The New York Herald Newspaper, October 26, 1868, Page 4

4 ; SOUTH AMERICA. Historical Sketch of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Brazilian Aggressions in La Plata Valley. Secret Causes. of the Allied War Against Paraguay. The Oriental Republic of Uruguay would be the happiest of all South America if its two powerful neighbors (Brazil andthe Argentine Republic) did not periodically disturb iis progress by kindling civil warfare throughout its whole extent. The Ar- gentine and Brazilian interference in ‘Oriental’? affairs dates from the epoch of the occupation of the country by the Spanish government. Upon the cry ér independence given in Buenos Ayres May 25, 1810, the “Banda Oriental’—to-day the “Republic of Uruguay”—immediately re- sponded, directed by Don José A. de Artegas, who aroge in one of the towns of the interior, Scarcely was the war with Spain initiated when Serious differences sprung up between the Oriental owlef and Buenos Ayres. The “/orteilos,” as the Buenos Ayreans styled themselves, pre- tended to innerit from Ferdmand VIL, and to subject to their domination all the Provinces of the old viceroyalty. Artegas op- posed this claim so far as 1t referred to his province, ‘and selected tue federal priuciple as the proper sya- tem of government, When tue Oriental and Argentine forces besieged the city of Montevideo, then in power of the Spanish Governor Vigodet, the chief of the first discovered a plot of the Argentines to seize his person, He m consequence withdrew to the interior of the coantry with al! his forces, exercising entire authority m every district, The Argentines sent four expeditions to bring Lim to obedience, but all of them were routed, although they were commanded by the cele- brated General Dorrega, Baron of Olemberg, who was made prisoner, but generously restored to liberty. At tnis honorable conduct of the brave Artegas, who had conquered upon the fleld of battle and pardoned his enemies, Buenos Ayres responded vy fixing a high price upon the head of the Oriental chiet. . Artewas caused to rise against his enemy the Ar- gentfhe provinces of Santa Fes Entre Rios and Cor- doba, whose governments, plactng themselves under his orders, proclaimed him “Protector of the Free Countries.” Buenos Ayrean pride then abated its pretensions and sought the friendship of Artegas. ‘The “Supreme Director,” Colonel Puyrredon, asked for peace, and as a conciliatory offering. sent four of Arvegas’ worst enemies to the encampment which he then occupied at Purnficacton at the continence of the river Datman with the Uruguay. The answer of ‘he Oriental chief was worthy of the ancient heroes— “Say to your government,” exciaimed he to the com- inissioner of Puyrredon, “that Artegas is not the exe- eutionor of the Porteiios !? * There was no method of coming fo an understand- ing. Unitarianisin governed the people of Buenos Ayres, and the Orientals were firm in their determination to only form a part of the Argentine nation as a federal province. The Buenos Ayrean government then sent a secret mission to Brazil, which resulted in the invasion of the Banda Oriental by a Portuguese army which bore the title of the “Army of Pacification.” Against this army Artegas risked two battles. In the second he was compleiely routed and returned to Entre Rios to reorganize his forces. Here his Lieutenant Ramirez, Governor of Entre Rios, his native pro- vince, Whose ambition had been awakened with an independent command, seeing his commander over- thrown and with few troops remaining, declared against him and obliged him to seek an asylum in Paraguay, which was then segregated from the Argentine Republic and dominated by Francia, owing to the resistance which Buenos Ayres made to the federal system also proposed by Paraguay to the Buenos Ayrean commissioners Belgrano and Eche- vetria. Tcannot neglect to allude to an act of Artegas which revealed his great soul, When abandon- ing forever the heroes with whom he had fought and who had accompanied him, ‘1 Lave, said he, $4,000, which I might divide among you; but there are others more unfortunate than you,and 1 intend it for them. Your patriot companions, prisoners in the prison pens of Fort Santa Cruz, they shall re- ceive our remembrances and this succor.” Juan Espinosa, one of his companions, carried through many dangers this aid to the capital of the Portu- guese possessions aud del.vered it to the commander Bf) in os had ed its rival and expatri enos Ayres had conquer and expatri- ated him forever, but tue Banda Orienta! remained 1 power of the Crown of Portugal. In after years the 01 ana, with religious respect for re- mains of their former leader, removed them to the Cemetery of Montevideo, Over these remains the patriotism of tie present generation has erected a monument bearing tue following inscription:— “Don José A. de Artegas, founder the Oriental nationality.” For _ ie we eg om i ao ps od against a bold enemy, General Artegas is still the rebel and anarchist “chier, In 162! came the independence of Brazil, and the Portuguese, tu disgust aguinst their old emancipated colony, agreed with une Oriental ots to make @ movemeut which should restore to these ued session of the country. This attempt, made afew * months after, failed, for the reason that Colonel Jusios Rivera, a very miluential man in the country districts, aud who & very active rée in the civil wars as chief of the Colorado paity, espoused the cause of the Brazilians. He forced Colonels Lavaiiga and Oribe and others who sought the aid of the Vortuguese and who were to be the leaders in tie moveinent, t seek an asylum 1m Buenos Ayres. | here they remained several eae, formuiarizing projec.s for the redemption of thet oppressed country. They were closely watched b; tie Argeutine Authorives by petition of Bi which had declared tie Banda Oriental the Cispala- tine proynoe aud admitted it into the empire through a Wsoped-ap iucorporation made by a fow natives and, jpomards. ‘This condition of things lasted wu 1825, when, aa the re- sult of a secretly organized expedition, Laval- leja and Orive left the port of Buewos Ayres atthe head of thirty-one companions more, and dis- embarked at tue srenal Grande, @ little above tue mouth of the Lrugaay. They made an oath to lib erate their country irom the foreign yoke or perish tn the effort. The towns pronounced in favor of the liverators. Justos Kivera, in :lie service of the empire, which had raised him to the rank of General and Com- mander-in-Chie! of al, the miterior, was taken almost by surprise. and decided in javor of the movement of cg hea The Oriental column growing larger a , day, at (he same time cumbatiag the imperial devac mens, Was enabled on the 124 of Octover, 1825, after cight days of the most violent marching, to prevent the incorporation of a Lrazilian diviston with the bulk of the army. It came in contac) with this tn the feids of Sarandi, and the most complete triumph repaid the vaior and the patriotism of tie libera.ors, Since that time the people venerate the names of the “thirty-three,” to whose efforts they owe country and ireedom, Now commences the hottest of the struggle, The Ortentals fight alone; the public opmion of Buenos Ayres begins to .be agitated itm their favor; the people desire their government to lend ard to the revolutionisia, Who tuough tram; were too feeble to fight tora tong time w: against all the power of the empire. understand \hat the Argentine government wil not compromis: itself In the strite except for thet own and direct venetit; thereiore to end thetr vaciliations they sacrifice @ part O1 the dearest aspirations of the people. ‘iuey COMVOKE AN assenb.y Of deputies iu the ilia de Florida ana declare the banda Oriental an integral part of the united provinces of the Rio de la Piaia. Evenos Ayres is pleased and saustied with this act of the Jecitumate representatives of the tne habitants of Uruguay. People and government launeh with energy into the contest. The Argentine army crosses the Urug under orders of General Alvear, incorporates itse.f with the Oriental forces; they march to the encounter of the tm troops, pursue and reach them at Ituzanigo, in the Brazilian wee of Kio Grande, and the sun of e 20th of February, 167, lighta up a splendid vietory in favor of the repubilc. Pedro L.then opens een then cumes, the mediation of bi the deviaration, on the 27% August, 1828, of the dence of the Banda Oriental, under the name of the “Kepublica Uriental del Uruguay."” On the loth July, 1580, was sworn the liberal and progressive constitution ot this country, with the previous sopeenaneh, of the Powers signing the y treay of peace in accordance with one of its ciauses. ‘The young republic had scarcely launched into life the free peoples of the world.when the em- pire. foran ty conspire against its existence, A secret inission to sarope, coniidedto the Marques of Santo Amaro, had tor its ovject tie Monarchizing of the Orren ual State, On the ist May, 1891, the Chieftain Justos Rivera took possessivn of the Presidency. fis admini-tra- tion was deplorable, and the country gave thauks to to meantime trate her attention upon the suifocation of Samcay which had Sprung uP in her own terri and therefore, left the Banda Oriental tranquil for: ; While Buenos Ayres, governed by General was exclusively in the overthrow of the Which the Unitarians were making to dominate the federal party. Unfortunately the lron arm of the Argentine Dictator cansed a numerous Seulerption thors Baan Ayres beepers apt e country districts of Uruguay. These soon soug! the means to combat Rosas. They undertook to overthrow the government which given them an asylum aud which wished at auy cost to matntain itself aloof from any foreign questions as was counselled for the good of the governed. The Uni then projected the overiiurow of General Orive, to menace him by a gove:nmeat which would lend itselt to their views. At that tune, aiso, France had a serious misunderstanding with Rosas, and the ald of tne French men-of-war in oo po entisted in ae a movement against the Uruguay govern iy as a pre- text the rightful negative of General Oribe to the permission solicited that the prisoners takea by tie vesseis of War blockading Buenos Ayres shouid be retained in Montevideo, Justos Rivera was the man most sutted to the Uni- tarian scheme. They wou him, overmg him the aid of France and of the Argentine refagees, Kivera, exasperated at the faithiul and moral rule of Oribe, which exposed his previous maiadininistra- tion, raised, in 1046, the flag of rebellion, The Uni- tarian cuiefs and officers gathered under his stand- ard and gave several battles, at one of which General Lavaile, the chief of the Unitarians, commanded. Aiter two years of struggle, the resuit being untavor- able to General Orive, he found it necessary to shut himself up in Montevideo, which town was very soon besieged by General Rivera. Hard pressed vy the land forces and, above all, by the Frenea navy, which, thanks w tie Unitariaa con- course which existed in the city and which had way espoused t.e rebellion, General Oribe was obliged to resige the Presidency and flee to Buenos Ayres, toliowed by a large number of refugees; but hardly had he arrived in that city when he recalled his act of resignauon, forced trom him by circam- stances, protesting in a notable document against the unqualiflable couduct of the French Admiral Le Ce it was in this war of 1836 and 1838 in whieh the Oriental parties took the nuwes of * Biuncos’ and “Colorados,’? or whites and reds., Rivera, chief of one of these, of mixed biood and followed by the ha.f-breed population, took the red ribbon ag hus dis- tinctive badge of warfare. The legal forces adopted the white ribbon a3 an emblem of the purity of their cause and in allusion perhaps to the pure blood of their chieftain and of that of the majority who ac- companied hum in the institutions of the government against anarchy. ‘the Dictator Rosas, fearing the consequences of the acts which had taken piace in Uruguay, and be- ing threatened by a Unitarian expedition Which had teit Montevideo, protected by the French squadron, to invade the Argentine republic, requested General Orbe to take command of the Argentine troops, to add to them the Oriental forces which had followed bim, and fight the common enemy. Oribe accepted. During four years he combated and overturew the Unitarigus in tie interior provinces of the Argentine republic, The 6th December, 1342, in the province of Entre Rios he encountered General Rivera at the Arroyo Grande, who, with a Uraguay army in which he had incorporated the remnauts of the Unitarian forces, came to stake the fortunes of the Colorados and the hopes: of the Unitarians tna battie, \ letory perebed upon the banners of Oribe, He passed the iruguay and took the road to Mon! leo, in front of whieh he-arrived the 16th Pebruary, 1843, with an of 4,000 Argentifes and 10,000 Orientals, The whole country had pieced itself under his orders. The city might have been taken Without dificulty in the first days of the siege, but circumstances, which would demand too much space to explain, postponed the assault, and the besieged, recovering col and retaining the decided protection of the English Admiral Purvis and of the Brazillan Lega- tion, nullitied the action of the Argentine flees witch was to make the blockade of the port ‘efiectual. They armed foreign legfons:for its deience and raised fortifications which were traced by the English Ad- mural and his efficers in person. The besiege’ gain- ing time sustained themselves by seliing the public edifices and even the piazas and pubtic roads to foreign speculators, and in this manner succeeded in causing an armed French and English intervention, which, by lengthening the siege, prolonged the mis- fortunes of the country. At last, after nearly nine years, the sth of October, 1851, with the mvasion of General Urquiza, who fouted the flag of peace and harmony, and who had by his ele General Garzon, an old companion of Oribe, the Orientals, made a family compact, deciaring that there were “neither conquerors or conquered,” and that “they accepted as valid alt the administrative acts, not only of the government without, but the government within” the walls of Montevideo. So terminated the long contest which destroyed and re- duced the country—a sad remembrance of the Ar- geotine Unitarian party. The repubiic entered upon constitutional order and its parties, with faith and hope in the future, bent themselves to their duties ascitizens. The eiec- tous oi the le were favorable to the Blanco party, wale! to the first office a citizen most noted for his virtues and Don Juan Francisco Giro, who pro to restore the country to the es- tal constitutional rule and who called to his Cabinet men of both political parties. One year of this healthful administration nad scar- cel when Brazil commenced undermining the government by feeding discontent and aiding confiicis. ‘The colorados, to sustain thetselves in Montevideo during its stege by Oribe, had not fatled 8 stoop eg Seenant “4 all vere good 80 long as they prolon; struggle. They had. clatea by the loan of some hundreds of thou- sands of dollars, signed with the empire of Brazil the im.quitous treaties of October 12, i by which Brazil usurped lands which from time immemorial had formed a part of the Oriental State. They obuged ‘tus country, which loug geo previous had deciared in its code the liberty of the negro race, to admit slaves into ita terriory and to make use of the na- tional forces to persecute and capture the slaves who inight flee from Braziuan plantations and re- turn them to their ferocious masters. ‘These treaties, and especially that known as the treaty of limits, almost stagger the mind. Under the false base of the uti possidtetia, by which Brazil pre- tends to make legitimate the usurpations made from the republics upon her frontier, not only has she taken from Ornguay t clit of the depart- ments of Cerro Largo, the Rincon de Artigas and a fraction of the Hospital, but has declared herself the sovereign of the river Yaguaron and of the great Meru Lake, dividing waters of both countries, the free navigation of which has so much interest for the Banda oriental. In accordance with the constitution of Urnguay, as of all the South American republics, no international treaty becomes a law until it ts approved by the Legislative Chambers. Basing itself on this fact the government of Sefior Giro took measures Ww defeat tunis treaty aa contrary to national interests, and for this pul counted for aid upon all polltical par- ties; but Brazil, which had caused her army to be posted within ton leagues of Montevideo, as it re- turned from the eam of Caseros against Rosas, awakened the half crushed ambition of tue Colorado par.y and oifered to place its leaders in power through the ald of Brazilian bayoneis in exchange for the ratification of the treaties. The machiua- uons of the Brazilian legation being discovered the Minister of War, Generai Cesar Diaz, to whom public opinion pointed ay the leader in the movemea! arraigned beiore the Senate. Heated by the discus- sion he did not hesitate to declare to the friends of the government taat he would head a revolution to comply with the troailes made with Brazil, ‘The government linmediateiy atsmissed a minister Who threatened the public order in such a manner. Sefior Giro, yet disposed to overturn the treaties, t aid from General Urquiza, who, by the victory of Cascros, was at the head of the Argentine army, and enjoyed great prestige within and with- out the country. The mission sent ior the purpose did not succeed, and the Oriental government, aban- doned on all sides, was obliged fo ratify the treaties to preserve the internal peace of the country, so necessary to repair the evils of civil war, ‘The warmest relations still continued between the Brazilian Legation and the Colorado party, and, in accord, they conspired against the established order of things and awaited the proper moment to sirike for the good of their plans. n A commission was nained to trace the limits be- tween brazil and Uruguay according to the treaty, bat scarcely had it commenced its work when a inisunderetanding arose between them in tracing the line from_ the head waters of the Chuy ‘and the Meri lake, The demonstration was, tn con- eqaence, suspended, and tue commissioners re- orted to their respective goveraments, The Prazitian Legation required that the line should conform to the pretensions of the imperial Commissioner for the reason that the ult being the base of the treaty it shoul be fo.lowed to the spirit aud not the jetter. These and other dificuities which nted thei selves in Be) pre ee Cea aye capes the 1m) govern open more active diplo- miatlo. hd y to the Bi party, and on the isth of July, 1 of the swearing of the con- stitution of the SI two battalions of the line, com Wiom the government, manded *° fd their military honor had not desired to femove, 0 ed rebeuion. They opened os eg ‘chant rig church. chanted at the Mati ure! ‘The tnderstanding between the revolutionists and the brazilian Minister was notorious, In his tiouse there gathered the principal leaders, and that there may be no doubt of the perfect accord whiclt oie rapes, far from aiding the government made himse)( the organ of the revovutiouists, [shen f Giro to change bis Cabmet before eight o'clock ese te hour fixed by General Pacheco y Obes to launch his troups to the aackiug of the city and the Kiliing of their evemies uniess their demands were satisued, Giro yieided'and culled to the Cabinet two characteristic meibers of the Co orado party. The interior of the country spontaneously arose in favor of the government and took arms; bub Giro, weighed down by years and deprecating civil War, commissioned his hew Minisier ot War, Colonel Piores, to disarin the country and quiet the minds of bie people, giviny seourity hat no one need doubt the President 01 the republic. ‘The Minister of War, betraying the confidence re- posed tn him by the President, improved the o om sion to light (he dames uf revoiiuon, stirring the | to action in all the on the of September, after th ofthe nai guard in the streets uf Mon’ Brazil wade them- selves masters of the the President (iro being obliged to take refuge on board of a foreign veasel of war, ‘Thore was then proelaimed s triumytrate to take charge of the executive power. This was composed of General Rivera, who was at the time in Brazil; General Lavaileja, who was almost at the point of death in bed, and Colonel Venancio Fi ‘who, ag Misewect War, had so faithiuily served party an Vals ‘The partisans of the government flew to arms in the interior aud after several encounters with the Colorado troops, commanded by Flores, sometimes conquered, sometimes victorious, they were finally forced to abandou the struggle, for the reason that President Giro renounced tie Presideacy and retired tohis own hearth, At tue same time Lavalleja and Rivera died, leaving Fiorcs master of the situation. ‘To strenthen himself he convoked an assembly ol his friends and caused himself to be named Briga- dier General and President of pvt ne Everything marched to the faction of Brazil, which demanded from Flores the execution of ar- ticle four of the treaty of friendship to eifect the en- trance into Montevideo of @ regular army, which re- snited in their garrisoning the capital with the object of settling the diileul aris! from the de- mareation of limits. In etfect the mtal commis- sary who had been obliged to succumb and submit to the line of the Chuy at the Lake of Merim, ac- cording to the spirit of the contract, invoked the same doctrine in favor of the republic when they arrived at the frontier of the Cerro Largo, and cs- pecially at the Rincon de Artegas in the poiuts o: the miver Cuarain, which by its name clearly indicated the possessions and property of the Oriental repub- lic. But the empire, which ever applies to its neigh- bors the law of the strong over the weak, sustained here tae letter of the treaty and not its spirit, count- ing upon the tact that a government whose exist- enee depended upon Brazilian bayonets in the capital would have to accept” by pleasure or by force the imperial conditions, and such was the result. The Flores government, which had solicited and obtained from Brazil a sub- sidy for one year of 360,000, urged no objection tothe Legation, and terininating the indary line in per- fect agreement between the repntiic and the em- hey} ly -the country into revolution to pire the Brazilian army retired from the country. The discontent ci the country against the iniquit- ous administration of Flores finally became untl- versal. ‘The conservatives, @ fraction of the Colo rado party which liad made the revolution of July 1s, and which found themselves despo led of power by the fraction Colorado-Florista, or Fiores-Colurado, party, improving this discredit, pronounced in revo- lution on the 27th August, 1855. Flores fled to the suburbs of the city, and then, advised that the num- ber of his enemies was small, he gathered some of his partisans and prepared to attack. The conserva- lives, comprehending tke danger, called to thetr aid the Blancos of the capital, who, seeing in the move- ment a siep towards the best interests of the coun- try, sustained the revolution and made it impossible for Flores to make his contemplated assault. Flores lost, without friends or troops, imitated the conseratives and asked aid from the Blancos of the interior, offering to them and to General Oribe, who had arrived from Europe, to call the country to new elections, A portion of tiem accepted, and from that moment it became easy for the Blancos to domi- nate the position; for the triumph of one or the other bands of the Colorados, momentarily divided, de- pended upon them. ‘The resuit was the resignation of Flores and the organization of a provisional gov- ernment, which was placed in the hands of Don Manuel Basilio Bustamente, an honorable citizen, who, in tae month of November, decreed a new eiec- tion for the organization of public authority. Thus terminated the ominous adininistration of Flores, which cau only be compared to that of Gene- ral Rivera in the first const.tutional Presidency. Suflice tt to say that the books of the Treasury had disappeared, and the new administration, finding everything empty upon all sides, had to throw a veil over the past. and abandon the tscalization of the accounts, for the reason that there was no point of departure or base in that administrative chaos. ‘The situation did not suit the conservatives. In November of the same year the provisional govern- ment of Bustamente was forced to battle in the streets of Montevideo against those tncousolable re- volters. Conquered and pardoned, they accepted Buenos Ayres asa temporary point of exile, The situation was now in the hands of the Blancos. lores, counselled by his adherents, initiated and celebrated a compact of union with General Oribe to the end that the new legisiative body and govern- ment which was to be named might be the true ex- pression of the Via and not the resulf of the workings of and circies. Don Gabriel A. Pereira, a citizen distinguished for his services to his country, @ reputed Colorado on account of having fliled the office of Vice President of the republic in 1839, and who retired soon after to private life, now presented a:political programme which filled the public exigencies. He offered to govern according to the constitution, without refer- ence to political lea, whose existence had caused the fundamenta! law to be ignored, and to gather all che Ortentais under the flag of the country, Known for his indomitable energy and for his honor, ualities which had caused him to retire from public life, both Blancos and Colorados accepted him, con- fiding in his honor and his word, which had never been violated. . On the ist of May, 1856, the representatives of the people unanimously clected him constitutional Prest- dent, This election was hailed wich jubilee through- out the country, and the President, faithful to hia mnie, called to his Cabinet the most illustrious progra’ members of both confiding the public em- ployments to the Lente of the citizen and not departments the selection of subklrerns of confl- ¢ A The of Pereira to the Chief Magistracy was Ayres, which had spent large sums and founded a newspaper, El Mercurio, tm Montevideo, with the jiaz, that Minister of War who declared before Senate that he wi ready to plunge Brazilian treaties. Buenos Ayres converted itself into @ revoiutionary focus, from which a little later in Uruguay. All the Oriental discontents were then employed in the administration or in the urmy to The, part of the Colorado party, not finding in lent Pereira the man of party whom they ex- iced enlisting thet of the conspirarors. Buenos Ayres, at that tune from atine republic, sought at Urquiza, who was at the head of the thirteen — vinces which form the rest of that nation, and which rebel State. From here came that decided protec- tion to the conservatives and Colorados, the ouly of the Porteilos. To produce a change of administration a number from Buenos Ayres to Montevideo. Among them y language, of nexation of the Oriental to the Argeatine repubiic, to form the United States of the Rio de la Plata—the Puolic were the banquets given to these birds of prey, and statesmen like the reputed Dr. Velez Sars- their toasts the hopes which they founded in the parricidal misston of Dr. Gomez. the Oriental government. It was to be executed in Montevideo, where many of the publi employes, to dence,took part in it. the eve of the movement, when took place wnder pretext of @ popular ‘rom tne Government liouve, the President dissolved the meeting and on the following day exiled the in Buenos Ayres to commence new plottings. In this act the Executive was seconded by the two Vicente and Colonel Batell, the present incumbent of the Presidency of Uruguay. jovernber, 1857, The abortive to his political opinions, and leaving to the heads of ® complete rout for the government of Buenos oe be el the nomination of General Ovsar ratisfy the ‘was to leap forth the flame to Kindle a new civil war give them @ livelihood. mselves in the ranks nomen ally tn ston video to combat General a little later were to attempt the overthrow of the men who, reacuing power, might revive the interests of notable conservatives changed their residences 08 Wraupenon aad rity for his ideas of an- golden dream of the old Argentine Unitarian party. field had no embarassment in hotly manifesting in In the meantime the conspiracy was no secret to whom there had been given an unmer: confi athering in the theatre, which is but fifty paces principal conspirators, who, as usual, took refu, Colorado members of his cabinet, General San ‘This succeeded In > revolution im the city caused, on the following month, an uprising in the department of Minas or- _— by the caudiiio #rigido Silveria, and in the tatricts of Durazuo and Florida by the comimand- auts Caballeros Espinoza, Tulas and Poyo. The rebel forces marched upon the city where the Gare alone counted apon a few well inten- toned Colorados and the youth of the Blanco party, which formed into a national guard; for from day to day came new suspicions of the complicity of the troops of the line and of the employed civillans in the revolutionary plan. At six leagues from Montevideo, in Colorado, took place the first encounter at arins between the revels and the government troops, the result being favor- able to the former, who distinguished themseives for cruelty to the vanquished and barbarity to some of the corpses on the fled. The government then is- sued a decree peng bercee the pale of the law the itary officers wi jad taken part in the re- beilion, or who might take part in i¢ there- aller. Simultaneous with these events ee left Buenos Avres in the war goleta La be- longing to the Porteno government. It consi @ few Orientals and enlisted Itatians, under orders of General Cesar Diaz, a pretender to the Presiden- cy. The expedition embarked Ca! in January, 1898, in oe ea Montevideo, on the shore oppo- by oy . ‘trevior ly th 18, desirt fi 70 days uisly the rebels, desiring to im- Prove the advantage gained at Colorado, liad tam- pered with the government troops, a1 counting ee the pid kt . ae eee J Tig Ty corps many governinent auxtl made an attack upon the city. The autioritres, hay- ing just diacontidence in the troops of the line, ais- posed of their forces so that their bel was entrusted to the National Guard. The uctuck was repulsed, but hall a corps of artiliery went uver to the rebels, with their second in command. General Diaz gathered tie deserters of the govern- ment cause and the reveis of the Departineuts of Ml- nas, Durazuo and Florida and marched to encounter the militia of the western disiricts which had de- clared in favor of the government, under orders of General Moreno. The 17th of January, in the phat ge of the Ca- ncha brook, eighteen leagues from the city, there K place An enconnter, tn which the revointloutss were defeated notwitustanding the di,banding of & part of the cavalry of the legal forces im presence of the revolters. General Diaz and sone supertor oill- cers owed their safety to @ suiall in antry iocee, with which they fortified themselves belind the parapet of @ flat roofed honse. In the midst of these events there was discovered a plot in Buenos Ayres aoug lalians pail bh: the revolutionary centre in that city, Which bad for ie object the assasinat.on of the President of the re pihite aad his ininisters. sresay learned that country had 1! en masse in favor of the ment, Without munitions, on foot, worn fatigue, suffocated by @ broiling sun and the smoke of the prairie tires kindied around them by the van- guard of their pursuers, they were surrounded at the Pass of Quinteros and many opt to picces, The remainder surrendered to the govérnment troops. . 50 soon as General Medina had notitied the gov- ernment of the surrender of the rebels, the Execu- tive decreed to puaish the unceasing attempts to overtarn the public order that all prisoners from colonel upwards should be shot,” Those from colonel to the lowest grade destituted, and the balance set at liberty, Ia col uence, General Cesar Diaz and twenty-six chiefs and oificers were shot to death. The remainder, to the number of 300 and upwards, were placed at liberty according to. the public lists published at that time, Some friends of the rebel chiefs maintained that Quinteros had been won by a formal capitulation, and with this statement eudeavored to inverest all the foreign legations in an application to the gov- ernment to suspend the decree of death. General Enrique Martinez, father-inlaw of General Cesar Diaz, who found an asylum at the English lega- tion, presented a writien copy of the compact. As Was natural, the government ordered the sus- pension, and asked information of General Medina, an old ‘Colorado, a faltuiul and loyal soldier to the cause of order, charging him with hiding so grave’a es and asking if its existence was certain, General Medina clearly satisfied the government of its falsity, and this, for its own defence, presented proofs to the foreign legations of the honorable proceedings of the chief of their army. Notwith- standing this, several foreign agents communicated the Quinteros aifair as a violation of @ military com- pact; but time, which takes charge of verifying the truth, has shown that what the spirit of faction characterized as an iniquity was only an act of na- uonal justice, entirely legitimate on the part of the governinent, in accord with military law and very common in the wars of the most civilized nations. Thanks to the events which we detail furtner on, the Colorado party possessed itself of the govern ment in February, 1865, and ‘in nearly four years of absolute and unopposed rule have not presented the original of that capitulation which was offered by General Martinez, Calumny has been reduced io mere words, but still it does not fail to throw shadows upon the administration wiuch, for some years, gave peace to the unfortunate Oriental re- public. Pereria terminated bis constitutional term, having carried out his programune; a government according to the constitution and the laws, ignoriug the exist- ence of parties, leaving, for the succeeding adminis- tration, the country prepared for the tmprovements demanded by the epoch. ior ihe iirst time the gov- ernment was seen vo swfocate a revolution without the aid of the great military ocudillos. General Orlbe had died recommendmg to his friends obedience to the legally constituted govern- euts, General Flores, in enmity with the couserva- Uves, and powerless to use his evil induence in the government, had retired to Entre Rios, where Gene- ral Urquiza, tn oifering him an usylum, had confided to him the administration of a part of his estates. On the 1at May, 1860, Pereria was succeeded in the Presidency by bon ‘Bernado P. Berro, who pro- claiined a general amnesty for all political prisoners, and, unroliing the germs of riches sown by the pre- vious administration, received, in the tew tranquil days of his government, the highest euloxies trom both oriental and fore.gner. Justice bettered its pro- ceedings, the established tribunals gave unequivo- cal proofs of integrity, wisdom and independence, ‘Thus ends the first period in the history of the Uruguay republic. Our next aud concluding paper wiill'give, in detail, the Argentine and Braziilan plot for the Paraguay war. BOOK NOTICES. THE CONFEDERATE SOLDIER. & Co, 1868, i A memorial sketch of twin brothers who fought in the federate armies, It is written by a clergy- man and the aim is to glorify the “gallant, valorous, self-sacrificing and patriotic soldiery” who fought under the rebel agamst the armies of the American nation. Casr AWAY IN THE Cop. By Dr. Isaac J. Hayes. Boston: Ticknor & Fields. 1868. An old man’s story of a young man’s adventure, well told, neatly illustrated qnd published in a style characteristic of the enterprising firm the imprint of which it bears. ‘ The Magazines. The Catholic World furnishes us with its usual supply of the cream of European literature. “The Church of the Future,” “‘Catholicity and Pantheism”? and the “Present Disputes in Philosophy and Science’ are prominent in the list of contents. The Old Guard—As democratic as ever. The chills of November and the recent defeats of the de- mocracy alike fail to dampen its democratic ardor. The People's M ‘ine—Published by the London Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. ts con- tents table is varied, instructive and entertaining. The Sierra Magazine.—This (October) number only the second of this montniy. meron ae on the “Oriental Kepublic,” the “Abyssinian War," the ae eas of Nations” and the “Uprising of a Great ie. e Magazine of #orticulture.—The number for the present month has many good articies on the treatment of fruits and plants. MUSICAL REVIEW. New York: Blelock We hardly believe that during the long period that music has been recognized and patronized as a great art, as the first of all arts, in this city, that it was ever in such a pitiable condition as it is at present, There is no disguising the fact that the New York press exercise an immense influence in the progress of music. Howrhave they exercised this influence? Generally, with one honorable exception, to the detriment of true art. There has been for some time existing, and, we are sorry to say, flouriabing in this city, a certain clique of newspaper writers who have created—how we shall not now discuss—a novel and inartistic style of musical criticism. When art flourished here, before the advent of opéra bouge, which has killed all musical art, the majority of newspapers entitled from posi- tion and influence to say one word on the subject were under the tyranny of prejudice and cliquoism. They succeeded in destroying some of the best artists and some of the best music ever heard in this country. What isthe consequence? The public re- sort to the very lowestand most degraded form of the divine art—namely, opéra bouge. With all respect to the great talents of the actors who sing in both companies of opera bouse in this city, we cannot heip, a conscientious musicians, saying that opéra bouge is a di e to art, in the musical sense of the word. We have hundreds of really artists, and as for the pupils of the conserva who are well acquainted with the classical master: their name Is iegion. Yet here is @ public going crazy over negro minstrels, Lingard aad Ofenvach. Mind, they are all alike. Why is this? Because those whose mission it was to cultivate the taste of the public and lead them to the highest forms of art have betrayed their trast. They have, with few ex- ceptions, comoined to favor only certain peopie on personal groands, and they have enurely ig- nored the claims of art, Wo have seen reai, genuine artists, forced through circumstances to accept subordinate positions in the glittering nonsense of Offenbach, which to them must appear insufferable. Another evil which has led to tuis de- gradation of the divine art is the pernicious custom of permitting persons who have no knowledge what. ever of, or sympathy for music, to write musical notices in the columns of the city journals. They do more injury to art than Ss else which can be devised for tts destruction. Judging singers and players from either hearsay or their own narrow views, which are generaily at the dictation of the manager, they ma to concoct “criticisms” which must put to the blush all true mustcians, We feel the effect tus in our musical review, for the blishers a8 @ general rule indict us alot of vile trash, whica should be rejected by any one having the crudest idea of music in his mind. Lately the evil has attained sucha magnitude as to inspire hopes that it will svon come tos crisis, The New York pubilc are exceedingly good eg ne Vath ane and on ni log when they ey inpused upon. i Messrs. rs, Oritics and Publishers, 100k out lest you carry your reckless schemes too far. We have some good things this week, but what an amount of trash. There is no use in disguising the fact that half the music that is published at present is the veriest kind of trash. wut to our — by popaie pe dew in tiNerd, beand y popular composers, y Milla in in handsome form. They combine sorne of the best juartets from the opera, with sacred and nna Gouda ine eluates Shan itaon i following:—"*! as Gustav Lange. ‘the theme is @ fa- iar one, h we cannot exactly now pace i, bat it is very cleverly arranged and im: a in the eas a gong, Franz. Sorothit Schumann style, but exceedingly heavy and uninter- es og. Fwanton on the Brain.” song, Newell. A comic song of wwe Lingard order and therefore unworthy of criticism. * “La Tradita,” romanza, Arditl. A most beautiful ‘and well wi ht work from from tois popular com- poser, It is curirely diferent from the style of pieces Iran his pen to which we have been hitherto accus- tomed. William A, Pond & Co. publish the following:—Sa- cred Quartets for Church und Home, J. N. Pattison. ‘There are nine of those pieces in this series which, every one, show unmistakable evidences of the pen of the true musician, We siall refer to them again, “peuxieme Bolero,” Leypach. One of the wost brijliant and taking of this well known composer’ works, It is a gem for che plano and will be @ suc. cess Un eltner concert or parlor. NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1863—TRIPLE SHEET, EARTHQUAKES, Wasninaton, Oct, 24, 1868, © ‘The recent earthquakes in South America and California have greated @ desire to know what part of the United States is most liable to those terrible convulsions, During the winter of 1811-12 @ portion of the Mis- sissipp! Valley above and below New Madrid, ex- tending even up as far as Cairo, was convulsed to such @ degree as to create lakes and islands, and had the country been thickly inhabited it would have been attended with great loss of life, A tract near Little Prairie became covered with water and a large lake, many miles in extent, was formed in the course of anhour. The village of New Madrid, togetier with the bank of the river for fitteen miles above it, ‘was sunk beneath the water, and the revulsion was such as to force all boats and other materialatloat atthe time up the stream some twelve or eighteen miles. The earth rose in great unduiatious, and when they reached acertain height the soil burst and vast volumns of sand, water and a singular sub- stance resembling coke were discharged. The gene- ral directions of the chasms were from southwest to northeast. Indeed. earthquakes may be aiid to be chronic throughout a secfton of country embracing soutneastern Missouri, Northern Arkansas and Indian ‘Territory, Convulsions and tremblings of the earth's surface are of monthly Occurrence in many portions of the district, so common and allzht as to excite little sisensien: bat are of importance as showing & constant Mability to serious calamity. Among the Ozark mountains there are several ex- tinct volcanoes and one that has shown activity within the past three yeara, A slight voicanic erup- tion occurs regula! every twenty-four hours--two o'clock in the morning—at the Hot Springs in Indian Territory, west of Arkansas, A loud report is heard, a with an eruption of mineral ot! an water—tho latter hot enough to boll eggs. The vol- canic tendencies of this portion of the Union has se- riously retarded its settlement, kich Mississippi bottom lands in the vicinity of New Madrid cannot be sold for ton dollars per acre, while similar lands iifty miles north or south read ly bring $100 or over, It may be worthy of remark that the chasins opened by the ississippi Valley earthquake of 18112 were similar in appearance and at right angles with thse of the great convulsion in Chile im the year 1835, which extended three hundred milos westward to the island of Juan Fernandez, elevating some 100,000 square miles of the bed of the sea above hizh water mark. It is estimated that the amount of rock added to the continent by the last named earthquake was sufficient to form a mountain bigior than Etna, with a circumference of thirty-five mules, or equal ae Mohs to one hundred thousand sgyptian pyra- m In view of these and many similar facts, can we continue in the belief that great chanyes of climates and of the earth’s surface are the work of remote periods ouly and have ceased? Has our planet got its growth? A Hypothesis as to the Cause of Earthquakes. New York, Oct. 22, 1868, To THE EpiTor oF THE HERALD: In the concluding part of an article in your valu- able journal of this date on “The San Francisco Earthqua.se” you say “‘eartuquakes have been com- mon for centuries in other countries, and yet we know nothing of their causes.” I submit the following as the explanation, and wonld like to get the opinion of others more com- petent to decide:—Earthquakes are most common in the vicinity of buruing mountuins, and these are siuated near the sea, ‘the con- tents of their caverns burn until the crust that separates them trom the oceau becomes so thin that by its pressure it forces its pein in, wien the generation of steam isso rapid and extensive that tue earth ts upheaved and rended, ag we see it, In What we term an earthquake. A simular result attends the letting in o1 coid water into @ heated boiler, and my impressions are, that all earthquakes are occasioned oy water vowing into these buruiug caverns, either from the sea or some other source. bodies of scalding water are thrown from Vesuvius at the time of eruption, aud these could not come in contact wish the fires with out producing @ power that would upheave aad rend the earth. Isubmit the above as a reasonable hypothesis which occurred to me upon the occasion of a recent visit to Vesuvius. The Recent Shocks and the Sen Bore at the Sandwich Islauds—Similar Phexomena in 1819 and 1837—Data for Savans. * {From the Honolulu Commer Advertiser, Au 22.) HONOLULU, Ang, 22, 1868, ‘The singular tidal commotion referred Co last week appears tu have been experieaced throughout the up in @ greater or less degree than at this sed Ve nave made inquiries from captains and others, received several letters relating to it and will give the details as tull as we can: On the windward side of Maul it was first observed atearly daybreak and continued during the day, leaving the reef and some of the rocks in the harbor quite bare, Captain Powers thinks that the tide rose aud feli nearly twelve feet between the highest and lowest mark. It rose there as here slowly and not suillciently to cover the beach or enter the louses, but covered the wharf. it was highest about seven and eleven o'clock A. M, At places on the lee side of Maui the rie and fall appears not to Lave been so great as at Kabulul. ind 0. We have two letters from this place referring to the tides, and as they are both interesting we give thei in full:— HLL, August 15, 1863, Mr. Epiror:—DgaR STR—It may be interesting to youtohear from an “occasional correspondent,” this being the firat “occasion” and the subject the tidai waves, which we are having and have had for the past thirty hours or more. On the night of the 18th 1nst., at aboat twelve M., these visitors again made their Lo angen og on our coast, sweeping the bridge at Walakea and making a ‘‘ciean sweep” oi: the bouts anchored there, There has been a con- stant rise and fali of the ocean since that time up to date. The fall is, | should judge, from six to eizht feet on the average and occurring once in an hour through the day. There 1s no regularly defined tidal wave, but a steady rise and fall of the water of the sterdny 1 accompanied a party by boat to Waia- Kea to note ihe resulla of tho wave in that vicinity, We found that the bridge had been lifted bodily irom 1t8 position and carried up the Wajakea as far'as the jish-pond was. ‘‘his was done by tie rise of eleven o'clock yesterday forenoon. Uur boat went up ti sireai Op the ow of tue tide, and haif an hour af- terwards returned with the ebb, which ran likea muil race. ‘On the night of the 13th we had @ slight earth. quake, but not at ail of sufficient force to account toc the incessant evbd and Now of the ocean. ‘The earthyuakes at Kau still continue. Lust week Friday tae w «ils in that vicinity were ievetied ugaia, and. tf report may be relied upon, oue loving ¢ upie had their bedstead shaken down under thea. iiecy say toat \aukee ingeauity is endeavoring wo (arn frequent carthquakes at Kapapata tu sui count by taking them the motive power for & churns! i eonnet vouch for tue grat of tis, butt nds nevral. The “intelligent gentiemun’” just places the “seatoi war’ la the stthe yerns of that district, unter tie districis Kapapala, and, judging trom Lite fre- gaent ramblings, ue @pprehends @ (resi outoveak in the Viciniiy @ the “Aamuku,” some ways thls side unch of Keed and Richardson, ghee: truly, . O O, Captain Worth, from the same place, gives ihe sol- lowing reports— Hiro, August 15, 1563. Sin—I was awakened yesterday moraing, 14ti in- siant, co learn that the Indux and redux of tie sea had been taking place since two o’ciock iu the mora- ing, rip aud receding every few minutes, from four to six feet being the general rise mguer thao usual tide. This contimued through the day aad uight and thus far through tois day (160) Ull the hour of writing, four o'clock in the aiternoon, The next remarkab.c feature of (his pheaumenon is its joug continaaace and regularity, varying littie from uve minuves in rising or receding, when receding tho whole distance soure.imes iaiag but about oue- distance that it JaHe at other tines. ‘The » Waiolt river, at Walakea, Was sail to have ‘onsiterably higher, carrying the bridge that spaiced Uns river up tue stream until it was stopped in its course by the butment of his esty’s tah pond, whieh was also carried away, thereby giv- ing the mullet their a Messrs. Hitchcock & Brother's launch was by the recedig of tie sea carried out into the bay, having previously been stove by coming in contact witht ihe bridge. Various are the conjectures as to the cause of thls commotion of the waters, some feeling confident that the Island is in motion rifting @ud ialiing, others that we shall learn that there has been an earthquake on the coast of California, others tuat there has been asabmarine ermption not far from us, which last may be very probabie. We have had but very light shock# of earthquake for several weeks, and ior some days haraly noticeable, though at Kau we learn they are more freqnent and more forcibie. We Wait anxtously ‘o learn what effect these tidal wayes may have had ot Pana and Ki Yours, J. W. Mr. Conway writes as follows:— ‘* 15, 1968, KAWAIHA ast My Dra Stn-for the last th y hours or more the sea on this coast has presented a most singular and wnuevel phenomenon, caused, as we cau only imagine, by some volcanic agency. Between three and r O'clock yi Morning (August 14) 1 was awakened by a pecnitar rumbiing noise, appar ently of stones being rolled along the beach. iny rising and going oat on the veranda I was somewiliat surprised to see the focks ou tho for several hundred yards entirely bare, My sur- prise, however, was considerably increased when, aler waiting a few minutes, the walers suddenly rushed in again with the rapidity Of @ six knoe streata, ond rene! et to fully thiety inches higher (ian oar usual highest tides. “After fowlag and ebiing slightly for some ten mingtes, with considerabie agi's.on, it Again receded te from two to three feet below the Usual (ide marks; and go It has continacd to agt tll aie iM a a ‘ Hy E : : f 5 : F H FE : : | i these islands, to make up aa item, From Kealakekua we have no particulars as yet, but learn verbally that it rose about five feet above hign water mark and fell the saine below low water On Friday night, August 7, at twelve min twelve o'clock, we had @ very hard ‘shock ot eartl @uake. which was felt all over the island. veh itday, August 14, about ten A. M., I noticed on » be % the tide to be four feet higher watch it from ten A. M. to two P. M., fell twelve times during the four mig that two houses at Kamalo were flooded, when the tide went out it left ble pi bare. so that the natives*went and picked ns the live Osh that were floundering about. Y yy (Saturday) it continued the saine, but longer between the me of rising and failing. To-day (Sunday) it continues as before, but the intervals are still lonzer between. 4s the easienet oie that 1 ever witnessed at these islands. [live about 150 yards trom the beach, aud therefore had a chance to tween the highest and lowest poi tween ten and eleven o'clock on Friday foren: August 14, No measu.ements Were taken, nor d: the occurrence excite any special notice except with those who were engaged in shipping off freignt for the schooner. From all these rts the following facts appear to be established:—That the tidal osciilation was Realy antiogin throughout the group; that tne tide rose highest und fell lowest on tne windward or eastern siioros of Maui aud Hawaii; that no serious damage was done, except av Hilo, when a bridge and some fishpouds were destroyed; tiat it cou- inenced nearly simultancously at midnight, or about fifteen minutes before midnight, at the various poinis; tuat the greatest variations occurred at or avout seven o’clock and e.even o'clock A. M, on the 14th; thatthe peculiar oscillation of the tides contin- ued from 4» to 60 hours from tue commencement, und tuat at all the places where observed the sea rose and fell gradually—not with a rush, as in previous similar phenomena, but steadliy, though In sowe laces more rapidly than at others, varying from four vo twelve smcues per ininute, These facts suiil- ciently prove that the cause of the disturbance was quite.remote from the group, and that it arose from volcanic disturbance in or beyond the sea. All ob- servers unite in the opinion that it appeared as if tue islands rose and subsided, tasicad of the motion be- ing in ihe sea, But cis, we thiuk, must have been a deception, und the real cause will be found to have been heavy earthquakes either at sea or on the North or Souti American mainiand. Eartliquake waves often crosa the entire Pac tle, and occupy but a few hours in doing so. Before our curiosity to learn the cause can be gratified we must wait til we receive advices from ioreign countries to the lithand Lon of August. In the meantime, the republication of the following account, recerred to last wees, Will pussess interest, ‘The similarity between the movements 0: tite tides un 1387 and 1869 af Honolulu wil be observed:— NOTICK OF REMARKABLE PHENOMENA IN THE TIDES AT THE SANDWICH ISLANDS, NOVEMBER 7, 1837, BY T, CHAS, BYDE ROOKE, ¥. BR. C. & On the evening and nigiit of November? a most re- Markable commotion of tie sea was Witnessed at Ho- noiu.u, la many respects simiiar Fo that witnessed af these islands in May, 1819. Une luch and a hail of rain had falien during the vious twenty-four hours; the wind was fresa from the northeast squaily at intervals. The atinosphere was clear an cvol, thermometer 74.5. The baromever had gradu. aly falien duriig the four previous days, but this evening had again risen to 40.06 at six o’c.ock, wuen the alarm was given that the sea was retiring. The first recession wag the grcatest—something more than eight feet—but oe.ng uuprepared to make ob- servations at tue momeut the exact fal was not measured. ‘The reefs surrounding tle Larbor were left dry and the fish agrouud ‘were mostly dead, The séa quickly returued, and in twenty-egnt minutes reached the heigut of nn ordinary high tide. scarcely remaluing stationary, It ayain receded and fell six feet: ‘This was repeated at inter- vals of twenty-eight minutes, On the third rising it was four inches above ofdi higu water fasek and fell again six feet four inc! After the fourth ris- ing we length of time occupied by tne rise and fal varied and the rise and iall diminished gradually, but not regularly, At eleven P. M. the thermometer stood at 74. barometer at 3y.U4; wind freshening and trequent snowers; the ebb now occupied twen.y m nutes and the fow tea, At half jevod eleven it vecawe cain, with constant raims hermometer 73.5, barometer 30.03, Tne ebb an flow still continued, vce; the same space of tune, but the rise and fail ‘fais coutinued during the forenoon of the stn, The rapidity with waich the water tefl varicd in ditferent paris of the harbor, On the east side the greatest idity ne- ticed was siX inches in a minute; but on north, at one time during the third recession it fell twelve inches in thirty seconds. At no time did the w: rise higher than a common spring tide; but the was about six feet below iow water mark. The same occurrence is related to have taken place in 1319, when the tide rose and fell thirteen times in the space of @ tew hours. On neither occasion was there any perceptiile motion or tremb! of the earth or unusual appearance of the atmospiiere. Since the above was written ‘tressing accounts have been received irom Mati and Hawaii of the damage done to Bropercy and less of life. On the leeward side of Maui the same rise and fall took place as at Honoluiu, but on the windward of the isiand the sea retired about twenty Os } and quickly returned in one gigantic wave, sweeping everything before it—houses, trees, canoes and eve: movable object ¢ to its jury, Ata vil age calied Kah: in the district of Wailuku, om =r Po retiring, the Cot Seto followed 16 hing the stranded shouting and nalfooing with pleasure, when 3 denly the sea rose perpendicularly before then like a ice, and, rushing to the beach, buried the as- sembled muititudes in the flood, and overflowing the suore, swept away every house in the yillayo bat one, ‘The cunves and property of the natives were all destroyed. Happily, owing to the amphimous edu- cation of the people, but two lives were lost here; but as the same occurrence Bappaned all along the seaside we shall probably hear of more deaths, At Byron’s Bay, on Hawau, the same pheaomens took place, An Unusual nuinber of persona were collected togetixer attending & protracted meeti consequently every house was crowded. At hai ast BLX the sea retired at the Tate of four or Ave ‘note an hour, reducing the souudings from tive te three and @ half fatnows at the anchoraze, and leav- ing @ great extent of the harbor dry. tHundreds of curious souls rusnei down to witness the novelty, when a ee wave came roaring io tue shore & the rate of six or eight knois an hour, rising tweut feet avove high water mark, and fed on the bea with @ noise reseinbling a heavy peal of tuuader, burying the Loe in tue food, destroying houses, canoes, fisiponds, washing away tho food and civ. he ing of the intabitants, large quantities of antmais, firowood and traber coliccied on tie strand for sale. ‘Tho cries of distress were horrible. Tnose in the water, unable to swim mmoug the wreck of houses and pleces of timber, stingging for their lives, and those on shore wating for hor friends and relatives. The British Wwhaleship Admiral Oockburn was at anchor iu the bay, and to bie tiaeiy aid ant humane exer- tions of her master (.awreave) and crew, ny are indebted for their lives; bus for the sssistauce ren- dered by their boats many wao were st and insensibie would ave at sea aud perished, as the natives had got a single cance left that would float. Everything was destroyed; those Who eseayed with tueir ves lat neltast food, bor raiment left. In sanokapa and Kuauelu alone BLXTY-SiX houses Were destruyed and eleven persons Jost thelr live —1our mea, two women and iive ¢ il- dren; at Wailama and [auna & woman anil culd Were drowned; at Kauwaie oue wouan lost her ie. Tue amount of damage doue has nut yet been ascer- tained, nor is it kuown how maay times sue sea rose and fell, ‘Taere was no shock of a1 earthquake felt at Lillo or elsewhere, altaough it is ascertained tiat the voicano of Kilauea was uausually dis urved previous evening, tné Gres were suddenty quenc! and yawning chasiné burst open in previously tranquil plac accompanied with violent ex- Piosions. Inquiries have been made ot masters of vessels Who were to the north aud to the eat Of the islands on the 7th, at various distances, but none of them noticed anysiiug uuusual in the sem or atmosphere, That this apparent submariac vol- cantc action Has taken place at some distance frum the isianis is proved by the wave striking the diifer- ent tslands simultaneously aud appacently in the sawe direction; but at wuat distance we have no means at present of determining. Perhaps the in- ternal fires have found a new vent, which may be Inying the foundation of a new up of isiands im our neighborhood, It is now nineteon and a haif years fs atmilar phenomenon occurred here, but not so Violently as the iast, nor was tt attended with a loss of life. the second day after an nffecting scone was witnessed at Wailuka (Maul). The es that tad been recovered from the sea were conveyed togetner to the church, followed by a great malatade) 8 fane- sermon preached on the occas.on; this sol- oma waraiag made & deep and Lo be hoped & lasting ipeceaien on those Who witnessed uncertain tenure by which we hold our lives. History or a Brsug.—Barly in the war, John Merchant, of Pittsileld, Mass., enlisted aud was killed at Bail’s Bla When he left home te took with him @ Bible given him in twenty-two years befofe. Strangely enougi tiere was be a wate tne ay thousne ent of and carry it as Bie own after Merchant fell, in front of tet mond, three alcer, this soidier fell, aud the gvod book was again wale desu by a revel sol- ler, who recently, upon jeach bed, directed his brother, James H, Whitley, of South’ Uaroliua, to forward it to Mra, Merchant, whose addrewe hap- pened to be writion on the ily i She duly ree cotved it, and prizes It dearly as are ic of her dead hnsband, and @ curious tnstance of the chances and | changes of life.