this port, which was weil begun last month, ts rapidly increasing, and if it does not exceed the great rush of 1860-7, the year succesding the futile attempt at insurrection made by the renians, will undoubtedly be on a par with those years. The steamers which left yesterday were unable to take on board all those booked, and hun- dreds were hundreds to await here the arrival of the boats coming up next week. During last night and the night previous so overwhelming ws the crowd of people that poured into this place that accommo- dation could not be provided for them, and some remained at the railway depots, and others, who succeeded in obtaining lodgings, were obliged to sleep on forms or whatever were given them by lodging house keepers. It was calculated that over 2,000 emigrants reached here on yesterday, of whom only half were shipped. '$ The National and Inman companies have an- nounced that they will start extra steamers next week; but even with this extra accommodation several will be shut out to await the next outgoing boats. Accounts from the counties of Kerry, Tip- perary, Limerick and Waterford state that the eS Dy ving those districts are all young and healthy ¢ ig men and women of the farming and iabor- ing classes, several of whom have had their passages paid in America, and are on their way ont to join ir famtites and relatives who have made a home under the Stars and Stripes. Another feavure asso- riated im every instance with the partings of pre- vious years is fast dying out. The people are evi- denmtiy beginning to look upon emigration as a mat- ter of course. Instead of the shrieks of sorrow and regret that formerly rent the air as the tenders with their living freight left our shores now are to be heard vociferous cheers between those left behind an ae departing, the former only too anxious to es with the latier in their journey to lected homes, FRANCE. Tae Belgian Railway Difficulty—Tho Subject Not Yet Setiled. Paris (April 5) correspondence London Herald.) M. Frere-Orban is reported by the semi-oficial rints to be “perfectly satistied’’ with the resuits of is visit to Paris and the several inverviews he has had with the Emperor and his Ministers, The asser- ton coming from such @ quarter is not worth much, and the fact remains that the Prime Mintster of Bei- gium has had to come to Paris and do the amenle honorable for daring to assert the right of Belginm to do as she likes with her own, and that he has to “negotiate” about something. What that somethin, is{can’tsay. Itmay be the transfer to France ol an unimmiced privilege to ool such Belgian rail- Ways as she thinks fit, or it may be a customs union: or, again, 1t may bea mere renewal of the treaty of commerce how existing. The Patrie this evening has the following on the subject:— We maintain the truth of what we have already stated, which may thus be summed up:—Tbat the parties interested in the wo Belgian railways desire the rectification of pro- visionary treatios concluded with the French Eastern Com- pany, and hare already expressed their opinion fn that senso, bat several Bolgian provioces, and especially those com- prise under the denomination uf the Walioon districts, de- sive the renewal of the treaty of commerce with Fi j and finally that several important members of the op) pport M. Announced their intention to join the majority to Frere-Orvaa ia the polies of conciliation which he is at pres: t following out. We know that ceriain Belgian papers, in object of which is easily under- t whatever they may do that eit isin the interest of the two e _ Prom what I hear, and my sources of information aay state Without presumption are reliable, the efloris of the F government are directed to the estadlshment of @ customs union between the two countries, by the abolition of the customs line be- tween France and Belgium and the adoption of French tarufs at the Beigian ports and the Belgian, Daten and German frontiers. The French govern- {also made it a sine quad non that the law re- 'y passed, which enabies the Belgian govern- meat to take immediate possession any line of railway sold to a foreign company without its con. seat having been previonsiy obtained, shall not be owed to interiere with tie Completion of the con- ct with the Freach Chemin de Fer de Est, Frere Orban, I have reason to believe, is not prepared to grant eit these preposterous demands, wht against; aad, U say ea of the on Times of t he has great odds to th deep rerrot, ian d at against hita, to ice do not endanger Up te is more in this diien an inde thaw ap an Conspirney. ‘The Florence correspondent of the London Times 8 that there can be little doubt that the Mazzinian piracy, Which has been happily frustrated py iy discovery, had extensive ri ications aad that, although Garibaidi himself may have bees un- connected with It, ie same cannot be truly said of ail his friends and followers. Jt ts generaily be- Neved that Menottt was to have headed the republican bands in Calabria, From Lugano, it is said, Mazzini directed the organization, and wo gi the signal for the outbreak of insurree That he would have taken per- sonally a me tive sharein it than hi wont in such enterprises is not believed, and, indeed, the report is that he was ill at the time at which the g@air was to come of. Attempts were made to seduce soldiers from allegiance, but they do Dot seem to have been successful, although we hear of one or two military men having been arrested, It 18 said to have been by soldiers to whom propost- tions were mate that the plot was botrayed. Tho inj ant fact is that tt has completely broken down, It is diMoult to ascertain with certainty what its real imporvance Was, It may suit the government to allow this to be exaggerated by public report, but my impression i# that there was a danger of sections disturbances, calculated to produce co jerabie alarm and fitancial depression, although there was not the least danger to the government of the coun- try. According to the North !tatian papers the movement was to have commenced between the Zist aud zed inst, SPAIN. The Candidates for the Spanish Crown. The Paria Moniteur of the 61h instant sums up thus the contents of its latest Spanish news:— Tho drait constitution having now propounded the Mouarchival principle, # vonsioe ‘a sovereign be- comes more urgent than ever. Unfortunately the «x-Tegent of Portngal persists in his refusal Dake ce Montpensior seems to have withdrawn his pretensions, the Duke of forte oore ore od hiss forward, aud tho DuKe Of Maid hae gO chance whatever. In this state of th there ‘would certainly be @ qdisposition to re the Prince of the Asturias were it not 100 soon to give the lie to the revolution, which proclaimed the per petnal exclusion of a Bourbon dynasty, aud if the Romination of @ regent did not involve grave di:ti- culties, in case the Prince of the Asturias should after all be closen, it 18 thought that tie regeucy | will be confided either to Count Girgeat! or Marshal Prim. ‘The latter hag been absent from Macrid for the last ten days, and wnoquninn prevails that the hunting excursion on which it was gyen. out he had gone was only a pretext for a gg interview with certain personages, ws now seem to have come to such @ pass as to render the con- tinuance of the séatus quo impossible, and the news of serious events may therefore be expected from one moment to another, GERMANY. Naval Improvements and Coast Defences. The Parliament of the North German Vonfederation last year voted a loan of 10,000,000 thalers (32,500,000 francs), to be exclusively applied to the development of the German navy and defences of the coasis. The works were to have been over a certain nuiber of years. But since that time they have re- ceived go rapid an impulse and 80 coi rable an extension that the credit is now exhausted. The Chancery of the Confederation has tn consequence just laid before the Federal Council a new bill to ‘accord to the Ministry of Marine a supplementary credit of 6,000,000 thalers (19,500,000 francs), likewise to be realized by means of aloan. To justify this demand the necessity has been urged of fnishing works already commenced and of devoting more funds to the tnerease of the naval material. Such expenditure ls declared to be indispensable to give to the North German navy the amount of strengta that ought to be tusured to it. GREECE. A Grecian View of Russian Policy. {From the Pall Mall Gazette.) The indignation of the Greeks at the conduct of Russia during the late difficulties ts very strongly expressed in their press at Coustantinople, which now uses every effort to show that the St. Peters- burg Cabinet has always been opposed to the estab- lishinent of a great Greex kingdom, and that it only supported the national aspirations of the Hellenes with the object of provoking the distrust of Western Europe. A remarkable article in this sense, entitled “Pausiavism and Turkey,” is published in the Neologos, & journal hitherto chiefly known for its attachment to Russia, The writer quotes history to prove that Russia looks upon Greece a3 her rival ip the East and as the chief obstacie to the development of Pansiavism. In the late Turco- Greek dispute, he says and in the Cretan question the Cabinet of St. Peter foresaw that its pre- tended efforts to procure tie annexation of Crete to the Greek kingdom would meet with a check; but it nevertieléss stimulated the government of Kin; George to an aggressive policy, with the object o! diverting the attention of the Western Powers from its own Panslavist intrigues on the Danube. The Neologos conciudes by urging tts countrymen no longer to aliow themselves to be made the tools of Russia, but rather to earn the aympathy of the West by opposing Panslavism and preventing Russia from extending hier influence in the Fast. FOREIGN MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS, An Insane man at Amanze, France, recently mur- dered his three children and a neighbor with a hatchet. " ‘Typhus fever has aimost disappeared from Brus- sels: In February the deaths from thut disease numbered 330, and in March 103. The Catholics of Belgium have opened subscrip- tions for the purpose of,presenting a magnificent robe tothe Pope. The presentation was to take place at Rome on the Ith inst, ‘The Liderte, of Paris, of the 1st inst. mentions that @ telegram from Constantinople reports a revolt ‘mong the Bedouins and that all communication is interrupted between Alexandretto and Aleppo. On learning the death of Don Celestino Olozaga , the Emperor of the French telegraphed to the French Minister in Madrid to present his sincere expressions to the bereaved family, especially to Don Salustiano. ‘The recent odious attempt to assassinate the Vice- roy of Egypt has caused a painful impression thronghout the country, and 1s supposed to be the work of fanatics who are opposed to the imnovations lately introduced. The Werder rifle, introduced into the Sayarian army, ts creating some sensation, From recent triais it is proved that eighteen shots per minute can be dred by practical riflemen, and at 200. paces not a single ball missed the targe’ Cardinal Antonelll is stated to have confirmed the authenticity of the letter from the Pope to the Arcu- bishop of Paris, recently pablished in M. Olitvier's book, but observed that it was of a coniidential cha- racter, and ought to have remained secret, The directors of the Mount Cenis Tunnel Com. pany have reported that having passed the strata of quartz aud come upon soit stone they will be able to advance the opening by 61x months, aud, therefore, the raliroad through the mountain will be opened on the Ist of January, 1871. On thanking the deputation from Naples that pre- sonted a golden crown to the King of Italy, he ree marked :—The present moment is serious—most seri- ons; and never has there been greater needa of union. Great events are approaching, from which will spring the accomplishimeut of our wishes and tho destinies of the country, The telegraph operator at Lyons was recently astonished ut receiving the bata * moessage:—1s the weather fine at Lyons?—Louis Napoleon.’ He 800, however, recovered himself avd repited:— “soleil d’Austeriitz. Vive le Prince Imperiai "It afterwards proved to be the Prince who was trying his hand at the telegraph office in Paris. The reforin of the Russian army, placed on the or- der of the day since the campaign of 1846, 1s at last on the point of being realized. A committee has been formed at the Ministry of War to examine the Prassian regulations concerning the use for military operations of railways and navigabie canals. The rapidity with which the Prassian troop meved in 1546 has opened ail eyes to “the enormous strategical importance of railroads," A Florence letter, dated the 28th ult., in the Znde- pendance Belge, mentions a singular ramor which prevailed 1n the Italian capital on the previous day. it was said that between eleven and twelve o'clock at night the last trumpet would sound, the earth and the seas be swallowed up and all haman kind perish. The correspondent cites the case of & per- son who, after passing a troubled night, at length feil asleep from fatigue, and was astonished to awake alive in the morning. ‘The Senate of the University at Prague had decided that it would send an address to the Pope on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of nis entry into holy orders, and that it would appoint a deputy to represent the University at the gyre J Rou- menicail Council. A meeting of all the doctors of the Faculty of Medicine has just provested unaul- mously against the resolution of the academical body, and declared that it had exceeded its powers in taking such a decision. A pamphict has just been published by Steinkopr, in Siutigart, entitied “The Just Cause of Prussia, by a South German,” which has caused some sensation in that city. The author combats the opinion that the policy of Prassia in 1866, in spite of its brilliant success, Was morally wrong, and that South Ger- many in accepting its resuits and lending i her support would be sanctioning acrime. He argues that tie great national mission of Prassia and the aspirations and requirements of Germany forced the Prassian government to act as it has done, and that it isonly bya hearty and thorough reconciliation with the North that the Southern States can hope to alcuna heathy a aad tae loagings of Germaay can be satisfied. anoTHEn FOOLHANDY ADVENTURE. Narrow Eseape of the Participnters. (Augusta, (April 16) correspondeucedi the Boston Journal.) Nis afternoon Charles Marston and Frank Davia, foolish and reckless ex. uu. Marston young man who has twice within the past week performed the same feat, Navis undertook the performance on wager of gi90, A large crowd assembled on both sides of the river to view the performance, and as it was well known that the voyagers were to aatl over tue mi ldile of tue daw. thus making the feat as thrill ing as it could be made, the liveliest excitoment pre- valied, While curiosity was on tip-toe as to the ree sult. At balf-past three o'clock the wherry contain- ‘hg the aiventurers put off from the cast side of tae river, paddied by Marston. Both were seated amid- Ships, On reaching the middie of the river the boat Was wiven up to the current and down sie shot, her Speed Increasing a8 she approached the edge of the a When, amid the breathiess silence of the eclators, se plunged over the abyss into foaming, turoulent waters beneath. Where went over was not at the perpen- tthe dam, but the sloping portion, & otweaty feet, the foot of which being composed of @ series of whirlpools, Into thia seeth- ing vortex of eddies the boat disappeared, and When next seen it was shattered and bottom up, the Men clinging to tie Wreek for dear Ife. The soene Was intensely exctuing, the boat being at the com- plete mercy of the undertow, with scarcely & pros pect of the men saving their lives. A boat was sent out from the shore to allempt a rescue, but it proved aboriive. it being impossthie to extend relief. There Was hardly @ witness of ihe scene but expected fo see the men meet with a watery grave. In the midst of the danger Davia proposed quit- ting the shattered boat and trying to swun ashore; but Marston being an expert raftaman, and nos for one moment losing his 99if poseession, told his eomn- panion to hang on and he would get them both o Of the trouble. And he did. Py a #kiifal and de: terous use of the paddle, Which he had retained dnt ing the exigency, he worked ihe boat out of the foaming and dangerons gurge, ana iu a few minutes tiey cainé ashore amid we ‘wildest shout of the Had it not been for Marston's familiarlt: t eee, it highly provable neither woud au ip ie ve. Mareton has tthe sates pluce ngal: i if & purse of twenty-five ‘dollars ean be made Up toe him, but it is that the city authorities will Lee? * tion of such rua and reckless MEXICO. What Americans in Mexleo Think ef Vroste dent Grant—Disastrous Condition of Amerie can Affairs in This Coantry—The. Direful Record and Its ConsequencesAn Intereste ing Subject for the President and His Cabi- pail MazatTLaN, Mareh 4, 1869, What will Grant’s inaugural say about Mexican affairs? This is the question that has been often and repeatedly asked your correspondent and which to- day forms the principal topic in American circles here and elsewhere throughout the republic of Mex- ico, We are tn receipt of several private lotters from American superintendents, miners and business men, requesting us to forward them HERALDS con- taining said inaugaral and your editorial comments thereon, Taese letters are magnificent evidences of the intense activity of the American mind— an activity that marks the career of our country- men, whether they be found in the tropics or at the North Pole, What these inquiries mean is worthy of reflection, They are strong evidences of the firm conviction people have that the foreign policy of our government under President Grant will be marked by a vigorous and emphatic course, while at the same time in a manner consistent with the highest courtesies and comities known wo civi- lized natioas. What the policy of the United States under the new administration will be toward Mexico is a question of deep interest to all Americans. Looking at the condition of American interests here now, we find them in a most prostrate condi- tion, There is svarcely a road or @ mounsain pass throughout all this vast Northwestern country that does not exhibit the skeletons of Aincrican energy— an energy which, with all its vitality, had to suc- cumb to the pressure of bad laws and worse preju- dices, Go whore you will among the mining regions and you see steam engines, boilers, machinery and mining matertal lying in heaps, useless and rot- ting. The value of these alone amounts to hundreds of thousands of dollars, yes, to miliions. These wrecks are sad evidences of the decay and desolation that mark this fair land. Go to the agricultural lands of the Presidio valley, @ day’s ride from hero or tess, and you will sce a most lamentable skeleton of American industry. In 1864 and 1865 this valley was thoroughly Americanized. It was then a pleas- ure to pass to that part of the country. On either side of the public road were splendid farms, with fine cotton and corn fields, fine gardens, laden with the choicest fruits of the earth and everything indi- cating an era of prosperity. But wars and revolu- tions broke up that flourishing community; thor fields were trampled upon and laid waste, their mules and cattle stolen, their laborers forced into bands of marauding soldiers called armies, their laves at the mercy of dranken bandit chiefs, and thus @ multitude of barbarous influences overran and destroyed this proud and prosperous little set- tiement as eifectually as the Vandal Goths under Alaric trampled upon the greatness and the glory of the once unrivalled Romans, Of 088 who formed te Presidio col- ony but five remain. These are working against wind and tide, toiling day and night even as tue toilers of the sea. They are buoyed up by the hope that sooner or later Heaven wili do them that justice to which astute legisiators seem blind. Of the absent, nearly every one of them departed in a penniless condition, so to apeak; some had scarcely enough to pay their passage to San_ Fraucisco, others borrowed from friends, waite others left the best way they could, with their toes sticking out through their boots and ‘heir unmentionabies de- cidedly the worse for wear. Two words picture the change from what was to what is—-prosperity and desolation, Wiat we have writtsn 13 no fancy sketch, neither are the assertions mere statements. The black and hideous record is written on all sides, with American graves a3 periods in the passages of the mutuated work, The actual condition of American citizens and American inierests in Mexivo to-day are a disgrace to us asa people and a nation. Of the wretched condition of our commerce in Mexican waters we have written freely and fully. During the last year an American steamship company sunk $100,000 in the fruitiess enterprise of attempting to establish a regular line of steamers between San Francisco and the Gulf ports, and extending from Acapulco to Guaymas. Now there is only a single American sieamer, making forty day trips, between the Gulf porta and San Francisco. Eveu this will not be the case should the Custom House aubthoriiies attempt to collect tonnage, ligutiouse aud passenger duties, as it now seetns probable they will. Under the contract last year these duties were not collectable. If revived, the steamer would have to pay al the rate of one dollar per toa on her carrying capacity, and thas the nage duties on such a steamship 48 the John L. Stephens would be $1,500 per trip; then there would be three doiiars per head for passengers charged to the ship, besides a large percentage for lighthouse, while no such thing as a lighthouse exists. Ail these things added together would make an itein of great impor- tance to a steamer barely paying her way. Anocher item may be added, that of sending pilots aboard whether they are wanted or not—and they never are—and charging the smp good round sams for un- asked for services When the steamers of last year made their first trips the captains commanding were unable to find anything in the shape of a pilot, yet on second trips every port of great or little impor tance had its government pilot lording ivover the Ingh #ea# within bis jurisdiction, These provost marshais of the great deep will now find thetr ovcu- pation gone, from the fact that the condition of affairs cailing them into existence no longer con- tinnes. Then the wind-about amy drawing way of doing bysiness in the Castom fouse is a constaut source of irritation, delay and waste of vaiuable time. A steamer never can get off when she is advertised, There's always something wrong at the Custom House. Deiays follow delays until the best navured men are oxtiausted in patience. These tuings are mentioned to sivw the American ship owner, merchant and business man what they have to expect in dealiug with the enlightened aad civil- ized citizens of this sister republic. Many of them have already had a disastrous experience, but to those who have not thus been blessed the news may prove to be of saving interest. AS we write the Hke&ALo this letter for the special Information of General Grant and his new Cabinet we wiil touch upon other points that have a striking signification upon the subject noder discussion, — that mast awakeo inquiry and create a marked pression, not oniy upon those honored with guid- ing the destinies of the great repubite for the next presidential term, but upen the American people at large, We will classify those poluts to mase them a8 cleat and forcible a8 possible:— First—What has our government done to demand redreas for the murder of American citizens on te Vera Oruz Ratiroad, for those murdered in the State of Durango, as shown by the Consulate records im this city; for those butchered in Lower California, as lately reported in a spectal correspondence to the HERALD from La Paz; for the notorious and shame- fal outrages on American citizens tn Monterey, and for other murders aod outrages that dole and blacken the history of to-day? mdi—tias Mexico @ government that gives protection to life and property, and is ita govern- ment de facto and de jure? Thard--'s Vb not # great moral crime that a conn- 80 Ipexvaustibly rich In miperal aud agricultural lands, 80 delightfal in climate and so blest by nature im every respect, should be a mere butcher shop in which to slaughter humanity ? Fourth--13 not the that tno United States is in hoaor bound to sve t Mexico has @ true reput A government, wire bor sbali be encouraged aad protected aud hb life held sacred? Pifth—What aro the dangers awaiting the govern. ment and people of the Untied States as a conse- quence of our false pampering a republican des- poitsm ? Let ua now argne and reason upon these propost- tions, and then tac unprejudiced reacier can give his verdict, With regard to the first, i153 a jamentabie and undeniable fact that our government has been utterly recreant to its interest here, and the resu!t of tuis has been to lower the Awerican character and tion almost univers nate througty we Whole country. It has become quite common the ruling classes, when speak- ing of Americans, to say conten usly, * rraso, no es mas que Un Gringo” (“licll, he's Hothing but a Le rein Yet when that same class can make anything out of Americans tts amount of mock politeness is nauseating. And, too, those bitter bators of everyihing and anything American here, the so-called Dutet-verinan aristoe- racy, & mixture of moneyed arrogance and tnteliec- tual stupidity, tarn up their noses with the venom verucity of & Viper When one talks of American self-independence or the mantiost destiny of the great republic of the North. As the American character, boul in on and religions elemen: 1s the most liberal and best netured iu the world. i laughs away the petiy prejudices thus fag at it with poisonous mendacity, Yet it is aiways better to #o (amo Wild boasts tuat they dare not even show their teeth. Whatever has been our past governmental misconduct with Mexico and the record shows It has been very grave within ‘the last few years—it is now high time, both asa matter of justice and burfanity, that it should end The A ican Name 14 too honorable and too power- ful to be a byword sor a herd of assassins and Buro- pean eros. With the picture already drawn— bu ing to us in every sense—ia ti to be won- oo, it our conntrymon in this free and enlight- en bite are er ej to know what Grant wiil say rs about With regard vo the second proposition the undenta- Die answer is ‘No,’ for tu the true sense of the word ment, Mexico has known nothing of tt. We ave only to read the history of the regency and the under jturbide; the provisional government un Bravo, Victoria and Negrete; the tederat re- public, jasting from 1824 to 1807, having four differ. ent id, dictators of Whatever to; me bo ied, and Kome of Whom only ruled & few days; ceniral repnblic, having five chiefs tn three phen the dictatorsnips under Santa Anna, ‘avo, Santa Anna and Uanalizo; the second cen. tral republic, lasting from 1544 bo 1546, having five Lombardint, running through with @ succession of distinguished and ex- nfortunal themeelves, for civilization and LY, ine 4 cruelty and has been written with the pen of ink of blood, ‘Take the third lion and all reason and su Lay pie education, — Torah. gence general material welfare o| human race might be advanced if thts moral crime had its proper antidote! How the decay ana degra- dation of 7,000,000 of human beings might be ar- rested by the introduction of a higher and better civilization, What schanee might made from poverty, crime and darkness, to plenty, order and itt To think of such a utiful and rich country so wreichedly governed is @ sorrowful thought to any one the welfare and happiness of his tellow creatures. In civilized countries the law recognizes the creation of wards for those who ha\ come into the possession of reat weaita atwempt to squander it foolishly, This @ wise and humane principle, Are there not na- tions like individuals? 11 1¢ is wise and humane in the mdividual sense why ts it not equally wise and humane as applied to spenthriit an: tions? Do not the great Powers of the earth look at the Mexico of to-day as hopeless, and treat her as an outlaw; and is there not an irresistible tide of public opinion setting in that she is sadly in want ofa guar- dian? ‘This public optnion 13 the coming shadow of that manifest destiny which ts gradually writing its irrevocavle history on her northern borders, down an effete condition of civilization and building Up a bulwark equally invincible against the anarchy ol ae republicanism and the tyranny of mon- re a \. Let us now constder the fourth proposition. _ Cer- tainly the conviction is universal that the United States is in honor Lound to see that Mexico has a Just, liberal and secure government, because if it Were not for the influence of the United States Mexico would to-day have @ strong and powerful government under asemperor. While every American and every lover of republican gov- ernment might well be aiarmed at the idea of a betes monarchy being erected on our southern oundary, yet, on the other hand, the worid would rejoiwe the carnival of blood, of revolutions, of civil wars and of bandit had ceased in tho fairest Portion of the earth. But these cruel features may cease without monarchical intervention. ‘The United States is powerful enough to give Mexicoa ood republican government, 10 which labor would encouraged and protected and human life heid sacred. ‘Through the humane and benevolent influence of our government Mexico ht become one of the grea‘est nations of the earth, Without that interference there are two other modes open to her, the one the “blotting out of existence’’ process, and the other was fully treated of ina former correspondence. Mexico 1s to-day in astate of anarchy and confusion. She is without public roads, without enterprise, withous @ navy, Without @ name among the nations of the earth; for, excepting the United States, all the other great Dations Dave outlawed her for what they considered @ Wanton act of bar! an act which the United States In vain sought to avert asa foulsiain upon the iness and magnanimity of the republics of the ew World, Still, with the kind offices of the United States orgesiang all the baat) the inexnaustibie Wealth of Mexico could be unfolded, learning, com- merce and civil ation would spring into vigorous life, Mexican republicanism would mean ler and progress, nos anarchy and decay, and a new reign of Sige and glory would await this unhappy coun- , this unfortunate people. ‘The final proposition is one for reflecting men, for therein lies @ question of most vital importance to the American nation. The daugers ing to our pe eshaere through what 1s universally acknow- ocgee 54 the American people to be a tase and un- decided Mexicana policy are many, By the inaction of our State Department on this all-important sub- 4cct—and the more we inquire into this subject the greater does its importance seem—hundreds of American citizens have fled the country, disgusted with its wretched laws, the jealousy of its rulers and the disorganized condition of labor. Unable to trave) on the high roads without being laden down with revolvers and bowle Knives; unable to procure proper labor on account of military bandits pressing the jower orders of citizens into marauding bands; their property and their Ives constantiy at the merey of some drunken chicfiain and his hordes, the general aversion to anything American among the governing classes, ail combined have made Mexico au accursed country, especially for Ameri- caas, Who Irom infancy have been accustomed to a mental, political, religious and commercial liberty Known to no otuer peuple on the earth, The fact is undeuiabie that tuere are few Americans in this country to-day who would not gladly jeave it if tiey cou d do 80 at anything but a ruinous sacrifice, Wie the Americans are tus leaving in disgust a strong aul-American ladax of Germans aud Span iards is arciving, building itself up invo huge mo- nopolies, Apr q tus most valoable veal estate, buying aad selling the govergment dojng every- thing in its power to destroy rey Sitoeras: They are already masters of the situauion, mucii to our shame and humiliation. ‘Thus, strange to say, the citizens of that government which gives na- tional life to Mexico, wich has saved her frou Bu- ropean easiavement, flnd the least sympathy, while the citizens of those navions regard.ng her as an outiaw virtually hold her by the throat on their own terms, We have driven European bayonets out of Mexico, and European commerce, pandering to Mexican jeatousies, has kicked us out in return. These are hard facts, They weigh Lnnte d in the balauce agaiast us. Unless we are more firm ald far-seeing in our Mexican policy, time will add to tie dificulties and merease the weight in the balance. The founda- tions being iaid here by the commercial representa- tives of Euro; monarchy may tind erected upon them a government of bayonets and crowns. Such an attempt was made only a few short years ago, and history repeats itself, European Powers have phe pg for dependencies, and the “evil eye’ ison Mexico, Suppose the United States were to avow a policy of decided non-intervention in Mexi- Can afairs, saying to the European potentiates, “We care nothing about what you may do with Mexico; inaugurate your own policy, nobvie sirs,” how long would it be until some hilied litte German prince or proud Boarbon would replace Maxumilian, as an instrament of the monarchical idea of we divine right of kings? 1s it not, then, clear that this country owes its existence to the Uniied States? for i is alone owing to the very judicious respect European Powers have for the great American repuviic that Mexico does not see a second representation of the naval serio-comle per- fortuiauce which history records a3 having taken piace off Vera Cruz on the oth of January, 1862, when portions of tie united fleets of France, Eng- Jand aad Spaiu drew ap the curtain for the début that endod with areal imperial tragedy. Maving gay Mexico an existence and protecting her in it, jet us So act that tial existence shall not be a curse to herself and a degrading evil to her protector, leason, iyo? fud hamanity demand it, Tie masses of the Mexigan peopic would rejoice in the dawn of tranquillity, in the cessation of humaa butchery. heic record has been sad aud bloody in the extreme, Let the new life come, for it is ime that they should be saved iron the rapacious fenus of cruelty and caraage. Message of Gover: Rabi—The Shocking Condition of Financiul Affairs—The Coming Revolution, MAZATLAN, March 9, 1369, The following message has been addvessed by the Executive of this State to the Legislature, now in 8€32.00 Ua tis city: — Orrizen Dervries—The financial condition of the State could not possibly be more wretched; pabiic funds are in 4 condition of complete heiplessness; the reccipts reduced to @ miserable extreme, aad the prospect for the empioyés and fanctionaries es deruina y de yeseria is rain and misery). In #uch aMicting cironmstapces the government has no Other recourse than to address itself to your honor- ole Congress, aS the source of legisiative power, tat it may inaugurate some means to cover the Urgent necessives Of the public servants; that, fail- ing in this, the administration will be completel, araiyzed. Oharged to waten over the public wel- fare, which sacred trust has been wer in me, notwiihstanding my poor strength, | comply with my duty in addressing ‘he elected of the ‘plo, Wiose power itis to remedy the evils of the; re carious situaiion in which we fad ourselves, that y may be quickly avd securely remedied. Tho Xecutive does not take te iaitiatory steps,coniding in the better judgment of the honorable Congress to alleviate the lerrivie crisis through whieh the State is passing, aud the bxecutive hopes that by the united will of the citlzen deputies @ complete sola- tion of the situation will be arrived at. The State having abolished the abundant rents arising out of tue right of registry, the consequence 18 Upon Us; for the taxation otherwise coming into the State Trea- sury does Hob cover a third part of the public ex- nses. Belicving it useless to enter fully into do- tous with which the honorable Congress 18 80 well acquainted, I cone ude, hopl that your honorabie body will masier the dimeatties A oa od acti and thas Ji to the servants of rp) ab the rewara of their iabora, DOMINGO RUBL. Independencia y libertad, Certainly the above message 1s not flattering to the Mnaucial condition of the State of Stnaloa, and from ail appearances tho next message will have to lament a still more deplorable condition of afuirs, Owing to the excessive rains of the past winter and the great foods which inundated the country in all directions crops of all Kinds toa great extent Will be failures. Jnaoed, 1¢ 14 beileved that a famine awaits the people of this State—a people now pov- erty stricken In the extreme. The collection of ex- cessive taxes, added to the very high prices of the principal articles of consumption—corn, beans and four—will weigh heavily on the masses. And as food and money become scarce the “public servants” will tnerease to armies, There is not @ country In the world, according to the population, where there Src 40 many officials, civil end military, asin Mex- of dictae | ico. And when a native once holds oMce and lives from the publio treasury he rarely ever returns t civ fe, Through behavior and bad or he will cling with a death Fran bis office, whether on full pay or half pay. if he is upset by revolutionary movements he again falls into his old place A peculiar strategy of adulation known only to Mexicans; but failing in this, which 18 seldom the case, then he becomes a prop in some antagonistic revolutionary force, and poe day and night until the lost ground is regained. it goes on ear to year, ana so it will go on as long a8 mor ism is the majestic attripute of Mexican character. “Once @ soldier, or once an ollive-holder, never @ man,” flnds @ literal fulfilment in Mexico, But does 15 not seem useless to waste time in writing about the wretched government of pountie Unicohnnssely, that wiuptebodneey i yd jncreasimg, men who preten: destinies of the nation are blind to fie terrible evils that affect it, They know that their coun- try is going to ruin and desolation, that It is bein: fast depopulated; yet they will tell you witl a cold, snakelike shrug, that ‘but themselves gerne ironed Such Is flagrant, and, we ht say, indigenous want of moral principle that drags down the country to the abyss of crime and reas of Cemeneeen he man who has us isee among Mexicans in own strongholds, who not had business relations with them, who has not fathomed the moral rottenness of their law courts, breathed the putrid air of their matrimontal life, sought tn vain for true honor and manliness amid their living monuments of heroes and chieftains—in fact, nO man who has not studied then thoroughly on their own soil can divine Hoe aeee. damnation’? engraven, stamped, and beaten upon their national character, Let us add that these are not the opinions of parties who have been unfor- tunate in mining speculations, who have failed to procure splendid corner lots or who have been aijsagreeab! deat with im a _ matrimonial sense (that ls a nice way to express marital inidel- ity). No. the con! every man of judgment and good sense, every man willing to value Mexican human nature for its Worta, without pre) judices for of against, will concur unanil ‘as to the mora! rot: tenness and mental imbecility of the nation. Taking all things into consideravion, among them the idle, Sevan: ee, Vagabond masses (made so by a more thieving vagabond crew of leaders), the hordea of hungry officials in civil ana military life, and the wonder is that so much effeveness has existed 80 long. 1¢18 but just to say, as a finality, that there are some elements of ‘good among the masses when — are removed from the influence of debasing military chiefiains; but where this 1s the case you look for human bestiality. ere ts great excitement here from the receipt of intelligence that the United States War Department has ordered General Halleck to Keep troops in readiness for any Mexican emergency, and that the Naval Department has given tustructivns for an American war vessel to survey the principal harbor in we whe of Fae adien ane ipmemonn sailed from this port , Supposed for this purpose. promineat gentleman of: this city has micro) Offered to bet $1,000 that within six months the United States flag will fly over Northwestern Mexico. Placido Vega, ex-Governor of this State, is again reported on the borders of Sonora with armed forces, and Colonel Palacio is enroute to join him. Colonel Adolfo Palacio has escaped from prison after eight months close confiuement. A pronunciamiento ig expected from him daily.- Palacio was the rea! ohiet of last year’s revolution. Government anthorities have offered its secret agents $3,000 for his capture. ‘Tue strong feeling against Juares and his adminisire- tion is on the increase throughout the country. Here his enemles are counted by strong najorities. HAYTI. Commerce at St, Marc—Outrage by Sale nave--An Accident on Board the Steamer 5 iain Br. Mano, March 28, 1600. ‘The English brig La Cayenne will leave in abont a fortnight for New York. There are several Eng- lish and many French vessels in port and plenty of cotton, coffee and rosewood to load them. This place has all the commerce now, as everything from the country comes in here, all of Salnave’s ports being blockaded by land, and business is quite brisk. In all the other ports of Hayti the people are in it wank. lish schooner Anna was hoarded off Jeramie a few days ago, and towed into Gonaives. ‘Though she bad a lawful cargo the crew were taken out by force und the cargo plundered, after which they let her go, The captain has entered a protest wae Salnave and his doings. Sainave is @ great rate, The steamer Telegrafo, Captd@ William E. Plummer, is lying in this port. A few days since tho general who has the steamer under charter had a visit from the President of the city. In firing the salute on the departure of the oilicials a gun went off while being loaded by the second mate aud ex- ploded a keg of powder which stood near. Two men were killed aud tiree severely burned by the explo- sion, Itis hoped the survivors will recover, The killed were the boatswain and one of the crew, ‘The captain was on shore at the time, und the accident occurred entirely Uarougia the carelessness of me second mate. AQUATIC, Champion Race Between the First Cutters of the United States Stewner Resaca and the Sioopeof-War Jamestowu—iuterosting Pare deulars of the Contest. MAZATLAN, March 7, 1860. One of the handsomest boat races we have ever Witnessed came off lo-day between the Arst cutters of the United States steamer Resaca and the sioop- of-war Jamestown, distance three miles, for a stake of $100 in gold, put up by the crews of the cutters. ‘The weatner was delightfully charming, the waters of the bay smooth, and light breezes from the souti made the air delicious. On shore a multitude of eager spectators took up positions around the little fort commanding the entrance to tne harbor, while others ascended to the signal station and like com- manding positions. On board the Resaca were a large number of guests, ladies and gentlemen, while in the bay numerous parties were plying abouts in small boats, Everything prepared, precisely at 2:56:45 P.M. the cutters started with the utmost precision, by word of mouth and the firing of @ rifle, tho Jamestown’s boat having fourteen oars and the Resaca’s twelve. The cutter of the latter led off handsomely and gained on the first minute @ perceptible distance, her anta- gonist ploughing the smooth waters with energetic stroke for the lead. On the third minute out the Resaca cu ter made forty-six strokes Wo the minate, and her rival forty-five. At the rounding stakeboat the latter gainod, but on the homestretch the outter of the Resaca came down to work like a greyhound, and literally jamped out of the water. At 3:68:46, as both bouts passed (he Prussian ship Hans, Captain Einsewneycr fired a salute of two guns in honor of the American flag and the competitors, At’ 3:10:20 the Resaca culter made fifty-two strokes to the min- ute and the Jamestown’s fifty-one. At this ime it was distinctly visibie which would be the winning boat. Precisely at 3:12:15 the crew of the former tossed oars as they passed throug tne winn! stakeboats, and at 3:12.46 the Jaiestown tossed, having been beaten just half a minute on the three mile race, This is the frst time the cutter of the Jamestown has ever found a rival, having beaten everytoing in the American, French, fnglish and Dutch fieets in the Chinese seas in L364, and aiso the Resaea cutter on the Christmas of 1867, in Sitka barbor, Alaska. Territory. ‘This leaves the championship to the Re~ saca ta Une waters of the Pacific, her outter having boaten in a race one of the feetest boats from her fa ‘gs steainer Pylades on the 9th of Pebruary last of San Bias, ine first harbor south of this point. The iatver was distanced ia a three and a half mile race one minut id thirty-lve seconds. iho race concluded this alternoom was one of the plea- santest and best natured tmaginabie, There were no disputes or iil fvelmg of any kind. ‘The judges—Kn- sign Samucl W. Very on the part of the Kesaca and Ensiga P. T. Cunningham on the part of the James- towp—came to a quick decision. Instantly after tne race wll boats rowed over under the Yow of the sicamer and Bosign Very, addressing bur sign Cunningham, reques' the courtesy of his de- cision, The latter, addressing Captain Lewia, com- Mmanding the Resaca, and the olllcers and quests assembied, pronounced the Judgment, when thr cheers were given for the Jamestown culter, follow! by three cheers for the winners. Aiter the cheering the corres; jout of ino Naw YoRK HERALD, who held the stakes and accompanied the judges, handed over the stakes, $200 and some private beta, to Ene sign Very, on behalf of the winners, The sport of Ease concluded by the Resaca izing three guns jon0r. er al ester ws will add that in tho winter of 1807 your Whu enjoyed the pleasures of this occaston, first met the Jamestown nd Resaca in Sitka harbor, they were en- deavoring to freeze out the yellow fever, and now ee eae ea ae a Sa miles with the Jamestown shightiy am with the sual pI ey cases. ‘The ship is tenet oughly a and under the careful supervi- pons ‘Sui faiton there need be neither fear nor alarm. ‘This ts the secoud time the Jamesto: has had the dreadful disease, besides having the low fever, Writing of "a Bport we should have mentioned that the one and all, pro- the crews of racing cutters to be the finest looking lot of sallors they ever saw, as they really were, every one of them splendid, muscular, Javolligent looking fellows. Sunvervor Connent has a tee Mr. Henr; £ Abell as rey Surveyor, to place of David Smyth, resigned. Mr. Abeli was lately edt or of the Unton, the republican organ of Schonarie count and formerly of the Frankun Vistlor, Me. Abell Native of harie, and a young man of much abl Mi id Wiil prove @ useful gud valuable oficor,— A Jor April 1,