The New York Herald Newspaper, February 16, 1869, Page 4

4 i ne TELEGRAPHIC OPERA’ Songpatn ternary @he French’ Ocean Cable in the Dfassachusetts Legislature. OTHER OCEAN CABLE PROJECTS. How the Western Union Telegraph Company Eleeted Senator Pomeroy, of Kansas. OPPOSITION LINES IN THE WEST The People Opposing the Monopoly and Fostering Competition. The Rates Reduced toOne- Third the Cost. WASHINGTON, Feb. 15, 1869. You published on the 28th ultimo a very patron- izing letter from Mr, Wm. Orton, President of the Western Union Telegraph Company, in which he claims that you have been grossly deceived into making many erroneous statements in the HeraLp in relation to the affairs of his company. That ex- cuse shall avail him no longer, Here are some facts there is no doubt about; and since .he is so anxfous that the truth shall be known I beg to call his atten- tion toa few relevant questions concerning certain other matters not herein stated, but which are nevertheless pertinent and will hereafter be dis cussed. Privileges of sending despatches over the Western Union lines free of charge have been accorded to certain persons by tle oficers of the company. One of, ‘these deadhead passes was given to the president of a Kansas railroad company who has been lobbying Jn Washington for additional subsidy during the past two years or more. This gentieman and other of- cers of the railroad company aforesaid have sent a large number of messages long distances over the Western Union lines free of any charge whatever. ‘The correspondent of a New York daily morning Mewspaper has been likewise thus favored. The amount the stockholders of the Western Union Tele- graph Company are plundered of in this way is very Jarge. There is no misconception or deception in Tegard to this matter, It is alleged that if the postal telegraph system were established the party in power would use@it corruptly. Here are some interesting facts bearing upon this allegation, Since the foundation the goveruinent there bas been no complaint ‘in relation to the use of the mails in this way. They were controlled by democrats during the last Presi- dential election. and no republican has yet com- plained of partiality. How about the Western Union ‘Telegraph? Has that institution been thus impar- tial? Have despatches never been withheld to ac- complish political purposes ¥ Here are the answers to the above, that may inte- resyMr. Orton. There is no mistake about them, ‘The power and money of the Indian traders’ riag, aided by the Western Union Telegraph, carried the last Senatorial election in Kansas against the will of a majority of the honest citizens of that State. Tae election” took place, it will be remembered, in Jan- uary, 1867. The Legislature was about ninety radi- cal republicans and fifteen democrats. A party coa- test wastherefore, out of the question. All the can- didates were republicans. Messrs. Pomeroy and Ross were the candidates of the indian traders’ corrupt faction of the party. The honest wing had their candidates, aiso republicans. The contest lasted five days, and was decided by means of the grosscst abuse of the telegraph system that has ever been re- corded. A partisan of the Indian traders’ ring pro- duced a forged paper, purporting to be sivned by United Stales Senator Henry Wilson, of Massachu- setts, urging the Kansas Legisiature to elect Porme- roy&Co, * * A friend of Senator Wiison, who Happened to be at the Kansas State capital at time, immediately Wegraphed over the Western Union lines to that gentleman, asking him if he had Teally sigued any such paper. Senytor Wilson tu. miegl ty replied by telegraph’ that the document was a forgery, as he had made no recommendation in regard to the matter whatever. The despaich making the inquiry was sent about twelve o'clock P. M. on Friday. Senator Wilsou «answered it promptly, but the answer was not recet until about eleven o'clock A. M, on the Wednesday follow- ing—just three minutes too late to be used. At four and one-half days consumed in transmittin ce, pe to should in turn give to land an American cable on her our nt understands tt, if there could be mutual tion of this kind the American company would be perfectly williag to allow the French company ta compete with them. The bill of Senator 4 now pending in Congress, will, however, if it comes @ law, obviate the benceaey of any such mutual lation; for in the songon it pro- vides that the consent of Congress will ven the laymg and matntal; of tel cables between the United States any fore! oe and oree. our yriig enero ona sul however, any and all ri 0 sarees jurisdiction in and over the same; and poe also that the foregoing privileges shall n enjoyed by any company whose line terminates in a foreign country by wich similar privileges are not extended to companies incorporated in this country, Bly ghvad yond Jaw ot Conarae at will Ms seen that the American and foreign companies w! be on the samé@Yooiing, and that with the eompeti- tion that will necessarily follow the advan- tage will be preatiy on the side of e. So far ag the matter of the rival compani ue in Massachusetts is concerned, thereiore, 1 will be @ matter for the Legislatare to determine, anc of course the American company will, If possible, drive the American end of the foreign cable to the shores of some other State. The tirst intimation the public will have of the formation of the American Cable Company will be the following petttion for an act of incorporation, which was presented ip ihe Massa- chusetts Senate on Saturday :-~ To On Rennie Senate and House of Representatives as- mbled se “a ‘We, the undersigned, do respectfully petition your bonora- bis bodies for nm aot of Incorporation dadae the tile of the “American Transatlantic Cable and ‘Telegraph Company,” for the purpose of constructing or purchasing, layiny, maln- taining and operating one or more submarine cables trom some point on the coast of Massachusetts via the Western Islauds to such a pount on a foreign coast as shall be herealter decided upon, JOSEPH & STEARNS. JAMES W. BROWN, CHESTER SNOW. JAMES G. SMITH, This American Transatlantic Cable and Telegraph Company, as itis termed, will tay ‘two cables in- at of one, and each cable is not to exceed in weight fifteen hundred pounds to the mile, and the size 1s to be one-half mcli in diameter, or about half the size and weight of the present Atlantic cabie. ‘The conducting wire will be of the best of steel, cov- ered with ee and the chief strength of the cable will be in this conducting wire. Outside of this wire will be a coating of gutta percha, and over this will be a canvas covering, the latter, however, not for protection, but to render the handing more easy while laying the cable, With the superior conduct. ing power of steel and copper it ia claimed that messages can be transmitted one-third taster than over the Atiantic cable, aud with the application of the double transmitter recently patented by Mr, Stearns, President of the Franklin Couper com- munications can be sent over the same cable at tue same time m opposite directions. Thus {t will be seen that with two cables, and the double trauszmit- ter applied to each, they will have a capacity to transact five and one-third times the business within @ given time that can be sent over the Atlantic cable. The proposed route of the cable will be from the Plymouth coast, in Massachusetts, to the West- ern Islands and “thence direct to France. The stretch from Massachuset!s to the islands will be 1.500 miles, and here there will be a repeating sta- tion; and the nest stretch from the islands to Frauce wiil be 500 miles—the whole distance being exactly 2,000 miles, and 400 miles shorter than tie Atlantic cable. The steamer Ontario, the property of the American Steamsuip Company of Boston, and now lyimg ata wharf tm Kast Bostou, will probably be used im laying the cable. 3 Opposition Telegraph Lines Entering Chicago. Cavaco, Feb, 13, 1869. You of the East seem to know but little of what ts going on in opposition telegraph lines at the West. Within three months three new tines lave entered this city and are doing bastness. In December the Atlantic and Paettic office was opened from New York. In January the Mississippi Valley Company's line frora St. Paul and St.Louis con- nected with the Atlantic and Pacific Company's hnes at Chicago, This month the Great Western Company's lune from Milwaukee commenced business at the same office at one-third the price of the Western Union tariif—only twenty cents. This last named company Will have foar thousand mites added to it in 180, Work 1s going ahead now on several differ- ent routes penetrating the North and Sogthwest from tus city. Mr. David Gage is the president of the company. He always “ineans business” aud nothing atops any euterpt he ts engaged in. Cheap Telegraphiug West. MILWAUKEE, Keb, 12, 1859. While the Post OMice Committee are listening to telegraph arguments the people this way are taking stock in the Great Western Telegraph Company—a Western institution, originating in Chicago for low tariffs, ite lines are to cover the States of Michigaa, Himols Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, lowa, Mis- souri, Nebraska and Kansas, aod connect with the Auantic and Pactiic, from Chicago to New York. A portion is now finished, aud our people are now despaten f fopeka to Washington and return ! If Senator Wilson's reply had been received thirty minutes sooner the Indian ring’s cantlidates would have been defeated dad the people's candidate elected, There is not the least doubt about this fact. Ocean Telegraph Matters Before the Massa- chasetis Legislature—The Frencl Cable Bill Recommitted—An American Cable Project und a Petition foran Act of Incorporation Possibility of Thiee New Cables Between France and the United Siates the Cox Summer—Particulars of the New American Gable Enterprise. Bostox, Reb. 15, 1869. The matter of ocean teles hy and cheap and quick transmission of intelligence ts at this time occupring & large share of the pubiie.attention both in this country aud Europe. The success of the present Atlantic cable bas demonstrated beyond a doubt the practicability of telegraphing long dis- tances under the sea, and during the imterven- img years of its operation the inventive genius of both countries has been largely employed im devising i, rovements upon the present cable, and i is undoubtedly trae that iu the construction of additional ccean lines they will be m periect and possess more capacity than auy of the cables now in operation. The terribly high tariis which bave been exacted oy the cable companies now existing have had the effect to con- fine the use of their lines to oniy the very largest and most wealthy commercial houses, and wise capital- asts in both countrs eforeswen that their junds | can be invested in no better or safer enterprises than the laying of additional ¢ Detween Europe and Amari ompeatiion about a re- dnetion of tion and pre ed in the Her nod cable eL J result Iu the tween France and dassachusetis du tsuimmer. As is already known, it is the wish of i to bave American terminus of b s State, and an eifort vo there is’ now beiug made ne up in the Sen- . Of one Of tie ba re- 19 Affuita, of » irame and the peopie aad the report interests « Pending Plymouth distriv to Mr. Crane having the & tile Aifairs, it Senate. Co that count Dill, and a& were eviden Mr. Cr. be repelled talglit cou at, while the ¢ tee mighs be opposeu to the Dil as It wasn ee did pot Whit that any one of I pint objeci. to having the American terminus of cabie ip Ma. wnetis, If Wie bill w yramabtt be felt sure thal the commitice woald report a sacs factory vill ae one id hick Would guard we righis of pople Of Me.jsuoh setts. me Lapis anotier Bustom Senator, sald that a 4 of tue measure he thought it would be be ve the bill recomimitted to the Coin on Merountile Affairs, for the merabers of that coum tee knew allaboup ihe matter and Wore therefore Deller (ualthied to act dpoa 1% than any other com- malice could possibly be. Toese laticr remarks seemed to have an lafuence . Weston, for he lmuaediately withtrew nis atucudimeni and tie whole matter was then, anal gous Vote, recomunitied to the Committee 0; Mercantile Avaire. or ¥ woved “ff n, of an amendment thi instead of on Mercau tee of tb ir. Weston 2% “l, Raid thet vale vorawn, 8 would As previogs. y intimated, there id pad another cable ener: nected, aad, if carried forward as now proo 11, In the matter of usefulness, oulrival ali the ot nod. it is to entirely American atau, a0 almost inexbancubie capi- taj, Sad the ttock is to be | chi taken in New ork, Bostoa, Philadelphia and one or iwo of the iarcer Western cities, The ei ferprise bes bev _qoietiy conceived aad noise: lesaly carried f wad to such @ degree tnat it Will wpdoubtedly become Afeality. The opposition wiidl hes appeared in the Legisiature to tie Freneb i \netr cable in Duxbury has como eit Rog interested in the Afnerican en- terse alinded to; but it has upon a divorent @roaud from whi aed. . It has beea generally bel nevis of the Fréaol bi appeared simply for the 0 tf tue foreign company to enter into yin vl as ry i company for the traaa- the | by al paying a tari of ouly twenty cenis from Milwaukee to Uhicago, where a year ago the Westera Union ex. torted sixty ceuts for the same. The West is acting while Congress 1s talking. The Great Western Com- pany are now siippingtueir poles over several long routes, and setuug them. They will be in operation by Juiy to Owaba, Louis a May, aod the Uiinots river in June. ‘They will complete 4,000 miles tis very year. The West 1s aroused « determined uot to be ruled by the Western Union Company any longer, € is raled by the ‘350,000,000 | THE NEW YORK HERALD ON CHRISTIANITY. u a the Richmond Enquirer, Fe! ; Und ne caption of “The Great Future Triamph of Christianity” the Naw York HexaLp treats the Christian religion as an element of the progress of the age. The HERALD, we take it, does not care par- eularly about Christianity, but ylelds it its approoa- Aion as one of the live things of the day. Thi HERALD, Whatever its faults is intensely American, and adiires anybody or anytiing that exhibit Vitaliiy or makes its way in the world. We hay iittle doubt our influential contemporary would bid the Deval God speed if he had been successful tn! business in New York or bad been tue winning can- didate in a race for the Presidency. The HEKALD Is an opuimist. It recognizes accomplished facts and believes Uist a live dog is better than a dead jion. It trusts implicttiy im the triamph of humanity, and there is something even grand im its fundamental faith that the race Nas ever been advancing and 1s moving award now to aciievements and to a devel- opment which wiil throw tuto the shade all the great eras of the past. Iu many resp truest repress ta the New York Hira. ts the tative of American character and fevling of ali our newspapers; and this accounts for ils success. It reverences nothing; it has ueitier t abbors all infirmity; ple, the fayorites of for. yrea with Ho scrup.es; it ires a great scoundrel aint with ‘absoluve iaparvatity; believes rth i @ Orst rate earth: .4 unterrided at ©; goes infor auy “big thing; and if a money takes no interest in the laquiry how yi. We doubt yery much whether the betteves In ihe spiritual world at all, There ng Sublime in its scorn of the right or It recognizes vo allegiauce to any hor and the rules of conduct regards as purely , mh you make at the HERALD office touary—not suited to merican, @ clog on the uty Of a people 18 to “gi » stretch wires aera discoveries, beat Burope, or | by a OF maguiticent age- increane | 4 of ships, aanex verritory, follow] in the wake 0. Rome. it 1s active, therefore, to oberve the Henan: contemplvting With admiration the Obristiaa reel ligion. he paper does homage to the power winch the tuning ex It sees it rapidiy aud esectually crustiung Uu ng Of the old pagen world, creai- ing a new # state in medieval Rurope, bursting | out With free energy at the retormation, lending its | vigor to # giant repubitc ta the West and now snak- | ing to their foundation the venerable creeds of india and China, “MaRommedantsm, Buddhism, Brauminism and at) other isms,” it exclaims, | “mast yied and bow the knee as we advance.” | “Che car of Christina triumph rolls on. Those who will not make toot for it and follow and worsinp muat sebi@t to be destroyed.” And then it cake on | the Jews to submit to Christianity. Hypocrisy ts satd to be the homage which vice rendere (o virtas, and When we see Mephistopheles waitiog tat in hand in the courts of heaven i is a | Valuable testimony W which will probably be the | winning side. Bennett's sagacity as to the run o | the cards is proverbial, and it is more than notice. able When ue tarns the HeRaLy into a religious jour-| nal. it seems to be & repetition of that remarkabie | case of the conversion of “the wickedest maa in | New York.’ Can we be near to the millennium, when | @ pation shall be — in a’ day? Is anti-Cnrist about to be overwhoiMed, and that old serpent, the Devil, about to be chat for a thousand years? is the HeeaLD feetng from the wrath to eome | making forthearky It ts really funny. [t is the #reatest instance of versation we ever heard of. All of Bennett's other somerseta are rable | compared to this. The conversion of General Butler has occurred to us in connection with it, and oid Ben Wade. We should not be surprised to hear that even Greeley was serious and ® mourner. it is the obeleance ef your me fends that ts | the highest homage to on . Serious devils | seem capable of better thi depths of their bitter hearts might, one tay imi under more auspicious circuinstances, have surcharged With love aa now with hate, Bat your persifewr— Who neltuer hates nor loves—whose is 80 exguitits (iat it betrays no emotion—whose unbe- Hef te 80 thorough ty body beliove yontional su yond you I iFaaol 1b is Worthy of remark that ‘end con- olentions minds cannot ‘discarn What is RO to the hard, clear eye of the Satanic have bistorica! difficulties, avientitc dificuities, trinal diMouldes; vat the Henao econ the 35 THE STORM. Heavy Fall of Rain—The Streets Flooded. ‘The changeable character of the weather has never been more clearly proven than during the present winter, While we have not been favored with the usual number of cold days and heavy snow falls, we have had more changes than usual and a good deal of mild weather. The soft, balmy air and the warm sun of Saturday last led people almost to expect that spring was at hand, and to look forward to at any rate a few more days of the same charming char- But these hopes were not to be realized. He who Dallas Ni 023 7 i ae iA the weather to- morrow upon that o1 upon a poor foundation, and the castle In the iat wich be rears, however pleasant in antici appearance, is sel- dom sufficiently substantial to see the morrow’s noon. Sunday med » cold and raw; at ‘times Old Sol tried his best to out and show his smiling face, but finally relinquished the en- deavor, in the afternoon hours withdrew from view altogether. In the evening the clouds opened and a drizzling rain ie Who had gone char re ited, many peop! 10 unpror with umbrellas were surprised at the conclusion of the service to find that it had begun to rain, and mach excellent exhertation and holy counsel was quickly forgotten in the annoyance caused thereby. At intervals the rain continued to fall until an ear! hour yesterday morning, when it commenced to come down with great force. The large drops bat- tered a it the windows, pattered on the roofs: aud sidewalks, and with their noise awoke the sleepers and made them almost think that another deluge was commencing. It does not often rain sO wily ag it. did yesterday morning, or i it does ,it seldom lasts #0 long. It seemed as if the windows of heaven were opened quite wide or else that some water spout had burst over the city and was emptying i on the streets and housetops, By the time the business hours had arrived the storm had greatly moderated, and though tt continued raining the fall was as nothing when compared with that of the early hours. ‘The effect of the storm in this city could be seen on every side throughout tbe day, Fortu- nately no great damage is reported as hav- ing done, at any rate so far as de- struction of property 1s concerned. The streets, however, give evidence of the violence of the rain. The gutters were swelled into Iittle rivers, car tracks were in many parts covered with water, and the holes in the thoroughfares (of which, by the by, there are a great number) assumed the sunearnaice of miniature lakes. In the lower parts of the city large bodies of water could be seen im many directions. At and around the Battery, par- ticularly, the water had accumulated and was stand- ing 1p pools, Along South street, too, pedestrian- ism was made very disagreeable on account of the lodgment of large quantities of water at the foot of the various piers. Broadway pre- sented a very deplorable spectacle, both on the site- walks and on the carriage way, and passengers on toot were in danger of finding themselves up to their aukles in water before they knew that they were in the vicinity of the puddles. The storm, it ts thought, was very wide spread in its violence, and tere is no doubt accounts of disas- ter will be received from the interior of the State and from distant cities. 4 OBITUARY. Sol Smith. A telegram from St. Louis announces the death in that city, on Sunday morning, of Sol Smith, the well known actor and manager, from congestion of the brain. He was nearly sixty-eight years of age, wing been born on the 20th of April, 1801, in Che- nango county, in this State. At an early age he re- moved to the West, where he introduced tue theat- rica! profession, first appearing on the stage at Vin- cennes, Indiana, in 1810. His success from the start, though somewhat slow, was sure. He gained in popularity with the people of the Western States, in nearly allaf which he appeared. For about elght years he did not perform in any of the large cities of the Union, but in 1827 he left the West for the pur- ose of accepting an engagement in New Orleans, in which city he first appeared in the character of Bill Lackaday. The following year he went to Mis- sissippi, and at Natchez was dubbed “Old sol,” from the many times in which he played “old men’ arts. Mr. Smith’s success m the South was great rom the outset. His popularity increased with rapid- ity, until from being a stock actor on a salary he became one of the most important theatrical mana- gers in that section, indeed, for a large number of years no manager outside of the soost importass cities in the South couid compete with nis firm, which was known as Ludlow & Sintih. The de- ceased passed so many years in the North and Southwest that he was bat little known tn . mis part of the Union, although by reputation his name ‘was familiar to a large pumber of persous. Ln 1835 he performed at the old Park theatre in this city for &@ briet Give; bat the audiences of the Mississippt Valley were ‘more congenial to his tastes, and he soon returned to them. One of the great sources of the success of the deceased in the South was his genial temper and sociable disposition, which soon gained him friends among the quick-tempered but conviyial and hospitable Southerners. “Old Soi” was aways certain of a hearty welconfe wherever he went, from St. Louis to New Orleans, Little Rock | to Galveston. Asa companion he was @ sure cure for the blues. The fund of humorous anecdotes he possessed and drew from Uberaily never fatled to exeite the ristbilities of the most melancholy of mortals. Not long ago he published im book form a collection of rich stories relating to the theatrical profess.on. Mr. Smith leaves two sons behind him, who are wel! known as actors of more than ordinary erit—Mark Simith, stage manager at Booth's the- atre, and Sol Smith, Jr., the popular low comedian, now engaged at Wood's Museum. The death of “Old Sol’? will be sincerely regretted by the prof sion in general aud by Yhousands in the West and ned where be won all of his reputation and popu- jarity. Alvin Duet. Alvin fant, late night editor of the Word, died at Unadilla, Otsego county, this Sta! on the 14h inst. Mr. Hunt was born September 28, 1840, in the northern part of New York. His father was a journalist and conducted a paper tn Watertown for some years Wit what Yiose Who remember it recol- lect to have been ability far beyond the average. tis gon jearned the trade of printing, and eame to New York in 1850 to follow it. For some ume he set type in the oflce of the Journal or Commerce, but left it for the Argus, a w paper, which he served in various capacttte nfl (he paper consoluated with the Word, in the autamn of 1863. a Wt until Co tomber by his death MURDER ON SHIPBOARO. Captain Walker, of the brig Robert ©. Wright, which arrived at this port Sunday last, from St. Do- mingo City, states that two seamen attached to his vessel, named Butler and Hawthorne, went asbore for the purpose of looking around the city. The former got intoxicated and commenced quarreling with Hawthorne and making himself disagreeabic, but ey ay weed became friends, until they got on board the brig again, when Batler comm abus- ing his shipmate, which #0 exasperated Hawthorne that be drew bis sheath knife aad stabbed Butler to the heart, killing bira tostantly. The authoritios at ‘St. Domingo seized Hawthoroe aud locked him up to aswer the crime. Butler was a native of Nova solla, and was about twenty-elght: years of age. Hawthorne belonged to New York. * ONE MORE UNFORTUNATE. Suicide of a Young Woman. [From the Pittsburg (Pa.) Republic, Feb. 14.) Another sad efof suicide occurred on Friday afternoon, the vicinity of Harmersvilie, Indiana township, about tweive miles above Allegheny, on the Western rennsyivania Ratiroad, the vicum being an unfortunate gitl, named Amanda Matthews, who was led from the path of rectitade and virtue by some unprincipied villain. it Ax that the deceased, who was & dressmaker by left the house of her mother, at Harmersvill¢, on |, for Allegheny, for the purpose of procuring work. She was noticed at the Federal street station durn the afternoon, but nothing further is known her movements until seven o'clock in the evening, when her dead body was discovered on @ hill a short distance from Harmerayilic, by two young men. ‘The body of the deceased was re- moved to her mother's house and Coroner Clawson notified of the circumstance. On 4 noon the coroner proceeded to Harmersville an inquest. The young mon testified to the of the body, and One witness stated that about foar Weeks since deceased said that she would mot be ‘The following note, which was found on her person, and which was addreased to read to the jury b stort fob that Teme est wil beat the dation tn Tisrmereriist ahd okt ever be am gone. is ay more, TY A ng ROU, g7Ht# ale In Aliogheny station house, low team go ‘The cards of two physic’ from’ a Pittsburg paper, werd theo ia het je. Dr. William Cam; ell testified th he vis- deceased shortiy after was cumcovered ‘a8 satisfied that she ied from A or the character of did not Wie a tea cnaaece os eee ont to her the of Bhd ieaves o, mother and’ tive suterer Whe ore over: ‘oO whelmed with ariet at her sad tate.” enn ‘ A joint committee of the Common Ccunoil of last year having directed General Egbert L. Viele, Civil Engineer, to examine tho markets of this city and make @ report upon their condition, the result of his investigation was laid before Mayor Hall yesterday, and contains important statistics;— To A, OAKEY HALL, Mayor of New York:— ‘The following report upon the markets of the city has.been prepared at the request of a joint committee of the Common Council of 1868. The time required to the ited its comple- lore THE PRESENT CONDITION OF THE MARKETS city are thirteen sted as foliows:— Gouverneur Mar! Centre Market. Jefferson Market, Franklin Market. , Essex Market, Catharine Market, Union Market. Clinton Market, Tompkins Market. WAS\TINGTON MARKET. What is known as Washington Market is the rem- nant of an gel cre oa Washington street, between Vesey and Fulton streets, many care ago fora publi market. To this there has been aaded, from time to time, sheds and booths of sae riket, purposes, together with, the outire sido- ee in orion of the adjoining streets has es sone ea rickety and decayed si in the si Ghapidations filthy in the extreme, disgusting to the sight and smell and ia aaa any community, Givilved oF grappearanco of desointe. squalor whic escribe the ce fe presented Ps the eye in viewing these premises. Yet this 1s the principal depot for the dally food, not only for the city of New York, but for the people within a circuit of twenty-five or thirty miles. Pro- bavly two miluons of consumers derive from this spot their market produce, and at least one hundred thousand producers are ‘est Fulton Market. ie ho orlgual’ market property connected with it. The original market pro) occupied the space between Washing.on West streets, Vesey and Fulton, an area of 43,750 square feet; but the Increasing demand for space has caused the occupation of a area, be- tween the eastward lines of Vesey and and from che line of Weat westerly to an area of 272,718 square feet. This is what known as West Washington Market, In addition to the buildings for many blocks 1a the vicinity are occupied for produce and all the streets by market wagons. In the busy market hoars the crowded condition of all the approaches and the pressure, ern and jostling incident to it beg- rs all description. . othe following 18 an actual count of the vehicles re- celving and delivering market produce in the streets adjacent to Was! Market m one moraing dur- ing market hours:— Cortlandt street, irom Greenwich to West.. West street, from Cortlandt to Warren. urray, frowa West to Broadway. Barclay, from West to Broadway. Washington, from Cortlandt to Duane. 408 Vesey street fi BRE Ghae 107 Greenwich, m Cortlandt to Warren. 87 Broadway, from Maiden lane to HERALD office... 30 Fulton stree! 195 Total 2,383 About rod: mend and two-thirds consumers’. The total number affords an illustration of the condition of the streets during market hous. It is a wonder that anything ft to eat can come from such a market plaee, Under those low sheds there is no ventilation and litte ligut, no shelter, since the rain pours through the decayed roofs in all directions; no cleanliness nor possibility of it. In short it is not a Ht place for @ decent person to go to for any purpose whatever, much less to seek there the food which ought to come from the purest and most cleanly Pisa noseinls, WEST WASHINGTON MARKET. ‘This is, as stated, an extension or outgrowth of Washington Market proper. ms mostly pire by residents of New Jersey, 182 heterogenous collec- tion of dilapidated sheas, built in rows and separ ated by alleyways about twenty feet wide. ese sheds are constructed at the oxpense of those occu- py stands, and in accordance with their taste, or he wl! ce of it, as the case may be, The whole huge cul-de-sac, terminating in a dumping ground for garbage and street filth, This last ought to be suppressed at once for various sanitary reasons, The alieyways are planked without tlie necessary bear- ings, the consequence of which is that in wet weatner jets of snuddy water are thrown up at every ate fe FULPON MARKET, munud occupied by this market is the block by Fuiton, Beekman, Froat and South containing 33,410 square feet—about thirteg: city jota. ‘There are three bulidings running parailel to each other, east and west, which are of a more rinanent character than those of Washington Mar- et, although very inferior ta construction. Between these buildings there are sheds similar to those at the intter market, not quite so dilapidated, however, vet they are bad enough. ‘There ls a want both of lignt and ventilation, Opposite to this market, along the base of South street, ou the river side, rough sheds have been erected, which are used as & wholesale dsh market, Arrangements for the free use of waver keep this piace comparatively clean, FRANKLIN MARKET. ‘This is a brick two story building, sitnated at Old slip, between Front and South stree, About twenty- five fect by one hundred, almost disused as a market, the cellar and firsé door principally occupied by junk shops, cating and drinktug saloous; the upper floor 1s to tet; butlding old and of litte value; ground very valuable; should be sold. CATHARINE MARKET, ‘This igjocated at the foot of Catharine strect; is com of two one story’ buildings, inferior tn construction; numerotis excrescences in’ the shape of sheds are attached to tt, and a large jon bs devoted to eating saloons, Property in peigh- borhood is valuable. The market is not very weil patronized, ‘The whole might be readily with and property sold. CLINTON MARKET. Located at Canal, Washington, Hoboken, West and Spring streeta, This ‘is a proper location for a market, and ail the stands are occupied. There are two irregular plots of grouad, but ou of which is built upon. ‘The bailding ts old and infertor, most of itarere shed. The market is kept as cleou as cirenmstantes will allow; but the space is not used io advaniage. GOUVERNEUR MARKET. ‘This i# @ three story brick buliding oc: valuaple ground at Gouverneur ailp, yet used at all as @ market. The upper stories are used as a cooper shop, and there are one or two staiis and an eating place down stairs, CENTRE MARKET. Located at Broon Baxter, Centre and Grand streets, This is a three story building, regular in shape, with sheds attached. Some oi the stalis are very elaborate, costing from $1,000 to $1,600. ‘There 1s not much room, and what there is is not disposed to advantage. The Seventy ath regi ments liave drill rooms in the upper stories, J20 PERSON MARKWE. Greenwich aveaue, Sixth aveageand Tenth «treet. ‘This is located in a central position, 8 Importa: mayket, but with very lnmwed and b me tusdations. ‘The buildiags are oid and th cupied is prmetpally covered with sheds, Which ox- nd over the sidewalk, and a large portion of the npsing street 18 Lrangiently for market purposes. ESHPX MARKET. Fasex, Grand and Ludlow streets. This is © Sub- stantially built stracture, three stories thigh, with » basement. The upper stories are occup menial drill rooms. ‘The stalls could be ‘with more economy of space, aud more at: required to the intertor and ext ONION MARKET. Columbia, Houston, Sherif and Second stre: This 1s a small market, 560x200 feet, with fe two stalls, 10x, rented at on the building i three Moris inh occupied a4 a police station, and third stor Somperanes pete the building, thoagi Lint space, is clean and bi repair, TOMPKINS MARKET. Third avenue, Sixth and Seventh strects.—This is justly regarded aa the best market building in the city. In fact, with the exception of the new inarket foot of Sixteenth band Kast river, it is the only one deserving the name.* It 18 an fron structure, three stories in height, 100 feet_by 181. The two up- per floors are occupied by the Seventh regiment, av drill rooms. The location is a central one, and the interior arrangements are pretty good, yet might be mach improved. The first Noor should have been ‘on a level with the strect, and the Whole surrounded with @ substantial verandah. ‘The new market referred to above, at the foot of Sixteenth street, has not yet been occupied; it is nearly completed, 200 by 409, with brick waits, covered by three truss cylindrical roofs, with good ventilation, and wil! make an eXcelicnt market hone, ‘These are all the public market houses in the city, ‘The total aven Oecupied by these markets i as fol- lows: — West Washington Market. Uare..... See teara aeons gaan It nearly the whole block bounded by Seventh avenue and Forty-eighth and front on Forty-eigu th ‘of 134 feet; faves na, Sree of 2 feet. It l# one story high, with the contre, at a height of about floor, 566 Windows on Glvola, y rer and on top of the light 6xd2 feet, besides four other north line, each 10x20 feet. The comented, layers of felt, saturated between and water double glass doors on Forty. on Seventh avenue, and Twenty-one on Broadway, all with fan lights and pivots over them 4x6 six windows on the north wall 8x8 feet, chimney flues in the wails; also 12 glass doors to the basement, with stairs from the opps the whole ‘aisomined, inside ani 3 water closets for men in the gas jets and about 150 : ‘The interior is divided into 145 st mostly seven by ten fect, some rafew sinaller—the whole occupied by about e! an office in the north janitors’ cl ae. A corridor runs all around stands next to the wails, besides: running chrough from way to Seventh avenue, and 8 cc! way from Forty at north, ten feet wide, The stands oak walnut, i numerous doors, windows, skylights, &c. (all made to open at once if ), insu Let Ventilation and light market. 1n addition this there in differei to the ni are nt of the he de vate markets, he lor Hons of buildin; three. naieiiaae t abe twoor as First avenue. Second avenu Third avenue. Fourth avenue Total, ‘The remainder are distributed in other localities. ‘These stands pay an average rent of $1,000 a ea or a tota! of $300,000, and transact an average it ness of $16,000 a year; or a total of $4,500,000. They are goverued by no special regulations, nor are they, so far as I am aware, subject to any special gaol 4 ‘There can be no selection of the purchaser beyond the limited supply fe hand, and no opportunity for comparing, the prices charged with tho market prices, All of these minor market ds are the result of deficient arrangements of a public character, and the consequences are very serious in an economic point of view, since prices are entirely arbitrary, not being submitted to competition or the laws of trade governing demand and supply, which are the natural result of an aggregation of dealers, It is urged by some that markets should follow all other branches of trade, and be left entirely to the action or non-action of private individuals. Yet the laws of public health and public safety, as well as a just consideration for tie good of the many, asshown yy all experience, are opposed to this view of the case. From the foregoing it will be seen that the clty of New York is very deticient in public markets, either as regards character, condition, number, size or con- venience, It did not require this summary to de- monsirate the first, since it is patent to the mind of every citizen. So great have become the almost irremediable and manifold evils which have grown out of the present condition of th! that a speedy remedy is linperatively demanded, Yet the very fact that such a state of haa been endared so lo iy evidence that there are civic problems involv which cannot be hastily solved. MARCEIN OF OTHER CITIES. This subject of market places is one that, from time immemorial, has occupied the attention of the rulers over men and dwellers in large citi market places of Athens and Roine were classic qgoand, where men met to discuss the questions of ‘he day, and products of ail kinds were exchanged as well as thoughts and ideas, The ruins which sur- round these great civic centres command the awe and admiration of men, and even Curing that high carnival of art, science, skill an genius could be devoted to no more noble adorning the vicinity of those Dt the necessities of life were gathered and dispensed under the influence of refine- ment, taste and sanitary lawa, of being sur- rounded by associations of butchery and filth. MARKETS OF PARIS. At a later period, under the brilliant influences which attended the first empire, the elder Napoleon determined to make & change in the entire market ayatem of Paris. By the confiscation of the conventual property which followed the revolution of 1789, Napoleon was m placed in. ion ot a large area of the most denseiy po portion of Paris, w enabled him to plan si those vic great ch improvements which have added so mush to the at- tractions o/ that fascinating capital. The Pater use to which this confiscated property was applicd ‘Was the establisiiment of markets and the of ways of comm ion. han overcrows city. ‘There was no point to which the attention of Napoleon was more directed to the proper dis- fa oe of provisions. Experience in the camp and le] differ from a cainp. The Emperor opened eight new markets. The Marché St. Honoré, ou the site of the old Jacobins, was one, and the spacious and beautiful Marché St. Germain, hear the church of Sf. Sulpice, another. The Great Halles, however, or ventral ‘marke! of Paris, he lett pretty mach a3 he found it. The war interrupted hia civic designs, and it was not till she latter part of the reign of Lonis Philij that steps were taken to remodel and rebuiddit. Three thousand carts and ‘k horses then encumbered every morning the ing streets, the stails ex- tended from the marketinto the surrounding quar- ters, tables and vehicles obsiructed ea h other and crowds of buyers and sellers found it ea ally dim- cult to get their goods tn or out, In 1845 M. de Ram- buteau, as the chief magistrate of the city, ap- inted various persons to visit London and other whe for the purpose of examining similar gatab- lishments abroad. The of the commissioners was prepared tn 1847, and first stone of the new Halles, irom the design of M. Baltard, was laid on the 16th September, 1301. When a@ porticn used asa butter market had been completed the Parisian public denounced it as a fortress and called it the Fort de la Halle, a term which, denominating aiso the stoul porwrs of the market, was further recommended by the pun. The building, however, was more likely to serve the purpose of insurgents than that of government, aud the example of the toany beautiful railway stations, In which a large space was covered over with the simple aid of a few iron pillars aad a light tron roof, the pre- sent Kiaperor tn 1552 to adopt the « m and re- move the suspected butter market which had been bulit. The new plan prepared by M, Baltard ob- — approval an’ admiration of all who ex- arin . The Marché des Innocents, celebrated for its fountains, was the Covent Garden of Paris; spacions, but less convenient. ‘The interior was Oiled with women, who had @ teble jor a stall, and a coarse, strong umbrella to protect thom against sun oc rain. The frequenters were mostly poor, who ofien bought in a heap the collection of vegetabics, which, wita the addition of bread and a litte fs “compose a savory sou. All this has now dt. Appeared, and the new markets are located between the old site and the charch of St. Enstacho, A space of 640,000 square fect i# appropriated to the purpose, of which 270,000 ts covered in, This later portion furnishes tea pavitious or gaieries.. “Numbers one and two are devoted to pai meat and contain 40,99 square feel, Nambers three and four are #6t apart for vege. | taties, fruit and flowers, a rd $40 stalls, of eighieen square feet edcit. Numbers five aod six are applied to the retail sale of the same commodi- ties. Number seven is the fish market, Number eight is for butter, egg¢3 and cheese tm wholesale, with @ retail department at pamber ten; and num. T nine Is aesigned to poultry, game and cooked eat. The stalls take up 214,000 square fect. ‘The remaining #ix are passages. A good market would be useless without o sponding means of communication. The old st s which led to the Halles were numerous, ladeed, nut narrow and more contracted the nearer they ap- proached the cenira, To remedy this inconvenience # wide boulevard is carried through the very contre of Paris, from north to south, called the Boulevard de Strasbourg, because 1b commences at the Stras- bourg station. Underneath this new thoroughfare ts 4 broad subterranean railway, connected with th. eastern and western lines, and throngh them with all other lines of communication. The railway enters = collars of one maw | ok eo the means of transporting Provisions without encumbering the ordinary thoroughfares or even being scev in them. This vast improvemen: will probably hereafter be extensively applica, sud in great citios we shali have a double set of atroeta— upper and lower, The arches of the underground portion of the Halies, Which are but oné brick In taickneas, and each of which springs from four tron pillars, nt a beautiful appearance. The weight they will support ta altaost incredible to the unacioa- ttle beholder. It ls not assumed, however, that either in ancient or modern Europe we shall find the models to be adopted in the solution of the questions which ariac im connection with the subject bere. On we cun- ag thia oify, both in ite toporraphy and in other charact difers from all other must it mecessartly citer in the character lopment. There are. however, gencral pertaining to markets wich have been Boston and Philadeipiia not withous and for ro pexpeve of understanain, iaited bot Uese cities, and through of the civil authorides was placed tn all the facts beating upon the suiject. BOSTON MARKETS, the question tarned upon the point of ing system into one of free mar- M Bhols erected by the city, 1 expense, should be ai of their property, with the expecta this method the consumer would have to pay lene, his food than under the preseat sys tem; put after a very thorough examination and a he several cities, the commitves re- rted the preponderance of testimony was in Kivor of allowing t) 6 system to remain noch, \. This is the samo as that of Now York. The city owns tho bulidings aud tie Stolis are rented vo the dealers. st PHELADMEPTTA MARKETS, In Phitadelphia the question wes In regard to a change of location. For maby years the market of Vuat ofty have been cited as motels of convenwonoe and cleaniiness, They were simply very low shecs, oooupying the contra! line of Market wtreof and ex. tending for many blocks, = This airort ia he witent | im we and fined on either side wi ware r houses, Hixpertsnoe vroved thet in the incrgysing WHA 1S REQUIRED IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 1 assume that the Pe markets resolves itgelf into the fuiMlment of the following conditions, Videi— ‘To furnish the people at Iaegs, St convenient 1008, tions, with an Aaciny supply Of the best quality of food at the lowest possibie rate; Now, to these ends we must have reference both to the producer and the consumer. The source of the supply must be and tne facility of trana- ies in Longe with the area ys demand, ‘the 8 3 Mecessarily. come from. posnts Gistant irom tte elty, and most of them come by water; therefore the principal market for acoumu- lation must, for conven! of transportation, be near the water. ion, As m Market is contiga- ous to the principal ferries, and as a great man! market wagons cross these that the Jocation of that ferries, it 18 su market should Yet there are a iat ef ae ett ae tw. This h are conss- was hat is now known as “uj above’ referred by ita but of & commerce which ia lutely oaks inthe least to presence, as surely ax tui which it embraces in its folds. It overrun without ig accommodations, erected u of the olden town, upon saturated with the refluxing science or skill can ever make it What tt ought to be, and, even were it in this respect unex jonable, it inust, from the circumstances of the , become a source of more and more commercial injury, OntH, like the upas tres, everytuing shail wither and die ih iis shade, But the establishment of u tome ferries removes the only argument for its wo remain where it is, The ground oecuy more valuable than a much larger area tn ® more convenient locality, both tor purchasers and con- sumers, A new building on the spot, or a rem ling of the old one, would interfere ‘mat the ast fully con- datly bi no matter how skit structed. The up-t streets and Saris being wider and more direct, the facilities of access woud be essentially tmproved. Again, the subject of the overcrowded sireets. in tne lower part of the city, which has for a number of years a muatter of deep convern to the whole commercial interest, wouid, in the removal of Wash- ington Market, cease to be u troublesome problem to discuss, since the one great cause of the overcrowa- ing thorouzhfares would no lounger exist, and only such trafic as is incident to ordinary commercial intercourse would require the use of the strects. ‘The location of a ferry at the foot of Twenty-third street, connecting that point directly with Jersey City, and the fact that there ts a large area of unve- cupied and available ground at that place, indicate it as.a suitable spot to which the great and increas- ing trafic of Washington Market should be removed. All the other markets are dwarfed into instgnif- cance when conipared with the business of this one. In fact this has me, irom the force of circum- stances, the great market of accumulation, or the wholesale market, Wille all the others are markets of distribution, or retail markets. There should of necessity be two wholesale marketa on either side, one, say, at Thirty-fourth street, while a large re- tail market can form the lower story of the build- ing _ pro; to be erected on Reservoir square for drill rooms. This is a | coined central location, and has a sudicient area to answer the demands for space for many years. In trath, it is useless to attempt any hail-way measures in a Imatter of 80 Inuch importance as this. It is not alone the necessities of the hour that should be pro- vided for, but tue great mass of human beings who during the next are to become the denizens of the inefropoils. e tendency of population ts towards the large centres of commerce and trade, while the natural increase is itself very rapid, and whatever action is now taken should be on a scale commensurate with the future greatness of the city. Any other course would be & waste of means for aa unaccomplished end, An brief, I will state as the result of my investiga- tions that the entire et arrangements through- out the city are inferior, insufficient, and unworthy of the name, and as a remedy. would recommend. 1. Tha) Weshington Meshes bessmoved a9. speediiy as pos sible Whos foot of Twenty-third street, North river. The de- sign (dr a new building to be located on this spot accompa- nies this report. It covers two blocks, between Twenty-third and Twenty-fifth streets and Eleventh avenue and the river. lots. Ta addition to for receiving blera anid the fon ‘The sale of the which is joned will bo than suiiicienut to complete tile 1a any roxpoct, while the revenues at the lowest calculation will @: more than quarter of « million per annum. The graphic sketen of W: ingion Market as tt is necda no comunents, ‘That Fulton Market be remodelled, the exterior wails alone remaining, and the whole to be covered with an aroigd trase roof lighted and ventilated fromabove. This space wi.) tint mv permanent inlon oa temporary trncte’" A made a ofa ry atrncture. 6 ir} n for nent also accompanies this That Fraukila Market be (aired. bold, as belug Bo lager re- TE That Gouverneur Market, including the space in front and a considerable area on each side of {t, now waste ground, be oid for the same ieason. b. That Chiuton Market havo an entire new building, the line of Canal aireet being so that ‘the market ina} form ane b ‘of two Thi womene rat, triangular pieces, This vig That Jefferson Market bo rebuilt, roperly arranged it to contain 400 cual ae 7. Tost a new be erected on the Reservoir for meats and luce. 10. ‘That all the staila shall be of « uniform throughout all (he markets, and be rented at a aifone p ee She losation of any tenant to be decided by lot. Under suck over all expenses and futerestas — These changes are all im it, and when ef- fected will serve the the 3 ae to come. Not many, however; greater facthites will in time be demanded, It is impossible to look back upon the rapid growth of this city, the mcrease of population and wealth, refined taste and muni- Avent liberality, without in the near future a magnificent city, valling im id leur all that have preceded it m ancient and modern times, The commerce ofthe world is Ondiug here its centre; the enter- Pp hi its gates, and a whole people, in all the ramifi- cations ‘ot their social, eonette and business rela- tions contribute in one way aud another to its grea ness. A Who, theu, can doubt its future? Aircady its architecture aspires to rival the best modols of tha past. Not the Parthenon of Atitens, nor the Pan- theon of Rome, not the Coliseum, nor St. Peter’ nor St. Pani’s, beneath whose be er a have passod the Imperial processions of a bygone civilization, are equal to these splendkl ‘conesytions whose colupned porticos, arches and domes will echo the tread*of the new civilization that ts to culminate on the spot we now inhavit. Surely in the light of that Gay, #0 rapidly approaching, we, who have suffered to exist so long those filhay shambies im our midst, mast Inevitably appear to have been deficient in those elements of intelligene> and refinement whick are the characteristics of @ truly civilized commu- u ulty. Kespectfully submitted, EGBERT L. VIRLE. Naw Youk, Feb, 10, 1869, WESTERN NEW YORK. Stare Normal School Buildings Completed— Forming Laude=Applieants for Office Under Grant. Brockrorr, Niagara County, Feb. 12, 1809, ‘The State Normal School buildings ‘have recently been completed at this villege, at a cost of about $75,000. There are now about 600 pupils in attend- ance, Good farms aro selling in this scction at from - $90 to $126 an acre. There are many sales, the farm. ere following the “Star of Empire.” _ Fach county has one or more applicants for promi- noat offiees under General Grant. Monroe county presents D, D. 8. Brown, of Rochester, for Marsiat of Northera New York; Orleans county, Ben Field, of Albion, for Surveyor of New York; Bufiaio, A. M. Ciapp, for Naval cer of New York; and uiso ex-Canal Comintasioner — for a good ap- Oe Teneyy of tl the yohester Bxpre i a ol a8, Wi un- U estroinsed Collector of futetnel neve S&P. Allen, Bx-Speaker Vitis wii succeed John W. Graves as Assoasor of la- venue. MAINE. raat A New Railroad Projese=The Ioe Harvest on the Fall Rivor. Bippevory, Feb. 15, 1960, The two cities of Biddeford and gaco, are now agitating the subject of bulking a railroad up the vailey of the Saco river, tapping the Portiona and Rochester aad the Portland and Ogdons) a. roads, A charter has been applied for and witi ; be py be ranted this week. Linerick, an inte own in Ua he same coudty, has unanimousty vote. io joan five por cont of its Valuation la aid Of tia pro weed road, "% Targe butitioss t8 now being done on ti4 Saco river at the present time, in harvesting toa, which is equal to any in the worid, the waler being capecially adapted iu purity (ur tue purvese,