The New York Herald Newspaper, July 5, 1868, Page 11

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE. Progress of Religion in the United States, There have been nineteen churches organized and he same number dedicated during the past fort- ight, thirteen of the former being Baptist societies. { Lakeland, L. L, on the 2d ult., a Baptist church nineteen members was duly recognized and re- eived into the Long Island Association, being the rst church that has been thus added to this newly brganized body. Also in this State, at Brewster's, utnam county, and at Westfleld, Pa., small socie- s were lately recognized. Two colored Baptist furches have been organized at Salem, Ill., and ckson, Mich. In Canada, at Gable Corners and st Torra, Ontario, Baptist societies have been prmed, Six other churches of this denomination rere recently organized in India Valley, Ohio; New ethabara, Ind.; Douglas and Providence, Ml.; and he South at Lost Creek, West Va., and at Mobile, The organization of two Congregational societies t Oakland Point and Laquel, Cal., is reported, hurch of this order, numbering twent; rive mem. 8, Was organized on the 10th ult., at Sharon Sta- ion, Wis., and another of ten membera at Fair- pount, Minn., June 24. The Bethel Presbyterian church of Cordova, Ml. ‘as formed June 1. Of the recent organization ot vary church, in Newark, N.J., an account was iven last week. Six of the churches dedicated have been built and onsecrated by Congregational societies. At East. ganaw a church edifice, Be comene 42) 000, was edicated on the 14th ult. At Wyanet, Ill., a you! jociety, organized two years ago, daely comple ba Gaciee We z iele Bums of worebib. fost ae ion chapel, cago, an two Congregational churc difices at wan and Lynn, Mass., have also been ecently dedicated, With the timely aid of $200 from the church erec- jon fund @ Presbyterian society of Williamson, in his State, bale and on June 11 dedicated their new ouse of worship. The edifice cost $6,000. Presby- erian churches have likewise been dedicated at Dsborn, Ohio, and at Frankford and Alleghany City, ‘The Baptist society in Warsaw, Rev. L. Brasted, pastor, have just completed and entered a new nurch edifice, costing about $5,000, and nearly free ‘om debt. At Fenton and N. Brownsville, Mich., ni at Easton, Kansas, houses of worship built by this denomination have been recently dedicated, Bishop Jane preached the sermon at the dedica- lon of a large Methodist church in Trenton, N. J., june 14, Another Methodist house of worship in Dsceola, Ohio, and one at Jackson, Mich., were lately fedicated, The newly erected Reformed church at White Plains, Rev. Y. M, Hurlburt, D. D., pastor, was dedi- ated June 16, Rev. Dr. Ganse, of this city, preach- ng the sermon. The Lutheran society of Tiffin, Ohio, at the recent Medication of their house of worship, accommodating four hundred. persons, raised on the day of the cere- mony $3,500 and freed the church from debt. The Presbytery of Densingoule has seven unfin- shed church buildings, which it is hoped will be ompleted during the aig summer. Religion and Politice—The Voting Power of Methodism. The canvass for the nomination of a candidate for overnor by the republicans in New Jersey has bpened the question of the religious principles of the everal candidates, The point turns upon the pivot bf the Methodistism or Presbyterianism of two of the Muen namea. The Trenton State Gazette (radical) hus refers to the matter:— It is a matter of profound regret that during the jast few years a source of trouble in the republican party has been found in the theology of the various andidates for official honors. ‘The principles of the party, the general efficiency of the men, their personal uprightness and integrity of character have been matters of minor importance, while their hurch Laeeesigerg i been regarded as of great- is noble system of testing the fitness of a person for official position is being just pow most virulently applied to Mr. Walsh, one of the andidates for the Gubernatorial nomination. The ‘iends of Mr. Walsh have abstained from assaili ir. Blair, believing that such a system is unjust an dishonorable. Mr. Blair is a republican and deserves fair treatment at the hands of his party. Mr. Walsh as good a republican, has done as much for the arty and deserves equally fair treatment. Mr. Bite, without doubt, has his religious views—we un- Merstand he is a Presbyterian—he is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of those views. And the fact hat he is a candidate for a high office should not ag him to persecution or contumely on that ac- i we are as earnestly ooposed to nominating a per- on on the simple ground that he belongs to some particular religious denomination as any. Until led to do so within a few days by the outcry against Mr. ish, we did not even think of inquiring into Mr. ’3 religious associations. We did not, because did not necesarily enter into the question, We desire good men for office. but are not anxious as. to heir peculiar religious views. ‘and we assert, and referin proof of the correct- ness of our assertion to Senator Cattell, Hon, H. N and others, that Mr. Walsh was not urged by ‘ends on rel! oi emaeed but on his personal itrength and the effect of his nomination in harmon- a the party. His friends have not ut any time ie a specialty of his church ES rirny They fdcatre the harmony bd Ls! fully believe his nom- ination will bring about. They desire the success jof the party. Hence, the cry of a religtous nomination has come, not from Mr. Waish’s friends, but those oj _— to him. It is, however, admitted that ‘aish will carry very largely the vote of twe Metho- dista in this State. It is probable, if he shill fail to be nominated because he is a Methodist, and the shall nominate General Runyon ethodist, that while such a resnit ‘would be undesirable, the probabilities are that enough of that vote would be estranged to defeat the yy. And this, not because of the clannishness of at people, but it the circumstances, as they now seem to be developing, would apparently compel such a result. We do not speak thus as desiring it, but simply look at the probabilities. » But what is this vote, about which so much is said? What is the voting strength of this people, who are said to claim and yet to whom it ts so dan- gerous to ge res ition? Fr the recent annual Siinutes of fae New Jersey and } Newark Annual Con- ferences tt is shown that the Methodivts have 60,000 communicants in this State. The lowest estimate of athe number directly and indirectly under the control of its doctrines and the influence of its membershi is as four to one—that is, 240,000. On the sup} tion (the usual estimate) that one in five are voters we have 12,000 votes among ite membership, or 48,000 within its entire influence. We believe these igures to be rather low than high. Now, it is well known that this vote will be given chiefly, under fa- Yorable circumstances, for the republican party. The oe ministry and people as a class were loyal during the war; they fought under the flag and Yoted to sustain the government during the war. ‘The recent session of the General Conference showed them to be imbned with the progressive ideas, of the Gay. They are naturally for freedom and equality, nd hence, all else being equal, are inclined to favor the republican party. An Old School Presbyterian on the Horse Race and the Human Race. The Observer (Old School Presbyterian) is out in a m@rong pnilippic against the noble pastime of horse racing, taking a morai and religious view of the sub- feot. It says:— If any one desires to observe the effect of this abuse of the horse‘on the admirers of the turf let Bim read the ee, encomium by a recent writer in an English magazine, quoted by one of our own monthliog:— Bieri the national amusements of other times and peo; are reviewed it will be found a dimeult ispute successfully the claim that the Eng- sh turf ts the noblest pastime in which any nation, #nocient or modern, ever indulged.” It mi be found a dificult task to dispute suc- cesafull ay claim of an Ae a thatraw ants fat is the most delicious of food in nation, ancient or modern, ever ever indulged Neverthel esa, our OWn tastes Would not be convinced, wover weak we might be in ad yi ld not ride, him to come on if possible.” We remarked at the time ere first ‘born ras se great » plague Beaufort as it was to Pharaoh. Rouinstant ig the aon nobleness of this na na! ear to year year to make it appear to those not im pore i its bye as low, contemptible and egreding, & in a field and a livii hefee on hse race cugres attract the same class animais to make @ feast out of their wufortanere condition. Birds of prey on the race course, how- ever, make Victims not only of the horse bul of one ong foe noted Sepals coemenes rn purse or r ag nous resulte = lant great indulgence im Engiand’s ‘noviest par jmue. Ie there any question as to whether the race course ds to be Tnotuded in Ld oa of the Ohristian? Are the carr that line the feretoest 9 our ohurches on m be that crowd tnto the snenaiies racin, track? How ey ~ on saturday in the weepetakes”’ and the pool for the + stakes," and on the followig day turni; of Bethesda and the pool of Siloam. not serving God and Mammon, but It ts very like an mpt to make two (rains paes oe another on the game track. not Christian poopie give to the usement the advantage of their Influence and ion. It will flourish enough mdependent of att Christian support. Lovers of the turf are not ex- ted to consult religious prejudices in their rs ta and habite. But the evil is riot triumphant Jong as the Obristian mn of the community is Kept pure and unspotted "rom this horse orld Our noblest youth will hive cont encour- — in holy living by the exam; om they moat admire and poy tc “country Wil have something beter W reig QDud tuan the NEW rapidity of horses and the Spee eee pene eae onerous eae ea credit of custunalbinla’ POUADGMMI Sad aee Game otceeias Oe eee Tcdanas Ca, Eee ee Oe errr cermrenmane of enthusiastic members of jockey clubs. Ritualism—Processioual Singing. A recent special meeting of the Trinity church cor- poration was held to take action on the proposition of Dr. Morgan Dix that the corporation give $20,000 or $25,000 for a free chapel, Hitherto the usage has been for the vestry simply to come together and vote the supplies without geention. The Eaalority of of ‘me a Lager’ to his surprise, refused to riation unless he Would pledge Tlimselt ae it Pehonld not be used to add one more to the ritualis- tic chapels which his influence and that of the parish have warmed into life. Of course the rector could not submit to be dictated to a the laity, and retased to make any such pledge. e Episcopalia: that the same influence ‘will soon town-chapel ot Eninlty and “speedi ut an end to Greek msneee, feasts of Pace Ca Christel pave con- fessionals and all the other wretched imitations of Popery which are in vogue there.” op Mclivaine, of Obio, has delivered an ad- dress to the Ohio Convention, in which he has vigor- ously rebuked the practice, now coming in vogue, of peoceneianay singing. ay ne up opening divine service with A choir of men and boys, veste enters the church at the front door, proceeds, singing as it advances, u} ap the middle aisle, till it reuphies the seats (called stalls) before the chancel, where the procession finds ita seats, the congregation being ex- ted to stand until the choriaters are seated. The op nets: to the eee easional singing as being contrary to the rubrics, and to the vestments as being forbidden to the Talty. Itis not that he cares we much for taration ¢ of the anise of clerical milli- ry as that, when the parol ice becomes no longer Gistinetive of the cere, ey then adopt the chasu- ble, dalmatic and h are regarded as em- the doctrine ‘that the holy communion is a eucharistic sacrifice offered by the officiating priest. Bishop Mcllvaine, at the beginning of the Tractarian movement, in 1846, refused to consecrate a church in which the communion table was replaced by an altar-sha; structure, because it was intended to support this same doctrine. in surpli Basis of Union Between Reformed and United Presbyterian Churches. The following basis of union was reported on the first inst. by the joint committee of the Reformed and United Presbyterian Churches:— Resolved, That these churclgs agree to form an organic union on the basis of the principles em- braced in their respective testimonies and the other subordinate standards which they hold in common. Resolved, That these churches, when united, shall be called the United Presbyterian Church, consisting of the Reformed Presbyterian Church and the United Presbyterian Church; and that the supreme judiciary of the United Church shall be called the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Resolved, That the testimony of the United Pres- byterian Church shall be acknowledged as the teati- mony of the United Church. .« Resolved, That for the present the substantial agreement of the testimonies of these res churches being recognized, con; ae tions in the United Church shall be at liber fo use either, a8 may be most conducive to their edification. Resolved, That the different boards and institu. tions of the respective churches shall not be affected by this union, but shall have the control of their funds and retain all their corporate or other rights until the interests of the Church shall tive and privile; require a change. All the articles. were adopted unanimously except the third. Further consideration of the third was postponed till the next (entsiiuang in November. American Bible | Society. The stated meeting of the Board of Managers was held at the Bible House on the 2d inst, Willlam Whitlock, Jr.. in the chair. Five new auxi- liaries were recognized, of which two are in Michi- gan, and one in each of the States of Indiana, lowa and Alabama. BE cam communications were received from ir. Thomas M. Westrop, Monterey, showing the pro- na of the work in Mexico; from Mr. Andrew M. Miine, Montevideo, reporting his labors and removal to that place; from Rev. R. G. Wilder, Kolapoor, returning thanks for aid in his Bible work, gad re- orting his labors; from Rev. S.C. Damon, tape uiu, showing demand for the Scriptures at that among seaman touching there; from Rev. J. H. ate lagh, Yokohama, with seni accounts from Japan; from Rev. H. Blodget, ing, giving proof of the respect of the authorities in the a for = treaty with the Western Powers, securit i y them freedom of religion; from Rev. Shauffler and others, of Constantinople, mG ing the annual letter of the mission in’ West- * ern Turkey, on the Bible work; and fro m Rev. I G. Bliss on that subject, and also on the revision ot the Armeno-Turkish Bible, and the harmonizin; the Oriental versions, and sending resolutions of ne mission, on the same points; from Rev. E. P. Has- tings, Jaffna, with report of col) age in Ceylon; and from Count Guizot, Paris, with Jubilee letier of the Protestant Bible Society of Paris, Crants of books were made to the Hawaitan Evan- wal Association; to the Church Missionary me to the Welsif Missionary Society of St. Louis; to the Tennessee Manuai Labor University; Missis- sippt Home for Orphans; to the American Tract Society; for distribution among boatmen on canals in New Conch and ee! others to various parti ie South. ‘The total number grantes especially at tl u "4 ages, aa Eng: was 7.256. They were in various |i lish, Spanish, rtuguese,. Weish, Hawaiian, ron including eleven volumes for the blind, besides on to the amount of $50 for Pickens County Bible Society of Alabama, The American Missionary Board at Constan- tinople and the Hon. E. Joy Morris. ‘The following resolution was adopted May 22 last by the American Missionary Board at Constanti- nople:— Resoived, That the American Mission to Western Turke: hereby resent their sincere thanks to Hon. E. Joy Morris, Minister Resident of the United States at Constantinople, for his pee and ener- getic action in the case of the assault on the house of the missionaries at Eski-Zaghra in November last, by which action he fully vindicated the rights and secured the protection of American citizens in Eu- a °° -y Turkey. nis affair grew out of the attack of a mob of fanat- ical people on the residence of missionaries at Eskt hra, about one hundred miles from Adrianopie oor which put in danger the lives of thetr families and which, if not promptly punished, would have no doubt resulted in @ serious loss of Iife. The Amert- can Minister took energetic measures in concert with the British Consel, Mr. Blunt, at Adriano) in con- sequen e of which the ringleaders were all arrested ana properly punished. The aim of the mob to drive the missionaries out of the place was thus foiled, and since then the respect for the American name and representative in Turkey has wonder- fully increased. Religious Notes. The will of General Abit, tered for Thompson lias been en- robate at the Probate Court, East Cam- the ailidavit accompanying it of pl 'y to the value of $160,000. He gave several sums for charita- ble and Fre ee viz:—To the American Bible Society, $1, the Home Missionary Society, $1, Warren Academy, Fao town oF Woburn for cemetery, $2, Go Woburn, $1, to be eznend Sabbath scnool books. The rei the large fortune was given to his culldrese ichildren and sisters, in sums of froin $500 to $20,000. A project is said to be on foot in London for hold- at demonstration at the Crystal Palace on jay in July, “as a combined pablic mant- festation of all classes on behalf of the Seriptural faith restored to England at the Reformation.’ A Berlin letter of June 18 by by the clergyman who de A, astonished us ment of his belief that the sun earth, has found a colleague views. The Rev. Mr, Straw! ete dae aetna wi e says ‘Mr. k stands alone, a and in the hurry or ir. Kook eancres ‘hoves, found the io” endorse. his peculiar | in bes tee ot of June 20 says:—Th ony of ie infant son of the Ret Bh and Mrs. ‘Was celebrated at the Chapel Roy: ‘St. James’, on Thureday, at twelve o'clock, in the prewence ofa ges circle of friends, the Prince of Wales a . a formerly ti Highness, has igh nchester, ou rarity by the Premier Cathedral, which falls © the crown for this ya consey uence of the elevation pie, $0 ae oy He ot Hereford. The cup igtiness to his fodson bears Berries ptions Aber: ard Hi ferner, Albert Edward, Prince Waies." ‘sfaton of London, to his extreme Ke ving hy unable to og ou eereice, ice, Govind a Rev. ‘atrer, M. A., ommcinted ia his nagesd The ‘uth is announced of the Rev. Dr. Vi in Eogiand, and —— Professor of story in the Lb pees Ct —Y-5 Br Srilines Scie was ro author of considerable repute, gg og a! character; but he Tas eontributed large! the written history ot nonconformity in ingiand, and t hia labors in connection with the Brit- Fhalion Sa tars & teats Seat, ty van London run fays Archdeacon Phill one of his ol in Devonshire, the Fag Es, “it Was a little ‘bad in Mr. 8p aaa bag ay Ks christening, is tutor, and oe been rector i and is ont apps canoer tn Ripon Catt é YORK HERALD, and butfoon, and make his people believe.that he was souching their hearts when he was but tickling thetr ann effort is to be made to induce the Upper House of Convocation in London to take into con- sideration the Natal question at its forthcoming course meeting—a from which it has shrunk in former sitt notwithstanding. the remonstrances of the Lower jouse, Upwards of twenty thousand signatures have been appended to a ‘‘declaration,” which is to be presented to the Archbishop and ishops of the vince of Canterbury assembled, aren upwards of thirteen thousand to a ‘‘memorial."” The numbers are likely to receive a considerable in- crease. The following is the ‘aeclaration:”—‘We, the undersigned clergy and lay communicants of the Chureh of England, having in mind that Dr. Colenso has denied that large porti ions of the Holy Scriptures are the Word of God, has charged our Blessed Lord Jesus Christ with error, and has denied that He the proper object of Chris- tian worship, _hereb: solemnly deciare that we renounce all Christian communion with Dr. Colenso until such time as he repente of these his er- rors.” The following is the ‘‘memorial’:—‘We, the undersigned cle (or lay communicants) of the Church of beg Based voy 4 aggrieved that there should be an‘ on the part of the Church of Eng! Pe aaron accepting the spiritual validity of the sentence of deposition and excommunication Pronounced upon Dr. Colenso by the Right Rev. Metro- litan of South Africa. We believe that such delay is ught with much serious evil and tends to en- read of scepticism and infidelity. We continued postponement on the part of your right reverend house to accept the said sentence of deposition and excommunication will compromise the orthodoxy of the Church of be land and will consequently bejdangerous to the and peace. We therefore p! ou ng right rev- conn house to accept formally and 3 ically the sentence of deposition and excommunication pro- nounced upon the said Dr. Colenso, and to declare carne notin, communion with the Church of ngland.’ CHINA AND THE CHINESE. Philosophy and Organization of Government Penal Code of the Empire, Classical and Mo- dern—Virtues and Vices of the Celestials. A part of their philosophy—as, in fact, a part of the philosophy of all the Oriental races—the male and female principle, upon which their theory of creation is founded, enters into and forms a part of the governmental economy of the tawny-phizzed Mon- golians who acknowledge allegiance to the throne of the dragon. In theory the Emperor is the father of his people, the government being based upon the same ostensible principle as those of the Oriental races generally. The real name of the Emperor is never used, Hoang-te, the Great Man, being the title generally appropriated to his dusky majesty, who is also termed Hua-jin, the Little Man, and Kua-kien, the Little Prince. His edicts are unappealable, and constitute a sort of statutory law of the kingdom in contradistinction from the common law, which 13 old as the age of Confutsee and is handed down in- violate from generation to generation. By an ex- Peditious, though somewhat clumsy mode of print- ing, the body of these laws in volume form is af- forded at a price so low that no subject of the Em- peror is deemed excusable in being without them, and, hence, nearly every denizen of the kingdom ts as learned in the laws of his native country as is an ordinary lawyer in those of any European country, Further to carry out this theory of the fathership of the Emperor, all penalties are inter- preted in the nature of fatherly correction for the good of the subject, so that should his tawny maj- esty decree that the subjeet be beheaded or bastina- noed, the subject is to submit to the penalty with the meekness of an erring youth submitting to the fatherly reproof of his natural parent. The death penalty is adginistered in two ways, vi by be- heading the offender, which is the extremity of dis- grace, and by strangulation, which is reckoned less Sods ces for the reason that in the latter case the body suffers no mutilation. Next to these penalties comes the bastinado, which is administered for a long catalogue of petty offences, with the number of lashes modulated to the gravity of the offence. There is also the wearing of the can- gue, which is a sort of wooden yoke fastened about the neck of the petty criminal; and there is the branding upon the forehead—which is only resorted to im cases of repeated offence, and marks the victim as having disobeyed the paternal emperor at least once too many times. These constitute the classical penalties according to the theory of the common law. The death penalty is administered for a greater num- ber of crimes than among European nations; and this accords with the Mongolian preference: the Oriental preferring to be beheaded or strangled rather than to be held in duress for any term of years, as is more pees the case in Europe or America, worth the while to remark here that in the case of the bas- tnado an opportunity is offered for frequent bridery, of which the public executioners are not rdy in taking advantage, so that the weight of the blows received by the condemned is made to depend apon the capacity of his pocket and his liberality in dis- bursing his funds to the functionary in question, al- beit the blows are always laid on with a pompous exhibition of vigor, though they may sometimes be of the kind designated as upper strokes heavy. and downward ones light. wi nenever.a criminal js con: demned to the bastinado, which is administered sometimes with ratans and eorne imes with bamboo sticks, tue adtinistration of the sentence takes pla on the pot, the culprit being immediately sei by the executioners and whipped in open cour in presence of the magistrate. Outside of the clas- sical or common law, however, a second and varied list of penalties has been developed. Of these a few only need be specified. In some cases the victim is condemned to stand on tiptoe for a certain, number of hours—a penalty which is executed in an exceedingly ingenious manner. A frame is fitted witha yoke at the top which can be moved up and down tn the frame to accommodate it to the height of the individual. ‘This frame is composed of a conple of upright pieces about six feet apart, whic mortised tntoa andovcet right angle swith a wide piece of plank upon which the victim is to stant. The culprit, with arms pintoned, is first made to stand upright on the plank while the yoke is fitted to his neck, This being done the bar and yoke are lifted, carrying up the victim's head with them, until he is just able to rest his toes upon the plank. Should he relax the muscles of his toes of course he suspends the whole weight of his person upon his and ip this is constituted the agony of the situation. From long standing on tiptoe the muscies of the deg and ankle suffer excruciating wa cramps and convulsions often supervenyig; on the other hand, any relaxation of these weatied muscles leaves the poor unfortunate hang- ing by the neck and in imminent danger ot eee This device is often resorted to for orture and the like or toinduee ogni ndividuat confess and is thua ae ogous to the thumb screw in ita purposes, Rg unlike the latter It has not the effect to maim tim. Ps od HJ in use constitutes simp! painful of the stocks and is only mpi 2 the at a Severai a) t sticks Atted exactly, in point of distance, to the ankles of the culprit are apen into the ground. The sticks are always four in i ae pane us os of the Ken ied and are 40 ankle just passed between them. The offender is shen pinioned a8 to the arms, thrown vise oer a mn drawn er a ted at the upper end 80 as to S thorougn and iPfapeenato coun cites nt art course, in this cl - ton in the feet is speedily |, while, with the ankles. Every sensitive and pricks Metaphor, until at last the ir anfortunate igation or liberation is extended. Deaths, in fact, occasionally occur from this mode of te Emperor's fatherly correction, though it ia at the Fog 3 of the executioner a liberate should strength of the culprit be to fail during the operation of the sentence. Here, again, fg An aaa nek eg of pe which es |e part bite officer, cries of the sufferer are Sosseea the grave faved ofMcial until that cry wo articulate the og Md which, by the way, ia a word of Mongolian origin, bd tline the = ictal commences bo pays song iste lows, after which, and sccording to the amount, fed, ‘the strings ot ne laze OF loosened case the culprit i# laid fat on his back. toners then seize hold of him, two at either arm oat two at either leg, and puil with @ steady in nearly cppeains direc no those ry ifs pl py eg @ tangeot forward a very Tittle, ry noes tateraliy. ‘and steady strain im four different directions. gr and even death frequentiy ensue, bg a8 in other cases, iiberal fees to the it eanchiloasts ae a @ material effect in ma pa ad bette A the ea a5 a gg) we for ng confessions; but as these re m extort at le agen, the State, and form no part of the lar code of penalties, they May be passed over, with @ je exe , that of compelling the victim to oy ot” hich bas ‘8 given es of tine, the opera wentiy described to need particul “ organization of the y F9 Ly) of philosophy SUNDAY, JULY IGEN ee ERI ate eee eine tan a ars in el ote ee 1868, State. The Emperor t also two wives of dager rank, who are denominated simply queens (fushin), besides a3 great a number of concubines as hai King Solomon before he became aware that all things were vanil In Sho palace. however, the Empress (Hoang-hoi is invest with special privileges, whiie the wives of lesser rank are bound to strict obedience to her mandates, The succession is: not, howev. 43 might be supposed, hereditary in the Europe: sense, The sons of the Empress proper are invested, in fact, with no special diguity in this respect. The Emperor, on the other hand, selects his successor among the progeny of his three wives—the progeny of the Hoang-hoi having no more claim to the suc- cession than the progeny of the wives of lesser rank. This selection is, however, kept a state secret until the death of the Emperor, when the document naming the successor is brought forth, 1 ReOapa - an and carried into effect. For the daughters, they are erally peddied off among the lesser princes 0! the second and third generations; and as for the caste of the royal family, or those members of it who may not Denpen to be named for the succession, every gen- eration sinks them one de lower in the caste scale, until at the seventh genera- they are’ mereed into the ranks of the common ceasing to be princes and ceasing aa well io itnveated with any special priv- ileges. Princes of the first rank are salaried by tite state, and draw an amount equal to $13,500 per year, besides being allowed a retinue of 360 servants. They are required té remain at court and form a of the state of his yellow skinned jeaty, the Emperor. Princes of the lower ranks are allowed a sum equal to $4 per day, with rations, are not required to reside at court and have no ecial 2 ae except as small stipendiaries of About five thousand persons are em- sre at the royal palace—the Emperor never ap- pearing in public without a retinue of 2,000 con- stables and a body guard of a few hundred of armed soldiers. Of nobility there are five degrees, viz.:—The Kung or duke, the Han or count, Pe viscount, Tse or baron, and Nau or baronet. The civil mandarins, of whom the number is reckoned to 15,000, are divided into two classes, from the first of which the minis- ters of State are taken, and from the secona of which are filled the minor offices of the empire. The military mandarins number about 20,000, and are in rank the rs of the civil in every respect. They are distributed into five classes, distinguished by buttons on their caps, The four higher classes wear for their distinguishing button a ruby, and the lower eth compelled to be content with a genuine sapphire. the administration of the government there 1s a division into boards of oficers, of which the Revenue Board, supervising the collection of taxes, which are Partly in money ana pert in product; the Board of nalties, supervising the administration of the criminal law; the Board of Ceremonies, supervising all matters of etiquette, and the Board ‘of jullding, supervising all matters legitimately falling in its de- partment, constitute the principal working execu- tive arms of the government. For purposes of enu- meration and the collection of statistics the whole empire is subdivided into families, over each of which an officer presides, whose duty it is to Keep accurate statistics of the number of ersons in his family. Every ten of these fam- ies is supervised by a superior officer, to whom the ten inferior report; every ten of these officers of higher rank report to a second superior, who re- ports in his turn to the governor of the province, the governor of the province reporting to the Emperor, and the whole constituting, when efficiently man- aged, a bureau of statistics of complete organization, and susceptible of being made available for the col- lection of any information which may be needed. In this manner the Emperor is kept informed year by year as to increase of population, or upon any topic for information concerning which he may make requisition upon the bureau. Besides these depart- ments there is also an imperial Cabinet, endowed with special powers in its special members, every one of wWhomareports to the Emperor only on impor- tant questions of State, or only in case a 1 should be deemed of suilicient magnity worth the especial attention of the great representa- tive of the male principle of the universe, In this outline map of the organization of the ernment, the working of the Mongolian mi plainly observable. It is involved or rather involute ‘a to a degree which renders it complicated and clumsy of execution. [tis wheel within wheel, ball within ball, a puzzle of a government, more remarkable for ingenuity of construction than for any quality to commend it to the imitation of foreigners, Like the minds that invented it, it ig within ring, re; nee but not mathematical. Ti flat-nosed den} the Kast have never, in fact, exhibited any lt : titude for mathemutics—having no knowledge of algebra, but some litite-of arithmetic and astronomy, of which last they are not the possessors of the mas- tery formerly accorded to them. Their celestial maps, in fact, bear strong internal evidence of having been imported by the Jesuits and afterwards metamorphosed by native students; their knowledge has no valuable features which cannot be demonstrated to have been drawn from Jesuitical masters; and, in general, their pretensions to calculate ec! lipses and the like must be admitted to have been completely exploded by the ba. gsm of recent and more critical travellers, th agebra and the higher mathe- matics they are totally unacquainted, though alge: bra is of Oriental origin and dates from the subtle logic of the Arab; in geometry they are unproficient, and in the art of building, which is to a great ex- tent dependent upon geometrical science, they have made little progress, and will probably be indebted to Europeans for their best edifices even for a cen- tury. Their ships are parodies of ships; their houses are parodies of houses; all in all, their civilization is a parody of civilization, and has few elements of national strength or greatness about it, Nevertheless, they are acute enough in their way, and may be registered as a common sense—though the Mongolian common sense is a travesty of com- mon sense from the European standpoint—unimagi- native, literary people, with commerciai rather than agricultural leanings, deceitful in the worst sense of the word, cunning and mi § rather than subtie, but withal industrious, frugal and thrifty. Their great vices are—First, that they will smoke opium to the great detriment of their wits and of their pock- ets, and, secondly, that they have an uncongerable fondness for strangling babies, especially if they (the babies) happen to represent the female princi a Concermng this latter, it may be stated thi ve on the average. at least half of all the Temates born in the Kingdom are strangied tnmediately after their birth, the mode of strangulation being sometimes compression of the throat, or asphyxiation; sometimes suffocation by Pt AS wet cloth over the mouth, and sometimes throttling by putting a few grains of rice in the mouth and per- mitting the little innocent to try the task of swallow- ing them, A fourth method, inore generally prac- tised perhaps, is by tmmersion in a tub of cold water, or in other words by a sort of systematic drowning, with which ends the revolting catalogue of means and methods of infanticide. A third vice—if vice be a sufficiently harsh vame for either of the last two— ia that of suicide,the statistics of which, could they be collected, would be found to embody a larger per- centage of deaths by self-destruction than appears upon the records of mortality in France, really the paradise of —— suicides, THE NATIONAL GUARD. The following named officers have been commis- sioned by the Commander-in-Chief in the National Guard, State of New York, during the week ending June 27, 1868:— Firat Brigade.—Joho D. Probst, commissary of subsistence, with rank of captain, rank from May 2%, vice Theodore Mallaby, Jr., ee oy! William W. Mali, aid-de-camp, with rank of first Heutenant, rank from May 27, 1868, wie John D. Probst, pro- moted. 20! Pek foe Gill , ald-de- 2 mee Fourth Brigade. camp, with rank of 1868, vice Brown, promoted mae one po jutant meral; J. pet, tg rank from April 4 468, vice Vanden! joved from State; Baker, Jr., in aa froma Abe 8 Kearney, removed from come: K. Evans, first lieutenant, with rank from ay 1868, vice Baker, promoted; James H. Spencer, frat Hteutenant, rank from April 8, 1868, vice Austin, removed ‘State; Joho B. Sg Heutenant, Tonk roms pe miry.—d ts isos, ice T. A. Van 0 Tr. Darke, second lieutenant, rank May is, panei 5 ntl ery. b=, rank June 27, 1868, vice @ ae seventh Infaniry.—Francis W. it, col. onel, ph trom June 4, 1968, vice William H. Farrar, dismissed. Yorty-seventh Regiment.—Thomas bn cevinit, fan, from dune 11, 1868, vice George W. ns Infantry.—John BK. = ye nvr 16, 1468, vice Philip ‘Warts, re: moved; He) G. Schmidt, second 1 ener rank from Marcu 16, 16, vice Job U. Webber, from 4 in Bingaman, mr cy "1868, vice N.’ Roth, resigned: Ber- fare Rs ea Neutenant, rank from May 71, 1868, vice Jacob Haas, removed oe, Sirty-ninth Infantry.—Perer A. Hargons, lente. oat pooae ae from May 15, 1868, vice Cavani wana gh, elected ont ms, Infantry.—Joba D. byl _ leu- mint, Yank frOW May 19, 1868, vice Joseph A. Wise, promoieds Jobn N. Biggin. second ileatenant, rank Row May nN yh eet john D. Sypher, age = Seventy-n weet rank from April hy re aaa anno promoted: George C. Gourlay, first lieutenant, rank Apri 13, 1568, e Rogers, promoted; Francis Marran, second Nonvename, rank from April 13, vise George urlay. preaoe One Iindred und Third Infantry.—Jedediah R, bd ge bigs ag colonel, rank from fe. e J. jatthewson, Noyes jaar, suion, raak from June, 1868, vice heeler, .—Lewis J. promo Rose, ge from Aj 13, = ta Lf a Se ry aay eae Soni sont nm —TRIPLE SHEET. ON THE WING WESTWARD. A Rocky Mountain Excursion—Its Inception= Leaving New York—The Pennsylvania Cen= tral Railroad. It requires a cool hehd and a calculating mind to fully grasp the magnitude of the many rallway arte- ries of the West. They radiate from every centre of trade, fitting indives of energy and courage. Many of these are even continental in their character, and their respective administrations, although not unlike similar organizations elsewhere in the country, are of an extended nature and fall of mysteries. A his- tory of these undertakings, could it be written, wherein allusion would be made to the devices that have been resorted to to obtain the “controlling pow- er’’ in boards of direction, it would'‘form an amusing chapter, and possibly at the same time an instruc- tive one, One of the largest of these roads that stretch out their long iron hands grasping for the ascendancy and hoping to eventually monopolize the lfon’s share of the trade of the West isthe Chicago and North- western Railway Company. It has been full of pov- erty and embarrassment at times, yet always with increasing business, and now, it is asserted, is upon one of the “broadest and firmest foundations.” As each annual election, rolled around there was great diplomacy observable among the stockholders, the one portion residing in the Western States desiring the continuance of the old régime, while those in the East were equally energetic that there should be a subversion inthe management. The latter party have at length succeeded, and what last year seemed @ remote conclusion is now to them a pleasant reality, This as a prefatory word only. More fully developed than with any railroad com- pany extant is an idea entertained by the gentlemen of the Chicago and Northwestern road that ratl- way excursions are replete with pleasantness and excitement; that they have that dash of daring which humanity always more or less affect, and this feeling is in perfect accord with the ladies of their respective families and their friends generally. Guided by these feelings, and with memories of pre- vious excursions as an incentive, there left this city the 1st of June for uhicago a party of prominent ladies and gentlemen, the latter “distinguished rail- way Officials,” that, first, the vitalizing element of this railway company from New York might have its proper representation there during the annual election, then to be held, and, secondly, that an ex- cursion to the Rocky Mountains, purposed to be one of magnitude and elegance, should be enjoyed by such as the company. in tts judgment and ee might invite. juiticiently gratifying, indeed, were the progress and success of theattempts regard- ing the administration of the company’s properties and earnings, and grand, too, were the inception, pro- gress and termination of the excursion referred to, as those that may not be weary of a plain! rendered narrative of a trip that almost spanned the Contl- nent in less than a week will be convinced. The Jowa division of the Chicago and Northwestern Rall- Way, as all know, extends to Council Bluffs, on the Missouri river, opposite Omaha, its point of connec- tion with the Union Pacific Railroad and to the end of the latter route, 80 far as finished, amid scenes of nature luxuriant, sterile, majestic and lovely, two hundred persons coquetted, returning with enlarged ideas of “‘limitiess prairies’,and of their country. An excursion party to the Rocky Mountains under ordinary circumstances would not possess bon un- usual degree of interest, but the extraordinary character of this demanded attention and received it with such words of approbation from crowds through every State and Territory which they passed that praise of the appointments aud magnitude of the train became quite a cheap commodity and “an old story.” In order not to be wearisome, and comply with the invitation of the committee of the Chicago and Northwestern road, under whose direction the excursion was planned, it is purposed to digress at times from: the contemplation of brilli- ant throngs, gorgeously and uniquely Otved up cars, to the work of giving information of interest rela- tive to the character of construction, fittings and condition of the several railroads over which the party passed, with allusions to the engines, passen- gers and freight cars, respectively, so far as it was racticable to note as ‘on the wing” the excursion- its went to the West. ear dipped in rose-water and deftly used could Nardly give the delicate tints desired to many points of interest on the plains; nor could one, tracing words with wormwood and gall, portray some of the sights along the roads travelied. To understand and appreciate the greatness and rapidity of growth of the West requires a ride not alone through the rich regions and abundantly growing lands east of the Missouri river, but a journey must be made west of this where will be seen oceans of rich, fertile prai- ries, big rivers, majestic snow-capped moun- tains, and miles and miles of almost a desert, where the parched, stunted grasa tells of the presence of an alkaline element that precludes the chance of life in vegetation. Thon- sands of travellers, should they not rush hastily abroad to examine marvels there, would by under- taking a journey of this character be struck with the wonders within four or five days’ ride, The New York party left. Jersey City the night of the 1st inst., travelling over the Allentown, Penn- sylvania Central and Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway lines, reaching hic ‘ago on the morn- ing of the 3d inst. AS darkness came on by or be- fore the starting of the train naught was noticed of the condition of the roads over which the train passed with lightni: BE) until the vicinity of Altoona was reached. Here are the construction shops of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad, under the superintendence of Mr. Edward T. W. iuiama, and in extent and character are probably inferior to none in the country. It required but little solicita- tion to organize an inspection Ey to these works, where the facilities possessed by the road for the construction and repair of engines were especially noted. As an evidence of their extent ten engines were found tn the erection shop at that time in process of construction. he grade of the road from Altoona over and around the Alleghany Mountains is very steep, averaging ninety-five feet to the mile, attaining an elevation of eight hundred feet in ten miles, Two engines were required to ascend this grade, and the country about tt offers many charms for the pilgrims in nature. Those who leave crowded cities climb- ing to the high places of the earth can find here some of the most impressive works in nature, and they would be dull indeed who cannot feel the in- fluence of these gigantic scenes. Such was the magnificence of the sight, or sights plied on sights, that there could be no restraint to the joy they caused, Omnipotence ia there! Nor is it one moun- tain height alone, but “each on others throng," to- gether with their grand accompaniments, attecting the mind intensely. ‘There are the fearful prectpices; the overhanging rocks dimly seen thi passing vapors, or almost hidden for @ moment beyond some sweeping ativery cloud; quiet lakes contrasting with tiny pellucid streams that seem oy their roar to be angry. But the unchanged, the everlasting ag the ruins perhaps of a former world, these are emblems of eternity. The beauty of gentie, ‘a0 ng meadows and “tall trees with leaves apparelled,’’ flowers it and fair, are all what will make the remembrance of this portion of the road along the Pennsylvania Central always vivid. The “Horseshoe” at Kittaning Point, to those that feel that accidents wiil happen on railways, causes a shudder. The boi a train. point the teed os no i igtlans nh of wel ~ he ce, auch a corps veryday matters “‘on the rail” occur aot nt consequence i i ae Mt Here's od prove lly r noted t ere men and stations; these mea should pat os road along the i a pertorm their Fs even jor a] bent on the ee cay, of salt terecervation, weal cere the reef has a double track wherever business re- it, and in Darts stee! rails are latd—these quires stout Natoma ot enila are eee the standard ia ballasted with with cross ties two atl ft art. These ofttimes take fire by rticles Ce eenat from the fy A , and ition in this very is had to rs seem to ‘first class road’ ines of the jnable wn, points. ‘The hg pa Se iron woul ve a of sec now piest character of wooden at thote “being. dred’ ‘The "passeu, ing , pose, cars be greatly improved, Regma some of Ser latest additions are many steps in advance of those furnished a a! 10. is ts T attention comforts of the travelling pubiic—more ventilation, a copying of sume of the cars On & portwon of the \Wesern to be referred to fully in connection with this excursion. Otuer and important ponte will to in the matter of improvements ‘hich this road should, with all ite weaith, have at Soe erra the thetr are adverted to, to rate dl ——————— the generat sont is applicable at this time worthy of frequent repetition—‘“It seems never too to go Weat.” East of the Mia- sourt river i8 a world of examples of what may be accomplished by energetic men acting on this invigorating motto, Of course their achieve- menta and successes have Only been wou by hard Work and temperate habita, no! by those men who have been prodigal of the energies vor life at its out- oe rie have worn themselves down in the pursuit of gold or pleasure in the first few years of existence, To all who work there wie will each ay Witnesses Some new feature in life, bi winging back re ich returns, like bread upon the waters, Even at the luc eption of a trip that was of 3o much greater magnitlde than ever before attempted, and if is fair to presage ever will be again under such auspices, the thread is broken and a moment's rest ia desired, The Rocky Mountain Excursionists from Pittaburg to ChicagomThe Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad—Its Manage- ment and [ts General Condition—The Party Meet Friends—Again Westward Ho! With an idea similar to that, perhaps, thar caused Dr. Johnson to remark that the finest prospect in the world was the one up Floet street, the Indies and some of the gentlemen of the Rocky Mountain ex. cursion party immediately after leaving Pittsburg, speeding at times forty miles an hour towards Chicago, that modest town where inhabitants have but little “confidence in themseives,” almost petu- lantly expressed that, notwithstanding the glorious hours in anticipation ere their journey should bea complete one, that New York, however great the attractions of the outside world, was yet a pleasant place to live. Weariness had asserted its supremacy, and with folded note books, wherein in delicate characters the observing ladies had attempted to note the incidents of the trip, they endeavored to dose and thus rest. But resting and sleeping upon the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago troad 18 30 much of an impossi- bility and so much of an absurdity that’ the thought becomes supremely ridiculous. Rough, uneven rail- roads are numerous in the United States; sharp, abrupt ourves are too frequently to be found, and many engineers shoot along them with but little reflection for either the safety or comfort of travel- lers, but pre-eminently the roughest, the least arty of many roads traversed over, the above olds the winning hand. It is dusty, in many places out of repair, their passenger cars offer but little comfort under the most favorable circumstances, and so far as practicable to further observe, “‘riaing on that rail’? is suMciently startling without the usual concomitant of tar and feathers, It does not present the least semblance of pleasing re- trospection, Before these assertions are made good it will not be mal-apropos to note the revolution that harassed the sensitive minds of the Pittsburgers at that time in regard tothe above railroad, that loomed up in their imaginations as an avenging hand to sweep at one feli blow business and prominence from their smoky midst. Pittsburg was really troubled—in fact, not to put too fine a Dy upon it, was wrathy about the Ist of June, and the reasons Were the: The Pennsylvania Central Railroad has its point of connection there with the Fort Wayne, and, fearing the construction of a proposed railway route, to be known as the Aris Valley and Donnellaville roads, already having made progress over an ex- ceedingly favorable route to Philadelphia, whereby they could resist the “machinations of the great monopoly’ (Central), the latter would not allow this, and, failing to obtain control of the new lines, attempted a crushing process—striking boldly for the Fort Wayne, and winning. The ab- sorption of this road would prevent the new lines: from carrying out their laudabie intentions, and oniy when the contract for the swallowing up of the Fort Wayne was in preparation did the Seaipus business men of Pittsburg exhibit their anger, breatht anathemas against the Central, as they considered tt an imperious master, and their last act of hostility to the city a serious and lasting injury to its egies This was the basis of the troubie that hung [ dark clouds of smoke over the city as the excur- sionists passed along its limita, and none seemed more enjoyed at the vituperative language mutually used than the stockholders composing a portion of the party. Now tothe Fort Wayne Road. Naturally, in the inspection of railroads, the first thing which de- mands attention is the ties. As the practised eye examines them at different points upon the road it will be struck with amazement at the general care- lessness apparent regarding their condition. Few miles out of Pittsburg they were noticed to be in too Many instances unsound or so worn as to be wortl- less; and yet there was little or no evidence of their be i removed and renewed. This deficiency, af- fecting greatly the value of the road, was seen at such a number of places that even those who were interested to an extent in its operations joined their expressions of disapproval at the laxity of those having this branch of the route in charge. There ts also an evidence that better, more durable wood thaa. some of them are made of could be used. The seiec- tion of this is ofsuch moment and go generally ad- mitted to be of the LU esieecry importance that it seems almost supertiuous to allude to it. The ballasting of the road, next in importance, tf not equally as much s0 as the matter of ties, was observed, Stone ballasting is held by competent rallway engineers to be the better mode of givang security tothe foundation of a railroad, but tia work requires not ay constant attention by ex- perienced overseers when being carried on, that thoughtless and careless laborers should not sligut it, but excellent discrimination, that tt should be perfectly or even decently finished. So far as could be noted the Fort Wayne road exhibits a iamentable deficiency in this respect, and tt has the effect at tirst sight of giving the observer the impression that = road was but poorly cared for—perhaps greauly lected would be the more appropriate term. he bridges of every railroad are its vital parts. Lf care in the construction of these ts not exercised; if @ proper knowledge of the strength of materiais is not possessed by engineers having such in charge; tf miserable, shiftiess, insecure, unpardonably cheap structures are thrown hurriedly across broad rivers, deep ravines and wide chasis; if wood 8 used where tron is almost as economical, but not being quite so, is never given a reflection, and the wooden structure is allowed to suffer general decay because of negiect, or the necessary expenditure of a few dollars; then, indeed, the traveller may be appalled at the risks of ratiway transportation, while light breaks upon his mind as to the cause or causes that have, in the matter of broken bridges within the limited history of raliroading tn the United States, sent whizzing to destruction trains upon trains, and the dart of death to thousands of hearta. Yes, they may be shocked at the recklessness ex- hibited in this vital particular, too frequently ob- servable along roads miles from signal stationa, surround by a wilderness, and then pertinentiy ask why such things exist? In too many cases the bridges and culverts along the Fort ayne route bear evidence of untitness, embodying hastinces of construction, deficiency of materials and strengthen- Ing appliances, and hence there is insecurity. Wood structures are nearly everywhere used; these have been thrown across openings and streams, and oftentimes swept away by a moderate rise of the Water beneath. Where iron bridges cost but as much again per lineal foot as wooden structures, are not subjected to burning, nor the thousand dangers that assall the lightly constructed wooden ee it seems to be an insuit from heartiess corporations to an intelligent travelling public that they affect ca-4 ic as an evidence of success, rather than safet, the transmiasion of those who tneet too many an gers at the best. The track of the Fort Wayne road, boy ll in sS places, and then to no extent, is a sii rails too frequently bear te evidence hard and seem light in character; too greatly so nage heavy trains that fall, frequentiy over them, Occa- sionaily for great distances after leaving stations and then again miles beyond, rails were seen that were worn at sides, presenting a torn appearance, pieces being broken away by the excessive weight of trains or the result of a poor quality of iron. is t# oer. tainly at variance with the idea of security and requires remedial action. ere are in too Many instances noticeable depart- ures from levels, making abrupt curves seemingly for economy's sake only. Cuts are avoided as they were Lore head where straighter lives mij with littie tonal expense, been main’ Y engineers recognize the delicacy of laying out the curves of railroads. The computation necessary to insure pertectness and safety in this matter requires Well ‘rained minds and cool heads. When laying track, where it isexpected considerable speed may be attained, tt is the custom to elevate the outer rail on aeet oe that the centrifugal force may be counter- which te excited bytne rapidity wite wile tee ¢ cars leave a@ straight line or it and strike the curve, The proper mode of executing this work is to commence to Sevate the rail ually on the tan, curve is reached, so that when the train aurikes tt the proper elevation is obtained and the centrifugal force overcome. Engineers have as many different ideas a3 to the amount of elevation necessary to the construction of curves as there are men in the pro- feasion; but one rule quite generally observed on the principal roads in the United States is about one iach to oe degree, or for a two degree curve two inches, six degrees stx tnghes, signe jegrees eight inc hea— the latter vet it as heavy @ carve as is gene- ralty need wit dean lines and considerabiy hea- vier than engineers of cantion shouid use if it ean be avoided under any circumstances. An examinauon ‘ofthe Port Wayne road by persons of exporicace pid. termine whether this rule has there beeu ub- oy ditching of the road in many places has been sadly pea Miles will be seen where this great or) boner erat it and make ie order. rades In some instances is ted. that of collision or the e fallin ope embankment, their comparatively light sides would be uy La, ie pracuicat it ~ can by? tn foie pee