The New York Herald Newspaper, October 31, 1868, Page 6

6 NEW YORK HERALD BROAPWAY AND ANN STREET. 4AMES GORDON BENNETT. PROPRIETOR AMUSRMENTS THI® EVENING. <1 RLAy® CARDEN. Broadway —Miee Marios Hreow eee ee soweny THEATRE. aera or tae “ Bowery Oneweon SarmLD we, Mathone ath . comune of Pighth aveone and reese OF RA HE my, 4 ee oT vig corest Le tes FRENCH THEATRE, Fourteenth etrect ent Sixth are. nee GENEVIEVE bE BRABANT Heerey Dewrrt, ) FHEATRE. Broetens. . FaTCers, Betvowe a AY THEATER. 1 ghee downey & Son - Younes Ac somes, Maumee Die. WALLAG rae Lan AUADEM) THe Ganee PRNAY STAOT THEATRE, Soo, @ aad @ Bowery. wre ta Thee A® THRATION, Laem Broadway ent IRS street. — Shs FB CONTANS PARR PHHATRE, Brovkiva.— Site, On, Woman's Comer ame ¥ 108K, Tesmany Batiding, Mth SRYANTS OFh RA Lt: evra Booeta. ore. Pamerian Mi esracter, & MINSTREL A, Tov Bront@ag. Erne SRLLY AL ee pe rian BENS RRL ey eae ream aamee aauacceea aaa ‘ NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1863—TRIPLE SHEET. tificate of declaration of intention to become a citt- zen, A witness swore to seeing Allen erase a figure on the paper, thus changing the date irom October 25 to October 5, Mrs. William Duke, of Macon county, Ala, hung herself last week on account of discord with her husband. They were married last year, at the ages respectively of eighteen and sixteen. She sus- pended herself from one of the joists in the house, and when cutdown her little babe lay tranqallly <== | sleeping in a cradie near her feet. A fire in Boston yesterday destroyed the passenger earhouse of the Boston and Albany Railroad and nine cars, one of which was the handsome drawing room car that carried the Chinese embassy. The loss *°% | ts $100,000, O’Baldwin gave security yesterday in $5,000 for his ®ppearanee in the Essex (Mass.) court next January and was rleased, Wormald was sent to the jail in Salem. Hits family haa just arrived from England, Joseph A, Bradley, Jr., whose pame was stricken from the roils of attorneys of the District Supreme Court in Washington by Judge Fisher during the first Surratt trial, has commenced a suit for libel against Judge Fisher, laying his damages at $20,000, A rule has been served upon the court by the United States Supreme Court to show cause why Bradley's name rhould mot be restored to the rolls, A fire m Ottumwa, lowa, yesterday destroyed seven- | teen buildings, involving a loss estimated at $500,000, The City. Superintendent Kennedy has issued instractions to the Metropolitan Police enjoining them especially alo their duties in the prevention of fraudulent votimg. He directs them to arrest every one who ‘votes or attemps to vote Ulegally, and in case of the arrest being made on the warrant of a Board of Elec- SAB PRANCTIOON® MINETRE LA ot Srecoge. Bravo | ton Inspectors to hold the accused party until the am Be TEStet ames MH, Beery, AOE ey bf Bowery. Comte Matinee at 2h TONY PASTOR Fooauinm, Meene THRADRE « wumat Livoacn 1 E, 04 Brow $e Vac ener. WOOW's NUSKCM AND THRAPRE. Phirtiath erect and eroad Afterwoon aud evening Pe INWAY HAs Fo ee One RYADIGR, Rainer PIKE'S MISC HALL. Sot we Hight evenue -K. bvor’s Himeekt os. Meiomeat & APOLLO TALL, ‘Twenty-eigth sive! wad Bromdway.— Jamas Tavion, Tie ORmaT Le + Comte, Matinee NEW YORK CIRCUS, F rent. Rqveeraias Ano GY MN ANTEC EN TRRT NT. Matinet at Sy. GREAT ECROPTAN € a. BQureraian any G ALILAMBRA, 616 Hroadway. Mi cice Mrany Memes. HOOLEY'S OPERA HOUSH, B Mi nornsLe—Yaucts, Arran oF Me US, corner and ee re PY are were uke. hoor ex's » ae. HOOLEY'S (BE. D. HOOLEY's MINeTR! OPERA HOUSE, Wiliemebury.— Bueieegte Crecas, Be, MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Broedway.— » Awr. TRIPLE SHEET. Is@s. Now York, Saturday, October 31, The cable reports are dated Qetober 30, Maps, showing (hat (he Seqond Empire has strictiy Tewarded {ts frontiers, have been Issued, it is sad that they have been preparcd by onter of the govern meat, and that this explanation t+ intended to cover Napoleon’s abandonment of a war policy. Lord Stanley has pot yet commenced canyarsing the borough of Lyme Regis, tnd if i reported that he awaits in London the wal Of secretary Sew. ard to the Alabama setilemeat. ‘The deticit In the revenues of Spoin for (hie year is eatimated at fifty millions of pounds sterinr. ‘the government seeks a six percent toon of two tundred millions of crowns, Sefior Escalante has resigned his office under the provisional government, and Ger oe hae ae cepted the appointment of Captain Gcneral of Cuua, for which place he will soon leave Anew scientific polar expedition i Metin@ owt at itremen and another at Havre, Consols, 94%, for money gud acc Pivetwen- Tiine ties, 734. Erie shares, Paris Bourse stronger; ret . Frankiort Five-twenties, 78k. Cotton i poi Mbetetlinge uplands, 11d. Havre—Cotton, irs ordinaire, 1% Liverpool—Oats, 28, Td. Antwern—Petrotewm, standard white, So °4f Paraguay. Ry the Atlantic cable we learn thet the allie! army tad reached Villeta, where the Paraguayens were concentrated. An American war #\camer I+ suid to wave gone up the river to demant redress for the outrages on the American jegation perpetrated by Lopez. Mexico. ‘The tornado on the western Cone reported pester day drove the English ship Cecilia ashore, capsized ihe schooner Pizarro and sunk the schooner Hayode, Aiton board the Pizarro excep: the captain were lost, and the Cecilia became a total lows, The war wteamer Juarez was also drives ashore, bat was only slightly damaged. Our Mexico city letter is dated October 8. A cgn- troversy among the treasury oMicials leads to the statement on the part of one of them that there is @ deficiency of $6,000,000 in the revenue during the last fecal year. The Governor of Vera Cruz has sig- aifed Nis intention of resigning on account of the pardon of General Dominguez. A fight had taken place in Jalisco, two hundred provides attack, ing sixteen government troops wiih cries of “Tire ef Sanita Annes? Wem Indies. ‘The Alex. Petion bombarded Jeremie, Hayti, ou the i. inst, Salnave’s troops surround the town on the iand eide and an assault wae in contemplation. ‘The inhattants of the town are cut off from water ‘and the women are said tobe in fall revolt. The revolutionists are indignant at the United States for her assistance to Sainave in fitting out or repairing the gunboats, | The Papal Nuncio Louis de Boggenerus had ar- myed and been cordially welcomed by Baez, who ex- pressed @ willingness to enforce the ordera of the Pope, although the Domluiewn clergy are strongiy opposed to this Pontifical interference. ‘The connec- ton between Chartch and State nas been dissolved, Judge Sullivan had succeeded in effecting a contract with the government for a monthly line of steamers beoween New York, St. Domingo and New Orleans, Alaska. A large fire has occurred at § Avo Eliza had been stezed fi ation of the rew- enue laws, Four men had been shot by # lanatie, A silver lode had been discovered on Wrangie (sland. . The schooner Miscellaneous, General Carr, with his command on the Plains, mel an {Indian force on Shutness creek, Kansas, on the 25th inat., and killed ten of them. He then pur- sued and forced them to abandon their camp and weventy-two ponies, A large cOmmand is about to #tart from Fort Bascomb, on the Canadian river, in New Mexico, to scour the Kansas and Colorado vaileya. ' . Matters continue quiet in New Oricans. Generai Stecdman has withdrawn his reeigontion as Chief of Police. During the democratic parade ia Newark on Thurs- aay night @ fight occurred between two or three men of the procession and a gardener in the employ of Governor Ward, during which the Goveruor's rea). dence was considerably battered. One man in the Procession was secidentally shot by ¥ comrade and his condition at present Is very low. Judge Otis P, Lord, who was nominated by the demoorats for Congress in the Fifth Massachusetts «istrict, tn opposition to Butler and Dana, has de ctined, thus leaving the fleld to the two repub ican, Jndge Johnson, of tie Supreme Conrt of the Rochester district, ywosverday decided that a register. ing beard could not refuse to register any one who bore naturalization papers with the genuine seal and signature of the court, even thongh the court ‘was not in session at the time the papers were tesued, and that the clerk of the court conid be authorized to isane them during the recess, Darius Allen, chairman of the Democratic Naturali- vote is Qually canvassed, ‘The Tammany war democracy met last evening at the Wigwam, being about the fina! and last rallying effort of the party suataining the democratic ticket tor President and Vice President, It was not, how- ever, much of an effective rally, the hall not being in any sense overcrowded, The principal speaker Was General Blair, Letiers were read from Generale MoCteltan and Hancock excnsing their abseuce. The atair passed off very quietly. Robert Tiiman was commitied by Coroner Rollins yesterday on the verdict of a jury, that he caused | Ge death of William Carney, who was shot in a | porter honse on Thirty-third street, Monday night, | Both the prisoner and deceased are colored men. An inquest was held yesterday over the body of Mrs. Anna Oxenforth, who is supposed to have dicd of poton sdminustered by her husband. The jury rendered a verdict to the effect that there was pro- bable cause for believing death to have resulted from poisoning, and Oxenforth was thereupon committed to jall, ‘The General Transatlantic Company's steamehip Pereire, Captain Duchesne, will leave pier No. 50 North civer at two P, M. to-day for Brest and Havre. ‘The matis for France will close at the Post Ofice at twelve M. ‘The twman line steamship City of Boston, Captain Roskell, will leave pier 45 North river at one P. M. today for Queenstown and Liverpool, The mails for Burope will close at the Post OMmve at twelve M., dist imsi. ‘The National line steamship France, Captain Grace, wil leave pler 47 North river at three P, M, today for Liverpool, calling at Queenstown to Leis pagsaenmers, dc. The Anché? Une steamship Caledonia, Captain | MePonald, wil! at! from Pier 2 North river at noon | today for Giasgow, calling at Londonderry to land { passcugers. ‘The steamship Flag will 424 from pier 29 North river at three P.M. to-day for Fernandina, Fla. ‘The steamer San Jacinto will leave prer No. 6 Nort | fiver at three P.M. today for Savannah, | The steemehip Sherman, Captain Heary, of the | Merebante line, will sali from pier 12 North river at | tener PL MM. today for New Grieans direct, | The Mack star line steamship Hantavitie, Captain Coowell, 8H leave pier 15 North river at three P.M. tontay for Savannah, Ga The stock market Was irregular yesterday. Gov- | CoRMent securities Were strong. Geld closed al 154 | 2 tot. | Prominent Arrivals im the (ls. Ceneral Averill, Cwited States Copenl General at Montreni: dodge Lorme, and 4. , Mears, of Wash- ingen, are at the New York Hotel, | General BE. M. Lee, of Connectiont:; dodge KB. C, | hing of New Orleans: John A. Crlewoid, of Trog, |. ¥.. and Roland Oox of Washington, are at the rift’ Avenue Hotel, Geneml A. A. Humplrier of the United States | Aom: 4. Bo Lippineet!, of (hiedelphia, sod Sam Laire, of Long Branch, are at the Hofman House, Mojor Frank W. Taylor. of the United States army; Captain 1. Donaldson, of the Oanedian Hiftles, To- roala, and Lieutenant fh. Seanders, of the Caited | States navy, are at the St, Charles Hotel, | Captain J. Merrit, of the United States navy; Capuron 2. KR. Young, of the frivish army, and Cap- tein JK. Gibeon, of dec son, Migs, are at the mt. Ju- item Hotel, Captain L. A. Siemens, of Onina; Judge F. D. Hughes, of Connecticut; Mr. Thomas Drew, of Bos- ton, and Pr, L. C. Piek, of Trop, are at the Metropeli- tan Hotel. bear of Judge Davis and the political finan- ciers of the class to which he belongs. The issue of more greenbacks to pay the bonds, they tell us, is repudiation in disguise, for they will never be redeemed. We have more faith than this in the natural resources of the coun- try, which can only be doveloped by a suffi- cient circulating medium—the true lifeblood of commerce, If Judge Davis will cast his eyes towards Wall street at the present moment he will be- hold the fruits of the policy which he so ubly and ingeniously sustains and of which Secre- tary McCulloch is the great high priest. We are at the present moment in tho midst of a panic, which finds its origin in the non-expan- sion and contraction cries of the politicians of the Davis and McCulloch school. The contrac- tion policy which Secretary McCulloch inau- gurated in 1865, and which has ever since been sustained by Congress, maugre a little buncombe to the contrary, has been the real primary cause of all our financial troubles, particularly the great Wall street lock-up. The House of Representatives, on the 18th day of December, 1865, passed a resolution endorsing the Sangradoian policy of our financial Dr. McCulloch by the decisive vote of 144 to 6; absent and not voting 32. Ever since that date both houses of Congress have, with a persistency worthy of a better causa, fully sus- tained him in every measure recommended. Clearly recogmzing a circulating medium as the lifeblood of the nation, and as Dr. San- grado attempted to restore his patients by withdrawing their lifeblood, so our financial Sangrados in the Treasury Department and Congress have for the past three years at- tempted the extraordinary task of financial reconstruction by withdrawing from the chan- nels of trade that circulation which is abso- Intely necessary to sustain the life of every business enterprise in the country. During the last three years of the rebellion money was plenty enough. We had no panics or lock-ups. There was money enough afloat in the chan- nels of trade to transact the legitimate busi- ness of the country without too much depend- ence on Wall street. At the close of the rebellion there was in circulation among twenty-four million people in the twenty-five loyal States paper money as follows : United States notes (greenbacks). Fractional currency National bank notes DACkS)...+eee0e-e+ 217,024,160 Serip loan (convertible into gre nacks).. 107,148,718 Certificates ui $5,003,000 er cent (convertible inte ‘Treasury notes past due (convert! Inio greenbacks) . 1,608,020 Rank notes past du o" greenbacks).... 78,867,575 “ERR Aaa Si ganked aes wig sis +» $1,281,678, 680 This amount of money, it must be remem- bered, supplied the business requirements of twenty-five loyal Siates only, being at the rate of wbout fifty-four dollars per head for the population, the Southern States being at that time entirely without money. The close of the war extended the channels of trade into the eleven Southern States among twelve millions of people whose only currency had just then been entirely destroyed. The government having very properly undertaken to regulate the iseue of currency, what, then, was its duty under the circumstances? It having been found by years’ experience that thirteen hun- dred million dollars circulation was not too much for twenty-five millions of our popula- tion, what should have been done when that population was suddenly increased by the close of the war to thirty-six, and by emigration, &c., to forty millions? Surely the conversion of the floating debt into greenbacks, instead of gold-bearing bonds, in amount sufficient to meet the business requirements in States just then newly opened to trade was the only proper measure to adopt. The opposite course ‘was, however, marked out by ‘‘a Boston clique” and finally adopted by the government. Dr, Sangrado McCulloch accordingly in his report to, and endorsed by the Thirty-ninth Congress, recommended “A curtailment of the currency to the amount required by legitimate Orr Poliical Fisaucivrs sad @ur Finnwe ’ ng healthful trade.” What that “healthful” cial Sanarade, fi is a little singular that the two represen- tative speeches im the present campaign on the important ixue of owr financial policy should have been made by two politicians from the rural districts, both residents of Orleans county and » few yeare ago partners in the same law firm, Yet such ts the case, Sanford KE. Church delivered some time ago the best speech of the campaign ow the finan- cial question on the democratic ide of the house, proving himself the superior of Sey- mour axa statesman and debater; and Judge Noah Davis, Church's former low partner, made the beet speech of the campeign on the republican side on the same subject at the Cooper Institute on Thursday evening leat. Judge Davix is peculiarly clear, concise and logical in his argoment. He pote bis potote strongly, avoids embarrassing them by totei- cate calculations and takes bis positions plainty and boldly, #0 that hie precive meaning can he readily understood. Tt ie thee made clear from the siart that he is 4 determined advo- cate of gold payments to the ereditor of the government both for principal and interest; that he is @ strong upbolder of the national hanks and regards them a* © great public blessing; that he has sufficient talth ine large public debt to believe thet there may be evoked out of it incidentsl blessings of great benefit to the people, and that he re gards the issue of any larger amount of yroew backs than were fu circulation at the close of the war as of very questionable constitution | ality ahd as calculated to bring innumerable evila upon the government, But Judge Davis falls into the error common to political financiers, He seeks to moke o party question of the flannciol «ystem of the country. He insiste that the proposition to pay the government bonds in the legal eur- rency of the United States, where gold is not specified upon the face of the instrument, is bare repudiation, and even places in the same objectionable category the suggestion to lower the rate of interest upon the national debt or to tax the national securities, But England, whose commercial snd financial honor stands 80 deservedly high among the nations, has time and again reduced her rate of intorest without incurring the odium of repudiation, and every government, afer the heavy ex- penses of a war, has evonomized in the eame gation Committee at Troy, was held to bei! in $3,000 | Manner. Tho expansion of the legal tender esterday of a charge of altering tne dute of 4 ver- | greenbaok currency is, however, the great bug- | Napoleon's abandonment of » war policy, amount might be our financial Sangrados have not ax yet informed as. Whether it is thirty- five dollars per head, as in France, twenty- eight dollars, as in England, or the per capita allowance of the Uniled States—fitty-four dol- lars in 1865.and twelve dollurs in 1868—they do noi deign to say. They clearly intend to draw every dollar possible from the chanaels of trade and bring all legitimate enterprise as well as Hegitimate speculation to the feet of the five per cent per month brotherhood. ‘The ultra contraction policy having been at the close of the rebellion thus sprung upon the cowutry and adopted without discussion or examination, the laws carrying it out were readily pushed through. ‘The acts authorizing the Seeretary the Treasury to call in and bora up four million doliars of greenbacks per month, to sell gold for greenbacks aud fund short obligations into bonds at high rate of in- terest instead of greenbacks, are examples of the class, Some of the most objectionable have been repeoled, but the others remaig in foree, and the note-shaving policy of the governs ment remains unchanged to thie day.as the great Wall street lock-up abundantly demonstrates. ‘The real trouble is that the country is now suffering from contraction of currency and enorinons taxation, There is now only about five beadred million dollars in circulation among oor forty million people—not balf as much as in 1866 and not one-fourth enough to transact the legitimate business of the coun- try af the present time, to say nothing of the imperative demands of the tax gatherers. We are willing to award full credit to Judge Davie ae the representative financial stump orator of the repailican organization; but, like allothors of his class, his vlews are contracted by the narrow tiwlte of party, avd he is evi- dently of ignorant o« p'endieton, Seymour, Ben Butler, McCulloch and the rest, of the financial bietory of the world, or a* incompe - tent as any of them to make a praction! appli- cation of ite lessooe to the necessities of the hour. New Mavs oF Foavon.—Maps, aid to have been prepared by order of the French govern- ment, have heen issned to show that the Second Empire has strictly regerded ite frontiers ws laid down in treaties with neigh- boring Powers. ‘This i* looked upon as another pacific sign of the times, the inference being that it is intended to cover Emperor Meck Gambling to Wall Street. and calls has heen very fashionable. the buyer of the privilege stands on it waits for the market to yleld him a profit or he makes an operation to which bis serves as a hedge. Now, the privilege is always given for “value received,” and this is so stated in the memorandum which passes between the par- ties, and so long as the persons or firms who sell the privilege remain solveat it is always duly honored. When they fail it is recognized asa liability, But suppose the ease of an in- dividual repudiating his “ puts” or “‘ calls,” what legal remedy would there be? We be- lieve the Stock Exchange does not recognize these transactions, and this might have weight with the courts. Of course the repudiator would be done for in Wall street; but if he were wicked enough to repudiate he would be sharp enough to know that his ill-gottea gains could be used elsewhere. In any case it is not likely the practice will be driven out of fashion hy this open raseality. But suppose a man to die and his executors were called upon to pay par for several thonsand shares of Nebraska Central on the strength of a number of little documents in which the deceased had expressed this privi- lege of delivery for value received. Is it quite certain, supposing the payment for the stock to be against the interest of the estate, that they would take the same view of the matter which the deceased would have taken in his lifetime? Perhaps they might think it their duty to contest it, and try, as defendants, whether the law would recognize bargains of this nature or bar them on grounds of ‘* pub- lic policy.” At the least they would have the usual length of time in which to settle the estate, and that would be long enough to weary out most men’s patience. We fancy a question of this kind would be an interesting and novel one in our courts, and the lawyers would be sure to benefit by it if no one else did, However, all speculative operations seem founded on the belief that everything and everybody will last forever, and perhaps it iy host so. Still it is good ad- vice to bid men hatch their plans carefully, ward well their position, garner their profits at the right time, and, above all, to keep them. i ‘Tae ArroRNEY GRNERAL oN WHIskeY.—Mr. Attorney General Evarts has delivered an opinion on the subject of distillation and redis- tillation of spirits—‘‘singlings,” ‘‘doublings” and “‘backings”—all of which terms are better understood by the distillers and the Attorney General than by ourselves, or, perhaps, any- body else not initiated in the twin mysteries of the Internal Revenue law and the whiskey rings. However, in so far as the Attorney General’s decision goes, it would appear that there will be a considerable increase coming to the reve- nue, and that multitudes of stills now as still as hybernating animals in winter will be started in fresh vigor, all, of course, paying taxes to the government. In a financial point of view this may be satisfactory. Considered in a sanitary light it may be » matter of Indif- ferencé to the public whether ‘‘singlings,” “doublings” or ‘‘backings” are warranted to kill at the shortest range; for all these delicate gradations of potent poison enjoy a generous rivalry in this respect. The question of real importance is whether the decision of Mr. Evarts can put a check on fraud and bring a larger tribute to the public treasury. Potar Exprprrions.—From the ninth and tenth centuries to the nineteenth, from the dis- coveries of the Icelanders and Northmen, who were the first Arctic explorers, to those of Sir John Franklin, Dr. Kane and Dr. Hayes, the Polar regions have had a fascinating interest for both the commercial and the scientific world, The dream of commerce that a north- west passage would be found a practicable road to the Indies was long ago dispelled. But science still demands further and more complete explorations than any which have hitherto boen made, The ocean cable an- nounces that two scientific expeditions to the North Pole are now fitting out—one at Havre, under Liimbert, and the other at Bremen, under Petermaun, the celebrated Prussian savant, whose views of Arctic geography were corroborated by Dr. Kane's discoveries of a Polar Sea. THe News rrom Paraguay,—By a cable despaich from London we learn that the allied army had reached the vicinity of Villeta, where the Paraguayan forces were concentrated. A battle was daily expected. It is also stated that the Portuguese Consul at Asuncion was dragged from the American Legation and shot, and tbat an American war steamer had gone up the river to obtain redress, In this con- nection the course of Minister Washburne was severely commented on at Baenos Ayres. We have had this fact announced before as coming from a Paraguayan prisoner, and, there- fore, must wait for its confirmation by next steamer, Tue Larest Sranwa News.—The deficit in the Spanish revenues this year proves to be even greater than was anticipated. It is es- timated that it will reach the enormous sum of fifty million pounds sterling. The Spanish government seeks to raise a loan of two hun- dred million crowns at an interest of six per cent. Seiior Becalante has resigned his office under the provisional government. General Dulee has at Inet accepted the appointment of Captain General of Cuba, and will soon sail for Havana. Opr vor Aveors Oxcr More—'the Secre- tary of State, who never tails to make the trip from Washington on the verge of the Novem- hér election. He has seldom failed on these visits to aunke a campaign speech at Anburn, and in accep rdance with this time-honored eus- tom it ix announced that he will address his friends and fo,'low citizens this afternoon on the political qn estions of the day. It is also given out thas Mr. Seward will vote for Grant and Colfax, which will probably be a better thing than any speea'h he may now deliver as Seoretary ot Stato, 5 ‘The Great Valley of La Plata and the Strug- ele for Its Dominaties. We publish to-day the closing half of a his- torical sketch of the troubles in the Plata val- ley from the anti-Brazilian standpoint. To them and discover under all this any great po- litical principle which gives impetus to con- tending factions isa difficult matter. Here, however, we find a clear statement of the poli- ey, the steady territorial march and the stealthy diplomacy of Brazil in the direction of the great valley to the southwest of her. The outlet of this valley once gained, the States of Uruguay, Entre Rios, Corrientes and Paraguay once under the imperial heel, Brazil will be master of the southern half as we are masters of the northern half of the Western World. It will be an easy matter for her afterwards to stir into civil war action the feuds which exist between the gaucho and civilized elements in the Argentine republic— elements which more than once have yielded Dlood at the touch of Brazilian gold and impe- rial diplomacy. We are accustomed to point to Brazil and compare her peace to the turmoil of her neigh- bora, and wonder why the empire gives more quiet than the republic. Few, however, ima- gine that the existence of the empire has in South America been the cause of more civil warfare than any other element. The history of the Argentine Confederation and Uruguay are bold proofs of this, while the combination made against Paraguay shows how plastic the blind leaders of the republics are in the hands of the imperial statesmen. If, however, we compare the material prosperity of the Argentine republic, Uruguay and Para- guay with the empire, we find at once how infinitely beyond the monarchy they have marched during the brief period of their national existence. In exports, imports, national revenues, reclaiming of virgin lands, extension of agricultural and pastoral industry, railroads, telegraphs, literature—in fact, in everything which gives solidity in the future and guarantees a compact nationality—Brazil is far inthe rear of any of her neighbors whom we have mentioned, despite the war- fare which has periodically desolated them, In view of these heretoforé inéonsidered facts, it becomes a serious question whether Brazil has a right to exist any longer as an ompire. When we consider that progress in the re- publics has to fight its way through Brazil- ian efforts to crush it; that the policy of the empire is to mount to power upon the misery which she foments among her neighbors; that commerce is by her annu- ally cheated out of untold millions of dollars in civilizing exchanges; that it was not until the past year that the five nations at the head waters of the Amazon were permitted to en- joy the same contact with the world that Brazil enjoys; that the empire represents the hopes of monarchical Europe as against re- publicanism on this Continent we submit that imperialism in Brazil should give place to re- publicaniem as the one thing necessary to put South America in that track of prosperity to which she is entitled by her wondrous pro- ducts, her magnificent valleys, her mighty riversand her geographtcal position with refer- ence to ourselves. So long as the two an- tagonistic governments—the monarchy and the republic—exist side by side there will be no peace. We recognized this fact upon the northern half of the Continent when we drove the empire out of Mexico. The rule is not less applicable with reference to Brazil and her neighbors, It is as inevitable as fate that South America must be wholly republican or wholly imperial. To-day the empire is gain- ing ground owing to the suicidal position as- sumed by a few Argentine leaders in opposi- tion to the great majority of the people. This, however, will change; and it is not improba- ble that the world will before long witness the more ratural war of the Argentine republic, Paraguay and Uruguay againet Brazil—the latter, if possible, seizing upon Uraguay as a base of operations for the salvation of her present form of government. It is conclusively shown that, in the war against Paraguay, Brazil and the Argentine republic were the aggressors. The allied treaty was made before it was known that Paraguayan troops had touched Argentine soil and was the result of a long premeditated plan between the parties signing it. Paraguay, instead of being the aggressor, was clearly atanding on the defensive ; and it was omy the daring, quick strokes given against her enemies that enabled these to deceive the world into the ridiculous idea that ten millions of Brazilians and Argentines were standing on the defensive against the half million of Paraguayans occu- pying but seventy thousand square miles of territory, shut out from the world in the heart of South America. In 9 military view Paraguay occupies a splendid defensible position; but ber aggres- sive strength is veryjlimited. If Lopes will only show the same powers in the defence of the interior that he has shown upon his fron- tiers we may expect to see the allies fail in their efforts to conquer the country, They can no longer use their iron-clads. Lopez gains strength by retiring, while he reduces the attacking power of his enemies at least one-half, Uruguay must indirectly remain ® Brazilian province so long as Brazil ix imperial. Her Presidents deposed and created at will by Dom Pedro IL, her laws dictated, her troops han- dled, her territory despoiled by imperial agents, leaves her no hope until the Plata valley, banding its strength, recognizes that its natural enemy is the empire. SENATOR SUMNER ON Spuore PAYMENTS.—In alate speech of Senator Sumner at Cambridge, Mass., he advocated the retarn to specie pay- mentson the 4th of July after Grant's election ; and so do we, provided always that this thing can be done without any shock to our financial and business affairs, {n this view we appre- hend, however, that we cannot restore our old time hard mouey circulation by the 4th or the Sth of July next even under General Grant, with Mr. Sumner as Secretary of the Treasury. A Tewrtine Orree.—The Hon. Fernando Wood says that if elected for just another term to Congress he will, at the expiration thereof, forever retire from the arena of politics. Sour Grarrs,—Horace Greeley declines the republican nomination for Congress in the Fifth district. po el Ne A AE a RE A: EAE eee 2 SS SE AS AES RE AP a Sa Se EA ee ae Sek Rs Sta EE ts See St 62S SR ee ae ee Fature Candidates ef the Domecracy. A South Carolina paper refers to Chiof Justice Chase as being the next standard bearer of the democracy. There are a groat many distinguished gentlemen, democrats and quasi-democrats, disgusted republicans and forlorn old fogy whigs, who may claim g similar distinction. There are P Hendricks, Adams, McClellan, Fain ace Kentuck ‘, Wade Hampton, Ben Butler, Bob Toombs, Herschell V. Johnson, Alexander H. Stephens—who, by the way, and it is not too late to state the fact, would have been the compromise candidate at Charleston in 1860 between Douglas and Buchanan had he chosen to accept the nomination—and many others. But one thing is certain, the democracy, in order to succeed in 1872—and the road is before them--must throw over- board every stick and tie that may attach their candidate to the issues before the war, who is not ready to accept solemnly the result of the war as a finality and to proclaim himself, high and above board, away up to the main- top, the steadfast advocate of the political progress that has been made since our interne- cine conflict. No more copperheadism—ne more talk about fighting the old fight over again. No more of the high-cockalorum and buncombe jigs which characterized the con- duct of our Southern friends when they left New York in July last imagining they had coerced or cajoled the democracy of the North and West into the selection of a candidate for the Presidency whose success would be re- garded as a triumphant vindication of the principles the South had been fighting for for years. Nothing of that sort must be taken into consideration. It will not be tolerated. The men who advocate that policy are not democrats. The candidate of the democracy in 1872 may not yet be named or thought of by the party. If Grant makes a good President who knows but that he may be the accepted man of the Southern democracy as their can- didate for the White House four years henco? The Opinions of Important Meu. Every man who has been before the publie either as a political hack, a member of Con- gress, » British dungeon martyr or a prize fighter thinks his opinions of more value than those of any ordinary individual. Hence we find inthe columns of the daily press letters purporting to emanate from such characters— and many of them pure fictions and foré geries—all of which are forced upon the pul« lic with their tonst and coffee evéty moritig! What dg the public care about the opinions of George Francis Train, or John Minor Botts, oz any other important man of their calibre and pretensions? Why, a letter from O’Bald- win, the prize fighter, or his _ illustri- ous compeer and fellow-victim, Wormald, would create a greater sensation in New York and throughout the country, and perhaps throughout Great Britain and the Con- tinent of Europe, than would the letters of all these aelf-constituted makers of public opinion’ piled together and published ina batch. The papers would sell a hundred thousand exira copies containing the one and not a single extra copy containing the other. The Amori- can public are capable of thinking for them- selves and forming their own judgments upon political matters, and those who imagine other- wise had better save their ink to write billets dour to ladies or horse pedigrees, Tax Sovrnern Boys.—There is a division of the Southern boys into white and black—s fact that is new in our history, paradoxical as it may seem to say it. It is a fact that dates only from the time when such a thing was re- cognized in the South as blackmen. Ateciently every colored creature of the masculine gender in the Southern States was a ‘‘boy.” That word had no relation to age, and consequently was not distinctive of the juvenile nigger. Since there are black men, therefore there are black boys, and they grow up with spirit enough to fight; and in Alexandria there are street battles between the schools of either hue. Thisisasign, if any were needed, of the progress of Southern thought in placing the races in opposition. Boys express the instinctive undercurrent of domestic life—the unreasoning passion and prejudice that lets itself out freely at home, and for this evi- violent threatenings on both sides here, there and everywhere in reference to ‘‘a free eleo- tion or a free fight,” and to ballot-stuffers, repeaters and fraudulent naturalization papers, &ec,, we think that there are good reasons to anticipate the general prevalence of law and order as usual On the great day of our Presi- dential election aud the supremacy of honest voting, because of the precautions adopted and because of the prevailing feeling among the people on both sides in behalf of honest votes. Even ao let it be. Las? Caance.—No person's ballot will be received on Tuesday next whose name is not on the registrars’ list to-night. in tue Rienr Sririt—The addrosa of Gov- ernor Scott to the citizens of South Carolina ig behalf of perce. NOTES ABOUT TOWN. As the day for the battle of the ballot boxes ap- proaches the preparations on both sides for the flual charge is becoming more active and determined. Stump speeches, torohlight processions, ihe swaliow- ing of benzine and the “hiding away” of aquaforia have become so commen that no one notices them. itis only whom that bell, with its funereal knell, comes along that Christians fwear aud pagans pray. The autocrat of the Police Department has notified his underlings that bonfires most not longer be tot- erated, Very little boya with democratic proclivi- ties oust poy attention to this or they'll see more than the outside of a station house. ‘The women folk are fearfully giveu to marriage om this city. Last week no less than 560 found victims for the h’altar—se, im language lew epigrammatic, has “Vital Statistics” Informed an inquisitive pub— lio; and his record in the Board of Health ts not to be disputed, ‘The Roard of Fixcise, another of those ‘“‘conmin- sions” which “ring” this city, is busily engages jnat now in licensing “hotels” and “restaurants” for | the “dispensation” of unrectified aquafortis, pateat lager, ballelujah bourbon, oh-be-joyfnt gin, com- pounded rum and rited red-eye, This Board greaug avatsts (he canse of temperance and (ic health of the cliy, and should be countenavced, it should, ‘The Cooper Institute ts to be given up to the petu coated “revolutionita.” Peter couldn’) withetand the winning ways of the feminine reformers, and so he had to cave, These wotten will not only ruin the Vulon, bot the Cituzen#’ Asrociation yei, What are. freshing time there would be tf Mies Susan 8. were Made ivtter writer to tre last namet in=tituion |