The New York Herald Newspaper, January 9, 1869, Page 4

4 os BUROP a communications which we present to-day from the Henaup’s special correspondents iu Cadiz and Constantinople are unusually interesting. The qivid and graphic description of the revoit of the insurrectionists at Cadiz, and the causes which gave rise to their revolt, is 9 full and impartial review of the whoie situation, and contatns food for reflection to all interesiod in the great internal struggle now going on in the Spanish nation. It moreover throws new light upon the Cadiz revolt, and will tend to change the impression as to the complexion of the recent outbreak. From our Constantinople corres- pondent we are enabled to point out some of the reforms which have lately been introduced into the management of afalrs on the island of Candia by the government of the Sultan, Taking Mto-con- sideration the present unsettled condition in Lurope, the two! ch we publish will be found of more than ordinary interest, SPAIN The Spauish Peo} i Particulars of the Late Revolt se True Cause of the Rising Insurgents and italian War Vessels. ‘The Provisional government bas finaily achieved a success. All its previous eiforts to the World that it poss ny capacity have becn signal fail- urea, and it is due toa selfelected body to frankiy acknowledze tat one of its careiully proposed schemes turned out pretty nearly as it anticipated. The petty coup a? lat which Cadiz has just wit- nessed should be chronicled asa tolerable succe A heroic and nobie population, possessing a higher idea of liberty than aoy other in Spain, has been provoked by the most studied outrages and msults to take up arms against a seif-appointed and lawless govern- ment at Madrid and to attempt to vindicate some of the rights gua ‘antecd by a movement initiated and successfully carried on by tts powerful assistance. ‘The people of Cadiz have been intentionally driven by the government at Madrid into a revolution, and they have becn overpowered after one of the most gallant ana creditable fights that a people who would be free could offer. The conflict was brought on by the governinent with as much premeditation as it gives t) any act, merely for the purpose ge crushing and then disarming the people, The scheme was successful, and we must give the government credit for what it has done. ‘he great commercial me- sropolis of Spain now lies a captive to the ambitious and déifish clique that for the moment rules Spain. The first step of the goverment in the line of policy it has adopted has beea so well carried out that we may expect to witness others of a more Startling n: ‘e. There is notbing so encouraging As success, and no government ever felt more gra- tifled than the present of Spain at the result in Cadiz, One ol the strongest republican populations of the country ven effectually put ander foot, and the goverament may now anticipate less ob- Btacles in the v of its policy than it has yet met. ‘It has gamed a orary advaniage, but with what Joss of blood and honor! The Oght in the streets of Cadiz in the early days of © ber will weigh heavily against the administration at Mad- rid, whe the people -make their final and not distant reckoning. The splendid defence of the Andaiusian patriots against the tyrannical oppression of the military freemen of the country will surely bear its legiti- Mate frutts hereafter aud advance the cause of lib- erty. Patriots’ biood ts rarely spent in vain, and we May reasonably hope that thar spilied behind the ‘varricades here will not have been wasted. rnment journals of Spain and the tele- cies, which derive their inspiration from graph ag: the government, have so systematically falsified the history of the occurrences in Cadiz ten days tha! itis necessary to ¢ count of what was propery calle order tha act positi f Madrid ¢ ment Inay be seen 1 The Ma press has completely ou 4a stupe a3 Mendacity in giving iAteliigeace of the Cadiz ated Ape ventas of ihe journais are edited by ns holding gifice, and they merety echo the Sentimepis and views of the provisional govern- mo A few democratic papers are tolerabiy hon- gst, but the others are unworthy of belief. if any one doubrs ‘his statement let him goto Madrid and read accounts of passing events when they refer in any way to te government and then ascertata what really did take piace and he will soon see that the lement of trath is the least attended to by Spanish journalists. in (he preseut case all the govermental journals announced that the Cadiz outvreak was occasioned by so.diers bound for Cuba, prisoners re- leased from jail aud disbanded rural guards, ex- cited to action by the republicans. No ex- cuse was suggested for the rising except that it was for lawless purposes—for gain or some other unworthy motive. ‘ihe news agencies speedily spread the intelligence, and the people of Spain were made to beueve—what the government knew to de utterly and bascly faise—that the distarbauces am Cadiz were the work of released convicts and dis- satisfied soiliers, thas reducing the rising to a petty struggle for ludividual liberty. The freedom loving people did not learn and do not now generally know tat the three days’ Hght im Cadiz bad a deeper and ler significance. ‘Ihey will learn it too late, I and will fod that the citizeus of Cadiz stood with arms in their hands to repuise the arse by in encroachinent on thelr liberties guaranteed a famous prociamation that was signed u Bye of Cadiz. Naturaliy enough the Slique in Maaejd 1s desirous of circulating uofavora- bie reporis in osjer to better carry out their pur- poses, [tis not nm u Should echo them, and so I wil in this lett Pogrr ect account of the causes that produced the revolution bere, ang the incidents connected with 16. “iy We Cadiz has its political sénti- ee i Bo weed t battled tor and ‘Brescrved ita freedom obi foreign and dothestic foes. Was always noted ior tts i and teuacity, aud was always a° tue head of beral moveineuts, It Was bere that the Jast revo- lution was inaugurated, Its citizens are eager to arms, aud to forth thé guard of tue city. Most republican in sentimelity ley are is of monarchy or dfecators, at ie ‘4 States ad a model to Qny other ed by the hations of the world. Ccareful jan’ they preferred to coustivute theu- public defence rather than to entrust it aud selves to hireling soldiery, which could be made to do anything (or a few daros, It fs for this reason that they have perfected their military orgsnizations and Taade thetnse!ves acquainted with ‘oe drill. inthe simple ontiorm of the National Volunteers they have guarded the city and protected the oMcials wituoat on a single occasion laying themselves open to tne unfriendiy criticista of the reactionisia. They had never doue anything to induce apy reasonabie man to believe that ‘uey were dangerous to che peace and safety of the community. Their onty ofenve in the eyes of the provisional goverument was that they proposed to keep their arms and not to expose themselves to the love of liberty or of @ny rights at the beck and nod of the Madrid om- Cals, ‘Tual was their sole offence, aud fur that they must suffer. The Ors: attempt at removing the soie obstacle to the plans of the government was tude at Puerto Saute Maria, on the other side of the bay, wrere the Military Governor issued an order competing to surrender thelr arms within a fow event of non. ral compliance. disarinaine quiet but fir re: sent to this ety fo was killed and others wound they turn their arms to the seidicrs. Then the fpread abroad and the people took up ui and acted w. without arms. ligence question onsiderable Vigor, but wntorvunately At ail events they jmpressed the military chieftain with an idva that they were abont to make trowois, and he at once, vith o poipttancy tnat characterizes smali men, deciared the town ta a state of siege and begged for more reinforcements from Cadiz, All this oocurred on Friday, the 4t of December, and meanwhile Cudis perfectly quiet. Om the following day, urday, the 6th, two companies were ordered to prepare bere for embarkation for i Santa Marla. ‘Ine miiltla here were on that day not per- forming povilc duty at all, They were engaged in their usual ations, leaving their arms at home, There Was not the slightest disturbance whatever, All was gict nad cofal, When Geueral Peralta, Military Governor, threw ‘out @ firebrand, by orders from Madrid, in the shape of a banda or prociametion cally pon ie m lithe aot all citizens to surrender their freariis within three hours after the summons, which was made by trampeters and drummers, as inthe olden style. The summons was made public at half-pest two os when = Je TY ase sing ere engaged a or that the governnens intended to disarm the National Guards and Ne uke bata on WO and was we every one In the om before the Military Gow Would get around. The effect was rose a3 one man ant Weis ower Gh Toot ogsinet tieat move ON foot ogainst Hocruess c and that mney, would not give way to the Jnsolent demands of Without a straggie. ‘The sirects wt ernor dreavwed it were v Toi bv meer tn | ited men running to thetr for thetr arms snd equipendusa oF ‘nd hasteu- ing to the rendezvous for further com- motion became 80 in half an hour the shopkeepers began to close yg urrted to their because lor & revolution anda republic. ‘The people were bever more excited. The demand for the surren- der of arms was the last straw of a bundle of wrongs they had endured and patience could go no further. There was @ universal desire to do sometl to show the imbeciles at Madrid that the Andalusians could not be made mere puppets of, and the result showed that toeir demonstration was not lost on the powers that be. Many of the militia, and perhaps tost of them, rushed, arms tn hand, to the City 1, opposite the Puerto del Mar, on the large plaza, San Juan de Dios, ‘The City Hall was, Of course, at once taken possession of, and then par ties were sent out to hold other places, About this time fring oceurre’ between the mititia and soldiers, but what the result was, and which side beran it, 18 quite nupossible to state. No one seems to know aaything about it, At all events, there was quile a rattle of musketry, when, at about three o'clock, an oificer “with two orderlies rode into the Plaza Sau Juan de Dios from the bar- racks Of Saint Heiena, where an infantry battalion Was quartered, ‘The moment they came into the plaza there was a discharge of musketry and the oficer and his two men fell from thelr horses pierced with bails. The horses galloped off without thelr riders and broug up somewhere or other where they wil probabiy do service. A short time after this occurrence a group of militia met a company of artillerists and fre was ed on both sides. The soldiers stood their ground and made a good fight, butthe militia imcreased very soon to such pumbers th they were compelled to fall back under a disuitory fre that did some damage, this time the inte Way Into the most seci _ ‘Tiose who beonged in the streets, armed and fully prepare for any emergency, 2nd many citizens who did not belong on saliled forth, with atl sorts of their place wherever they could ‘The oops were being concen- C time at the Donana, or Custom House, which serves at the same time as the head- quarters of the Miltary Governor. ‘The Carbineros, Guarda Civiles snd regular troops soon began to gather on the Murailla, about the Custom House, and mn it, occupying the second and third stories and firing on ax) ff armed citizens below. Th latter. abhor hig se 1% He contest became quite active, nde pepper- ing away like good fellows, and the citiens losi most heaviiy. The militia, which occupied the City all, Kept up a lively fre on the soldiers at the aud on the ramparts, or murailla, seagate which was resolutely returned, Here tne soldiers suffered the most, a3 the militia were tolerably well protected. As the evening drew on the fight be- came general at all these central polnis, a great deal of noise being made and very littie damage being done, except to the inpocent lookers on, who caught # sharply if they ventured to put their Beach = = Hongo Lect the popeonryed ‘is xy nightfall the people began to erect barricades in ‘all the streets le to fe positions occupied by the troops. e ues ~ OF pavement gave the volunteers great facility for trying on their labors. Most of the streets of Cadiz a Nery perros and are pever with the Belgian aveineat. gis blocks of stone were pulled up very readily, dad ptiéd across the streets ina very short time. The barricades, for the first night, were temporary affaira, quickly raised, and quite satisfactory shelter against musketry. The fight con- tinued until eleven o'clock at night, when it ceased, both stdes de ig rest. Sentinels were posted on either side, and the most intensé vigilance observed. Among the volunteers the cry of “alerta’’ was heard every few moments, passing from mouih to mouth down the streets. The soldiers juite as vigilant. An hot, which echoed through the streets, served to snow the contestants that both sides were awake, while it sent @ fearful shiver through the trembling frames of all non-combatants who were vainly seeking to gain a little sleep amid the oxeke ment and novelty of the night. The following Mord- ing the fight began brisker and hotter than ever in front of the City Hali age on the street leading to the Custom House, a thir of @ mile distant from the volunteers’ headquarters. During the day sinall de- tachments of civil guards or carabineros sallied forth and atiempted to penetrate into the city. They were always driven back with loss, and they fually gave up the vain attempt to effect a diversion. In the afternoon at five o'clock a battalion of caza- dores of Madrid arrived from Ceuta, in Africa, and relieved the artiilerists at the Custom House, The latter marched off and took posts to guard the zines, storehouses, forts, &c. The cazadores being fresh men attempted to distinguish themselves by an attack on®ue City Hall to route the volunteers, and in the attempt tney got cut up very badiy and left the streets and square strewn with their dead and wounded, ‘They beat @ retreat as soon a0 post. bie, and when they returned to the Custom House they began to pile up barricades with bales of cot- ton, packages of goods, &c., from the Custom House storerooms, They then laid behind their works and waited for a charge, which they dreaded. Before dark the troops had brought out two or three six-pounders, and opened fire with grape, can- ister and shrapnel on the City Hall. This did but little damage to the volunteers. The artillerists lost eighteen men before they fred the firat shot, and one semen terribly from the sharpshoot- ers’ fre. Volunteers, by some means or other, got down from their fortilications a twenty-four pounder, with which they returned the fire and did considerable damage, ir missiles consisted of nails, bolts, aa’s, broken crockery and tiles, pewter spoons, broken up for the purpose, and, in short, anything bard that couid be put in the gon. Thus ith no great 5 the fiyht went on all night long, but wit ‘ote Ang. wes desuitery a 8 wi lesuitery during the ni just enough to kéep every one awake and Sarva, Ion Monday morning the contest was renewed; the militia, having gajned confidence in themseiv: stowed great pluck and dash. Young fellows woul jump on the top of their barricades, deliberately fire their pieces, and then survey the other side to see what damage had been done, and after savisfyt themselves on that point would fall back again an load up for another discharge. The pluck, cool- ness and pervect steadiness of the volunteers Was @ subject of much remark among the sol- diers, who seemed to know better how to fight. During Monday new barricades were erec! of a heavier and more substantial character as againat artillery. Some were built ten feet high and five or six feet thick, with loopholes for muaketry, banquet and all the improvements and comforts of a@ modern fieldwork. The artillery was very lively on tis day anda good deal of age was done. ‘The fighting was heavier than ever and so were the losses. Shots were flying in every street, from every place and in al! sorts of curious ways. No matter where you showed yourself you were saluted by a musket or revolver ball, from sides, aad some- times by ‘K3 oF ites from the housetops. The — an exceedingly interesting one to all con- JR ld to the eral terror and confusion a SpihieT vorverte dropped down off the City Hall, anchored with springs on her cables and began the pleasing eXercise of throwing shells into the town, without having given the previous notice which 18 demanded on such sportive occasions. She had fred four or ve sitells, and bad killed two or three innocent people, among whom was an American seaman, & non-combatant, who thought he had found shelter for the ume revolution lasted, but who was torn to pieces by a shell, when the com- manders of the French Italian frigates in port pesto ed ane ler = vane aad notified him suc 8 prosoed en! ir Teguiar, and contrary to ‘aws of uations. On this the naval officer suspended his fire, and waa not heard from again thereafter. During the contest the streets were entirely de- serted except by the combatauta and the servants, Who dashed about attendiag to their marketing, Which Was ratuer aignt, perfectly assured of their safety, when they heard the whiz of @ masket ball, by deawing their shawl over their head and aurry- ing on. As long as they did not hear the shot they consid i er 4c ves perfectly sae, and many of ile oe wounded by relying too much oa the protection of a shawi over their eara. They were a cood Gea like the ostrich ip tims matter. On the secon! aay of the fight 30,000 le left town im the greatest hurry and rushed for the neighboring towur. They Pe hittie baggage and manus: have saffered great The gentle cavadoros of Madrid took possesaton of such property as they could find in thetr territory and sequestrated ‘They are tr nd scoundrels, 1 ai a0 *y committed the only ex- cesses that ae to light during the revolution. Their African aud early education Was evideutiv not uegiceted. ” THE EASTERN QUESTION. ‘The Turkish Ultimatem and Its Intentions Dewnnds of the Sultam and the Denials of the KingOttoman Reforms in Crote=The Use of Petroloum In the Mosques. CONSTANTINOPLE, Dec, 11, 1868, Since the last excitement caused by the sudden and alarming announcement of an immediate rup- ture of relations between the Athens Cabinet and the Porte, coupled with the decision of t Snitan to carry tuto effect ineasures of 80 Vigorous @ nature as would almost inevitably lead to war between the (wo governments, has somewhat abated, and the population of the capital, finding the departure of M. Deliyanni deferred for.a few days, are more qudetiy aweiting the result in the expectation that the “pro- testing Powers” wiil, in the interests of both their wards aa well a8 of all Nurope, interfere to prevent the actual breaking out of hostilities, In the meantime the Porte is fully determined not to abate a jot or ute of lie demands, which have been already known for some days at Athens, while the Greek Ministry unhesitatiagly décided to reject the de- mands of the Porte and persist in the course it has hitherto pursued without regard to consequences, The Sultan demands that the blockade runner Erosis shall no longer be permitted to transport men and munitions from Syra to Crete, King George replies, catch her if you can anywhere out of Greck waters and she is «lawful prize. The Sultan com- plains that large numbers of Greek soldiers are pre- paring to embark for Crete, and calis upon the gov- ernment to prevent tt. King George replies that discharwed soldiers become vrivate citizcas, and a constitutional government has no power to prevent {ts stibjects from leaving the country and going whére they like, The Sultan demandé that the refugees from Crete now in Grecce, who may be de- ‘slrous of returning home, may be permitted freely to depart. The King denies that any obstacle is placed in the way of their departure by the authorities; but that if some are deterred from embarking it 1s through the influence, gentle or forcibic, of some of their own neighbors and compatriots, who are not @greed with that portion of their former adherents as to the policy of returning to Crete. In order that your readers may better understand the measures adopted by the Ottoman government during the past year for the purpose of pacifying its rebellious subjects in Crete, and the incidents which have led to the present dispute, which has so sud- dently artsen, between the two governments, [ will bricfly recount some of the facts conaccted with the Cretan rebellion during the past year. Since the arrival of the Grand Vizier 1 the island in September, 1867, the Porte has followed the same plan for the suppression of the disturbances in Crete as was so successfully carried out a few years since in Montenegro, which was for long tine in a state of chronic insurrection against the authority of the sulian, Ali Pacha commenced the work of pacification by declaring an amnesty to all the in- surgents who wouid subinit within # limited period, which step he followed up by @ thorough reorganiza- ton of ihe laws for the government of the nd, reducing the taxes appointed Christian -sub-gov- ernors in those districts chiefly inhatited by Chris- ttans. ‘This done, his tytenijon was to complete the work by the adoption of the move stringent policy, whieh consisted in cutting roads through the dis- turbed districts, fanked by blockhouses placed at regular iatervals, in each of which a small party of troops were stailoned to act as a potice for the pro- tection of the adjacent country. ‘These b ockhouses weresurrounded by trenches, 89 that a small force was enabled todefend and keep order over a wide extent of territory without being in danger of being driven irom their position, even if attacked by a much superior force. By steadily piirsuing this plan the disturbed districts were being gradually and effectually occupted by the imperial troops, and the spade and pickaxe were fast driving the insur- fonts to their iast strongholds and hiding places, In é Meantime large uumbers of the latter had given ir submission and united with the peaceable por- on of the inhabitants of the isiand in efforts to re- new the cultivation of their lands, and, during the autumn, in harvesti he abuncant crop of olives, their a Seeeteniocte nada this ear He Tue Sould be found fo works ho had ae core tl ‘ Teturned to Leo peace! crea Ww e naturally anxious for thet iM o Aire m, the latter in most cases hat nm exiled by the provisional government to Greece in order to secure them from the dangers to which they would have been exposed i pe contest. Having no means to accomplisit thi a by themselves, in the face of the intrigues, cajolery forcible oppostion resorted to by the Cretan com- mittee to prevent a retrograde movement, so preju- dicial to thelr cause, these repentant subjects of the Sultan ressed a petition to his Majesty some months since, which has been seconded by ous others presented to the authorities. aa government aid to reconvey theit families to their homes, The Sultan accordingly crdered that every facility should be extended to the islanders who were destrons of returning, and Photiades Bey, Ottoman Minister at Athens, was commissioned to take the necessary measures for carrying this order into effect, the requisite funds being provided from the Sultan’s privy purse, Several thousands of the em- numer- he grants Tavs res et | the eeaan ana eu umn in res: they ‘aping the obstacles thrown i Bn way by the eYhamittoe, and, availing themselves of the facilities offered, have Pano ey home by the Austrian steamer plying to re The demands ior passage to Crete having lal increased of lato, omens were given for the beens of two French steamers, to be exclusively employed if this charitable work until all who desire should again be returned to their nati foil. When the Cretan committee saw the movelnent becoming 80 popular that large numbers of the refugees were hastening to avail themselves of the imperia! bounty they feit that the last plank that had sustained the insurrection was sinking under them and deter- mined to make 4 last desperate effort to save their cause, and te recent reports frqm the Turkish Min- inte at Athens 8! hb what resul ear the southeast nly about fourteen miles from Crete, near enough for the volufiteers to be discover the signal fires of the insurgenit Gt when- the coast Is clear they can effect a landing in a hours. The Porte, thas finding that the moder- até and humane policy to which it hag recently ad- hered with so much fence fal | thus }hreatenea to result in on of last Week the Sultan convened @ council of Ministers, which it was unanimonely decided to hold the Gree! bopteep ge responsible for the aid and counteaance it has so long extended to the rection, and which has so juently been the s. of remon- strance and on the part of the Suitan’s aa tee Q nung apeipirowed ens and giving anni his pass- ie ata at Greek. spe and’ expel all em: reel an ects m the empire wit! k—a decision which was tmm| that the Cretan ees Were prevent barking for their native island by the ee by him at their di ito. Sul jowever, Sree ee ation of treaty Powers the Poi induced to carry these ineasures in! hot hay shoal have sent to the Cabinet, with five days’ a jelay, to give timé for reflection before re- iotia ene dem: by this nieinastnye b for their departure; or {his ems ‘walv altogether as not’ consistent with fhe pit and customs of the ": bette effect of ert lle in case of war thé exiles woul Gagkrly in the Greek thas rpey, esrwees. the force of the —— what r of the defiant josition of the government there on afte soluth existing 4iMcu! na tho laf 4 “4 to one and the ined iy t Placed at the disposition of Photiaiey Der, Re e3 cr dail to arrive here ta’ Ath ome, 7. rs nay potato gene 9 Minis. may their 0 ro 8 no Goube thas teey ve bO. ston | Greece, and that they will redoybie th foment insurrection among the Christian of the empire and the Princt; reine reopen the Eastern question, ig, any fa settle. will involve 6 revision ha rd dan bees Position tp the Ng Sea than held even before the — France also wants war, but the Emperor it I ee eens Soc aan bs Bast te wil ore long bo echoed | tions for active operations Greece, by land and sea, tue blockading "eet, wil a Wilces aire wie anaes. jon! oa a what I know of his adventurous character, I think he will not hesitate to follow her into Greek waters. The fleet of five iron-clads is also being got for sea as rapidly as Omer Pacha is ordered, talions of infantry, to proceed into Thessaly, affairs continue to move much longer (withoat out side interference) in their present chant his “4 meeting the yy len. pean and American confederates have not yet ar- ‘rived, but are datly expected. Puad Pacha was last at Florence, much improved in health, and it is probable that if the present criti- cal state of affairs is followed by a war he will re- turn to his post,even at the risk of provoking a relapse. One of the mosques having been lighted with petroleum on the occasion of the fte of Bera; waich occurs fifteen days before Ramazan, the resul ‘was #0 satisfactory that olive oll is to be discarded in favor of ite youthfal competitor during the month of Ramazan, which commences a few days hence. It 9 estimated that 60,000 cases will be required for {ee consumption of the mosques alone during the ate. GERMANY. Bismarck and Beust—Aastrinn Infaence in the Eastern Difficulty—Disinclination of the People of Wurtemburg to Join the Northern ConfederationThe Bourse. FRankrort, Der, 16, 1963. ‘There cannot be longer any doubt thot in political intrigues or diplomatic skill Beust hae recently got the better of Bismarck. It becomes menifest by the spiteful language of the Prussian semtoficial press. Just as before the war of 1866, they impeach Austria before public opinion for harboring varlike inten- tions; still the same game cannot sucmed twice. It appears that Beust has crossed the sana of Bis- marck in Roumania by stating in thy Reichsrath that the whole country was one great arsenal; that thereby he called the attention of te Western Powers to this disturbing element; hat by their interference the Bratiano ministry vas dismissed and this thorn tn the side of Austria emoved. It is quite possible that Bratiano’s recent satement, that Napoleon has been aware of the larg: transporte of muskets from Prussia to Roumania, istrae; but then the French Emperor has only plared @ trick to Prussia to leave her in the muddlg whenever the secret should transpire. Another plea against Austria is that she had in- cited the Sultan to proffer his recent demands on Greece. This shows a deplorable want of morality CE AGT a. on the part of a government so jealous of its. authority as that of Prussia, The government of Turkey—recognized by recent treaties as a legiti- mate government—has been exposed for years to the insults and the inroads of Greok freebooters, with the connivance and assistance of the Greck government, and when it summons Greece to ab- stain from such clandestine warfare Austria will be at the bottom of such unexplained demand. The Prussian government press, haying allt that England and france have remonstrated with Aus- tria to restrict her zeal for the Turk, the Wiener Abendpos:, the oficial organ of the Austrian gov- ernment, gives them the direct He and states that no communication to that eifect has been received from the Western Powers; in fact, they act in com- mon against the iawless conduct of Greece, which, if not protected by the three Powers who tad- vertently took that burden on their shoulders, would not dare to provoke continually her stronger neighbor. ‘The truth is that Austria wants peace, to complete the new organization of the State, and that Prussia wants to fish in troubled waters. It is not in the least probable that the aisap- pointment shown by the Prussian papers will lead to serious consequences; but still they are a symptom of the times, To-day a communication has been made to the Badish Chambers, that natives of Raden, residing in Prussia, may liberate themselves of their military duties by serving in the Prussian army, and, vice versa, Prussians in the Badish army. ‘This first step to annexation to the Northern Bund may lead to reclamation gn the part of France, Speaking of Baden, a loophole has been discovered in the recent treaty about exploding projectiles soninded it St, Petersburg. lt ig stated heroin at, aliould any State which has dot jomed thé contracting parties “take + in a war,” the treaty shall be null and void. Now, it happens that Baden an Roumania, both stout allies of Prussia, are not par- ties to the treaty; it remains therefore with Prussia to evade her phuigatione under this plea and to Vises pare everything for such an emergency, while other governments are bound by their signatures. Of course she will be prevented in good time from playing this trick. a8 people of woe are not. ty UA inclined to join forthern Cox ahd to get into the of Prussia He Chtipers aa Beareciy an a 3 Was proposed e Kin; fitfoning him to tnaintatn ihe independence OF tie country and not to enter into new conventions with Pri which would make Wurtemburg an unwil- ling ment in her hands. They advise the Kin; to extend their liberties and thereby to win their af- fections, when they will stick to him tn all emernen: cies, The Chambers will no doubt adopt this address and thereby show thas sympathies with Prussia are on the decline in this country. In Bavaria the Court is anti-Prussian; but the people are wavering and there ig a strong Prussian party in that country. B ee @ state of excitoment In col e) The bear pee very active in de} in which it partly succeeded, as buyers re aloof as long as no settlement has been arrived Contradictory te influence the markets, Austrian fands and shares have been apd ted, wilie Americans maintain their price; still, business in them is restricted, as speculators do not deal 4 such stocks, which give them no chance. The premlttit on gold showing no movement on either side prices vary here soageet & per cen Bod if it were not for those trapeag 3 or eel ing 1882 railroad bonds, against those of 1385 an , there would be almost nothing, doing, The former numerous transac- tions for the call on a fixed day have ceased alto- ar 48 @ talk on ’Change about a conver- intended of five per cent, payable in yndon and here, against six per cent; this would prove a totai failure, as our people here prefer bonds ayable at New York, as the coupons, when due, can 2 readily sold et the rate of the day, which scarcely shows an alteration of 34 per cent. Itis the high- est interest of the United States finance that this continuous talk about conversion should cease, as only the projectors and their agents could make a profit thereby. P. S.—The Bourse is inanimate to-day. Americans, 78% for cash. AUSTRIA. The Emperor and the Militin—Appointment of a Now Cdtnmander—Closing of the Diet— Speech of the King=The Hungarian Budget for 1869. Pesta, Dec, 12, 1968, We have had an exciting time of it here of late. Political events of @ than ordinary siguificunce have followed each otlier in rapid succession end kept the public mind on the qui vive, Immediately after tho canctioning by the monarch of the Army ee Militia bill for the whole émp{fe Fraacis Joseph issued an order of the day in reference to this event, Th this manifesto he takes occasion to declare that dualiam *4] brought the empire back to that his- torical bi on which it rested in times when it suc- cessfully withstood the severest trials and gained brilliant victories. My army has thereby won a con- federate which will powerfully support it ih good and evil fortune.” ‘The manifesto also especially mentioned the militia as acomplementary part of the system of defense and as serving purposes similar to those of the regu- lararmy. The manifesto of the sovereign was dated on the Sth. On the same day Francia Joseph ap- pointed the Archduke Joseph to be commander in chief of the militia (Landwehr) of Huagary and its annexes. The Archduke Joseph is the son of the last Palatine of Hungary, the grchduke Stephen, and tn- fgmuch as the last Palatine left pleasant reminis- cences of his rule behind him, Hungarian public opinion was pleased with the selection of his sou to Mi the post named above. On the day after the pubiica- fe of these orders Colonel Ivanka (ex-colone! of the lonveds of 1849) rose from his seat in the Diet and his satisfaction at tue sanctioning of the santa law, declared that the last germ of mistrust had vanished from his mind and also averred, ia the name of the Central Committee of the Honveds, that the Honveds of 1848 apd 1819 would henceforth be ready to devote their lives and strength to the de- fence “of the country, the laws and the throne.” speech was greeted with great enth' oe ee age Eg hia journal, gave ent to mestias sentiments, the same day a deputation ot lonveds went to @ Visit to Frantis Joseph in the Castle. lonel Horvath repeated, the resence of the Monarch, almost what Colonei was saying in the Diet, The speech of hl a appropriately responded to by Pion the bt Bert the Diet was dissolved, uence of ration of three years’ term ay which ®) th of feeling and depth to ni and The for the th an only be buppy when’ the on when +f presides: are happy, the mind and feelings of reign himself. I subjoin a transiation of the principal passages of this remarkable royal speech:— My Loups Axv HoxORADL® GENTLEMEN—The activity of this Legislature terminates to-day, and we were desirour ta our owe person to close the press let, whose fruitful at he tbout precedent in the many centuries of Hun- rs To the mi ree to the sointion of = t was our common alm and eifort to, settle all thoes q nut for ve emanated {of earnest and gloomy ciroumstances we sum- tions which have been not merely of Inte yea turles, (he source of mistrust, stagnation aid di ‘And athough the prejudices . power ot chatom, the fealousy nourished by events ani tho feoring antagonism o/ interent Increased the dificultios of he situation, yet in apite hapa solving the di‘tieuit problem. dumph has been brought about by the slacere co- operation between the King and the nation. To this Diet the honor belongs of having uncertainty of the poiltical situation wh! inactivity the nob! of the nation. Tn piace oF the pattical diferences ‘between the two halves empire, the relations of mutual (rlendship and reapect prangup. 9°" * The monarchy seeking and bndlog ire 18 Hes etre forward with renewed power in the goal of whteh is peace onperity, bu the same time the conservation of that. posttion which tia is mission to take among the States of Europe. irce from whieh the evils of the past la and over it there rears ftaslf the enduring iment of Iingarian lovalty, patriotiam and moderation ‘already inscribed a long eeries of great 4 benetictal resuite. of all this we have succeeded {a put an end to that ich condemned to the bie! ty 8 Of Ki and we cherish the conviction that pecedy not beon weakened, but merely won back \d power. «"Pehetrated by this conviction we have in our relations with foreign powers fixed the title of our monarchy #0 aa to cor- Fespond with ite internal constitution aud ite determining Pash review the moat impor- by the late Diet. He alludes, first ‘lement with Croatia a id Slavonia; . the ‘On the law ate nation- acts passed. and Militia act and lar education, for grunting equal justice to the subordtn ante of Hungary he ad: The, principle of of tights, the benente of whieh the cit! the already enjoyed in the poten) and ates hare alo crtesaed tothe gio toth: erercive of wi Loxvended tbe to the i eitizena, who, until wae the ‘Ut not the benefiis of tho ‘The interconfersional laws, the law reforms, the forms, the railroad extension policy of the are successively touched upon. The King jon of his speech with the follow- work has been! oxecuted DI in wa the onviotion that te to #0 short a uee of 1 ih wa Xpense, is any peat i \t og wil in Di rman vy z p De ay if certai peat in > rope ‘ lated id In consoq' Span di jected. 7 Teo, the Mjnister ‘peroration, in if Aa ing rengtl a riions, the acti re 7 id the to be passed reat tank. Sona fi ant, thy 4 seek pert ne, ade stam| ancient atroct ge ny particulars ating {From the developed yeste: tmooit tora, Young ho: ring tl aye on the and ot po | coolbens hed i | ona be deemed. nine ¢ | tenth Yesterday om with The K He was fume to NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1869.—TRIPLE SHEET. pass such beneficial o of the country is di same to the whole nation, which, with po- littcal tact it gave you eupp the enactment of those ly {mportant measures which we ‘have sanctioned by virtue of our Avy May the Almi continue to uphoi sincere harmony ‘not only to immense results in affairs, but which has bound together ruler and people in the bonds of affection and confidence and has in it plain to us IRR eo # perplocenn only & when they alao The Right side of the Diet—those who have sup- ported and carried through the settlement with Aus- ey Dot separate without a demonstration, ‘hen they had assembled in the club which bears the uame of their great leader, Franz Deak, the late Speaker ofthe House of Deputies, M. Somsich paid a splendid tribute of gratitude to Franz Deak’s wis- dom and unselfish pants spirit, He said, also, that lindest party spirit could deny the advantages Hungary had gained by and since “God grant that neither unrefiect- ity nor base ambition, nor baser envy, nor the impersonal Cael of party ‘hnatred will ever succeed in endangering these gains!”* At the end of Somsich’s enthusiastic panegy the members of the club crowded round Deak and embraced bim or shook him by the hand with real Hungarian warmth. Deak then made a parting hae He said that his conscience justitied him in the advice he had given to his nation, and whatever the verdict of the nation might be at the forthcoming genera: election the approval of his ow; rae Co would not desert him, He continued:—If these elections were always the result of calm reflection, then [should have no fear but that they, a3 well as my conscience, would justify our conduct; but public opinion can often be misled through want of political training. Be it our duty, therefore, to el ten this a oes opinion, to counteract all mis- leading excitations, let them come from what quar- ter they may, for these obscure truth’s purity.’ He then exhorted them to work hard for victory at the ensuing elections, and to strive as if the success of the and their mgpcpte depended on their individuat exertions, The elections will take place in April next. ‘he Hu ‘ian Budget debaw Diet before it closed. The Sree NS ct got ech e 5 I, 5 fforiasy the vevened te hel dawn at 12,780,808 o- le 1 this deficit will be settled by for 1869 was voted without mins. ‘There is, half of the empire of and means of covering the next Diet. The court will leave Ofen ‘or Vienna shortly before Christmas. ENGLAND Shall tho British Cede Gibraltar, (From the London Times, Dec. 22.) The following communication appeared in the Times on the above date, and as the subject, no doubt, will be revived at a coming period, the views of one who occupied the position of Captain of the Port of Gibraltar for ten years may be read with some degree of interest at the'present time:— In a letter published by one of your contempora- ries on We ay last, on the sul of the cession of Gibraltar, there is the following paragraph. It is proposed in some of the Spanish that we should rentora Gibraltar to Spain and receive by way of equi- valent. ‘The absurdity of the proposition is too palpable to call for comment, So far from considering this propdsal an absurdity it is now many years since I first alvocated this so- lution of @ difficult question, and Lhave written to members of both the last and present governments to urge its ‘adoption. I was for tenyears Captain of the Port of Gibraltar, and do not, ‘therefore, address you without at least naving had a: opportunit, of formtng an opinion; and whie on the spot 1 brought my view of the case under the consideration of the late Admirals Sir Charles Japter and Sir R, Dundas, both of whom entirely coacurred with me. I have never heard any reason given a it the ex- change, except the old stock arguments of its being a ivgs to our prestige and that the country would not consent to tr; Bas the country ever regretted giving up Cor : Z But to take up as littl of your qpacé as poasible T will in a few lines give my principal reasons. Adinitting, as I do, that some part at the entrance of the Mediterranean 1s @ necessity, I maintain that Ceuta might be really made a harbor of refit, coal- By a faa sh ne Ma a eee docs p a time wit @ on! safe Peery for merchane ot ~4 saseel be com- pee, commanded from innumerable points of the panish coast. It never was considered so, even in the wars at the commencement or the century; and, with modern artillery, not a house on the rock would be out of easy range. The ibraitar Shield,” of which we have heard so much lately, is very sug- gestive of insecurity and e: Such is the case in the event of warwith Spain, But even in peace times the bay ts so exposed to gaies from the southwest, and, tn spite of the shelter of the Rock, 80 subject to (urries and white squalls in an easterly gale, as to be at alltimes @ most in- secure anchorage. chant steamers there bulks, often totally unavailable, there is reventl, venten' at thé Waterport. touch @ Gibraltar to Spaid 1 auchoring jo the bay durin; a3 { said before, not one could do so, Ceuta is better suited for ou? pur , the African®hore being the most frequented assing the Straits. With the area surrounding it now by Spain, it might be made almost impregnable, but with the Moors as neighbors and a command of the sea its at- tack would be A ager le. My proposal, therefore, is to express our willing- For coaling no Whariaze. For men-of-war limited) accommodation at a m constructed. One small and incon- point of access only is open for commerce we largér gteamers now seidom they can avoid it. The cession il not prevent wifidbound vessels peace; ti time of war, mer. ness to make this exchany under some such condi- tons as the following: at & certain number of years shovid be allowed us to form a harbor to the southward of Ceuta by a breakwater similar to that at Portland, for which there is every facility, and then to cede Gibraltar tntact with all its fortidca- tions, in return for @ proportion of the expense at Ceuta being paid by Spain. Other details appertain- ing to private property and matériel of war 1 need ni enter into. In conclusion, 1 would express my firm conviction that while the Le pecen of would be most advanta- geous to Spain, it would also be the best bargain for England; and if so, why, in the name of common sease, keep up a rankling sore for the sake of a Vain prestlg: which after all is more nominal than real, especially when any one at all conversant with the Immense progress made by Spain tn the last thirty care spite whose a cn — feel in a ner or later, she will resume her proper posi- tion in Eur ? phteante uit the ease fairly before the country—what would the inhabitants of Weymouth , or, indeed, ail England, if the Spavish eusign were to be ho! and the mo! and eveuing gun to be fired by iards from a fortress on the Bill of Portian and comman it bay? Ir, your obedient servant, HANLnyY-on-THaMes. GEO. GREY, Admiras SWITZERLAND. Military lon. The War Department of Switzerland proj wo extend the obligation of service to every citizen of twenty years old and to abandon the system of the “Bederal scale,” fixing the sti a the eontin- gent according to the proportion of the population; every canton 1s to furuish all its troops to the general army, divided into three pot Uh serve au Jandwehr, ‘The time the first is seven years, in the second nine, e Te. in and every man from thirty-six to forty-five is to form of the third. The council has resolved to ne the presentation of this pill to the Legislative Assembly of the Confederation until the miiitary authorities shall have been abdie to collect the views of tue can- tonal governments on the subject. FOREIGN MISCELLANEOUS ‘TEMS. In Holland the Chambers have voted for the mgjn- tenance of capital punishment by a majority of forty- five, ‘The Russian government has reduced 200 cities in Poland to the denomination of rural communitics, thus depriving them of the right to possess any pro- y. The Bishop of Limburg, inthe Duchy of Nassau, will probabiy soon resign his charge, a4 he finds t — to Prussta incompatible with his senti- ments, A proposition has been made, and tn all probabil- ity will be accepted, that all the European govern- the,International Currency jopt international postage ps. The indépendence Belge of Bi of December 10, Was setzed on the French frontiers for containing too ma of the preparations made in Paris to resist an expected popular demonstration on the 3d, BREACH OF PROMISE CASE WW ROCHESTER, Rochester Union. Odeo ot ar ‘7. mn county hal be- there Payot] to mber of the Twenty. was disbanded , located @ little fortane. As ween him and 3 itbert; to D his - a ‘woved and won ments who have Convention shail Trade—The Ships in Harbor, Their Freight, Where They Come From aud Where They Ge To. ‘The importance of the merchant navy of our coun- try cannot well be over-estimated, as its condition may generally be taken as @ fair index of the state of prosperity or otherwise of the country in the mercantile pursuits of which it 1s engaged. New York is essentially a commercial city, and when its docks are filled with vessels, either taking in cargoes of articles of domestic production or un- loading the wealth brought from other parts of the world, then it is fair to conclude that the commercial interests of the country as well as of the city are in a healthy and flourishing condition. Just now there seems to exist a general depression in the shipping interest, Time was before the war when the wharves ‘were crowded with American bottoms and the piers were thronged by thousands of men busily engaged in lading and unlading our vessels, when, to uso @ common phrase, our ships were in every sea, and the Stars and Stripes floated in alt tne waters of the globe, Recently, however, matters have somewhat changed, and the number of American ships seems to have considerably de- creased, This state of things may easily be seon by the most casual observer, who finds himseif in any of our waterside thoroughfares. Take a fine Sun- day, for instance, when sailors love to flv the national bunting of the countries co which thelr ships belong, and on inspection it will be found that the “Stars and Stripes’’ are outnumbered by the broad banded tricolors of the French, the crossed ‘Union Jacks" of the British, and the many colored flags of the Ger- man and Prussian kingdoms. And this change has come about since the late war. The causes which have Produced this result are various, The heavy eost of building vessels, the expense of stores of all sorta, and the high price of outfit, as wellas the heavy, port dues, have all aided to bring about this atate of things. Walking along by the river side the paaser- by cannot but be surprised at the large number of ‘longshoremen who are lounging about at the corners and in front of the liquor saloons, waiting, like that estimable gentleman, Wilkins Micawber, Esq., for something to turn up. Within the past few weeks, however, the ghip pin; businéad has Guickéned colisidetably, and thougn stit not by any means so brisk as to keep all hands éif% ployed, the number of loungers has been considers, bly reduced, and this fact is owing to tho com- mencement of what is known as the clipper season. THE CLIPPER FLEET. Just at this season of the year a large number of clipper ships may always be seen in this harbor, either unloading their joes brought from foreign shores or taking in freight for delivery in distant countries. Most of these splendid vessels are to be found moored at the various piers in the East river, and their presence adds considerably to the oppor- tunity for employment among the ‘longshoremen, ‘Their pepisraice ig very fine, and a visitor is richly repaid by iigrimage among them. As a rule they are splen built, with sharp bows and graceful lines, bespeaking great speed, ana wilh spiotne ments of the most complete character. As they lay at the docks, with their masts free from almost any soil, their copper earpenein Sparkling in the gun, their white sails lazily tapping In the wind and their {eed clean a3 that of an uptown drawing room, they would almost lead one to suppose that the; nad never been to sea, but had only just found them- selves on the heaving bosom of tie water, Their extreme sleekness and cleanliness cannot fail to surprise even the most superficial observer, While acloser inspectiomot them from stem to siern is enough to surprise even the most careful observer. Between the Hook aud Wall street there are 561 thirty or forty of these vessels of larger or small dimensions F me of them are ne ican botwoms, bu by 9 Hidins all, many betng Beltish, and Somme Of them German. Most of them are eugaged in thi foreign trade, either Chinese, Japan or Indian, white others run to San Francisco, Several uew Ameri- cay vessels are now in the harbor, a fact which is worthy of fiotice, It ts to be hoped that the num- bor will be inoreden pid nat the day may not be far distant when Yankee Commerce will be carried in Yankee ships manned by Yankee sailors. THE INDIAN TRADE. oe The trade between this port and the ports in the East Indies is mainly carried on by British ships. These veasels lie in this port for some timo and take In all the freight they can gather, and then generatiy gail for Liverpool, make up ticir cargo and clear out for the port to whtca they are bound. Sometimes alups, after leaving this port and patting into Liver- pool, return here and complete their cargo, clearing out for the Kast Indies. The vessels employed ia tails trade are magnificent craft, averaging Sony 1,000 to 1,200 tons burden, and fitted up with grea completeness. Among the vessels employed in the india trade now in port is the West, a Uritish iron ship, butit at Chester, England, Sho is 995 tous bur- dea, is commanded by apisita ‘Wytoy, has 9 cre"y of sixteen men and belongs to Liverpool. Hor cargo consists of linseed, which slic ts now discharg- ut Coe’s stores. She made tue trip from Cal. cul ae 106 days, beating some of the fleet which sail ith her. Two other British ships, the Lord Canning, 1,465 tons, And the Lord Lyndhurst, 1,193 tons, engaged in the Calcutta trade, are also in port, Both of thesé vessels belong to Liverpool aud are very magvificent iron ships Tie Lerd Canning 16 considered a very smart crait, and has made gome very quick passaves to and from Indla. Another British ship, the Hea- gist, also iron and belonging to Liverpool, ia dis- charging at Halbeck’s stores, Brooklyn. Site is 1,200 tons burden, is commanded by Captain Brown aad has twenty men on board, MANILA TRADE. Several vessels annually clear from this port for the sland of Manila, one of the Asiatic Archipelago. One of the finest vessels now la the larbvor is the Orpheus, which has just arrived from that islend witha cargo of hemp and sugar. This ship is Amerl- can aud hails from Boston, aud Was buill tu Chelsea. Though thirteen years oid, she ts still one of the siickest craft on the water, and is kept in beautiful order. Captain Crowell in her commander, She made the passage to this in 138 days, The ship War Hawk is also engaged in this trade, and is now in the East river. She ia a Boston ship, 1,015 tons burden, and is commanded by Captain J. $. Williams. The ec, Which Was a pleasant one, was made in 153 days. Her cargo also is homp and sugar, THS CHINA AND JAPAN TRADE, The trade with China is one of the most important connected with this port, and iu tt some of the smartest ships belonging to this city are engaged. teu-carrying shipey and as consequence, great al a8 & consequence efforts are m on ail sides to secure the quickest But few China vessels are ot it in port, but several are datly expected, ‘The nel Russell, 752 tons, a splendid ship, one of the juickest In the ae how unloading tea at pier jo, 38 Kast river. bark Italy, also a fast vessel), belonging to Newport, England, has just arrived from Yokohama, making the voyage in 146 days, She is laden with tea and a few cases of curios; sie is 295 tons burden and carries nine men. The itaiy brings word that others of the fleet ure at sea, seve- ral vessels being nearly ready to sali at the time sue cleared for New York. Besides these there are veasels tn port which are taking in cargo for Yokohaina, and which will sail in a few days. Foremost among these is the Java, a magnificent vessel, beionging to Roston, which is moored at the Empire stores, Brooklyn. This shi 1s beautifully modelled, with excellent lines an bows that look as if they could cut the water wilh ease. Tho Peruvian, of 1,156 tons harden, is at tho same stores, & vel ne vessel, and one which bas been engaged in trade some Ure, THE SAN FRANCISUO TRADE. A large number of really fine vessels are employed in carrying on the trade between this port and San een of them betgg American bottoms. ‘These ct as a rule bring and take general cargoes, grain, of cou being one of the principal staples for freight. Just now there are a large number of the vessela employed in this trade in the port, either delivering at the various stores and wharves In this city and Brooklyn or taking tn cargoes prepera- tory to Clearing for the shores of the Paci Some new vessels are now taking in freight. The Soveret; of the Seas, 1,602 tons, now lying at pier No. 19 ts one of the new ahips entering Into this trade, She is a magnificent vessel, well built, with all the requirements for speed, and fitted Up with great care. The St. Lucia, at pier No, ti, ia also@ new ship of very excellent model. A new bark, caile¢ the Lizzie Williams, $26 tons, 18 also ying for freight at pier No. 13 Kast river. Among the old clippers engaged in this trade now in the ort are the Seminole, Captain J, W. Holmes, 1,600 ons, ballt at Mystic bridge, which sailed from San Francisco on September 22 and errived here on the 6th of January; the Favorita, Captain Buen, 1,232 tons, which came home ‘in 102 days and pee aeedatte La par 120 days, f oe ing 3 genoral cargo largely composed of n and flour; tie Black Hawk, 1,200 tons, Cap! Croweil, with @ general — the Robin Hood, a rae oe very fine jook belonging to Boston, of 1,000 tons len, under corm ot Captain Kelly, made an excetient trip to this port, beating some of the fleet that cleared with ner. ‘Tia Harvest Queen, a very fine ciipper ship, is lying as ter No. 18 Bast river, taking in ft i t for San rancisco; she is ow, large — with a tonnage of 1,626 tons. The Vi raiso, another fue ship of aes tons, is taking In her cargo at pier No, 12, Hast ver, we > A Woman Kitts Hex Two Cnrprsy AND Arremrta To ComMir Surcinn.—James Willioms, residing near the villago of Mempton, having occasion to go to his honse yosterday, about four o'clock P. M., tound the door locked, On for it oo adreadful sight ract his view. His two little children, a gtri three years anda boy six months, both Ii stripped and laid out on the bed, covered by a sheet, and his unfortunate wife surprised in the act of taking her own life, she evidently having mado the attempt, She ‘drowned! the ogee in @ barrel of water that was in the fter Dincing sem a8 found on the bed sho tried to own Iife Toronto ToeuraDn. dat. Te gotiing into the barrol.—