The New York Herald Newspaper, March 8, 1869, Page 4

4 EUROPE. Railroad Enterprise in tho Otto- man Empire. RUSSIAN PROGRESSION. THE STATE OF AFFAIRS IN AUSTRIA, | etguteen A Gloomy Picture of the Future of Spain. ‘The budget of European correspondence which we present to the readers of the HERALD this morn- ing, from our special agents abroad, is of more than ordinary importance. RUSSIA. More About the Railroad Projecte—Their Com- mercial Importance—Short Cat to India—A Few Words About Alaska—The Advantages of the Proposed Siberian Rallroad—The Patti Furor. Sr. PETERSBURG, Feb. 12, 1869. I have spoken till now only of the railway lines already approved and authorized by government, and their vital importance is certainly not to be denied. Yet their sphere of action, being chiefly confined to home interests and at most somewhat modifying our com- mercial intercourse with the nearest of our neighbor- ing States, may be called narrow if compared with the immense results that will accrue to the world at large from the lines which will probably very shortly be deliberated upon and be constructed at no very distant period; I mean the Siberian line and the line between the Aral and the Caspian seas. The latter is more than a mere supposition even now. A few days ago the papers made the announcement that a pri- vate company has just been authorized to institute the necessary investigation of the whole tract of land between the two seas with a view to the construc- tion of a railroad. This line will bring us into im- mediate contact with many parts of Central Asia and very nearly with Indta. Though the latter circumstance may on one hand give umbrage to England, whose dislike of what Burope calls our “encroachments” in Asia is well known, as well ag her constant dread of our inter- fermg with her Indian provinces; yet on the other she will probably get reconciled to the Jine, because once joined with our other inland and Volga lines it will afford her a short cut to India, which should be most welcome to her from a commerctal point of view. The transit through Russta, when open, will spare the Anglo-Indian trade a vast circuit, with the attending costs and loss of time. We shall then have the satisfaction of seeing the commerce of one of our test rivais pardy dependent on us; though not for existence, still for some very essential facili- ities; and Engiand’s commerce is so closely con- nected with her politics that this consideration will surely influence her favorably for us, The other it line, of which the necessity 1s daily more felt, one uniting Moscow with Nicolaievsk on the Amour. The question is much discussed in political = sommes —— — == je Lage very al good earnes' jay, then, rl not distant when we may steam along ftom St. Petersburg to San Francisco and New York with gy one short interruption, There is not a soul but rejoices at the progress of such direct com- maunication with the only country on the face of the See Betd ss og our fast — frien Nothing cou pair our good towards America but a collision of fulocvas tea which nothing is more unlikely, and @ greater facility of intercourse can but increase it. On one subject alone @ certain soreness ts coupled with the name of America, and that ts the sale of the Alaska territory. But even on this one point we all feel that it would be unjust to Koop 8 grudge against your government, as it is not to be expected tuat ce A a private man or @ nation—should refuse an lient bargain when almost oifered. The general feeling is that it 4s better for us our former American possessions are in your hands than in anybody else's, but that, if we were vo jose them, it would have been better still they should have been a free love gift to our trans- atiantic friends than to have bartered them away for Such @ mere nominal price as that we got. The results of the projected Siberian line, which must end in a juncture of tue far West and the far East, with regard to China, to Japan and other adja- cent Asiatic countries can of coarse be only dimly conjectured; but one thing is sure, it must serve ag an opening to these populations, which are visibl: anting for more elbowroom and a wider intel- ectual sphere, crammed as they are within their hitherto impenetrabdie barriers. The first bold is taken. China has openly expressed the wish to become one of the great family of nations aud States; and, indeed, why should the rank and privi- loges of “great Power” be denied to all buta few members of the narrow Buropean circle, with its an- liquated restrictions and prejudiced views of ? Why shouid not a Chinese and Japanese ambi or occupy @ seat at some international conference or in the diplomatic corps of every great capitalt The ume of exclusivenesa, of separatism, 18 gone by, they Say. It is time that these five nations should become something more than pompous, high sound- ing words. Anyhow, Mr. Buri me his Chinese suite are very impatiently expected here. We now have a Kokhan Embassy parading about our principal streets io their queer Asiatic dress and at- tracing general notice as they stand before tue win- dows of our richest shops staring at the fine things withia, among Which bronze articles—wiuch they take for gold—mosé arouses their admi- ration. However behindhand we may be in some tiings at home, we certainly carry civilizauon into Asia, and (oe results are not long ia showing t selves in a daily more decided leaning of most A: populauons towards Russian pro- tection and This is, he third letter in which I intended he laghest importance—the ourca. Butit is a subject ost a whole letter, and is ith as yet to-day. Ido not use I hope to know some- é conflict which ls now aud black clergy, the je priests. It is a question ached Lghuy, and therelure nad | gone Adelina Patil reigns | nh she e@ 8 is akin to | fe é are not to be had for love or moaecy. 1 600 roubies for tue use of her and refused. I quite | agree with th 1 ime the story that is | such an offer us to make urs say, Adelina | Uist, in the noblest sense of 0, though applauded, ca outrageous fauati- searcely believe that poor oid Marto is in for @ cl triw too, and that of the most ie Anstocratic gossip i6 greatly excited by a iittie piquant episode tu wiuch the appearance of the uld juvorive has given rise. A lady, one of the fashiona- | bie world, coolly declared w her husband—by the | bye, he was @ modei fiusband, and very mach ta love with bis handsome wife—that she lad loved him three years, but tuat now she loved the divine Mario and Was going to join him, taking her eidest little ‘iri with her and ieaving him the baby. The husband, king it @ good joke, wld her be would help her to pack up her thu ad when she reaily did bolt in broad day, sen tis servants about with her trunks and dr ihe station in his carriage, he Was #0 agliast ver thought of stopping, bard'y®enowing ws ne was awake or asleep. His friends say ho tells the tale with more wonder than sorrow. | A sequel I have not been able to ascertain apy: bust it is at least doubt fal how far the ie, ¢ citice, though compli. meniary, May have been acceptable to her idol. GERMANY. Was just as foolish to it. Aud, with all Patti is far less a yr the word, than Lu 1s far from aro’ cisia, §=You wii The Roumanion ImbrogiioNew Weapons The Biemarck Assassination Canard>Fine Chance for DetectivesHumboldt’s Cens teunary—Personalin, BERLIN, Feb. 18, 1869. It is generally believed here that Colonel Von Krensky, who was charged with the reorganization of the Roumanian army after Prussia’s pattern, will pot return to Bucharest, where, as reported yon, he had difficulties with the French military officers, While the Prussian army has not unfrequentiy fur. nished and foreign States the means of reor- armies by detaching officers and men as preceptors, it has generally been unsuccessful in the East, especiaily in Turkey, and the oicers sent had usually to give way to the rivai spirit and intrigue brought to bear against "them. The Turkish artillery is said to form the only exception, and, in- deed, a number of Prussian artillery officers are now tm the Ottoman service. If the Roumanian force has ‘any pretensions to modern organization they are cer- tainly due to the Prassian officers, two or three of whom are still theré, but will soon be recalled. ‘The peaceful intentions which govern ali Kuropean | Seri—1n Bosnia—and lastly Brood, above ; i i of 2 there, This precaution so Al government that it followed ice and itkewise sent anagent. Itthen hap- the two agents pecame acquainted with pag soon were iene me ieelinie, a pleasure trip to sunny Italy, not at their own. nse. Sei their they accomplished the matter in the ang eames Prussian agent wrote to the re that he had wind of a rous Ger- Seems Gaerne! ve for ; a the hilt of E age jurveillance. A letter of precisely the same contents was sent by the Austrian agent to Vienna, of course, the Prussian as the jus in- in question. Both were prompt: Co pee with funds by their governments, and enjoyed a de- lightful trip to Italy, whence they duly reported a variety of iearful stories. Finally both wrote home that owing to their watchfulness the conspirators wae ppl. mo, bane an rut the wiicial Gosete applicatio, pro} ught the Oficia and thinks so inh as 4 is quite enamored with its bull and anon strives to resurrect it, though it is more than a week since he has given up the ghost, It is intended to celebrate here the centennial birth- day of Alexander Von Humboldt, September 14, of the present year, in grand style, and to do honor to his memory with particular emphasis as a demon- ai against present reactionary tendencies in high circles and the m: kKnaves prospering under the cloak of religion, great luminary in the scientific world resided here for many y‘ and was made an honorary citizen, so that the jubilee—has not Humboldt everywhere a niche in the temple of fame—will be headed by the city au- thorities and joined by the Univ , Scientific and other societ and unions, and ties, trades all lberals, high or low. It is wi in diplomatic circles that the Countess of aers (@ princess of Hohenzollern- (descent) is enceinte—a circumstance doubiy interesting on account of its political signifi- cance, as her husband, in consequence of the late oom of the Belgian Crown Prince, is now heir of e tarone, The latest accounts from St. Petersburg furnish surmises respecting the feeble health of the Cesare- witcn, that he suifers from the same com- plaint which carried off his elder brother some years ago while at Nice. AUSTRIA. Speculative Entorprise—Aus:rian Capitalists and Turkish Railways—Projected Liaes in VIENNA, Feb. 16, 1869, The spirit of co-operative or joint stock enterprise, which the currency troubles of Great Britain and the political anxieties of France have struck dead for a time in those countries, was never miore active than now in Vienna and Pcgth, where we have neither @ bullion currency nor an ever impending revolution to disturb men’s minds and shake their resolves, It is, probably, this consideration which has determined Daoud Pasha, the Turkish Minister for Public Works, to turn his steps to Vienna, rather than to London or Paris, with a view to induce a company of capitalists to supply European Turkey with a few main lines of railroads. The negotiator will not return empty handed. He has enjoyed from the first the friendly countenance of Count von Beust and the imperial ministry, and this fact, coupled with the notorious one that the French and British govern- ments are a3 anxious as that of the Austro-Hunga- rian empire is to see European Turkey provided with a network of railroads, which will be as usefal to her for the purposes of defence as those of Russia will be for the purpose of aggression, serves partly toexplam Daoud Pasha’s respectable though not complete success. Hils success must be so qualified because he has been obliged to throw overboard for the present his branch lines, The project with which he came to Vienna was to secure the Construc tion of @ main line from Constantinople io Brood, @ point just within the military fro: r of Austria, On this point—and [t is the main poli he has been suceessiul, The line is to run in a northwesterly direction from Constantinople, touching Adrianopie, Pauuppopok, iatar-Bajar, Iskab, Novi Bazar, Bosna- ntioned, The line will be 1,874 Kilometres in leagth. The branch lines, which have fallen through for the pre- sent, but which it may still be of interest to mention, Wwere—Pirst, from Adrianople to Varna, on the | Black Sea; "second, from Adrianople to Enos on the 4gean, and, tuird, from Iskab to suloniki. ‘rhe capital required for the construction of the Arerula line is set down at 412,500,000f, A group of Viennese, Parisian and Londom money houses have accepted the concession. ‘The Viennese moneyed houses subscrive sixty-two per cent of the capital, those of Paris tuirty-three per cent, and those of London are represented by the modest figure of five per cent. ‘The construction of the line is to be conmme at sever nts 8 S00D as the shares have been The concession is lor ninety ye: aud the Turkish government guar- antees @ yearly profit of zi, end codes all the mines franes per Kilometre and forests lying within ten de of the line to the conces- m “on of the payinent of ten per cent of the net annual profi of tie mines and twenty per cont of the woods. From ‘turkish raiiwaya to West Austrian mar- Tinge Jaws is an abrupt turn, yeti shall make it, One of te liberal members of tue Louse of Deputies has brought in @ bili w remodel the law of marriage, It propores to make a civil marriage obligatory, ieaving the parties {ree to contract @ religious one aiso. it also pro- poses to legalize divorces im cases of aduiwery ana extreme cases of othergenres. The West ‘Auenan government, however, do not like the bill, and as they cannot defend the existing law of inarria, they propose as an alternative a ussive civil mat = such a8 @Xists in most the States of the Union and in the British Wastes, The government speakers contend that a perwissive civil marriage 1s @ more liberai idea than & compuisory one. On tic p of divorce, however, the proposed bill is too ieral for them.’ ‘The Minister of Justice, speaking from the Roman Catholic standpoint, deciared that the institution of divorce ran directly counter to the consciences of the Austrian peopie. The bill was further opposed from the Jewish and Protestant sides on the opposite ground that It was not liberal enough, The Jews, a3 1s weil known, have a very Iii divorce law, peculiar to themselves, and the Protestanis Of Austria aiso have already more extended privileges in the way of divorce than the Deputy’s bill—which proposes to deal alike with the Roman Catholics, Protestants and Jews in this respect—will allow two latter, Hence a denominational opposition has arisen against this vill, and what between the conserv: BS rey no of the majortty, and the iiberal opposition of the devouinational minorities, the biil’s chances of success seem exceeding small. Ne eless it will probably not be without frott, from its ashes will arise other bills which will render the West Austrian Marriage law more in accordance than it now is with the principles which in this century have found general in the ad- Me ICT ge est. tz, 80,000 inhabitan: traveller, J. C. Kohl, “the capital of the ” has Juat, by the vote of {ts town council, agreed to adopt street railroads. The concessionnaires are ® com| States, as Count Bismarck says, do not prevent the constant manufacture of war Implements and almost ally mproventents in ordnance and breecl-/oxsing muskets. Thoro is, for instance, tuo much praised of Vienna capitalist. The concession rons for sixty years, and tue company contracts to pay one vent of the gruss proits to tie town for the use of the corporme cent interest on the bank capital, as guaranteed by the government on the second renewal of the bank charter in 1863. This sum, as I stated in a previous letter, was set down by the directors at 660,409 florins, but an amend- ment was made by one of the shareholders to reduce the sum to 340,543 florins, by another made of making up the balance sheet, which would in- crease the profits made during the year by 328,865 florins. This amendment was ultimately carried against the directors, the result being that the shareholders get an increase of dividend and the government a decrease in the demand made upon them by the bank. However, as between the bank and the government the question is one of principle more thay one of amount. ‘The point raised by the amendment is @ nice one and may mterest your bank shareuiolding public. A Pages (Pyand-araef}, and this sum wee reckoned. 1 au! ce sheot at the purchase price, which was These mol are stook exchange securities, and their quot on the sist December, 1868, the balance sheet day, stood at 93.45 per cent, show! the next day they could a profit on the 10,246,200 nominal amount held by it, Was the difference between the [ei e price and the Piatt yea quotation to be re od as & ag divisible among the sharehoiders? _‘‘No,” said he direc “for the ble profit ‘never was realized.” ‘Yes,’ said the sharehi ‘olders, party, “for it 13 not less @ profit because unrealized.” How the matter would have been decided by a court of ex- ore: ‘uninterested in the question may be doubtful; ut the shareholders ut were not disinterested, for they wanteda dividend. The government ‘loner, who was present, pare his pinion. a8 a jurist, in favor of the amendment, but he also ‘Was ‘an interested party. Thus it came about that the directors were overborne. On one point, how- ever, the directors and shareholders were thoroughly united, and that was to press the suit against the government. So we have an interesting trial in bmg vee) which prone to be the cause odlébre @ year as the Ebergenyi murder triai was that of it Year. Thie University of Vienna at the commencement of its present term numbered 3,430 students, a figure which had never been previously obtained. ‘The emigration of Czechian familes from Bohemia to the Caucasus, where the Russian government offers them settlements, continues, ‘the movement has etfected even the Czechs in the United States. ‘The national journals are parading the fact that al- ready twenty-seven families have left the United States and sought for homes in the Caucasus. An emigration from tho United States to the Caucasus f ae he certes & novelty in the history of modern civ- jation. SPAIN. Lively Prospects in the Cortes—Chances of the Prince of Braganza as King of Spain— The Mexican Expedition. Manrip, Feb. 18, 1869, The Cortes has not yet completed its permanent organization. It is still passing upon cases of con- tested elections, and the debates are growing rather warm. The republicans are beginning to hold up and criticise severely the acts of the provisional gov- ernment, and it is clear that we are to have an abundance of lively and spirited debates. The gov- ernment is consolidating the various “liberal” forces (as they call every phase of political opinion that is in any way reactionary), and we shall soon have the monarchical question up for decision, The republi- cans present a solid phalanx of sixty or seventy members, which is not to be despised even by the vain provisional government, as it will discover. There is an unusual amount just now of intrigue, wirepulling, undergroand operations of all Kinds and venality in political circles. Like a gam- bier who has lost heavily but striving to recover his losses, Montpensier is spending his money with a lavish hand. It is asserted that his friends are now engaged in buying up the members of the Cortes, and that they feel confident of success. There can be but little question that Montpensier is making decided headway in his candidature. The press is becoming more unanimous for him, but their power is rege Nias Btage 8 and will affect the result but a trifle, ¢ Prim-Sagosta combination 1s now said to be Dom Louis, present King of Portugal, as King of Spain, and Dom Fernando as regent of the youthful prince of the House of Braganza, now about four years old. This would bring Italy and Spain closer together, because the Queen of Portugal is the daugh- ter of Victor Emanuel of Italy. Iu many respects it hag elements of strength; but it is doubtful whether it can be brought about just now, as Prim finds he has not the strengtn in the Cortes thaé he anticipated, as proved by the tremendous and ignominious defeat of his co-worker, Don Sefior Sebastiano 0! for President of the Cortes. The. ee will be u in a few days, it 1s thought, and then both sides w: develop their strength, so that we can pretty surely ascertain it. The republicans swear that they will have no king and they will vote in any way to postpone the decl- sion of the question as long as possibie. They argue that every day’s delay is a step nearer to the repub- lie, and ied old that they had better wait for years and leave the government in the hands of @ provi- sional junta, as it is now, rather than to have @ King saddled upon them. A revolution before & mouarchy, is their cry, sud as they are determined and influential men yoa may be assured that they will carry out their threats. The formation of a repubile, in its turn, would cause a civil war, because the Carlists and all the supporters of pretenders to the throne by divine right would at once cd to real- ize their wishes by an appeal to arms. Viewed in any light, the iuture of Spain promises to be dark, gloomy and bloody. The revolution has but just be- gun, and we must have bloodshed before it has ter- minated, say the cool lookers on. I am of thelr opinion, and I believe noting can save the countr, from the horrors and calamities of a clvil war, whtel must come sooner or later. Where it will first orl- ginate aud on what ground it would be dificult to say, With the thousand and ove causes which one may Oud, either of which is suficient to start the bioody work, Any day may witness the outbreak, but it may be many days betore the end ig seen. Civil wars are lengthy and exhaustive tn Spain, and with modern improvement, we do not know how long the affair may be prolonged. A couple of gen- erations mint see the contest over. The people are being fed just now on excltin, Ports of Oarlist movements. Of how much truth there is in them [ confess myself enurely ignoraat. For three months we have had these reports of mysteri- ous designs on the part of Carlist Jeaders and the friends of the ex-Queen. *Alerta, Alerta,” is heard every day, and editors of some of the extremely liberal papers dally work themse:ves in a fever of tadignation and patriotism over reports from the frontier, As yet we have had no serous manifesta acuonary forces. eis agreat deai of stuf and nonsense halal ng paragraphs ot the Madrid press tation, There is undoubtedly @ great deal of hostile feeling im the country against the present order of things, aad, as | have sald above, it may break out at any moment. Meauwhile the cry of wolf may be raised once too often. The rav+ epous animal may make a foray on the gentle lanibs of the revolution aud use them up belore assistance is extended. For that reason it Is foolish to keep the people In & constant state of anxiety and aiarm When there 18 no just reason for it, Geueral Toboado has gone to Paris, having com- pieved his work to Spain. 1618 dificult to ger at the facis of his operations here, but it is believed that they re not successful ta consequence of the change in the attitude of the goveramont after it had been informed that the United States could not look wpon another Mexican expedition, from wher- ever proceeding, with any degree of satisfaction. Messrs. Serrano and Prim, having found thatyhey were trewling on daugerous ground in giving’aym- pathy and assistance to this conspirator against tue peace of the country with which its relations are friendly, began to throw cold water on the scheme, but took ho effective steps to sop the enterprise, What Toboado las done since that time has been ac- complished without the very active support of the members of the provisional goverument, who manifested at first @ great imtorest in tho Matter. Some Spanish omcers haye been seduced into entering @ revolutionary scheme in Mextoo, but I believe the majority at one time eng! retired and will Hot accompany Santa Ani & Co. to Mexico. ‘The proinpt disclosure of tie scheme by ygur correspondent and others materially aided in puting ® stop to it, Tad it been allowed to pre ubeX posed Toboxda would no doupt have been abie to enlist hundreds of good officers in his cause, and thereby seriously imperil the present [tte acne | of the repubit: of Mexico, if men could lave been found to follow them. As the en rine has not been given up it will be well to watch its bah rr for ay 4 > 4 to come, intelligence from Portugal announces t situation remains very critical, The Kin + an yet sure of his throne. He 1s transfer og strategic and important points with Ww \quring bis position. It is possibile that is abdication of forced retreat from his day, The a om for an Iberian unton Spain and Portugal does not seem to have met with an agreeable reception in the latter country. ‘The Por- juese manifest no desire to become again united with thé Spaniards, but, on the contrary, the infu ential papers say that the umion ono be’ periected Te- & 3 ES g ‘oboado ween truthful, and that fact being known their assertions must be less irritating than if they never deviated from sincerity, but the Austrian Minister is openly accused of trying to get up a coalition against Prassia and of arraying the foreign Powers against Germany. The relations meanwhile between Prussia and France are on a better footing than they have been for some time, chiefly in consequence of their coinciding views on the Eastern question. The papers from Athens received in Paris convey @ very adequate notion of the warmth of human blood in that climate, They are most violent, and the national press in that part of the world would be at least styled improvident (the state of the Athenian coffers and army being taken into consideration) if we did not feel convinced that, public organs in Greece represent but the opinion of a turbulent ana anarchical minority. Parisians, who know 80 little about nationalities beyond the boundaries of the Bois de Boulogne and Montmartre, are Hellenic at the Bal de l’Opéra every Saturday, the Grecian costume and the story of the for what he had stolen, while roulette pines, expounding the history of Greece, contest the hero- ism of the monks of lion who were blown up in thetr convent—it was a break up, they, like that of the Bank of Homburg—and the, re it be- cause they could not do otherwise. When the com- Mander on the Enosis sent a ball into Hobart Pacha’s frigate was he aware that this familiarity would give rise to so much misconstruction in this advanced and enlightened capital? Avery awkward affair has been that of the resigna- tion of Baron Séguier, who was Procureur Imperial of Toulouse. His deolaration that he did not resign voluntarily, but was forced so to do by the injustice of the reproaches heaped on him for not being suf- ficiently severe with the local press, is one of those avowais which the opppsiaan papers glory over and make much of, most justly; but however justly it must not be forgotten that the S¢guiers were embit- tered, ana if the mM Was watched this espionage, from the moment he knew of its existence, should no! have been accepted by him aa a matter of course, but rotested against before he avowed that ‘his spies faa been iil-selected.” The position must have been unbearable, its simple exposure most damaging to all concerned, and no one can read it without sur- mising, on the nature of relations between high magistratés and the Minister of Justice, a state of things which the Emperor vows shall henceforth be reformed, “for,” said he when the affair reached his ears, “could the Baron address the court under the supervision of the secret police ?”” ‘This reminds me that Napoleon III, much am the public of the Porte St. Martin a short time since, when attending the performance of the drama “La Dame de Monsoreau,” by A. Dumas, now being played there. He laughed outright at one part, when an actor says that the throne of France is like @ bench, nothing more, on which any one could sit down; but the Emperor made the whole theatre laugh in a second part, when a minister walks up to @ theatrical hero gigs ad the part of King Henry IL and roe gp an indescribable French shrug, “See, your Majesty, what a police you have got !’? At this Napoleon looked around for the Prefect of his police, unto whom he smiied and imitated the shrug. M. Pietri could but applaud like the rest of the spectators, but it must have been hard, very hard. ‘The same perfofmance was marked by another event connected with the Empress, She ‘was resting her arm on the velvet cushion before her when she fancied some one touched it, and withdrew in order to make room for a neighbor in the next box, on whose part of the cusiion she thought she miight have been Lenebap der but soon forgetting the incident her arm was again rounded near her bouquet. This time there was no doubt about it; some one did intention: scratch her, and, turning to face the party, a splendid petition was pushed in her hand, and the suggestive author jerked back without showing his face. ROME. Restrictions on Charity=Laudable Conduct of American Ladies—The Carnival and The- atricals. Rous, Feb. 17, 1869. Americansin Rome find it dificult to follow the poet’s maxim, “Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.” Charity has to be regulated by the police, and peo- ple cannot give to the poor, except to street beggars, without the permission of the Governor of Rome. The fair directresses of the bazaar which was lately got up at the American club rooms were interfered with in their preparations by the poiice, and their remonstrances, that in America they never required any authorization to minister to the wants of the in- digent, were met by the rejoinder that in America, being a republic, people could do what they liked, but that in Rome, there is a government and a governor, people must live according tothe laws. I suppose Monsignor Randi fancies that a repubitc is s ynony- mous with a permanent state of anarchy, but how- ever, he relented towards the Americans ladies ana allowed them to hold thelr bazaar, which was cer- tainly to the advantage of the eed of Rome, in ‘whose favo r $700 were realized, besides a number of articles being reserved for a second sale. Another bazaar was hold in the great hall at the capitol in favor of a new hospital for the blind, which the Pope has instituted and endowed, but which is in want of further aid. Most of the princesses and patrician dames of Rome had stails and disposed of various articles at enormous prices, it being the first time that the fair members of this aristocracy had ever condescended to officiate in asimilar manoer. For fear of contact with the “vulgar herd,” access to the bazaar was rendered more dificult than was consistent with the interests of the hospital, and @ practical joke was played on the princesses, three in number, who presided over the tea and ice department, which was perhaps tp- tended as a satire on ‘heir exclusiveness. A com- mon beggar was made suficiently decent not to be refused admitiance with the ticket which was given to him, and he- was instructed to go to the buffet and ask for a glass of water. Although horrified at the appearance of the intruder, the noble lady sap- lied him with the beverage, and received from him fa return three goid Napoleons. ‘The charity was benetited by the offering, but the princess wes very much affronted at having to re- cetve it from such hands. There were twenty-one prin duchesses, marchesas and coun! almost all bpm ng et the Roman nobility, but not all Romans born. Two of these ladies were Ameri- cans, Donna Matilda Sante, née Miss Davis, and the Marchesa Cavaleite, previously Mra. Conrad. - From the fancy fair or bazaar at the capitol I went to the mad hospital to witness & dramatic and musi. -cal entertainment at that institution, in which the performers were convaicscent patients. Cardinals, prelates and ladies in fail dress occupied the par- terre of the littie theatre constructed for the occa- sion, and the performance, although painful to wit- ness on some accounts, waa, on the whole, very tn- Nemesting, Everybody was in motion during carnival. Monks, nuns, priests, and, a3 I have said, even mad folks joined in the general whirl of gayety. Father Mul- ley, prior of the Irish Dorninicans, hospitably en- tertained two cardinals and several ates, ainong whom was Archbishop Manning, at the Convent of San Clemente, where the excavations Mave made Father Mallooley’s name famous, The Pope himseif formed no exception to the excitement of tne perioa, and Ve about visiting religious communities, hos pieaigfind charitable establisiments, enlivening the city eVery day with his semi-gala traia. FOREIGN MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. The Chinese ambassadors have paid a visit to Prince Napoleon, and in the name of thetr imperial master have ipwited him to Pekin, because ha pnows that the Pri “fond of travelling.'"# A medical congress ts to be held at Florence com- posed mM ail nations, the openin, of wich Stanouneed for September 0 and Tne or of October next as the day of closing. . ‘The Russian ment has confiscated the trens- On the 15th ult. the fox hunters of Rome had a ‘and much cea ee britiiant run the ‘was felt at and Miss if }, the latter vend. to in Madrid iat meeting of the Cortes ‘najuome. SHancnas, Jan, 6, 1869. We have received some startling revelations about the coolie trade, condensed in mformation obtained by Captain English, of the United States steamship Troguois. In the month of August last a suspicious vessel arrived in the port of Hakodadi, Japan, with some forty Chinese coolies on board, who coula give no satisfactory account of themselves, and the vessel in which they arrived in port had neither flag, pa- pers nor commander. It seems that in the month of October, 1867, the Esperanza, a coolle ship, sailing under Peruvian colors, cleared from the harbor of Macao for Callao, in Peru, with 300 Chinese coolles on board, and argivea in safety and without accident at her destined port. In the month of January, 1868, ein the harbor of Callao, forty-seven or forty-eight of the coolies were transferred from the Esperanza to the Cayolta, a vessel supposed to have been un- der the American flag, as she was cleared by the American Consul in Callao on the 16th January for Piscamayo and Cherepe, on the coast of Peru, the coolies being intended for laborers upon sugar plan- tations in the vicinity of those places. The vessel was well supplied with stores and provisions, besides a cargo of flour,and it is stated that she took on board some $15,000 in gold and silver coin. The coolies were placed in the main hold and kept there, their food being conveyed to them by a Chinese cook. On the third day out, in the morning watch, they rose, threw off the hatches and assaulted the men on watch, four in number, with haichets, axes, spades and such other weapons as they could lay hold of. The mate was cut in the left shoulder with an axe. He attempted to defend himself with a revolver, but it missed fire; he then resorted to his knife and mor tally wounded two of his assailants, but being har ony by the coolies he was forced to jump over- rd. Two other men vase overboard, one leav- ing lis bloody ul the marks of fingers on the 6 rh, port where he made his exit. The fo man was killed in the assault. The coolies now having mastery of the ship lowered a boat and despatched the men with knives while they were struggling in the water. Upon their re- turn to the ship four men who had during this time been confined to the forecastie were brought on deck, had their hands tied crosswise, and being fastened to an anchor, were Groped alive into the sea. The Chinese cook who served the coolies their food now interceded for the igre life, as he ‘was the only person on board capabie of he | the vessel. The captain had two revolve: witl which he threatened to shoot the coolies, but upon being warned that he would be killed if he made any resistance he abstained from violence and finally consented to navigate the ship to China as the price of his life. Eight Cuinamen were kilied in the fight and one fell from aloft and died of his injuries. e blood was washed from the decks, the dead bodies thrown overboard and the slip put about for her long voyage across the Pacific Ocean, the captain being placed under a strict guard, a prisouer on board of his owa ship. ‘rhe history of that lonely voyage on the Pacific Ocean cannot be given, as no written statemeut or memorandum from the captain has been found on board, It seems, however, from the statements extracted from the Chinese Le Tote ee ih that the ship drifted with the winds and currents of the Pacific Ocean while four moons waxed and waned, when she brought on an island surrounded by ice, where the inhabitants were clad in furs and rode on siedges drawn by sogeeaD ed to have been the coast of Kamtschat -probably the Fox Istands. The Celestial voyagers remained near these islands three or four weeks, in order to take in pro- visions and water and to traffic with the natives for skins and furs with which to protect themselves from the inclemency of the latitude. The water casks had square holes cut with hatchets, which they explained by saying that they had to do it in order to fill the water casks with lumps of ice so they might have water for the voyage. made their flour into cakes of bread to barter with the natives for furs, as silver and gold had no value one a primitive islanders compared with the life. ‘The disap) ce of the captain of the shi this point o: a a for the present re- main involved TA unce! ty, ashe may have suf- fered the fate of his crew, or he may have escaped on these islands, ‘The Chinese say that he went ashore to buy pro- visions, taking a bag of money and the Chinese cook, who, as before stated, nad saved his life, and that neither of them could be induced to return on board the ship, A statement was made by one of the Chinamen that the captain had received a iet- ter by one of the Indians before he le(t the ship, and it this be true, it may encourage the hope that some friendly vessel or civilized persons were in the vicin- ve and that the captaim may be heard of Spo fver the captain’s oo pegiee they state that the ship lost her anchor in @ gale, and drifted out to sea with- out mariner or compass, no person on board being able to guide her course. In one of the Japanese tslands where she drifted they purchased some provisions of the natives, and finally came into Volcano bay, to the north of Liako- Gadi, in Japan. Afier waiting there some two or three weeks they got two Japanese pilots to take them into Hakodadi, ‘The arrival of this “Ancient Mariner” in the har- bor of Hakodadi puzzled the cousular authorities nota littie, as she had no papers, carried no flag, bore no wame and couid give no account of her his- tory. She was therefure turned over to the Japanese autuorities as a wali of the sea. in the thorough examination which Captain Eng- lish made of the ship he found her papers concealed under a drawer of a desk in the room in which the capiain bad been confined as a prisoner wiile navi- gating tho ship, but nota word or line from the captain could be found to give any clue to his fate or destination, The mice had made some havoc with the papers, but the little they Lad made led to the discovery of their piace of conceaiment. The Chinese are imprisoned at Hakodadi, iv charge of the Japanese authorities. Captain Kngiish asked the Governor of Hakodadl what the laws of Japan required under such cir- camstances. He replied that as many of the Chinese must be executed as they had murdered of the crew. ‘Lhe captain suggesied that they hi not execute the Tingleaders, but ihe Governor replied that they must setiie that amor themselves, supposing from a Japanese standpoint that the ringleaders would come forward and commit hari-kari in Japanese fashion. The amount of coin found on board fails short of $2,000, and if it should prove true that $15,000 were shipped there would be a large discre- acy unaccounted for, The captain is reported to ve taken @ small bag. Sowe was squandered Jamon the Esquimanx, and it is rumored that Peru- Vian dollars have recently made their appearance as currency in Hakodadi. 1 coolies wore fur robes, sable hoods and other articles of the northern lati- tudes, corroborating the statement that they had been driven upon the coast of Kamtachatka, Tt is a strange, tive land fi wrt ry of their voyage across tive land and w: the Pacific Ocean it ‘rill relieve the dreary waste of Chinese literature by @ romance of the sea. THE MACAO“COOLIE CL The following proclamation issaed by the Portuguese Governor of Macao:— ‘The Governor of the Province of Macao and Timer deter. mines as followa:—The nese Consul in the port of Cal: Tao, Ltn: mentsy a de. having communi apa the August last, act comm! se fc pL farmer in the suburbs of that city Cy Soke yrilaion Hibit atrocities of ® = (1 Chm “4 of the e contrary, tetved Y Fira— farther notice the Heenges conceded by thie erzomenite Son mignon houses for the port of ‘Secon, Furtwarmorey there shall not be admitted for ex. siaitioe Me NRG ae ae Petar Chinese ‘Agater somerncta, f ‘Chinese or ccoloniate demir asavove Thr coolie i¢ may be numbered among the thin. of the past, as its frighttul resulta shave causes an expression ‘of public opinion and of public ernigration Of Uitnese iakoeers tay be. tndtioed. vo nigravion ot iT companies; America by the organization of proper ‘bat the Sm (er Deerscaa ses Oia wd eight w ten for thesake of gaining @ small fortane to roturt te thet native ianld; but they are not yet manent colonists, ax annum, (a tael beingthe unit currency aalactal in commer® to 183 1-3 cents Mexican sil- ver currency, subject t the fluctuations in the value of Mexican doliars). It may be as well here to ro- mark that the Chinese government has not now and never has had either @ wld or silver coi the copper cash bet the cuirency of the 1, and sycee-silver, welane in bar, the basis of credit and and in some exchange, previnces there is paper money. Tael, Mace, Catdareen. 1 10 000 China imports from Great Briain and her depen- dencies vn the British flag merchandise per an- num as follows:— Golem trom China exports to Great Britain and her de. pendencies more per annum to the valu 44,011,585 . 5 ductions, princi amount annually o! nee And finds a market 1 na dise annually to the value of. leere S balance of. —which is liquidated by ship: or gin 4 18. ‘The United States, therefore, farnish @ large pro- poreee of the bullion which the Chinese pay the for opium, The bullion is not absorbed in oat cay ene nna nD anni Pi lum 18 not calculated to enrich the Chinese ex- cl eater and the consumption of so much opium may be justly considered one of the principal causes wo! ine decay of the Chinese ent ire. It would the Brit roment be der to suppose that delibera' the destruction of hundred ns of people by the forcible introduc- tion of this poisonous drug, but such is the result. ‘The 8 pegan eniperors fought agamst the introduction of element of destruction; but gunpowder 0) the markets for opium, and the i Bri- ih trade with China does not require bullion to equalize the exchanges. The stubporn Custom House ie Peas do not look favorable to an early of the China trade by the Americans, and, in- eed, unless the Chinese can be induced to take something from us besides gold and silver with which to pay the British for opium the less we have of the great Coma trade the beiter. If the leading men of China could arouse from the lethargy of the opium stupor and employ our steam- boats on their inland waters, our steam engines in ther undeveloped mines and our engineers and me- chanics in the construction of railroads, there might be some hope forthe regeneration of the grand old empire. THE MIXED COURT. Areader of Sianghae newspapers may sce every rts of decisions at the “Mixed Court,’ a tribunal in Shanzhae presided over by a mandarin onthe part of the oni government and ailter- nately by the British and American Consuiar judge on the part of the fo1 ers, A few days since tle Consul of her Britannic Majesty invited us to the dispensation of Justice atvording 10, the laws of jon 2 laws 0} China, We were first invited into an inner apart- ment to take a oP of tea, ani then, the court having been Be ors in due form, we were seated on either side of the judges to witness the proceedings. ‘ The came in, leading about a dozen culprits by the convenient handle of their tails or cues. ‘he Clemo upon being called fell eer their knees before the judges and remained in that post- tion guring the trl No lawyers are admitted in a Chinése tribunal, or I fear the poor wretches would have needed a cushion under their knee caps before the trialended. The investigation was simple and the judgment summary, the sentence ranging froin ten to a hundred bit of the bamboo, and irom one to three months’ iment by wearing the caugue, according to the énormity of the offence. The caugue 1s made of two thick boards, with a hole in the centre large enough to hold a man’s neck, and is opened and closed on hinges and fastened with a padiock, so that when the caugue is fastened on the neck the head appears above a table about a yard square, wakh © 9 tn ual can carry shoutwith him if be ae cae nerally prefer res agains a well or ise upon ‘he shecied Gs they can- not reach the mouth with their hanas they are de- of red 1s pasted on the Er. Phe omfence and the punishment, for the OrMBLON as wellas the warning of the public. As sentence ‘was pronounced the bailiffs expressed thelr appro- bation by @ shout, and the culprits were removed the same way they were brought in—by seizing their tails and them out of court, As soon as the dock had been cleared wo were’in- vited into an inner chamber to partake of some re- fresbments, and while there an attendant came in and, placutg an ofMcial necklace around the Manda- rin’s neck, announced that the age were ready to receive the sentences which Just been pro- nounced, It seems necessary for the judge to wit- ness the execution of his orders. We were invited into an adjoining courtyard, where seats were prepared under @ canopy for the Judge and the spectators. As soon as he was seated the culprits were bro up one by one aud fell on their knees to receive the sentence of the law. They were removed a few feet and one at a re- ceived his allotted punishment. A bailift Hind a I Pl in @ red flannel cap, shay loaf, took a twist around his cue and knee between his the courtyard, while his assistant unloosened his breeches and tied them around his legs to keep him from kicking in his agony. Acouple of imps then approached with fat pieces of bamboo about a yard long and two inches wide and commenced @ tatwoo upon the portion of his person, counti alona each e up to twenty, when they relievs each other, If the wretch made a noise in court the imp on his shoulders commanded silence by driving face down w the stones of the pavement by the convenient handle of the cue, It was painful to witness the flesh writhe under the si strokes of the elastic bamboo until blis- ters Tise, and these being broken by the continual tap, tap, tap of the merciless bamboo, a raw was finally established in @ piace which will prevent the unfortunate wretch from sitting aown with any comfort for some time to come. The prisoner having received his punishment and decently adjusted his breeches falls on his knees before the magistrate and thanks him for his clemency, The Mandarin reaches out his long, bony band, with finger nails about an inch long, and quotes some moral maxims from Confucius and admonishes the trembiing victim to go and sin no more. THE NEW POST OFFICE. [From the Sunday Despatch.) We are giad to notice that Senator Conkling’s amendment to thenew Post Office bill before Con- gress, which authorizes the Secretary of the ‘treasury and the Postmaster General to exchange the ground at the southern end of our City Hall Park, lately purchased as a Post Office site, for an- other plot somewnere up town, has been adopted by the Senate. We hi iready ae the park as a site for new Post Ofiee. want that enure square for a breathing and turn! spot for the mul- titudes who crowd our great thoroughfares on either side, We desire to see the space between our new City Hall and the Hera. building kept intact for the Ne as & grand plaza—tie only one left us in the lower part of our choked up city. Remove the palings, cut down the trees, obliterate the walks if it be necessary, aud make @ spacious paved square of the land, With a fountain or statue in its centre, If you piease, but do ee our last morse! of open und down town with piles of masonry, even worth millions of money be secured thereby. Let a good plaza be secured tothe city or Jet the new Post Office go further up, a8 proposed, It would be worth sea to the city if capicat could be concentrated to purchase all the iow ground of Centre street to the Five Points, &c., including the Tombs, for the purpose of raising the grade to a level with Broadway, and the appreciation of pro- ry imc by such vation of the grade Would pay all the ex of the improvement. But the men to accomplish such # Work as tnat aro to rise hereafter. Meantime let us Keep City Hall Canara the “lungs of the city,” for ourselves and chiidren, the Sunday Mercary. that the original pian of erecting the at the lower end of the City Hall Park adopted after all. Our worthy Mayor has notified the Post Office Department at Washington that @ more convenient and cligidio site for thoanew buil ig the wost silo of the Park, opposite the block bounded by Park place and nd f mig Wg bape ted sod onan as suggested e ry @ rectangular butidsy might fe erected instead of a triangular one, as te now contemplated, and an edifice more in accord. would ‘also ajord: greater fuckties to tii pwc, woul 108, ie puolic, The change of site will probably be ay ra upoa bd hay clty atid federai authoritics at an early ay. DeATH OF A VETERAN SoLpinn.—Michael Meisel, who was born in the kingdom of Bavaria, february 22, 1 died at the almshouse of Washington county, Md., on the ist of March, at tho advanced age of seventy-nine years. ‘he deceused was & soldier under Napoleon Bonaparte during his memo- Tapie cam against Russia, when tho cliy of Moscow was burned, He was presentand wiinessed the magnificent sight of that burning city and alae shared in the au ings that followed, in which Napoleon's army was aimost entirely destroyed by Russian winter.—doonshoro! the severity of Fellow.