The New York Herald Newspaper, March 22, 1868, Page 7

‘TELEGRAPHIC NEWS ROME. SPECIAL TELEGRAM TO THE HERALD. Admiral Farragut in the Eternal City—His Reception by the Pope. Rome, March 21, 1868. Admiral Farragut, of the United States navy, who took his departure from Naples amid enthusiastic cries of viva on the 16th instant, has arrived in the Eternal City. The citizen Admiral, attended by his suite, was presented to his Holiness Pope Pius the Ninth to- day at the Vatican. * The Pope received the Admiral in his usual kind manner, and accorded a most gracious reception not only to the distinguished American naval com- mander, but to every officer in attendance on him. Admiral Farragut will remain in Rome during one month. - ITALY. ‘SPECIAL TELEGRAM TO THE HERALD. Garibaldi Declines an American Official Po- sition. FLORENCE, March 21, 1868. Garibaldi has written a letter to George P. Marsh, United States Minister at the Italian court, declining to be an agent of the United States Government. TURKEY. Fuad Pacha and the United States Minister. CONSTANTINOPLE, March 20, 1868, Diplomatic intercourse, which had been tempora- rily ‘interrupted between the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs, Fuad Pacha, and Mr. Edward Joy Morris, the American Ambassador at Constantino- ple, has been resumed since the receipt of a favor- able despatch from Secretary Seward tending to an adjustment of the difference which had arisen with the American Legation. AUSTRIA. Legislative Defeat of the Clerical Party. Vienna, March 21, 1868. The Upper House of the Reichsrath has rejected a motion, made by the clerical party, to defer action upon the Civil Marriage bill until a change is made in the concordat. GERMANY. ‘The American Naturalization Treaty. BERLIN, March 21, 1868. The Council of the North German Confederation has approved the treaty recently concluded with the United States securing the rights of naturalized American citizens. IRELAND. Captain Mackay’s Sentence for Treason. Cork, March 21, 1868. Captain Mackay, a Fenian officer, has been sen- tenced to imprisonment at hard labor for the term of twelve years. CUBA. General Market Report. Havana, March 21, 1868. ‘The following are the closing prices of merchan- dise for the week:— Sugar.—The market is firm at 7% a 8 reals for No. 10 to 12, and 8% a 9 reals for No. 15 to 20 per arrobe. Muscovado—Inferior to common refining, 5M @ 6% reals; oe Root Te ania oaeredd grocery , 7a 85 ime Shot, oa ron Fobe.” Molasses sugar, 536 8 6% for No. Molasses, 6 reals for clayed, reals for common or muscovado. Bacon, per pound. Petroleum, 3 reals per gallon, ‘and 3X reals per gailon in tins. Shooks, for a box, and 18 a 22 reals per bundle. $12 50.0 $13 50 per bbl. Hams, 1c. per Ib. for salt and 18¢. for sugar cnred. Lumber, $24 a $26 per thousand feet for white pine, and $19 for e. Rosin, $4 per bbl. Tar, $4 per bbl. Pitch, r bbl. Turpentine, $6 50 & $7. Oulons, $12 ‘tb Potatoes are abundant at $4a $4 50 per bbl, VANCOUVER’S ISLAND. Wreck of the Ship RosolioMarine Intelli- gence from Victor San FRANCISCO, March 20, 1868. The ship Rosolio, with a cargo of lumber for China, ‘went ashore last night during a heavy gale, on Dis- covery Island in Puget Sound. Vessel and cargo will robably prove a total loss. fenimgate sailed from Victoria yesterday for ‘ork with a cargo of telegraph material. Ship Fannie with a cargo of coal has arrived Victoria from San Franc! THE NEW DOMINION. Patents for Americans—The Roman Question and the Departure of Zouaves—Insurance Interests Before the Finance Minister. Orrawa, Ontario, March 21, 1868. A bill is now in the course of preparation by the government which will enable Americans to take out patents in the Domini¢h on the same terms as Cana- dians obtain patents in the United States. Notice has been given by the government of an inquiry whether any steps have been taken to pre- vent the departure of an armed force for Rome to make war upon a people with whom Canada is at ‘A deputation representing the tobacco, banking and insurance interests has had an interview with the Finance Minister in regard to insurance, &c. Repre- sentatives of English companies favor a bili betore the House which requires a deposit of over $100,000, while representatives of American companies are opposed to the deposit system altogether. Tho Ice at Montreal—More Zouaves for the Pope—Reported Frauds. MONTREAL, March 20, 1868, ‘The ioe opposite this city has commenced to give ‘way. There is an open channel between here and St. ‘Lambert. A man was drowned yesterday while ‘The second detachment of Zouaves will leave Mon- treal on the 16th April. It ts rumored that large frauds have been discov- ered in one of the Grank Trunk Rallway depart- ents. mEolonel vg Be been appointed arbitrator on be- half of the Dominion government to settle the ac- counts between Ontario and Quebec, THE INDIANS. Depredations in Grant County, New Mexico ‘Trains Attacked and Mules Stampeded. St. Louts, March 21, 1868, Letters from New Mexico, dated Lansburg, March 3, say that the Indians in the adjoining county of Grant are infesting the roads and depredating upon almost everybody who travels that way. They appear in large numbers—sumiciently so to jeopardize the ‘of the largest trains. Only a jew days since, tw Forts ayard and = Cumminy they at- tacked @ train, killed one man and killed and wounded ten mules and prevented the train from moving until relieved from Rio Membrasa, a @stance of twenty or twenty-five miles. Subse- quently they attacked the train of Mr. Joab Bernard, Of Westport, Mo., and killed one mule and wounded another; after which they bys ge the mules, elenty be them belonging to Mr. Hning escaped with them. 1OWA. Action of the Legislature on the Proposed * Drawbridge at Council Blaffs. Des Motes, March 21, 1968, ‘The Iowa Legislature to-day, without a dissenting ‘Tote, adopted @ resolution memorializing Congress to t the erection of a railroad enreen Saree fad tie eupee inay cranity. perfect safety ta the biehess YLAND. MAR A Transportation Case in Baltimore=The Rights of Common Carriers and Shippers Of Freight. BALTIMORE, March 21, 1868, In the Superior Court this morning the suit of Adolphus Brandies and William W, Crawford, of Louisville, Ky., against the Baltimore and Ohio Railway Company, to recover $15,000 damages for an alleged failure of the company to deliver 3,300 barrels of flour and 128 tons shipstuff in reasonable time and negligence in transportation, was concluded, The said articles and goods in question were shipped by the plaintiffs on the 25th of February and 13th and 15th of March, at Louisville, for Boston, by the way of Baltimore, and reached their destination on the Sth and 24th of April and 5th of May, same year. Prices in the meantime had been con- siderably reduced. It was in evidence that fifteen davs, at most, was the time required to make the shiomens) heevesn the ae, poinise—Louleyilie and . ‘The court granted the foll rayer b; the defendants:— . RHONA RATE WY That by the terms of the contract the consigners were bound, in the event of claiming damages. to have notified the Merchants’ and Miners’ Trans} tion Company by reporting their claim for damages to said company as the delivery line. If the jury shall believe the evidence: to that eitect, and if the jury find that the said consigners made no such re- port within the time stipulated in the bills of lading, they are to be regarded as having waived every claim Tor Canges, and the plaintiffs are not entitled to ver, In accordance with instructions the jury rendered @ verdict in favor of the defendants. VIRGINIA. The Convention—Report of the Commhtee on Representation, RicuMonp, March 21, 1868, In the Reconstruction Convention to-day the report of the Committee on Representation was read. It adds forty-seven to the present number of members of the Legislature, MISSISSIPPI. The Convention—General Gillem Refuses to Furnish Information Requested. JACKSON, March 21, 1868, General Gillem has refused to furnish the Recon- struction Convention with the names of the citizens who gave certain information upon which Governor Ea toys, based his proclamation of December 21, ARKANSAS. The Election—Almost Certain Defeat of the Constitution. MEMPHIS, March 21, 1868. Adespatch from Little Rock, Ark., says the elec- tion has been completed in but few counties. Partial returns show a large falling off in the negro vote. ‘The majority against the constitution will be larger than was anticipated, The whites voted almost unanimously against it. GEORGIA. Proposed Withdrawal of Judge Reese—The Democratic State Central Committee. ATLANTA, March 21, 1868, It ts understood that Hon. Augusts Reese will with- draw from the gubernatorial contest on the ground of ineligibility. His letter of withdrawal will appear in a few days. The following call has been issued:— The Central Executive Committee of the demo- cratic party of Georgia will meet at the Lanier House, in Macon, on Thursday evening next, on im- portant business. E. G. CABINESS, Chairman. ~ KENTUCKY. Railroad Matters—Proposed Double Com- munication Between Louisville and St. Louis—Heavy Robbery in Russellville. LoumsvILLE, March 21, 1868, It is understood that the Ohio and Mississippi Rail- Toad is tobe extended this season to New Albany. The route will be from North Vernon, on nearly an airline, to New Albany. It is also understood that the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad have made a pro- position to lay a third rail over the narrow gauge Jeffersonville road, between Jeffersonville and Sey- mour, and thus make a direct broad guage communt- cation between the Falls of the Ohio and St. Louis, At Russellville, Ky., yesterday, the banking house of N. Long & ©». was entered by five men and robbed of $0,000. in currency and an unknown amount of private deposits. ey shot Mr. Long and knocked himrdown. He subsequently recovered and gave the alarm. General shooting commenced, during which a Mr. Owens was slightly wounded The robbers escaped to Frankfort. The Libel Suit in Cincinnati-The Jury Dis- agrees. CINCINNATI, March 21, 1868, The jury in the libel suit brought by one Myers against Mr. Halstead, one of the proprietors of the Cicinnati Commercial, failed to agree and were dis- charged. [t is understood that the jury stood eight for the defendant, two for one cent damages and wo for a larger amount. OREGON. The Democratic State Convention—Pendicton the Favorite. SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., March 20, 1868, The Oregon Democratic State Convention to-day nominated Mr. J.S. Smith for Congress. The Con- vention decided unanimously for Mr. Pendieton for Presideut. The platform adopted by the Convention is conservative and denocratic, NORTH CAROLINA. The Financial Cordition of the State Under | the New Constitution, RALeion, March 21, 1868, An article inthe Rileigh Sentinal of to-day, pre- pared from official dda, estimates the public debt of North Carolina ander the new Constitution to be on the 1st of July, 18@, $19,076,500; the interest on which, due on thai he will be $851,000 and is ordered to be paid by the Constitution, The article shows that the additional tax upon the people of te State required to be raised next year under tk new constitution will be $035,000, both of whih being added to the present taxes will swell the ti.xes to be raised for 1849 by the people of this State to $2,600,000, Heretofore the State taxes, leaving ait the county taxcs and inter- est, have never been hore than $300,000, EUROPE\N MARKETS. Lonpon Monty Janket.—Lonpox, March 21— 3 P. M.—Consols clos firmer, at 9334 a 934 for money and the account. Anerican securities close at the following quotation:—United States five-twenty ponds have advance¢ to 72’4; Erle shares have de- clined to 46%; [linotCentrals, 8934. FRANKFORT. BOUSE.—FRANKFORT, March 21-~ 11:15 A. M.—United States bonds opened at 75% a 75% for the issue of 162. LivervooL Cotto MARKET.—LIVRRPOOL, March 21—3 P, M.—The maket closed firm and rather more The ati La} 4 - geceations Middiing uplands, n port an: arrive, 10%4d.; Middling cveaus, i¢d. ‘The sales of the day foot up 15,000 bales. LIVERPOOL BREASTS MARKET.—LIvERPOOL, March 21—3 P. M.—le market closes without any changes in qnotatiot. Corn 408. 94. per quarter for mixed Western. Wbat—California white 15a, 10d, and No, 2 red 14s, yr cental. 58. 6d. per 00 Ibs. for American, fats 48. 24. per 45 Ibs. for Amer. tean. Peas 46a. quarter for Canadian, Flour 878. per bbl. for Weern State, Liverroot, PRoisions MARKET.—Lrverroot, March 21—3 P. M.—ard has advanced to 61s, 6d. per ewt.; the market Osed strong. Cheese 57s, ewt. for the best gries of American fine. Beef 1: t bbl. for extra rime mess. Lard 60s. per cwt, for American. Bact 42s. per cwt. for Cumberland cut middies, Liverroot | Pipvcr Ee aie eel March 21—3 P. M.—Allow 34. higher, closing firm 44s. 6d. cwt, for merican. Sugar opens iy at 26s, 6d. for No. 12 Dth standard. Rosin 6s. 9d. for common and 12s. f¢medium per cwt. Turpentine 34s, per cwt. for spits, Petroleum—Refined, 1s, 8d.; spires, 1s, 2d. » Linseed cakes £10 158. PRTROLEUM MARMr.—ANTWERP, March 21.—The petroleum market flat, and standard white is nominal at 43 franct centimes. EUROPEAI] MARINE NEWS. Quarxerows, Mh 2i—The Cunard Meamsnt Acotralasion, Capta Mollicken, ‘which sailed froth few York on the 11 instant, @rrived at. this suhseqnently satled for NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, CALIFORNIA, The Legislature—Business Scspension in San FranciscoMarket Quos ations. SAN FRANCISCO, Mavch 21, 1868. Bills greating an insurance commissioner and re- pcalingYhe insurance deposit law passed botli Houses of the Legislature to-day. The suspension of Henry Carlton, Jr., has been @u- nounced, but his liabilities are not stated. A meet- ing of his creditors is called for the 23d March. pa ‘he breadstuifs market is dull, but prices are un- The market quotations of mining shares are sus- tained, Crown Point, $22; Ophir. $200; Gould & Curry, $600; Chailer, $250; ‘Hale & Morcross, $2,760; Yellow Jacket, $1350; Belcher, $390; Bullion, $65; Kentuek, $400; Imperial, $260; Savage, $150; Ama- dor, $300; Overman, $480; new issue Alpha consoll- dated, $75 per share, BOOK NOTICE. Tae PuBLic Der OF THE UNITED States. Its OR- GANIZATION—ITS LIQUIDATION; ADMINISTRATION OF THE TREASURY; THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM. BY J. 8. Gibbons, This volume of two hundred auf eighty pages con- tains a great deal of valuable matter on all the topics pertaining to national finances embraced under the above heads and on kindred subjects. The author writes like a commercial man. All his views and arguments are based upon commercial practice and theories, With him commerce is the sun around which everything revolves. It is the life giving power to industry, to national wealth and national finance, and to the well belng of society. He meas- ures everything by this standard, and therefore whatever conflicts with the interests of commerce is to him wrong in theory and injurious in practice. He applies this principle throughout the whole work to the operations of the Treasury Department, to the revenue system, to the currency, to taxation and to the national banks. Doubtless the principle he lays down is a sound one if our system of commerce be good, and if the system of banking, which he makes an essential part and controlling agent in commerce, be on a good foundation. Ifhe means commerce in the broadest and widest sense, internal as well as foreign, the general exchange of the products of labor in the towns and villages of the whole country as well as the great shipping and trading transactions at the central marts and with foreign countries, we agree with him that all the operations of government should be made in accordance with and for the in- terests of commerce. In this sense commerce in- cludes the whole business of a country, and is the source of wealth, geneval well being and civilization toall, But the question bites: how is this general principe to be applied? Certainly not by favoring one int€rest more than another or to the detriment of another. Most assuredly not by making the bank- ing interest paramount to all other interests and by making it all powerful, as it seems this writer would make it. He favors the national bank system and bank monopolies in general, and in doing so takes a very narrow and incorrect view of the commercial interests of the ‘at body of the people. Banks may be useful or necessary to com- merce, but they may be so organized or combined as to absorb all the profits of industry, to keep the mass of the people in poverty, or to be a danger or an embarrassment to the government. But apart from the writer's blind faith in the bank- ing system as the sum of all good, there is, as we said, a great deal of valuable matter in the book, He is very severe on Mr. McCulloch's financial crudities and management of the Treasury Department. “The official reports of Mr. McCulloch,” he says, “afford the fullest testimony to the disastrous consequences of the Treasury policy. There has been nochange in that policy since his acccession to the Secretaryshi and no pause in the current of misfortune.” Through- out the whole work he cuts up root and branch the narrow and absurd policy and inconsistencies of the Secretary. With regard to the liquidation of the national debt, he proposes that this shall be @ very gradual and slow process, extendin over a period of & hundred and forty years; an¢ he argues that any attempt to liquidate the debt within a short or much shorter time will be dis- astrous to comme and the general interests of the country, because, he says, it would make the burden of taxation too heavy and abstract capital from pro- duction, He ridicules, therefore, Mr. McCulloch's idea of making the present generation, Waich con- tracted the debt, pay the buik of it.’ Though he scouts the idea that a national debt is a national blessing, he thinks it would be an evil to liquidate it within the lifetime of the present generation. The plan for the perpetuation of the debt for as long a period as he proposes, or even for half that time, would probably make it as permanent as the British. national gebt. It is only by familiarizing the people of this country with a steady and pretty rapid liqul- dation that will make them contented to bear the weight of the debt. Nor do we see any good reason for believing a rapid liquidation wouid be detrimental to commerce, On the contrary, the more capital is set free from investment in government securities, the more it would be invested in the productive peg freer of agriculture, mining, manufacturing and commerce. Mr. Gibbons shows, we think, that it is not a re- dundancy of currency that prevents a return to specie payments, but the weight of taxation, the mismanagement of our finances and the abnormal condition in which the war has left us. Making al- lowance for the greenback currency which is locked up as areserve in the banks, and, therefore, which is not strictly in circulation, he shows that the actual volume of circulation is not greater than just before the war or even than ten years ago. He gives the figures to prove this assertion, and certainly makes out what to many may appear a surprising and unexpected state of things. There ure a great muny other points relative to our debt and financial system in this work worthy of notice, though they are diffused and jumbled together without proper order; but we must leave the reader to pic out aud digest them himself, On the wt book wiil be found a useful contribution to the litera- ture of the day on the prolific subjects of which it reats, BROOKLYN INTELLIGENCE. ASSAULTED AND ROBBED—PROBABLE Fatat Re- svLT.—Between one and two o'clock yesterday morning, a oficers Quick and Van Wickien, of the Forty-firat precinct, were proceeding through Hicks street, near Atlantic, their attention was attracted by the groana of a man whom, on looking about, they discovered lying upon the sidewalk, near the stoop. He was so badly injured that he was unable to walk, ond was apparently in a state of seml-unconsciousness; so the oifiicers were compelled to pick him aj and carry iP y him to the station house in Washington street, a dis- tance of nearly a mile. On arriving there the man seemed ty revive, but being a German, and unabie to converse In English, the officers were unable to certain how he had received his injuries. An in- terpreter was procared, when the unfortunate man stated that his name was Gustave Fahn, and that he had been assaulted and robbed by five men who attacked him just after he crossed the South ferry, at the foot of Atlantic street. On examination it was found that two or three of his ribs had been broken, just over his left Inng, and as he was in great agony it is supposed that the fractured bones might possibly have perforated his lung. If such is the case his recovery is considered hopeless. He states that heis a carpenter, but as he was out of work he started on Friday for the town of Cornstadt, in West- chester county, Ww! he had heard that he might obtain work. He left there on Friday night and reached the city about eleven o'clock, havin: @ number of tools im_ his a ® small amount of money, When passi up Atlantic street, one of the raffians came up an siruck him a blow on the side with a heavy club, and this was unfortunately in the same place where he had been injured by i from a building in Ger- many about three years ago. The biow feliea him to the pavement, and four other ruffians then jumped upon him, kicked and beat him until he was in- sensible, when they robbed him of his tools and money. _ They let him lying in the gutter, where he remained in an unconscious state for about two hours, When he __ recovered he undertook to make his way home and had gone about four blocks, when he fainted and sunk down upon the sidewalk, where he was found by the off- cera, By the advice of Surgeon Cochran, the officers started with him to the ie Istand College Hi tal, but when reaching there those in charge of the in- stitution father objected to take him in, from the fact that they had a man there who was likely to die, and they were fearful that the noise of Fahn might have a fatal effect. At the request of the injured man he was then taken to his home at the corner of Baltic and Smith streets. His family is nted to be in vi destitute circumstances, n this audacious aa they are now entirely de- prived of all means of sustenance. SURROGATE’s CourT.—The wilis of the following named persons were proved in the Surrogate’s Court during the week :—Frederick Kleinan, Michael Donohoe, Cornelius J, Sprague, James ‘W. Taylor, Jonah Brundage, all of peat Letters of administration were granted in the estate of the following named deceased persons, viz:—Catharine Gorman, of the city of Lawren: Mass., to Francis Gorman; Mary Casey, Abby Rowland to Nel Hannadi Edward Meacham, Mi ler 4 ¢ Letters of ananip of John J. I. petorme bes = irene N.. Delorme and of Wallace H. Ham James M. Badge, all of the city of Brooklyn, Bopy OF A DROWNED MAN RECOVERRD.—Yesterday afternoon the body of a drowned was formd foat- ing in the river at the foot of Partition Read Hook Point. Deceased had evidently been in the water for several days, and had on & black frook coat, dar pants, white shirt and ree, tred neck: tie. He is about forty years of ag of medium | aslo MARCH 22, 1868:—TRIPLE THE PRESEAT CONDITION OF MDXICO AND . WHAT SHE REQUIRES, During the last eight years and until recentiy the American mind has been diverted from Mextvan affairs; but an attentive observer of passing events cannot have failed to note the advancing steps which Mexico has taken towards the impregnable fortress of civilization and free government. Every nation has its horoscope and the events of the world their Decessary law. There is no country and no people on the face of the globe wherein there are so many deviations from the common analogies of nations as in Mexico and among the Mexicans. To outward appearances she is a juxtaposition of loosely con- nected provinces, politically and progressionally im- potent, even in contact with the stirring and ener- getic elements of the United States; but, to compre- hend these anomalies, it is necessary to consider that the whole social superstructure of Mexico is due to the peculiar geographical surroundings of her people. In Mexico there is a remarkable triunity of cir- cumstances, not only in her sojl, climate and produc- tions, but, corresponding with the natural divisions of the topography, her inhabitants are distributed over the country as whites, mestizoes and Indians, Yet while these distinctive separations prevail, there ia no collision of the social elements, no war of races, and no ancient antipathies indulged. On the other hand, there is a blending of castes and an enduring current of fraternal sympathy, upon which the extremes of wealth and the extremes of poverty drift strangely together. Unlike us, Mexico has no permanent literature which serves as an exponent of her interior life; neither has she a widely diffused body of contein- poraneous historians—the press to create exchanges of thought and record the ordeal through which she is unconsciously passing. She has no other students of history than the rustic custodians of tradition, who, far from becoming lovers of country, are mere- ly lovers of locality. Hence it is that the Mexican never emigrates, and he is instinctively the enemy of colonization. But apart from these obstacles to her advancement, we must not fall to notice the physical diMculties which her topography presents to the sclence of engineering, or how much the deficiency of navigable rivers in Mexico has con- tributed to retard her civilization and progress. Unthinking people are apt to attempt to establish @ parallel between the colonial antecedents of the United States and those of Mexico. But there are no coincident circumstances in their history, neither during the struggle for separate nationality nor at any subsequent period. The grievances contained in the American Declaration of Independence sink into utter insignificance before the recital of Spanish cruelties in Mexico, and bear no comparison to the heart-breaking appeals for mercy that ascended to the throne of Spain, The American colonies fought for liberty and the principles of free government—the Mexicans almed alone at the annihilation of their op- pressors, without thought of changing their institu- tions. In fact, the only parallel that can be drawn in the two struggles is found in the analogy between the poisoned inheritance of negro slavery in one, and the blighting incumbrance of. the Church in the other—twin evils that have produced their bitter and bloody fruits in both countries and left behind the vexing enigma of national republican existence still unsolved. Ifwecan answer the question affirma- tively for ourselves, Mexico, which has been stimu- lated so long by our example, cannot fall to ‘pluck out the heart of the mystery” also. But the polltl- cal events which have been developed since the overthrow of slavery here shroud the future of the United States with such a veil of Lybian dark- ness that we are brought to the verge of the fulfll- ment of the prephecy of one of our own historians, who, speaking of the constitution, says:—“ It may become powerless. Iguorance may misinterpret it; ambition may assail and faction destgoy its vital parts; and aspiring knavery may at last sing its re- quiem on the tomb of departed liberty.” In the ininds of dispassionate men here the parallel and the example cease. Mexico must therefore look in- wardly and discover for herself the means of pre- serving her nationaMlife. But the question arises, what elements of vitality does she possess? Political economists have suggested emigration as the sover- eign pauacea for Mexico, without taking into account the dimeulties which intervene. Wo, who have profited so largely by the introduction of an alien population, have had for more than three-quarters of acentury an unfailing human reservoir in Europe, whence a copious tide of the most vital social ele- ments has flowed to our shores—people who were our kindred, whose customs, laws, language and traditions were identical with our own, and who, by living within the same isothermal lines, needed no protracted residence among us to inure them to our climate. But there exists nowhere for Mexico such a fountain of regeneration. It cannot spring from the Latin race, who have ceased to be a migrating people; nor can the Saxon or Celtic e:igrant, ayhe presents himself to us, be induced to seek his fortune in the torrid zone. The laws and institutions of Mexico are based upon the old Roman law, or the Codigo Justiniano, with many salutary interpolations from the Aztecan system, which tradition has pre- ‘They are, therefore, essentially anti-Teutonic. there is no trial by jury, no writ of habeas corpus, Tu a word, there are no affinities between the races of Northern and Central Europe and the Mexicana, eivwr in governmental institutions, judicial practice, commercial usage, social customs, soil, climate, pro- ductions or language. In the United States the eml- grant has nothing to acquire; in Mexico, he has everything to learn. Besides all this, the most casual reader of Mexican history knows that there Is not one of the men who initiated or maintained her struggle for independence but what has been made to realize titut the laurels which he won grew upon a sterile sol! that produced no other fruit. That there is no gratitade for services, no indemnity for sacri- fice, no appreciation of merit, no reward for political integrity, and no crown for virtue, Ingratitude is the national vice of Mexico. In this view of the case the remedy is not to come from a wholesale aggrega- tion of her people, Another class of politica! theorists have insisted that the redeeming hope for Mexico ensue from the overthrow of the Catholic religion. But they fail to show how its deeply rooted inculcations are to be eradicated, and to remember that the sole re- freshing circumstance in the torn and faded history of the conquest of her indigenous people is their conversion toChristianity and their redetmption from the appalling rites of human sacrifice. Protestant- ism can never find by any of its accepted means of propagation @ paramount feoting upon the soll of Mexico. The people may indeed struggle among themselves to secularize the clergy andto curtail the temporalities of the Church, but they will never permit its doctrines and teachings to be effaced. In accepting the “law of secularization” Mexico passed the rubicon of her destiny, and al- though dimculties may from time to time impede the completion of her temple of political liberty and beset her advancing steps to the threshold of peace, no system of revolutions can ever re- store the confiscated ecclesiastical estates. As well might the people of the South anticipate the re- rehabilitation of negro slavery. But the permanent safety of Mexico requires that she should stop here, and for a further corrective of her social evils demand, as a Catholic nation from the Pope, that the Augean stables of the priesthood should be cleansed. If he fails to exercise this rightful authority to arraign them in furor conscienta, then the remedy is to drive the de- lUnquent distarbers of public morals and peace head- long from the country. In this respect the Mexicans might imitate with advantage the prompt example of General Lersundi in expelling the insubordinate Bishop of Havana, Let the Mexican clergy, like the ministers of religion in the United States, be amen- anle to the civil law; then like consequences will fol- low. It is matter of history that the question of Church property and the prerogatives of the clergy have been the ca@ises of all the internal dissensions in Mexco since the overthrow of the Spanish régime, anc, that the party now dominant is the only one thro:/ghout the long struggle for civ liberty which has fad the courage to make this question the absor' sing issue before the people. They have triumphed at last, and the separation of Church and State is gomplete. It mast, therefore, tase t be either a tyasis for internal atrife or a pretext fof féreign intervention. Least of sig KL oMleca WC ae iamey Lay Re yar fad pivyagadd | Lod SHEET. teste ism or the American dogmas of free farms and free love, Within a few years, notwithstanding the distracted condition of the country, the system of public edu- cation has become universal, and every puedo or alcaidia throughout the republic ix obliged by law to have its primary school. These are supported by the municipalities, and the parents of delinquent children, on pain of being fined or to work on the streets, are compelled to insure their attendance. Every child, therefore, of the present generation in Mexico, willatleast know how to read and write, and as there are no distinctions of race of color, all have an equal chance to rise in the social seale. In their adaptation to the pecular eirccmstances and customs of the people, the prevailing laws and institutions of Mexico are wise and salutary. Theo- retically and practically the Ordenanzas of the Mine- ria, of Tierras of A_uas, and the Codigo Comercio are far better than the laws of the United States, which secure thesame rights to mines, lands, waters and internal trade, The system of “‘peonage,” whict pre- vails to @ great extent, descended from the Aztecs, and originated in the right of the debtor to sell him- self to service or labor. It assimilates to the old Roman tie of patron and client, and carries with it the obligation to protect the peon from involun- tary servitude or oppression. It is a traditionary law, and although it has some of the re- pulsive aspects of slavery, it is, when rightfully administered, the means of providing labor and sustenance for a race who by nature are the most improvident in the world. Thousands of families are thus kept together, and the peon throughout hts generation becomes a part and parcel of the house- hold of his amo, i ‘The great school of crime in Mexico is undoubtedly the army. But how can this be otherwise? Unable to escape the military conscription, hatf fed, without pay, inured to constantly recurring scenes of blood- shed and rapine, not knowing and perhaps indiffer- ent to the side upon which he fights, without a visible end to the contest, and uncontrolled by moral obligations or discipline, the Mexican soldier be- comes by force of circumstances an adept in crime. Had the material of our own army (even without a like exposure to demoralizatidn) been suddenly dis- banded in the capital without a settlement of ac- counts or the means of transportation to their homes, who could depict the social horrors that would have ensued? We who live in glass houses should be careful how we throw stones. Unfortunately for Mexico, in her distracted condition, the army as the great source of crime was the only power that could suppress it, But the men who have achieved so much of substantial good for the republic with such desperate e:ements cannot long be insensible to the demand for social order, and therein consists the remedy. In this respect Mexican reconstruction presents a more speedy and enduring chance of de- velopment than ours. Men who have not studied the military aspect of Mexico in detail are apt to regard her as of easy access to an invading army. But our experience, added to that of the French, proves that she can be rendered as impenetrable as Abyssinia—that to hold the country permanently it must be overrun through- out its entirety and garrisoned in the rear of every advancing footstep. As a basis of supplies she pre- sents the strange anomaly of a teeming granary and ablighting desert. The deficiency of harbors obvi- ates the necessity for seacoast defences, and renders her impervious to naval assaults; while her interior topography forms an endless chain of impregnable fortifications. Thus has Nature provided for her de- fence, and her history exhibits the fact that her people, whatever may be the character of their do- mestic feuds, will always rally to repel the hosts of the invading stranger, no matter under what pretext he comes, The best guarantee Mexico has against monarchical institutions is the characteristic jeal- ousies of her politicians and the innate love of liberty that exists among the Indians, who constitute five- eighths of the population. Freedom is the intuitive feeling of all people who inhabit mountainous dis- tricts, but In no country is this so distinctly manifest as among the inhabitants of the Mexican Sierra, It is the burden of their songs, the cherished theme of thetr traditions, and tt is symbolized on the escutcheon of thelr country. Over an area of more than 7,000,000 of square miles nature has diffused with the most bountiful hand the varied mineral productions and the fauna and flora of the habitable world. Nor has she been less beneficent in bestowing upon this land of teeming plenty a climate of extraordinary salubrity. In a word, Mexico possesses within herself every con- ceivable element of national wealth and prosperity. But in order to justify her right to nationality she must now rise to the duty of the hour. The world. gains nothing by Mexico as she stands to-day, Whatever does not maintain itself in the life of nations by its own power forfeits its own existence. Mexico does not lack for states- men to appreciate this law of necessity; but to vitalize her elements and change the current of her life, she needs our practical help, and not our politi- calexample, Asa sister republic she has a right to ask it, and we sin againstthe best interests of the United States and of humanity If we refuse it. We need no entangling alliances for defensive purposes, to tranmel the actions and responsibilities of both; but we do require a substantial commercial treaty between the two nations that will guarantee protec- tion to the lives. and property of American citizens and insure a market for American commiodities, ‘Then let the United States open up the interior com- munications of Mexico, light up her coasts with steam engines and telegraphs, subsidize lines of steamers to the guif ports, give her a suMcient navy to enable her to collect her revenues, and loan her upon her own credit a sum sufficient to suppress internal disorders and rid the country of the thieves and vagabonds who infest her highways and keep her people in a never-efding state of turmoil. To our mind the Mexican riddle admits of no other so- lution, French Academy of Sciences. At last week's sitting M. Le Verrier, in a letter, gave some further information about the ninety-sixth tele- scopic planet discovered at Marseilles on the 17th ult., stating that on the 20th it had been observed at Paris by M. Loewy with the great meridian instru- ment. M. Delaunay, after M. Le Verrigr’s letter had been read, expressed his regret that he (M. Le Verrier) should persist in refusing to mention the names of the observers who discovered small planets at the Observatory of Marseilles, and informed the Academy that the young observer who had discovered the ninety-sixth planet was M. Borelly. To this first at- tack upon M. Le Verrier M. H. Ste. Claire Deville added a second, by stating that the Director of the Obse ry had recently published a pamphiet ied “Travaux des Treize Der- niéres Années,” in which he ae of the hostility of the city towards the 0} , and among other things, said that the Emperor aud great bodies of the State had granted that establishment a sum of 400,000 francs for the construction of a lai with @ mirror one hundred and twenty centimetres in diameter, and another instrument of an extraordinary focal distance of sixteen metres, M. H, Ste. Claire Deville, in alluding to this para- graph. regretted that Leon Foucault, to whom e execution of that work had been entrusted, had been very obscurely alluded to, and stated that he felt it necessary to secure to his deceased friend the honor of having invented his method of constructing lenses of extraordinary size; that in the it in- stance the lens was to be of the un) ented size of seventy-five centimetres; that bet commencing it he wished to try his system, his ideas on that sub- ject being still somewhat unsettled, but that M. Le Ver- Tier objected to this course, and that the work, after being commenced, had to be abandoned. ‘A HOTEL DESTROYED BY FIRE. Less Forty-five Thousand Dollars. om the Eveving Telegram of yesterday. bdo Hantrorp, Conn. March ay taba, The Buxbee House, at Meriden, which stands just south of the depot, oa fire by a defective chim- ney about nine o’ciock this morning, and was ntirely destroyed, together with nearly all the in It whed and by s teen for $30,000, most ef which ts a8 1,000—all of Hartt : fe and Marine, of m0, Home, of New Haven, $1, ; Bay 2 00H—the last, ba) tJ contained seventy-five rootns, and was filed wi vi of their and band en- 42 the place, and word w: city help. Al one hour and te! alarm: bell was sounded the sent dintande ten ‘tne balding vent from ‘a he, have 7 NEW YORK LEGISLATURE. SENATE. ALBANY, March 2%, 1868, There was but a bare quorum of Senators present to-day. BILLS REPORTED, To establish @ ferry acrosé the Hudson river at Catskill; incorporating the Nothern Hydraulic Com- pany; amending the charter of Syracuse, and among olhers things aufviorizing the city to raise one hup- dred thousand dolinrs per year for general city pur- poses—a minority report; also a majority report rela- live to sewerage iW Syracuse aad for mapping Geddes and other towxs; making a more stringent act relative to the storage #f combustible substances im New York; to repeal so much of the \ililitia law a@ exempts from taxation; appropriating. $100,000 for the oompletion of the Bliad Asylum in Batavia; to consolidate the several acts relative to sa\ ings bauks, and providing for their more thorough » \pervisiou. @ minority report, BI By Mr. Mureny. and Ear Infirmary, By Mr. FoLGen—Relative to realestate of id lotsand persons of unsound minds, as applies to the law of INTRODUCED. corporating the Broa lyn Eye BILL PASSED, The bill amending ths charter of the Trave ‘er's Insurance Company was passed. BILLS ORDERED TO A THIRD READING. Authorizing the towns in Dutchess and Colum ‘bia: counties te take stock in the Dutchess and Colum Dia Railroad; incorporating the Crosstown Kaiiva Company; no alterations. are made in the name, of corporations. THE EXCISE REPEAL BILL—THE COMMITTEE SHUT US Mr. CREAMER inquired whether the Committee o1 Internal Affairs of Towns and Counties intended to report the bill repealing the Metropolitan Excise’ law, or whether they intended to smother i, Mr. VAN PstreN replied that the committee had given much time to the consideration of the subject and that there were parties who still wished to be heard before the committee. Mr. CREAMER did not consider this an answer; the committee ought to report for or against the meas- ure and allow the subject to come before the Senate; he protested against any attempt to smother it, 1¢ PRESIDENT called the Senator to order, stating that there was no question before the Senate. THE TRANSIT RAILROAD BILL BURIED. Mr. FoLGER moved a reconsideration of the ad- verse vote on the Metropolitan Transit Railroad bill, and to lay that motion on the table, which was carried. Adjourn@d until Monday evening. ASSEMBLY. ALBANY, March 21, 1868. BILLS PASSED. To incorporate the New York Public Exchange; te incorporate the State Line Bridge Company; creating the office of Metropolitan Fire Marshal; to divide the Ninth ward of the city of Brooklyn; to provide mee frauds in auction returns made to the Gomp- troller. BILLS REPORTED FAVORABLY. To incorporate the Manufacturers’ Savings Bank of New York; consolidating the several acts relating: to savings banks; to improve South Seventh and other streets in Brooklyn; to incorporate the Areade Under- ground Railroad Company; to construct a public market in New York; to incorporate the New York Fiduciary Company. BILLS ORDERED TO A THIRD READING. Appropriating $250,000 to ald in the constructipn: of the Whitehall and Plattsburg Railroad; appropri- ating $260,000 to aid in the construction of the buf-+ falo and Washington Kailroad; giving the Governar, Secretary and Attorney General authority to appoint | @ Supreme Court reporter, Adjourned, SuppEN DEATH ON THE CaRS.—A man about sixty years of age, suppesed to be James Lawrence, & resident of Trenton, N. J., died suddenly in his seat in one of the cars of a train on the Harlem Railroad on its way from Albany to this Coe ‘The body was taken to the Morgue by an officer of the Twenty-ninth precinct. staan Wik Kaldenberg’s Meerschaum Pipes and Hold- era cut to order, repaired, boiled, 4c. No. 6Jobn, up stairs, $7 Broadway wad 23 Wall. A Genuine Meerschaum Pipe or Cigar Holder at manufacturers’ prices, at POLLAK & SO «’S stores, Broadway, near Fourth street, and 27 Jobn street, near was sau. Repairing. Bolling #1. A.—Japanese Hair Stain. conta ihe Tait whiskers and mustache a beautiful black oF brown. Itconaists of only one preparation. Color will not h out. Only 50 cents a box. . fade or we OTELM BOLD, £94 Broadway, next to Metro- politan Hotel, and by all druggh erfect Hair Dressing.—Burnett’s Coconine Pocing fine gloss and is superior to French pomades and oils oF alcoholic washes, ‘ At Fact.—The Only New Style Pr rons eg re be found at TERRY'S, 19 Union ‘square and 409 Broadw: ior’s Halr Dye.—The Best in the ‘The only perfect Dye; harmless, reliable, instanta- Factory 16 Bond street. world, neous, Dr. Schenck Will Be Professionally At His rooms, 32 Bond street, New York, on Tuesday, March from #A. M. Ull3 P. M., and every Tuesday thereafter. advice free of charge ; but for a thorou lungs with his resptrometer his prioe may be obtained at bis rooms at all thines. Heary H. Leeds & Miner Respectfally Ane nounce that on Tuesday morning next will commence the exe hibition of Mr, Beaumont's superb collecti lodern Pic~ 8 ART GALLERIER”, 817 and 19 @d and 8d April, Admia- xamination of the His medicines Catalogues at our Store et ‘88 Liberty street. J. & J. Colman’s Double Superfine Londos Mustard obtained the Highest Medal atthe Paris Exposition. Sold in 11d, and 4g 1b, ting (full weight) by all first class gro. cera, Microscope for $5.—McAllister’s Household Microscope bas all the essential parts of w first class instra~ ment, magnifying powers 400 to 10,0u0 times the aren, +5; with foryZelght prepared obj ets, 10, H. MCALLISTER, pric! Printing of Every Description Executed with neatness and despatch, and at lower rates than elsewhere, at the METROPOLITAN JOB PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT, 97 Nassau street. Prang’s American Chromos are Fac Simile reproductions of off and water color paintings by eminent artists. Ask for them at the art stores, Send for list to Le PRANG & CO., Boston. Royal Havana Lottery.—Prizes Paid in Gold. nished. The highest rates paid for Dooublons id and Silver. TAYLOR & CO., Bankers, 16 Wall street, N. Y. Spring Style of Gentlemen's and Youth’s en. ic cr nits ar bata URKE, 128 Fulton street. Save Your Doctor’s Bills by Using Wistar’s Balsam of Wild Cherry for coughs, colds, se. The Metropolitan Job Printii Establish MENT, 97 Nassau street 15 Paepared to furn sh Cards, Circ, lars, P! w ronters ang every description tained where in the cit} nd Ornamental Hatr.—Rent Wigs, Toupees ality Hair Dye and Halr Dyeing all colors, at BALCHEL- ies, 16 Bona street. A.—Labor Saved by Inventive Genius. When one reviews the past he can plainly see the rapkt strides which progress has made upon the annals of the pres- sent, and clearly divine the possibility of further and greater developments in the future from the wondrous laboratory of nature, New inventions are constantly brought forth which aro astonishing the world by their practical adaptation to the faut of the human farobly, and never before Ih the progress: Of our civilization bas Inventive genius shone more resplen- dent fn Iabor saving power than now. To the will of tar, then, do we owe this element, which creates from w: stone, steel, brass and metals of all kinds labor savi of ical utility. Again has man been thoughtli not only in relieving woman of her toll, by doing away wi inbor, but the cow, the milk-giving cow, bas been yen~ thought of, amt'allowed to enjoy the’ ease and com~ hich attend the lic Cow MLK ry ‘erousl fort wi ‘and no wonder, for it is destingd to come into as use as ite untiring sister, the sewing ma- chine.--Wide Wide World. Tt ie on exbibition at 208 BOIL. world. by CASWELL, HAZARD cop LIV! Po nfactured on y ator eder Fifth Avenue Hi Consumption, Scrofula and Spermatorrhea go band in band, You have just passed through one severe winter by the akin of your teeth, and you will never make the trip of another one on Buchu, Fish Off and quack doctors. Dr. SOHUMAN'S BALSAMIC INHALER, with medicines for three months, only conte $10, Any one can use It. The inbalas tions of balsam and tron heal the Inner man, purify the bloody are pleasant and bandy for use, and, instead of your sulle ing around and barking like ao old sick yellow dog, a nn tance to yourself and friends, ia afew weeks you will howe saucy asa game rooster, Samuel Flaher, Enq., No. $5 Rose street, Baltimore, Md., had hemorrhages from the tungs (or Toe mos eminent of the medlcal f gave fim Being very ni Odd Feilow rio: were werd, taal tae wt eae had but one day's = in won gg CT Ehronte disses t ang. form ‘who wish isemploy Fase sais yard i gqur wavaahiowd (or reference,