The New York Herald Newspaper, March 8, 1869, Page 8

8 The Growth of the German Element Among Us—Its Causes and Sources. Relations of the Germans to the ceded. th tivity Commerce, . ) Industry, Society and ire cid nut ary fo, petape aot over ot Politics of the Country. What Should Be Done to Produce Con- gsuity of Sentiment Among All Portions of the People. ‘We cali ourselves nation. Inall Fourth of July ha- rangues and from the platform at all political gather- ‘Ings the glory of the American eagle and the prowess of the American nation are eloquently dwelt upon and patriotically praised. No one can object to such out- bursts of love of country, to this sort of self-glorifi- cation, It indicates a deep-seated feeling for the and of one’s birth, and is justly applanded and ap- preciated as such. But mere empty words bear but dry fruit, The growth and prosperity of the country proceed not from polished descriptions of its great- ness. Words are mere sound, vanishing in the air “dike the baseless fabric of a vision,” and count for buta very minute portion of the modern agencies for tho development of progress, Montecucull, when asked for the three means most necessary to carry on war with success, replied:—First, money; second, more money; and, third, still more money. And in like epigrammatic manner it may be said thas to promote the progress and de- velopment of a country action—contanued action, resolute, unceasing action—on the part of its people is most required, This action, wo be necessitates study of two things—first, of the object whereon to expend itself, and, second, of the means wherewith to act. It is mot the province cf this article to say More of the first of these two subjecta mentioned than to refer merely to the admitted axiom that steady advancement in all maternal and ectual pursuits of man is one of the greatest ts ofa nation's political and social life, and that ali measures of its internal and external polity should be so shaped and dissected as to foster and accelerate this advancement. To be able fully to perform this incumbent duty it is necessary to have recognized and understood the means which the people themseives yield for the statesmen and the government to apply. These again depend on ‘the pecullar condition and situation of the people, on the relations ana resources of the country, on individual and national characteristics of what may be termed the component parts of thepopula- tion. And itis especially to this latter subject that We propose to address ourselves at present. Nor is it intended to discuss the whole subject with all its many and intricate ramifications. A single branch will sufice for acursory glance, and even that affords matter sufiicient that the political economist could ‘Write volumes of instructive essays, and yet never come near exhausting it, This branch ts indicated Dy whe title to this article. itis all very weil to insist, as against the whole world outside our limits, upon the one undivided nationality of the American people—upon our na- tional American character having been rendered compact and solidified by the late war. This is true to a certain extent, and to a certain limited extent only, In the eye of the world the American citizen, no mat- ter where born, ought to be vested with all the rights and privileges conceded to or demanded by the Ame- rican nation. And at home, in the eye of the law, citizenship confers ‘pon all alike the same preroga- Vives and the same duties. In so far, therefore, as the technical application of municipal and inter- national law is concerned, we are, in every sense of the word, a nation. But true statesmansi looks beyond and behind the mere technicalicies of law; it dissects, not, like the coroner, to find the cause of death, but tosearch for the souree of new and tn- creased vital power, which, wisely led, will fer- tilize the mental and physicat labors of the people. Bringing this method of inquiry to bear upon the Subject beiore us, the careful and unbiased observer must come te the conclusion that in every other view, except the technical aspect of the law and in F cero gage spread-eagle speeches, we are yet far beng a nation. To make us such there is more needed than the gradual abrasion of State lines and ‘State rights, through the concussion of the late revo- jntionary strife. Community of interest alone will not do it, It requires a certain ed of homogeneity 1m fil that percams to national life to constitute the inhabitants of a country to all intents and purposes auation, Looking at it m this view the conviction forces itself upon the mind that we are not even a people, but only an agglomerate of the ple of dif- Tercut natioualities, livig and ‘acveloping the same country each in his own way, and bound together only by the technical ligament of American citizen- sulp; some os tee it by the accident of birth, rome by the judgment of @ court acting under the law, upon their voluntary desire and application. Ali the countries of tue earth have their representa- tives here, making up the | it hat of the 40,000,000 of people imbabiting the land known in political geography as the United states of America, What is, under these circumstances, the duty of Wise statesmaaship? surely, first, to Know the eie- ments of which this variegated population is com- posed and then so W shape the system of laws and adminisiration that in its infivence upon the life of tue country it may result not only in an externa! commingling of these many parts, but in cementing them together, heart and soul, into one nation, ho- inogeneous in interest, objects and aims. Neither Siguiarity of bab.ts, of customs and methods of social life, Ror of language, need be attempted, for it would be bow inadvisabie and unpraciicavle. If one com- won senument of poitical unity, of national cohe- rence, pervade the whole mass of the people, they will constitute an inacparable nation, whether Individual portions of tt trace their origin to Ger- wmauy, irelund, ¥rance or elsewhere. it 18 this sen- ument of nations Congruity which makes the Freuch & great navon, and ut is the want of ib which tlrestens to snap the cord of colesion between, nd and Ireland, «saving thus brietly and in this introductory man- er brougut home to the reader the. im) NCL O1 tne fuquiry proposed we suall follow it with ex- piainius our view, m ilke brief manner, of the ti of the German element, its causes ana the relations the Germans have sastatned and tue Iniuemoce they Nave gained in regard to the ‘lai, Unancial, tudustrial, social and poliu- aury; and lastly, what is necessary, ce and perfect that congruity of all portions of the pie ua. sat becwe peo iy required for tue farther deveiopment of | from rican nationality. | L—THE GROWTH OF THE GERMAN BLEMENT—rTs CAUSES AND SOURUES. Fifty years ag (here was not any German immi- gration into this country worth the name. There were isojated arrivals with Germans intending to settie here, but @ systemaue migration of a large portion of the German people w the Repub- lic of the West was not kuown. Siinilar arrivals Occurred even in colonial times, as far back ‘as the frat half of the last century. They were gen- ezaily poor laborers, who, on landing, were sold for the passage money and ao proiit to whomsoever ueeded their labor. By such the James River Canal, in Virginia, Was built, ana what is now a populous snd indusirious part of that State, Rockingham county, for instance, aud what is known as the “Tenth Legion,” and uiso may districws of North Carolina and portions of our own State were settied by them. A more concerted movement was induced Dy religious persecution, and iarge tracts in Miadle aud Northeastera Pennsyivanta, and the Mohawk Valley, in New York, were peopled by zealous reli- jouisia, prohibited by local prejudice ia Gern au Worsbipping God according to the d’ tates ot ther Own consciences, During the Kevolutionary war the auxiilary troops under Knyphausen, solid to King George Uy the Wiector of tlesse, fu also many permaneut settlers to we ¢ and in afier years @ goodly numver descendants of these “Hessians” rose to promi- nence anu distinction. During wis centary and be- fore the year He3@ ovcusiONal Arrivals of Ger maus cou erally in bypall numbers, but at hea times in whole communities, uke the Rappists, who settled in Pennsylvania: the Stephanites, in Sout eastern Missouri, aud Bul, as has been ¢ Marked, 10 such sysu used Immigration of Gers mans, pourivg Im upon our shores in unbroken stream, a8 at present, was then known, The first impuise to this Was given by the fatiure Of (He fevolutiouary movement m Germany in 1891--y, Whien jollowed the reyolapion to France, the expulsion of Charice X, and the taliation of Louis Poppe a ww F 800. It Was then, particn lary Giker Wie Four 1532, that thousands of well-to-do families, of educated young men, of jewsloual wen, of wea Who had been in the civil service of their native country, and who had become objects of bateed aud perscoution by their government on ac- cou :( of ther participation in the popular movement for more liberal institutions, fled to America as the galest retreat, These men were imbued with an eniaiged jove Of liberty nud firmly attaehedtto re- abucan primeiples, and no mere mercenary mo- z 19 mere desire for matcrial improvemeni— Jed them hither, NeW Orleans, Baltimore, Phila- dcipi.a end New Yerk received a portion of phe, incentives for immigration. The intellectual eld was not orgotten, ana pinot] in the ‘teen | years fol on: rman peri- od had = made its ical started into life, most, though not ail, of which have sneceeded in pHa Fao 3 tages of the country for free development, for the | or class legisiation, from all interference with the KEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, MAROH 8, 1869.—TRIPLE SHEET. a E | fue like the ‘Adler, ivanias to tas’ Geeipaa aéack of tho last century. ww, however, there came a change. Thnidly at cautiously, here and in the Cr newspal were by the men that jerlod devoted to. the ant teem ee aes though many failed success crowned others. Very nearly a majority of the most successful German now in the United States im the became aware of the tude and in- piney tux of thet dissatis: America. Decrees pron the purpose of and mg | the emigrant by restric- chicanery, of bringing about a dimi- nution of emigration, But all these decrees and promulgations were of no avail. Even down- it prohibition could not stop it. The hope living in @ “free country” had too ate tractions for the and down-trodden artl- gan, mechanic or oa ‘pidly sett sagt Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and important be termed “old in this Cincinnati, Louis- expand. the anv tedus- trial cities were foun er te in Were in Eien Daven- in lowa, and many grew 8 propor- Bon of important centres, and the whole Wes! auded by the liberal i si Bt the federal government in re- i the ni ic foreigners, by the absence of burdensome taxation, Metness to 2 blooming garden, Fielding lerness to a bloom! en, y! tenfoid returns to the labor of man. Pai | the latter years of this period (1846-1848) the Mexican war. Those who recollect or parsictpated in the memorable conquest can test! the extent of useful aid rendered to the country of their adoption by the Germans, and on the battle ilelds of that war the blood of the Germans was freely mingled with that of their comrades in arms of other nationalities, fighting under the same starry banner. The years since 1848 to the present time again mark @ new and distinctive era German immi ion. Im that year the February revo- lution in France was immediately, March, followed by the uprising of the people in Germany. The his- tory of that year and ofthe year following, of the contests between the ree and their rulers, and of the final suecess of armed despotism over undisci- plined enthusiasm, need not here be told. These events are too recent and their general outlines too well known even here to require anything more than a mere reference to them tor the purpose of this article. The triumph of despotism in Germany was complete, and thousands upon thousands of refu- gees fled to this country from the walls of a lifelong rison or the halter or the bullet of the executioner. "hese were to a large extent of the same class as the per Sayyed of ee a Lope in various pro- feasions, merchant good standing, young stu- dents full of desire to learn, to work and to rise; tradesmen and artisans, whose associations with the liberal movement had rendered their stay at home impossible. The great republic of America attracted them all; her quiet influence had guided them in their attempted revolution; her /iberal in- stitutions were now to them a promise of a life of freedom and advancement. They came in hundreds and in thousands, settled in various profitable pur- friends and red, and while they all prospered they enriched the count and 4 its material welfare, Dron perity and international great proportions never ed of informer years. Thi same results followed it as were mnoed after ‘he increased ion in 1832, only in @ much greater ratio. ore of cities in the West was furniainng a larger volume for export, The demand a volume for ex; ie deman {or labor increased in like proportion, and this again, besides the other causes above, added Cd appearance now ten ti mseives. The advan- success of all, as a rule, who deserve success and are resolved to earn it, were more and more made a not by theoretical tradiction, but by the potent And as effect becomes the cause for thus the causes and the incentives for immigration from Germany were multiplied from year to year. the population than Philadeiphia, and we have more cities in man German Confede: and the centres of transoceanic cominerce. are about a4 many tyes bo language, —) a : as in all Germany, and twice as many of these rs to the here have a circulation of 10,000 an: yr ror “ oid country. immi ‘There were also landed 3,862 Swiss, of whom over two-thirds were from the Gerinan cantons of Swit zerland and 2,511 from France, of which number not less than half were from Aisace and Lor- raine, or virtually Germans. crease by ftmigration, increusé of births over deaths among the Germans bp ion to the whole population, which is now the fecundity im Aitutmtion ‘in Wie tmmigration of other nationall- ment allowing of con- in the social scale of pri Sara mea seminred 2 eve: further advancement, Hence, to-day we safely assume the entire may German lation in this country, counting in th = ley | tn the Arst gee gin anf the wants and needs, in a@ political as; offspring, still retaining the pe and habits of their parents, at from 10,000,000 to 000, with a wer of pa over 1,000,000, ere 13 vi New ore city, with more German inhabitants than any cm in Berlin; Germany, except Vieuna and ere are probably not four cities in fatherland that have as larger German this country containing over 30,000 Ger- residents than ps the whole of North ion, excepting the old caj vals ere urpals published in the ly and weekly, in this country, over as in the And the cry is, still they come. Last year the lon at this port was 131,949 of the total num- 666, or very nearly two-thirds of the whole, Such @ yearly in- added to the natural lent here, will soon change their reiative t one-fourtie. Wi ‘ith the acknowledegd decrease of the native American stock and the ties, as shown the statistics of past years, the Tatio of the G ans in this country to the rest of the inhabdiients must, in the course of not many years to coine, rise from one-fourth to a third, or even higher. And not the Germans alone, bat the Whole couniry from the Penobscot to the Kio Grande, the Allantic to the Pacitic, in the future as it has in the past, will reap the rich harvest, ee OF THE GREMANS TO THR CoMm- ® NANOKS, INDUSTRY, SOC! y Lie TICS OF THE CoUNTRY, pyaih: mares: ‘That stica tremendous indux of immigrants, con- tinued now for neurly forty ye been without vast intuence epee the 5 live of the country in every com aspect. has already been partially si and It is undoubtedly evident to ali taat this infia: must have extended from year to year from the 1 narrow fields whieh felt it first to other and w branches, tonchtng at last the whoie composition our society and the very germ of our political Li And this is partially trae. itis not nece " into any minor details to show it. Every attentive busines’ man knows it to be so and every wide- awake poliactan feels It. No one can or will deny t causes which have aided in among the many cing the inter. i To le. It 18 not Receneare to pi pS egress even sacrificed Preaning of bea 1s sald here will be fully under- thts in both ways their share to The Increase ote akanal ‘weal And as this netiopal wealth finds in dollars and Se tensr uae mi ceeres national wealth and also resting on its thfuiness the upward course of the ros ouatry, 80 much the wonder o the perity of count age. Soing somewhat into details, it may be stated that there is no branch of commerce or the United Stat perhaps, some portions of New Engiand, in w: Germans do not share proportionately with other nationalities, In every olty in the country they form a li res) int the thle: oI “ag mereant spannfacinring rat . A lately published list of the intern: enue assessors for the district of St, Louis shows it of the whole money value of sales made in that during the month of January lastabout one-third made by German houses or by firms having one ore German partners.gAnd the internal revenue of our own city and vicinity, if carefully ex- would certainly show, not only that a very jon of our trade passes through German also that they take ry considerable part of manufacturers, some branches 0! ufacture, as clothing, for instance, are, to it sauna, sinanet monopolized vy them. We them heavily sepeeeenien. the ting, Ct: a 3} ral aia by thelr aera ia all a8 they properly sho! YY. : the ways ol pares society, to the general welfare. And in social lite their interest is not less felt. The ancient vigor and abstemiousness of the Puritan and Roundhead are loosening their hold, and the genial and exhilarating amusements and a1 18 of Ger- mer the social habits and customs of the father- 3 < ety Eye € 5 and promise, in time to come, to grow from exotic, ag they have been, to be not only domiciled, but in- digenous to the country, not only tolerated, as they were once, but adopted by a large ‘tion of the cularize, The In the politics of the country the German citizens have already acquired indirect influence. With our democratic form of government, where the suc- — oy party or of governmental hp mpi is de- c numerical preponderance at the polls, this could not be otherwise. Parties must be alert to ascertain the views of the people, and they must accommodate themselves to them if they wish to get the votes of the people, Hence even the temporary success of Know-Not! ism was only possible so long as the great bulk of immigration since 1848 did not yet have a vote. The revival of that agitation now atterly out of the question. The flercest Know- Hees “ray "Ss Sion Saute DI ry @ ltberal recognition of the paws of naturalized citizens hereafter. But this has hitherto been only a_ negative influence, produced by the mere weight of their Bumbers, added to the numbers of naturalized citi- wens from other countries, It was in rare instances, few and far between, that they lad any direct part in legislation. Missouri had a German er the Assembly and several members of that body. Iilineis had a German Lieutenant Governor, Wisconsin a German Governor; other States in the West hed several minor State and county oMcers and seats m the Legislatures fillea by Germans; but all this, m comparison with their number and vote, was but a8 @ drop in the bucket. The drawback they suffered under was the language and the inability of most of their emment men to speak it Muently and correctly enough to them ready debaters and influential legislators. Now this is c} In many cities of the Union we find Germans, members of the bar, as conversant with law and as ever ready fora tilt of words in court or anywhere as the best of their professional breth- ren. Others, in other learned professions, some in the ease of privacy and enjoying the sweets of wealth, have acquired the same facility in speech and pen alike in English as in German. Hence we will see a German from Missouri, one of the immigrants of the later period, entering the Senate of the United States as the elected representative from hia State, the peer among the peers in the theoretically highest de- Itberative assembly in the world. Twenty years ago Tilinois sent an Irishman, James Shields, and Lou- isiana a Frenchman, Pierre Soulé, to the same body, and the first afterwards represented Minnesota and Oregon in turn in the same body. And though the French aud the Irish were twenty years in advance, it bears not much against the Germans, that with all the difilculties to contend against, they have profited by the delayand have come up at last, and while roperly preserving their own have acquired our to perfection. UL WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO PRODUCE CONGRUITY OF SENTIMENT AMONG ALL PORTIONS OP THE PEO- PLE. This awakening of the German element to direct eset cnanpien in the higher sphere of politics, the jegisiat! for the country, will and can have but one result, and that a beneficent one. It will strongly tend to break down the barriers that have Ng 4 been maintained between Americans, Irish, Germans, French and other na- tionalities. The ability to participate even in the highest duties of an American citizen, those of na- tional 1} ior, on & footing of perfect equal- ity with creates that respect which citizen- ship alone did not command, and which the differ- ence in language so long delayed. This will lead to @ better appreciation of the important services ren- dered the country by the German element, and hence will ultimately flow that unity of patriotic feeling and congruity of sentiment without which we are @ great and powerful community of different nationa'ities, commanding respect for our strength, but not a homogeneous nation. It should, therefore, be borne in mind that absten- tion from ali invidious distinction, from all odious innocent habits and customs of one nationality by another, from all laws which seek to enforce the pecultar views upon this or that subject of one part of the community upon the other, 18 one of the first public means to reach the desired end, aa by it many of the priuclj causes which now excite animosity and bitterness between the several nationalities would be removed. And then let the Germans themselves be — no 1 whole country, run not after faise rush not put f So, capable of copmg with the ablest, and they can thus contribute to merge all the people of the land into one compact, coherent American uational- ity, posessing @ multitude of customs and speaking a plurality of bee oon ed with the Snglish as the best ypted avd only jonal tongue. NOVEL READING—IS IT SINFUL? The Christian Standard, published at Alltance, Ohio, and Campbellite in its religious profession, re- juestion of a correspondent—‘Is the habit of novel reading sinful 1"’—as follows:— The objects had in view are:—Firet, to obtain tn- formation. Second, to be awakened to reflection and investigation.’ Third, to be warned against evil and strengthened in the love of that which is good, Fourth, to form and cultivate a correct taste— to minister to the love of the beautiful, It is evi- dent ai a glance that novels, if aliowabie at ali, can- not properly form the staple of our as shey cannot minister to the more important ends sought. Novels do not convey i Neituor is it their prime object to awaken reflection and investigation. They may warn evil and encourage goodness, and they may aid us to culti- vate a pure literary taste. They are chiefly vainable, when valuable at all, for delimeations of character and for unmasking and satirizing the follies or vices or crimes of the age. We can no more condemn all novels, therefore, than we can recommend all books that are not novels. A thing may be as valuable on a 2 Of fletion, when true to nature, as when fur- nished on the historic page a# true mm fact. The les sons taught tn the parables of Jesus are as valuable as if they had been conveyed in « homily, and a great dea! more pleasant to stady. But as it is not the chief end of reading to gratify the imagination or please the fancy, novel reading mast huid asubordinate place. As a literary recre- ation, a# @ pleasant change from severe meutal toll, asa ss aud not Useless way of spending an oad hour aot otherwise devoted, as a pleasant treat to an overtasked studeng ora relief toa morbid state of mind, it may be desifabie occastonally to read @ good novel. Bat when this becomes the chief object of attention it absorbs Lime from more vaiuable pur- poses, enervates the mental powers, unfite for se vere study, and emasculates the whole intellectual and more) nature, ‘The Wavertey novels are, in the judgment of com- , pevent critica, much better aud every way freer trom objection than most works of fiction, About once @ ‘ar, it may be, one of the Waverley novels might be state and titernattonal commerce of the country the rapid =and wnparaticied development of ihe agricuitnrat resources of the Weat was one of the most potent. ‘This coutd only have veen brought | about, aw it actually was, by an unprecere: platty in the increase of population, and tht of increase was again the cause of tau of which the Germans, fot tue last fort; formed about one-half, Commerce where an exchange of commotdicies t% possbic, where there is something to buy or to sell, or both it creaces nothing; It merely trausport what t+ already produced to oluer piaces where'nt t# needed, ead exchanges bt for what it Mos of production the reauit of the labor hert—to supply this want elsewhere, Increasing Production is therefore natu. ratly followed by an increase of exchanges and the dewand tor an increase of fachities for en fon, and these again, in various ways, stimufhte proiuetion, Hore we have in @ putshell and as plain as it can be made the tntaence of theWerman imnugration upon the asiounding Mmerease of our commerce, Without their ald the capacities for prodnetion of the West Would bot bave been developed ty the e degree and in the same ravio of increase as they have hn. Henee commerce would have advanced with wud our means of transportation would have been extended with such gigantic strides, read by almost anybody for the benefit of meatal tion. Dut to have novels lying about the house to be read by children at will is about as bad as having Whiskey about the honse to be drank by them #! Wilt—espectaily such trashy books as most popu novels are, As to the proportion of tune to be alo to novel reading, we know nothing better (haa the hint in Pants advice to Timothy about Wine—fake u little,” just a little. THE OHIO PARRICIDE, Cincinnati Commercial, March 6.) the young m fupposed to be the Stepfatier, J. H. Rice, the farmer | wr mu Who wes kill fh it Shamrock Landing, near Kou ‘ams colity, Ohio, a few days since, arrived In this city late night before last In charge of detective Boileau, who recetved him from th resting officer at Cairo, Ill, Lardy t# slenderl It and exceedingly yonthful in appearance. He wiil be twenty-one oll in May, but does not look to he over seventeen, His complexion fs dark and his hair black as the raven’s wing. The expression of his Saiuerton is not ren); 1, but there are cer- tam sinetver lines about his face, and a stealthiness in the glance of his eye that is by no means \- sessing. Having confessed to iue Cairo omeern flint he committed the deed with which he ta charged be converses Very freely about it with those around him. He pleads no justifeation for his terrible act. The manufacturing industry of (ne country owes | The old. man was alwWays kind to him, he saya, and & similar debt to the German immigration, partly for | deserved a mere opty death. roads, the same reasons as commerce and rat and partly on account of the vast amount of skilled and artistic labor introduced So it invo the coun! mided ro the enterprise and wkili atready di here wo so characteristic of America, More consume more of manutactares than a less mt and hence by increasiog the fo forniabiog @ mar! to Dut by tar the eat scoters, their nuxnber would thelr wi , and drawint & hye irom rittebary (1%) & Sb Louis (Mo.). gives she larger seaie, and increaaii rou helped to inerense the purebasung Sower of tne pe aided | is now tn # cell in And yet the young murderer states that he dug ine stepsatner’ ‘week or ten daye before ne kitied iin, ibis. According to his own account he got ‘he body and ransacked the house’ to on re e stontly denies that the litle horn ie HO Hittle bor ho: t und boy who left im had an, to do with the murder, He Ninth street atreet_stetion house, where he will remain until next mM bight, when he will be taken to Adams county for | rent, ANOTHER PLAN FOR THE RESUNPTION OF SPEC PAYMENTS. To Tax Eprror oF THs HERALD:— The Agricultural Department, in its monthly report closing 1868, states the crop of cotton of the United States of the growth of that year to have been 2,380,000 bales, The commercial sources put its value at $200,000,000 to $250,000,000. If the crop of 1809 in the United States can be increased above that quantity 2,000,000 bales, making 4,380,000 bales, and so giving 3,500,000 bales, 1,575,000,000 pounds, to be exported at twenty cents a pound in gold, it will realize $315,000,000, which, with other exports, will pay for ‘imports, without export of gold, and give us a return current of gold from Europe akin to that of King Solomon from Ophir—of over $80,000,000. ‘This sum, with other possessions of gold hereafter stated, would warrant specie payments to be resumed in the summer of 1870, Whenever the great fabric of credit is assailed through lack of confidence in its stability panics and financial distress follow. The revulsion of 1857, initiated by the failure of the Ohio Life and Trust Company, swept on with tornado fury from the Ohio to the Bosphorus, through all the cities. was trembling in suspense for some hours, waiting the decision of the Bank of England on an applica- tion for aid to the great American house in London of Peabody & Co, Uf all who have written or spoken upon resump- tion many have advised @ reduction of imports, especially of luxuries, but not one has advocated an increase of exports—something more raised to sell, facilitating specie ee The New York Cham- ber of Commerce, January, 1860, in an official state- ment, “appreciate the value of a large cotton crop ia its fluence upon the foreign ex thus reversing the current of the precious metals and so securmg an early resumption of specie payments.” When the proposition was before Congress to raise the tax on cotton to three cents a pound many advo- cated the doctrine that the tax, as also duties on ex- orts, would be paid by the foreigner, not consider- pg such tax or duties would be a bonus to other colon arom meen of the world as Inst us. ‘The late Thad Stevens contended with earnest pertinacity vhat a tax of even ten cents a pound on cotton would be paid by the foreigner. That heresy is being pretty well exploded. Cotton has long been ot bri ea the exchanges resulting trom forel The exports of breadstuffs and provi- sions from 1821 to 1860 were. + +$1,006,951,235 Of raw cotton, same period.... + 2,674,844,001 From 1847 to ’60 our exports of the pro- ducts “of the sea,” of ‘the forest,’? of agriculture and manuiagtures were.. 1,352,079,868 Of raw cotton, Same CIMC.,....+.++++++¢ 1,489,859,501 Of breadstuits and provisions, same’ time. Sesecccececsncccosesesen GCARISL TOS Of same for year ending June 30, 1860.. 45,271,856 Of raw cotton for year ending June 30, 1860, 1,752,687,840 pounds at 11 cents.. 191,806,555 When General Sherman’s was lying at At- lanta the writer addressed President Lincoin a letter, in September, suggesting @ movement of the army so ag to hoid Savannah river, when, military protec- tion being given to all the country to the westward of that river, a cotton crop might be raised in 1865 of 3,000,000 bales, two-thirds of which exported would give us specie payments by the summer of 1860, As the proposition of that letter was kindred to the present plan of an increased export of cotton by which to restore sj payments it is here in- serted. The following is a copy of that letter:— WASHINGTON, Sept, 19, 1854, To ADRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States. ‘Stz—The following paper is submitted most respect/ PROPOSITION—MILITARY AND FINANOLAL, Gen Ry EE or er, fpclude all George Then all the country to the west of such bales at diy conta, 8 pound, a 0 i two- een i ettoct wills t» knock exchange to oF below ‘par, wing a tide of gold ‘owing from Kurope to the United Binicg, “atturther result -spocte paymenta ‘without the sirin- © paper circulation, always produc- Ing sach £1 coapennaed fl cance. ‘imittiag this price ‘suuid ‘all considerably below fifi sper pound the same general reaults will prevail, 0 arge & volume of exports in addition to our, present volume not but produce these great beneiic ancial results. “Number of cotton: ations which raised five bales and over in — ‘The letter was handed to Commissioner Newton, of the Agricuitural Department, to hand to President Lincoln, urging upon the attention of the Commis- sioner the agricultural importance of the plan, who took a deep interest in it and stated subsequently that President Lincola was much interested with the letter. Neither General Grant nor Sherman in his ofM- cial report at the close of the War makes mention of any plan, a3 contemplated by ettuer of them, of a march to the sea prior to the date of my letter to President Lincoln. ‘The derangement of the labor question and things generally in the South in the spring of 1865 ren- dered impracticable the planting of cotton to much extent that year. The country may double this year its crop of cotton of 1868, and thus 4,330,000 bales at current rates will be worth, in currency, $591,500,000, The late monthly report of the Agri- cultural Department states that in Georgia there have been several instances where 1,200 pounds of ginned cotton have been raised per acre. Names and localities are given. Fertilizers and carefal cul- ture, it is stated, were used. Atcarrent rates 1,200 pounds of cotton 1s $300 per acre for the cotton. 1 take the imports and exports of the United States for the year ending June 30, 1868, as a guide for making some calculations for the year ending June 39, 1870:— Gross imports, 1968, ns seeecers «e $309, 708,500 Exports, cotton.... + $162,782,810 145,143,670 Gold vaiue of same, ord- ing to rule of Mr, Delmar . 83,746,161 Domestic gold exported. 228,889,831 Leaving as the amount of all other e: orts to pay for imports......... Of the cotton crop of 1869, expo. | 8,500,000 bales, 1,575,000,000 poun: 20C., IM GOD. .+seseesssseesceesesereeees 916,000,000 Deduct, say amount of cotton and gold exported 1568, BVOVE.........ceeeeeee5 228,880,831 This sum will be the return current of $130,816,669 gold, over and above the cotton and gold exported in 1268. 86,110,160 Add product of mines 76,000,000 In Pay 100,000,000 rt January 1, 1899, 626,750) 0, 000 bid cirouluting'tn Californian’. so'ond’o00 This sum, besides all that may be hoarded ‘ by the masses to bank on, + + $841,110,169 At two, in paper, for one ts. 682,220,334 At turee, in paper, for one is. + 1,023,880 Can we produce the 2,000,000 bales of cotton more in 1869 than in 1868 and so give the 3,600,000 bales for export? What are the iuducements? A crop of 4,580,000 bales at thirty cents a pound in eurrency will give for the crop, as before stated, $691,300,000, ‘The jarge crop of 1559, 5,000,000 bales, occupied but one and a half per cent of the lands of the cotton zone in the United States. In these lands are vast resources for commanding gold—iar greater than the yield of the gold mines themselves. Very nearly $1,600,000,000 capital is invested in Europe connected with the cotton trade and cotton manu- facture for the health and clotuing of the world’s population, aud ready to take every pound of cotton we can spare. Before the war Engiand’s imports of cotton from the United States were etgity-five per cent of her total import. The labor essary to grow the 4,580,000 bales, 1,600,009 “hands,”’ 18 close at hand, for which liberal wages be afforded. Less land in corn and inore in cotton, turning more of the iaboring force on the latter, would be wise. From the late inouchly report of the Agricultural Department it appears that four of nine © States yicid each @ larger crop of corn, 1864, than the ave! of New York and Penn- ayivania—26,000,000 busicis; and that the nine cot ton States produce 252,828,000 bushels, being per State equal to the average of New York and Penn- syivania above, and the nine States an aggregate of more than one-third of all the other States, So mach corn can hardly be needed for bread and to feed stock. Corn at forty dollars @ year por acre is not so good as cotton, # bale, at $130 a year per acre. Never were circumstances so propitious to indace a large crop of oe to be grown as this year, and this being done specie payments follow quickly and mevitably. But a tiger 1s crouching. Our bonds held abroad way jollow in the wake of the gold cur- a some check should be imposed on too great ash at once. There is further urgent need that we should grow larger crops of cotton and thus diminish the volute of gold and sliver exports to Egypt. Mdia and China to pay for cotton from those countries. Not a dollar of the precious metals that es to these countries ever returns, Our Consul Senerat at Alexandria, in au oficial report in 1863 Or 1864, states tiat the export of the year's crop of Egypuan cotton for the year was wards of rt igypt's staple export had for mahy years been an Inferior quailty of wheat, worth [acme | five or Six millions of dollars. At the high Prices of cotton during our war she changed from wheat to cotton, oven importing, to some extent, ner food. Such # revolution is unparalicied tn the an- nals of agriculture, Of the Yast sums of the procious metals going to the Hast Mr. Samuel B. Ruggiea, a delegate irom the United States to the Paris Hxuibl- tion and also to the Paris Money Confereuce. in 1567, in bis report of the Money Confer nee, Makes these menis:— “The heavy drain of silver from France during the last fiiteen years amounted bo $76,000,000, prine cipaily to the Bast Indies, rortonately tor eand | the commercial Work!, the surplus gold or the taited States was at hand during ties iifteen years, realy to be received, steady HNing tae immed cau OXport of iver, 4 neaes of pro) ate exceeding ¢ jamtic from tine tu larger volume of % France, is seen flowing out of England and up the Mediterranean on its way to the sver-abaorbing A careful English statistician stated lately that tn seven from 1861-7, £103,000, 000 (: 900, 000) fo ‘and silver went tothe East. In every aspec' the inducements are pend the prospects moss year. In hee oe eet Srywhere deci and stil! it is more HOTEL DE HORSE. It Was asmart and observing youth who in his school days chose ‘The Horse” for the subject of his ‘frst composition and wrote:—‘The horse isa noble animal. He draws loaas, We could not git along without the horse.’? into which sociologists usually divide the human family. But, then, there is no slight enalogy be- tween the life of a horse and the life of a man, and for that reason if for no other, the classification herein made ought to meet with general approval. It 1s not the present purpose to consider the intel- lectual or emotional nature of this useful equine ser- ‘vant. Whether he has his hates, his loves, his vani- ties and hisambitions matters but little, although Rarey, and later Professor Hamilton, have shown that he has the two first named passions, and in such quantity that they are capable of a‘considerable de- gree of development. There is one thing certain, however, and that is that some horses are aristo- cratic in every horse sense of the term. Dexter is one of them—the most famous, perhaps, of the whole class, Lantern is another. In fact, the class is too numerous to name all of its distinguished members. Of course it does not fall to the lot of every aristo- cratic horse to win celebrity either ‘‘on the road” or “on the course.” Fast legs are not the property of all of them and every one of them 1s not favored with handsome shape. But they are all aristocratic, nevertheless, and evidently believe in “blood.” In many cases the aristocratic horse is owned by a gen- tleman of aristocratic tendencies, and this congenial relation between the owner and the owned undoubt- edly exerts an aristocratic influence over both. HOW THE ARISTOCRATIC HORSE LIVES is a subject full of deep interest to the animal him- self, if to no other creature on the face of the earth. As men differ in their modes of living so do horses, It 18 not to be presumed for a moment that the horse who belongs to the aristocratic class can be made contented With such living as that which is experi- enced bey members of the middle class, and surely not by that other grade of horselife which is stili one degree lower in the scale. The fact is that the aristo- cratic horse 1s only satisfied when he fares sumptu- ously and enjoys all the luxuries that greenbacks can pure! Like his owner, his tastes are Tefined and he refuses to derive full satisfaction either from oats or water unless he is favored with a handsomely furnished a} ment, filled and sur- rounded by a sufficiency of hght and ventilated on most scientific principles, Of course the aristocratic horse who belongs to the millionnaire has nothing to find fault with, so far as his food and residence are concerned. His affluent master is seldom stingy in the use of stamps which go to pur- chase comforts for his faithful, valuable and aristocratic animal. His own comfort ia scarcely thought of more than 1s that of his horse, for which he paid, perhaps, the pleasant little sum of $5,000, Some may remark that the weaithy owner who constantly shows so much regard for his horse does 80 more out of consideration for the amount of ducats which the animal represents than for the horse himself. But we are disposed to treat such an insinuation lightly, even if we do not pronounce it a wilful slander. The millionnaire’s aristocratic animal lives as it ought to, and these are, in most cases, gotten up with most cases, up with ever; regard to the Maprovenventse of cng nincteonth century, 80 far at least as they relate to stabiing and other horse matters, There are horse residences in this which will astonish seeker who may this metropolis. @ Bonner’s horse y else’s of the same sort. In fact, 1t would not be jag far from the truth if we were to designate some of these places horse pariors or horse drawing rooms. At these luxurious abodes of the aristo- cratic horse every desire of the anima! is - fied. Does he want @ new blanket of most costly want a change of harness as men change of linen? He gets it. Does he wauta new hay rack? He gets it. Does he want a new curry comp? He gets that, too. The fact is that the aristocratie horse commands, through his owner, a vast amount of money aud makes every use of it calculated to improve his happiness on earth and smooth his trotting course tw that laud where ail good horses go. ‘There are many animals of the class now under consideration, however, who are not favored with owners worth their millions or even their hundreds of thousands. Some of their owners live at hotels and keep no private stables. They therefore permit their aristocratic “bloods” to take up their resi- dences in THE HOTELS DE HORSE, which are to be found in various sections of the city. It shouid not be supposed that these places gre fitted up with Brussels carpets mirrors and other spien- dors which make up the tout ensemble of a man or. Horse parlors and man pariors are ver: ifferent things. At the same time the aristocratic horse knows what a parlor ought to be, and secs to it that it ia constracted and furnished in @ man- ner in perfect keeping with the social aspirations and culture which are lus, and his only. with first class men is to him source ‘whence he draws many valuable pleasures, as well as his fail support, and tuese to the horse which is conscientious a3 well as ic are always re- ceived with gratitude. To him, the the next best to y- F 4 horse mansion ts to live 1n a hotel de horse , wliere meais are served in the rooms = we ought to say), and where every attention to the accommodation and comfort of guests, us describe one of these MODEL HOKSB BOARDING Hovsns. In West Thirty-first street, between’ Sixth and Seventh avenues, is located what is pronounced by itlemen said to be competent ju one of the it model stables in the city. Tne building ts three stories in height and extends through the block to Thirtieth street. Accowmodations are ample enon; to lodge and board a hundred horses. The ry are constructed in the latest approved style, and every modern improvement is to be found in the various departments of the hotel, Racks for blankets and other “fixins’,” rollers to prevent the animals from cribbing, and every other requisite go to com- plete the furniture of each stall, whether it be an Open or @ box stall. Tt ts fa the BOX STALL that the aristocratic horse is to be found. This is a horse parlor indeed. Imagine a large apartment— say fifteen by twenty feet—in which, in all the glow and pride of his aristocratic blood, stands the haughty horse. Before him are the ‘“dishes” which constitute his “table” furnitare. These are an elabo- rately wrought (that is, for a horse) bowl, from which he drinks his Croton punch; a rack in which is served the items of his bill of fare; a soft, newly- made bed of downy (it is downy to him) straw; a fail supply of blaukets manuiactured out of the fluest se clothing material, ther with soine other ar- tities of furniture not necessary to mention. This par- lor, which ts & sleeping apartment as well, is lighted and ventilated in the most thorough manner. in it the aristocratic horse resides, shat in from the outside world of middie class animals, with whom he never igna to associate and relative to whom jie scarcely ever—Iif, indeed, ever at all—gives a singic ser'ous thought, At the hetel we are describing is AN IMMENSE ELEVATOR, which runs from the first to the third ani gi Every horse that steps uj at oace “gets high,” in other words, he * es up,’ becomes “eievated,” and Jands ye Bs ira. Usaaliy he goes up witha carriage edd to him, or comes down in the same arn condition. This elevator is considered a “big inthg’’ as a hovel de horse convenience, and ts sald to save not only a great deal of labor but aiso much room and no little expense. ANOTHER EXTENSIVE MOEASLAMMENT WHRRE s1ORSES AnD ia in West Thirty-aixth strect, near Sixth averme, ‘This ts also a three story bullding, which is con. structed in the most substantial manger. This hotel has 100 stalle, eight of which are boxes, or parlors, wherein the most aristocratic of the equine buarders eat and lodge. As in the case of the place above de- scribed, this boarding house is well lighted, weil ven- tilated ‘and well drained, 80 that the comfort of the foolag | iy Be! fully secured. There vator ever—a fact which probably makes ba) aa leas aristocratic than Uud®hirty-first street rel, Some handsome stables are in process of com: J omer in Weat Fifteenth street, between Sixth and venth avenues. are to be opened about the frst of April ander appropriate name of the “foulevard boarding Stables,” and witi over induce- menia in the shape of all te modern improvements to gontiemen whomay desire to secure excelient hotel accommodauons for their horses during the summer, HOTEL CHARGES, ‘There is one advantage, Which the horse enjoys over man. His living des hot cost him near at 4 man’s Gosts-—that is, the living of a man supports an aristocratic style, At most of the 4 de horse the boarding ces are aniforn and from thirty-five: to fo dollars per month, oarders are the oveupauts of the y-tive dollar animais make the 10, OF What is commonly called sbese aguas include feed, aiten- Pg for instance, or Fellows’, Belmont’s, or any- gol i ct eff tf li il y i ff iF Wi : : Bag a g é i é Hi f i ea5e al ret ze 3 & i : if : i gg ff i i 5 ; i if 4 E if He Hi if ef ef E z aS re i 4 § = 2 $ i & is Fy 2 See iti s 4 ag 2 i 3 z ‘THE IMBROGLIO IN THE INDIANA LEGISLATURE. Meeting of the Democratic Bolters—Procia’ mation of the Governor for an Election ta Fill Vacancies. ‘The secession of the democratic members of the Indiana Legislatare last Thursday, leaving that body without a quorum for the transaction of business, has decidedly complicated legislative matters in that State. The Indianapolis correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette (March 5) gives the further pro- ceedings of the bolters, of course from the radical standpoint, The Governor of Indiana has already issued his proclamation ordering writs of election to be issued for the purpose of filling vacancies:— The democracy, with a view to giving a strong Set to the movement inaugurated by the resig- ion ‘Of enough members of the Legislature 10 break @ quorum, called a mass meeting of those persons opposed to the ratification of the suffrage amendment, to be held at the old theatre.to-night. It was announced in the party papers, and large posters were scattered over the city, aunouncing that the meeting would be addressed by republicang and democrats, without respect to late party assoct- ations, Tae people were frantically cailed upon to rally, withont regard to party. A band of musia was hauled about the streets this afternoon and again to-night, ‘The meeting was composed of not more than 100 persons—old democratic hacks and martyred Sena- tors, and perhaps @fty republicans, who took back seats to look on. It was run exclusively by the Yankest copperheads, A number of desoatches were read from the dark- est democratic half of the State, representing every- body hilarious over the course of the Senatorial mar- Ts. The Governor has issued the following proclama- lou:— To THE PEOPLE oF INDIANA:— ‘The present session of the General Assembly has been ren- dered almost fruitless of good resulis by the resignation of seventeen Senators and thirty-seven Representatives, thereby leaving each House without a quorum. No appropriations have been made for the ordinary expenses of the benevolent and other institutions of the State. He special seasion of the Assernbly atan carly day isa necessity. Thave, therefore, this day issued writs of election’ to the Sherlifs of the several counties in which vacancies have oo- curred by reason of sald resignation, directing elections to be held on the 28d day of March, 1959, For the purpose of making known tho order of sald elections, nnd of indicating my jntention to convene the General Assembly in a speck: session at as early a day inthe month of April aa may seem to be practicable, Phave thought it expedient to issue this sation In witness whereof T have hereto set my name and caused Sent = coe: be adized in the oity of Indianapolis, a 7 ‘CONRAD BAKER, Governor. Both Houses of the Legislature met and adjourned again to-day, according to the requirements of the constitution, in order to save the acts passed just before the bolt. The appro; tion of “$75,000 to the expenses of the Legislature has been exhaus' leaving a number of the ubitcan members out in the cold, some of them ha’ drawn aotbir @ from the first. “FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC NOTES. The library of Timour has been discovered in the yndia House in London, in which are some extra- ordinary works relating to the biography of Mo- hammed. The Journal des Commaissances Medicales of Paris publishes an interesting paper by the late Professor Scheenbein, of, Basel, on “ Hydrocyanic Acid,” com- monly called prusic acid. The presence of this acid bein’s = method will detect the milhonth part of a drop, even when mixed with water or volatilized in the atmosphete. For this urpose a test dipping it paper is prepared by into @ solution of three grms. of guaiabum rosin in 100 grms. of rectified alcohol; after iumersion the paper has lost none of its whiteness. Another solution is made separately of ten ceutigrams of sul- hate of copper in fifty grms. of distilled water. hen the operator wishes to make an experiment he cuts the paper into slips and moistens one of them with the solution of sulphate; he then brings it into contact with the water or air tainted with the drop fap gh Ua eas take a drop < Se mixture a empty glass jar of the capactt; of twenty litres; then hese a skp of the test paper described in this v« and close it up. In the course of @ minute or two the paper will have become bine. Now as twenty litres Lass Srsireiens to 20,000 cubic centimetres, and as ‘are twenty drops toeach, it follows that one drop is to twenty litres as unit ts'to 400,000, But the in question only contained a hundredth part of acid, so that the test paper has revealed the existence of one Lead ge ay part of the substance. And Lap eed shown that a similar result would be if the air were ed with oniy one 120 millionth part. In water the action of tie test ia not quite so rapid. By means of this test t paper medicinal or sy! contain- ing email quantities of ocyanic acid may be subjected to qualitative jy.is. It is enough to lay @ bit of this paper on the mouth of an open vessel containing laure! water, or even simply orgeat—in the composi nich there always is a bitter almond or two-—the biue color will invartably char- acterize the contents. Baron von ieichenbach, the celebrated ex; mentalist on auimal magnetism, died recently at at the of eighty-one. ¢ Minister of Public instruction, in France, has iressed @ letter to the Academy of sciences in- soe to lend him its co-o) the account of a similar phe- The government is prepared to do everything in power to enable the savants who jeetee to go to Van Dieman’s Land to accomplish he voyage with the greatest comfort to themselves and advantage to science, and the Einperor, further- more, desires that the expedition should not confine itself to mere astronomical inquiries, but siudy ever e_ of scientitic interest m these regions. M. ruy, accordingly, submits queries:—Ist. As to the number of gentlemen it would be required to make the observations; 2d. iho stations to which they should be sent; 3d. The nature ot tie instru- ments to be employed; 4th. The practicability of utilizing the journey to those remote latitucles to de- termine the position of the stars in the southern hemisphere; and, finally, the propriety of inviting foretgners to confer with the French edvoys as to ® uniform mode of research. Tn the Journci des Connatssances Médicales Dr. Caffe shows that there are at present tm Paris 1,667 physicians, 246 oMiciers-de-santé and o47 avotheca- ries. To these iaust be added midwives, unauthe- rized foreign physicians and quacks of every de- scription, it has been ascertained that, while the law that instituted officters-de-santé nud allowed thecaries to exercise medicine did so with a view of affording cheap relief to poor distr.cts, Les | Classes, on the contrary, seek out (pr their scene action the very richest arrondissentents of the capi- tal ‘The wa) journal compares the Jardin des Plantes of Paris with the Botanical Garden at Kew, and finds the former decidediy Interior. — But the Kew garden coats 500,000f. a year, while the coat of that of Paris does not ex- ceed 98,400f., both for payment of salaries and stock, Since i835 the suim allotted to the botanical grt has not been increased. In the Journal WAqri- ure Pratique, M. Gay announces that vy manur- ing @ fleld with mould resulting from tue putrefac- tion of box-leaves, he has succeeded tn ridsing the ground of the so-called waite wort, the invvw of the ¢ockchafer. In iis work La Sctence en Bation, M. de Fonvielle states tnat, during his Inst ascent on board the balloon Neptune, wien started trom Luc Conger+ vatoire des Arts-ct-Méticrs, he derived the createst advantage from the shadow ot the balioun, wihren alded in determining, by means of thy jmarmers cons the angle of his route with the moridian. ry jow be observed at noon in 4 place the latitude of whica Is known, the sun’s dectination may be obiained with extraordinary precision. FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC NOTES. An interesting archwlogical @iscovery nas just been made near Durfort, Frand® A niiter, searoh- ing for a lode of cad in the side of a mountain came upon a grotto, the month of which had been blocked up by stones, At contained @ quantity of tried buinen remains imbedded a Toner ations from the rock. A fiat kaifo and a huchet were also found, on oue skull was remarked to have been wy pierced with an arm of tire sane ma- terial, @ ion of which had broxen off and was ouill re in the bone