The New York Herald Newspaper, March 22, 1868, Page 3

THE EQUINOCTIAL STORM. TEMPORARY SUSPENSION QF TRAVEL. The Ferries, th. Railroads and the Mails. Accides’:s and Disasters in the City and Harbor. Whe Storm in Brooklyn, Jersey City and Westchester. Precisely at twenty-seven minutes past two o'clock on the morning of Friday, the 20th iustant, occurred that important event in the annual course of our @stronomical history popularly kyown as the sun crossg the line, which means simply that in the elliygtic course which owr planet describes around the,sun once in every twelve menths it has passed the point of its greatest propinquity to or its farthest @istance frem the solar centre. Thus there are two ‘ quinoxes—the vernal equinex, that which we have bo recently passed, when the earth, having ap- ‘preached the sun for months in its ec- ,eentric movement, begins receding, and the autumnal equinox, when, having reached its farthest distance it again inclines in its orbit towards the sun. Tradition has to a great extent asscc'ated these changes with severe Atincspheric disturbances, nd popular expectation anticipates from year to year and season after season “ the equinoctial gale” as a necessary occurrence. There is <ertainly in the Srequent happenings of sach aerial agitation ground enough for generally apprehended certainty of its ‘constant repetition, but yet even in this is popular Judgmeni at fault. fcience has failed to determine ‘wherefore should such things be, and if they should happen no: to be would be equally as satisfied in its ‘observations and deductions as though they had ccurred, In other words, it by no maans follows as @ necessary consequence of the sun crossing the line, whether vernally or autumnally, that we should have @ storm. We have survived both changes without ‘any atmospheric convulsion, and while such usually ‘happens about this time it often occurs weeks either ‘before or after the event whichis supposed to bring ‘it into existence, while yet storms of that character ‘are so entirely beyond the ken of scientific premo- ‘ition, and both in their inception and duration ‘Beemingly beyond the application of the usual tests of scientific consideration that their association with such an event is not unreasonable. Therecentstorm, which may without injustice be referred to the ver- nal equinox, so lately passed, has been one of the Severest character we have experienced in many years, and has beyond doubt inflicted incalculable damage to our commercial and other exposed in- terests. Friday, the 20th inst., presented itself to early risers asa dull, sharp, chilly day, with certain ‘unmistakable indications in the air of an approach- ing storm, which led the speculative in the weather to Prophesy rain at an earty hour, and the Weatherwise to hazard a prognostication of snow. All day long the sun hid itself behind clouds of a dull silate-like color, which gave no opinion as to the correctness of either ‘Speculation, while as it sunk eastwardly the air grew sharper, and in spite of the lateness of the season seemed to give indications of the presence of snow %m the clouds above. Toward nine o'clock, or a Uittle after, a few flakes commenced falling, drop- ping not quietly and silently as they doin poetry, but being whirled about in angry and petulant manner, dashed against window panes and driven violently fm the faces of benighted travellers, The wind at this time was blowing a _iliitle fresh—probably what an old salt who had survived a dozen hurricanes would call catepaws, or a landsman, who, if he were exposed to it, might call “great guns,” provided he knew enough to describe it by this nautical figure. ‘The snow, however, shortly stopped, although the ‘wind kept increasing in volume, causing signs to creak with inharmonious sound, awnings to flutter dangerously and window shutters to vibrate with a ‘vim and persistence which suggested to the stray pedestrians passing in their neighborhood pos- gible serious consequences. Shortly. after half- past one o'clock the storm burst in all its violence. A strong northerly wind sweeping along at the rate of twenty-two or twenty-four miles ‘an hour, accompanied by a severe fall of snow which ‘Was driven about by the wind in a manner distract- ing, blinding and positively dangerous to such un- happy wighte whose business or laches compelled or ‘brought in the streets, ‘and least of ali on such anight.” Thus it continued through the ‘wee sma’ hours,” the wind singing with melancholy ca- dence through secured casements or shrieking in threatening notes where chink or cranny gave it room for entrance, the snow the while ae monotonously on roof of man- sion =or jovel, or against shutter or window pane. When morning broke a bleak ee was presented. Those who, more fortunate many of their fellows, had retired in the gen- eral belief that winter was over and we would have no more snow, that which fell early in the evening being mostly unobserved, were surp! in the first mo- ments of their awakening by the splash! st their window panes. The probability of a hailstorm presented no unasual occurrence, but when, havin: arisen a view was sought of the outside world and the whole surrounding prospect was found shrouded in a deep dress of white, while heavy flakes tossed and whirled about in a very tornado, almost shut out vision, then came forth from many lips the testi- mony “This is a dreadful morning,” and it was ‘unanimously voted the severest storm of the season. Outside the traveller's experience more than realized his anticipations. A literal snow blockade interrupted all travel; railroad tracks were covered beyond all seeming hope of future discovery; the line which usually marked a separation between ‘what is known as the sidewalk and the street proper ‘was totally obscured; familiar paths were out, doorsteps inhospitably covered, signs erst once to flaunt themselves in the face of the passenger go covered as to be illegible; windows stripped of their bright oe by an outside cu and mortals trudging along with heavy breath, so muffied and adorned as to be utterly unrecognizable. In spite of all this, however, there was one feature of this storm which made it less severe than many which have Wecees it, The thermometer through. -out never fell below 20 degrees whe agian and conse- uently, although persons abi where exposed to e full force of the wind, suffered undoubtedly much from cold, yet when a sheltered place was reached inmediate relief was experienced. In this connection the following METROROLOGICAL observations by Mr.George B. Hanna, of Columbia Col- lege, —y be thteresting:—At seven A. M. on the 20th Instant the highest range of the thermometer, Fahren- ‘helt, where exposed to the full effect of the storm, ‘was 35 oe 6 min., the minimum tn a sheltered place being 28 Fe Smin. At two o'clock in the afternoon of that day the same thermometer showed, maximum, 37 deg. 8 min., minimum 31 deg. 3 min., and at nine o'clock, maximum 36 deg. 4 min., minimum, 31 deg. 8 min. Yeste , the 2ist inst., the game thermometer indi as follows:—Seven A. M. imum 35 . 5 min. minimum 26 deg. 6 tain., and at 2 P. M., maximum 36 deg. 3 min., minimum 26 deg. 3 in the indications on the $i, thermometer shows the fol former registered oa the 20th :—On the 20t] 3 min., at two P. M. 33.deg, 3 min. 33 deg. 8 min.; on the 2ist at seven A. M. 28 eieninseoe P.M. pe, aren aon eer ex appearance barometer same period:—At seven A. M. on the 20th 30, two P. M. 29.923 and at nine P. M. 20.708; on the aut_seven A. M. 29,140, at two P. 20,145. The directior sverage wind du af snow bad fallen, b it subsequently fell y 10" fallen, heavily this as sory ‘ninch increased. Much er ol than those taken by Mr. Hanna @re taken at the Park but owing to some regulation of ers the gentleman in charge ts not at liberty to give pub- Ucity to{%e resulta learned; thug, althoug! ae tion was made there for the ton, above given it was ote | aa though na- sare Gua artes rate ee Of being ub, itted Proprietary restrictions. at ‘ident Green {a called a a and unne- = storm in its general appearan % Ce teat chi the effects i of grave moment, IN THE CITy, travel, except in its most primitive mode, podes- trianisn’, was very generally suspended. Most of the es of cars were #0 incommode dl Hi the snow which covered their tracky that for hours yesterday they ceased running, and in consegi ious inconvenience alike eration of teorolog- produced by it are matters to those living at the upyer end of the island whose business called them town town early, or those down town over ". because of the of their cocepations and yesirous of getting up town to fast or for yest, The snow was the heaviest that has fallen fais season, and clung with desperate tenacity the resisting all eg of snow ‘loughs to remove it, Most of the lines reriained choked thus all day; but 6n the ‘ird avenue towards afternoon a@ start was ‘made, and cars well supplied with tract}on power, six horses to a car,were got through, Ear'y yesterday morning one car of the Third avenue lin’: was got through to Harlem; but after that one hy d accomplished the dificult feat no other car either Yweived or left the Harlem station during the day. A large gang of men were at work during last night cleaning the track, and the company expect to be able to resume their regular trips to Harlem this morning. A livery stable keeper at Harlem, taking advantage of the necessittes of those who were com- pelled to come down town, put on a four horse sicigh and charged $1 to ride to the depot at Sixty- fifth street, A man named John Reedy was dangerously in- jared by a very high fence being blown down upon hun, at the corner of Fifty-eighth street and Sixth avenue. The rear wall of the two story house No. 323 East Twenty-fifth street, was blown down yesterda: afternoon. lt is owned by Awron Rutherford, Damage, $500. THE FERRIES suffered considerable convenience owing to the strong wind prevailing and the rapid current in the rivers thus induced, The Williamsburg boats were, however, the only ones that were noticeably de- layed, the others mostly making their trips on time. THE TRAINS were nrost of them delayed beyond their regular time, those on the Hudson Kiver not arriving before one o'clock, although after that they ran pretty well on time, The storm on the Hudson Klver was@ery severe, and edrly yesterday the heavy waves had washed away the down track of the Hudson river Railroad in several places between ‘Tarrytown and this city, delaying down trains from four to six hours. ‘The greatest damage was near irvington and Spuy- ten Duyvil, where the heavy séa wall was carried away by the waves aad tide. The schooner Glide, of Jersey City, and a large sivop were driven ashore near irvjnyton and were pounding heavily against the railroad embankment. At about etzlit o'clock in the moruing two persons, &@ man and a woman, were discovered ut spuyten Duyvil bridge, ciinging wo portions of a wrecked canal boat, where they had remained several hours without any assistance being rendered to them, when @ young man named Bianchard swam to thei witha line and brought them safely to shore in a perisaing condition, Ar. Blanchara’s conduct was extremely hero.c, as the coid Was excessive and the waves running danger- ously high, The raliroad track will probaviy paired to-day, and no further interruptiou of travel need be expected, On the Larlem and New Haven roads les: was experienced, the trains from New Ha’ through in on, although detentions ov On the Harlem and Albany road about six o’el yesterday morning a tram was got turough at Har- Jem. From that ume antil about hall-past nine no train passed either way. ‘The cut from lzist to i2dth sireet was so drifted by sow that it was linpossible to move a car through it. A large body of men were set at work to clear,a way. About haif-past nine two powerful locomotives of the New Haven line, attached to one passenger car, forced thetr way through. A large number of passengers were wait- ing at the depot on Fourth avenue, wio hailed its approach with joy. Abouthaif an hour later the eight o’clock Harlem train from White Plains came down, and the waiting crowd were not long in get- ting in, From that time most of the up trains went on their way, but greatly behind time. The mail train was over an hour behind time at Morri- sania, None of the cars going down got below the tunnel, Tie Erie trains made their connections with dimculty, and in consequence of the sturm no 5:50 train was despatched. THE SOUND BOATS, with the exception of the Narragansett, of the Stonington line, which reached her dock at about noon, did not urrive, and in consequence travel to Boston via boat was interrupted. THE MAILS, as a consequence of the disturbance in the time of car and bout, were delayed. ‘Tiuose on the Erie road were an hour and a half late, on the Hudson River about two hours late,’ on the Hariem fifty minuics, Philadeipiia over six hours, At eight o’ciock the following mails had not arfived, viz Over the New Haven, due 5:45; tiie Hudson Riv due 4:30 and 6:00; the Long Island, the New Jersey Central, due 6:30, and the Southern mail, due 5:45. ACCIDENTS AND DISASTERS, About six o’clock yesterday morning the large windows of a furnishing store at the southeast cor- ner of Fourteenth street and Broadway, were biown in by the gale, and the goods in tue store injured to the extent oi nearly $1,000. ‘lhe police of tue Fif- teenth precinct guarded the place uutil the arrival of the clerks. About four o'clock yesterday morning a schooner, name unknown, which was lying in tae East river, near the foot of North Third sweet, Widamsburg, suddenly toppled over and tinmediately sunk. The accident Was seén by a private Waichuan on a dock hear by, Who gave the alarin, Witicu brought soe persons to the spot, but belore tuey arrived we schooner was lost to sight. or uny of them, were on board at the time is no! known, nor even the name of the vessel. Shortly beiore ei Joseph Harden, of of Broadway and his home. The Jersey City ferry boats New Brunswick and New York collided during the morning, owing to tne fact that the air was go thick with show tuat the lots could not see. A. portion of the cabin of the ‘ew York was torn away, but no materia! damage was done, nor were any of the passengers injured. ‘The iarge rafters which were raised ior the roof of the new market building, foot of Sixteenth street, were blown down and broken to pieces by the force of the wind storm. Fortunately fur them the work- men were absent at their dinner at the time of tie accident otuerwise there hight have been a number of serious casualties, The schooner 8S. J. Waring, of Brook Haven, dragged her anchor and went ashore at the south end of Vanderbilt landing, Staten Island, at tive o'clock yesterday morning. Also the pliot boat kd- mund aaa tai No. 2, dragged her anchors and went ashore at Clifton, Staten isiand, at fouru'tiock, ‘Ine latcer has her bottom badly cuafed and makes some water. She lies high and dry at low water. ‘The barge Ocean Queen, With a cargo of stone, while tng ss the government dock at Quarantine, tilled e hatches and sunk. ‘The vessels at anchor at the Southwest Spit dragged their anchors during the night, but received no damage. The steamer Creole on Squan beach has probably gone to pieces. Besides the above, numerous minor sccidents oc- curred, shutters and signboards belug blown down and sevezal large plate glass winduws broken on broadway. ‘The California steamship Ocean Queer and most of the outward bound steamers were detaned because of the storm, There is reason to believe there were a number of Vessels on the coast to the soutitward, wi0, uo doubt, were prepared for the coming gale, as the indications were very piain. Yet it may be we shall hear of some disasters from the beaci. There were no arrivais yesterday formoon by way of Sandy Hook. Most of the vessels at anchor in the North river dragged their anchors, but we have not reard of any damuge by collision. One 4 has dragred down on the mud fat oif Gowanus, and bas a lisvio port, The Storm in Brooklyn. Brooklyn, like many other places, was visited with a@snow storm yesterday morning of noinsignificant extent, yet the majority of citizens ereavored to face it good naturedly, in the hope, no dubt, that its lke would not be seen again in sone months at least. The high winds blew the snow it every direc- tion, and it is almost impossilie to tell what its depth would have ben had it fallen evenly upon the ground. It omastoned the railroad companies considerable annoymee from the fact that the large drifta upon the track rendered it impossible to get the cars through oi time. The old snow ploughs, which had been stoved away for the year, were again brought forth and # in motion, but they seemed to be of little use. Th teams upon the cars were doubled and the whip: were freely used upon the poor horses, but the travel vas slow and dimcuit. People who lived in the outairts of the city, and were anxious to reach their gaces of busi- ness in respectable season, were compéled to foot it through the snow. The damage to roperty was not very serious. Two small frame hases in Kosci- usko street in course of erection wert demolished, occasioning @ loss of about $4,000. Nearly every awning which had been left up was 6rn to pieces, high board fences were torn down, as will as a num- ber of window shutters and signboards, In the Eastern District the storm waivery severe, About four o'clock yesterday morningin unk: schooner was wrecked on the Sheil ref, and sunk with all hands, The cries of the crew vere heard by the master and crew of the Sixsist Madden, master, lying at the Toot otNortn’ Pura street, but the storm was 60 that he barge men oe not feel Ser asaia ine. een f of the jooner, ag they could see ‘masts of the schooner were. scetabove wa the but they soon afterwards di ‘fd ne ihe hearts sat with stone, owned oy Frank Swift 4 tens At the foot of North Tenth street theid gunboats Adele and Winons became foul and dmaged each other consideraiily, but they both rhain atioat, while the steamship er City, lyig alongside, J 0 1 Alscovared in time, ‘and ake was extriced from ner in. The ld ferryboate on the Grand, Hotton and Di- vision @1 bad @ severe timof it. The C three hours in @ (p between Gi lew York, and Ue , Williams- par. During this trip she collided wil the British bark Leader and away her ra and stan- ao ured hep pilot, Mr. Simonson, /as very se- “Greenpoint an unoccupied housdattuated in / EW YORK HERALD, Whether the entire ene hit o'clock yesterday morning, jo, 22 Vesey Breet, at the corner Warren street, was overcome by the storm, and in @ fainting condition was taken to 7. Oakland street was completely demolished. It was owned by J. Neider, who Patimates ‘his loss at $2,000. The Storm en Long Island. Within twenty years there has not been known upon Long Island a storm of such severity as the present one. When there is a storm during tha winter season upon Long Island it is generally of such @ severe nature that all business of amost every description is completely done aweg with, ‘The present one is one of the severest eyér known upon the island at this season of the yer, ‘The snow isso heavy at present that it reac'@s a depth of four fect upon a level. From the ‘spen and declivi- tous condition of some of the Pcrtions of the land the snow drifts greatly when a th wind prevails, and at present reaches a de",th of seven feet along the railroads, and both the *,outh Side Railroad and the Long Island are imped 4d, The snow plough. with four engines attached, W,hich left Hunter’s Point at early morning, did not succeed in reaching Jamaica at three o’clock in the afternoon, 80 heavy were the drifts slong the routs, Travel upon the South Side road is entirely sue.gended, with but little or no pros- pect of being opyned again within a week. Upon the norch side of the island the storm is even more intense. The Flushing Railroad ts block- ‘ded, as 18 also the Manhasset. During the night the wind raged furiousiy, blowing down trees and the cupolas of several houses. w Jersey. For intensity and desiractive e‘Tect the storm yes- terday exceeded any that has swept over the face of the country in Jersey during the season, Such ad- Jectives as furious, territic, overwhelming, &c., are dcticient In point of expression to convey a just idea of the actual state of things. The usual conveyances to all parts of the country proved a luxury beyond the reach of everybody, and to walk down the hill in the teeth of the sblinding snow was_ truly an ordeal, In the neighborhood of* the ferries rucning along Exchange place there was suck = a& = Whurling = gust «during the = day that it was with danger to limbs that people scram-- bled their way along the sid Tue ferryboats on the North River were tossed about at intervals: = found some diMicuity in stemming wind and de. The schooner Mary McKee dragged her moorings atone of the Hoboken docks, and drifted into the middle of tie river. The crew, having hosied a sig- nal for assistance, were relieved by a tugboat aud the schooner was towed into the coal dock. A new two story frame building nearly completed on the Hoboken flats was blown down, the damage amounting to $1,200. An industrious, hardworking man named Me- Laughiin, who had managed to erect a comfortable frame dwelling for himseif at Bergen, had the morti- fication to see his structure totally destroyed last evening about five o'clock. The building was in- sured. ‘rhe through trains on the New Jersey Railroad were all detained by the heavy snow drifts; but the way trains met with few obstacies. Only two boats plied on the Jersey City ferry last evening. ‘Trains on the Morris and kssex, the Erie and Cen- tral Railroads were nearly all behind time, 2nd some apprehensions were felt during the forenoon that the roads would be entirely obstructed. The Cincin- nati Express, the Buffalo and Salamanca and the Washington and Philadelphia trains were all delayed some hours. The Storm in Westchester County. The storm was as fierce and Hercer than what was experienced in the city. The Harlem Railroad was not running on time, the Third avenue cars did not uniil a late hour of the day run at all, and soit was rather a difficult matter to pursue investigations on the other side of Harlem bridge. Once there, how- ever, one wus in a position to accumulate meteor- ological, astronomical, pictorial and any other kind of facts which could suggest themselves to the in- quiring mind of the observer. The Boston road was heaped on either side with the snow drift, and the houses appeared like whited sepulchres—all flecked with the icy lakes, ‘The wind b.ew keenly all day, now in frantic gusts, Which threatened to sweep every- thing before it—as if Koius had let loose ail the biasis of heaven—now dying away to a gentle breeze, which hardiy stirred a snowtlake or moved a branch. But the tiercer gusts predomfmated, and when they came clouds of snow dust Were swept along with tne guile as if nature, were going to revive the powdermng lasuion of the reign of Louis Quatorze. The trees were decked out in the most fantastic attire known to the ice king, and to look at the artful arabesque cematird of the trimmings of suow wreaths which festooned every bough made one wonder at the gorgeousness of nature’s handiwork, which eclipses Tue wildest conceits of fairyland, it was grand to see how the gale rushed atong, and how the trees bent beneath it, bowing meekly to a superior will, wuile clouds of the snowy wreaths were detached at each assanit and fell to join the common wass be.ow. Up at Tremont, where tue, hilly regwn predominates, the force of the wind was perfectly fearful. it tore along, ii shrieked, it Whistied, It actualy seemed to scream in its rage, and nothing appeared to be able to. with- stand it. It stopped pedestrians walking along as if they had come bolt upright against a wall, and any loose articles it could get a hold of it sent whirling along in the air, treating with contemptuous detlance ali that attempted to interfere with its course. Frame houses not built on a firm foundation sufered considerably along here, and chimney pots, siingies and such like movables were sent tumbling down froin their eminences into the roads and fields below. Frost, too, came in to ald the snow and wind, and the Bronx river and watery flats were nearly irozen over before night. Although tue roads were heaped high with snow (which where the drift revailed was iu some places as much as three and jour feet deep), yet it is commendable to say for the Morrisania aud Fordvaim Railroad Company that their horse cars, with teams of four, were kept run- ning pretty regularly ail day, up to night time, and gangs of men were employed to keep the track clear. .O serious accidents are reported in Westchester county on account of the storm, although it is said that one or two shipping casualties huve occurred on the Hudson, near yonkers. With the exception of @ good many displaced chimney pots, trees torn up and the general incubus 01 the snow, the storm has been periectly harmiess. The “oldest inhabitants,’’ however, say that they have not seen such a@ siorim in March for this many aday. it has been one of the Blillest equinoctiais that las Visited tae counury for years. The Storm Up the Hudson. POUGHKEEPrSI£, March 21, 1848, A terrific gale has prevailed at all points along the Hudson to-day, and au immense body of snow has fallen, drifting heavily. The gale commenced about midnight, and has increased in violence hourly. In this city a brick house on Grand street was blown down. Between Rhinebeck and Stattsburg a large wooden structure was seen floating in the river. Some think it is an icehouse, while others say it is a bridge. The east shore below Peeks- kill is said to be lined with wrecks. Four schooners have been blown ashore, one of them said to be the Capes, of Jersey City. below Tarrytown a sioop lies on the rocks, and is fast breaking to pieces, The Hudson River Raiiroad track from ‘tarrytown to New York is badly damaged, the west track being washed iu many piaces, ‘The Cincinnati Express, which left here at twenty-three minutes past four this morning, came near being lost the river. When in the vicinity of ‘Tarrytown the engi- neer discovered a break in tife track ahead. Stopping his train @ reconnoisance was made, aad. while so doing @ break occurred in the track in the rear, thus leaving the train in a dangerous posi- tion. ‘Ine passengers were compelled to get out aud et on a train on the east track, the Cincinnati being fort till succor could be obtained, Superintendent Toucey has telegraphed here for an extra gang of men, and every exertion ts being made to save the west track in the locality nau in many places to-day so violent was the gaie that the water was biown clean over the tops of cars. Up trains to-night are running far behind. At this hour of writing (seven P. M.) the gale has abated somewhat, but it is still blowing heavily. There is a report here that ‘@ dock with a man and woman on it was carried away at Spuyten Duyvil, and that vain attempts were inade to rescue the persons named. CASUALTIES AT YONKERS. The sloop Ben Franklin was torn from her moor- ing at Yonkers and driven to the foot of Harrison street, this city, with three inen—Pat Murphy, Chaa, Kussell and the cook—on board. The sioop David D. Beekman was sunk off the foot of Main street, Yonkers. TELEGRAPHIC REPORTS. Boston. Boston, March 21, 1808, A snow storm and gale of unusual violence com- menced about three o'clock this morning. Several inches of snow have fallen and drifted. The horse cars were compelled to withdraw, and railroad trains are delayed on most roads in the vicinity. All ratiroad trains from New York arrived late. The morning train for New York started out with two engines, but soon returned, and will wait fora better . The storm extends west, north and east. At noon over a foot of snow had fallen in this city and the storm still continued, but later in the day Arye meonrs) alth the snow con- tinued to fall. Norwich steamboat train arrived at four o'clock, The other Sound boats reached their docks this afternoon and the trains are expected to- night. The storm is the most severe of the season, deiaying travel on all the railroads. Philadelphia. PHILADELPHIA, March 21, 1868, ‘his is the most wintry morning experienced for many years in this city. The snow has been falling for sixteen hours and is now two feet deep, and drifted ‘in places to the depth of four feet. The streets a. almost impassable for cars, and most of the lines ‘Nave given up all effort to run. The storm continues .vithout the slightest abatement. and travel is impeded ,'0 all directious. LATER. The snow st’*4m has moderated after raging for twenty hours, ‘The snow is drifted badly, in some AY, MARCH 22, 1868—TRIPLE SHEET. ‘ a as high a8 fiteen feet. ‘The railroads ase badly Brock ap = DO tratns have arrived to-day from “ Fortress Monree. FORTRESS MONROB, March 21, 1868. A sever northeast gale prevails here. A large fleet of vease’s have arrived in the Roads for a harbor. oe JAPAN. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. From Heong Kong to Hioge—Scenery of the Coast—Run in the Inland Sea—Boarded by Natives and in Highland Costume—Bowing Down to the Marines—How the City is De- fended—National Revenue. UNITED STATES STEAMER cto HARBOR OF Hi0Go, Japan, Dec. 30, 1867. We left Hong Kong on the 17th inst. for Nagasaki, Japan, arrived at the latter place in safety and left at midnight on the 24th of December for this place. There were at Nagasaki, which is al- ready opened to the commercial world, two American war vessels, the storeships Onward and Valletta, and three English war vessels, one of which preceded us to this place by about eight hours at starting. Japan, to seaward, is, in its entirety, a country abounding in hills and mountains, some of which are immense in magnitude and altitude, being cloud capped, After leaving Nagasaki we entered the inland Japanese sea, through which we were piloted by a Dutch and @ Japanese pilot, each relieving the other, for four days, anchoring each night; this was on ac- count of the numberless small islands encountered in all directions here. This inland sea stretches away some four hundred miles, land being constantly in view on either side, and which sometimes approxi- mates so closely as to barely leave a good ship channel, Nearing these places, the uninitiated would deem themselves completely surrounded by moun- tain barriers, but the pilot guides the vessel on, still on, close up to the rocky shore, ad there is at last disclosed to view @ narrow sea way, which being passed we have again broad and ample sea room in the form of a magnificent lake studded with islands, This was recurrent during all this inland passage. ‘The country is almost timberless all along. Villages are everywhere and in every available spot along shore, and the mountains are cultivated up their base as far as available, but all above is barren as the earth before the dawn of vegetation, On the shelving shores and ravines are built these neat and picturesque villages, The houses are one story high, some tiled and others thatched, but all neat and prosperous looking, and although the country is very populous no one was to be seen on shore moving about. The view all along was grand and unsur- passed In panorama by anything in the States, and was quite as novel, if not so interesting, as the pano- rama of the Nile and mountains of the moon, for- merly on exhibition at New York, and you know we are near the territory of the Emperor of China, who signs himself in his treaties “brother to the sun, cousin to the stars, Emperor of China and king of ten thousand islands"’—the latter too little, I believe, to be correct, from the number of small islands off the Chinese coast, There are many boats, called sampans, on these waters, plying their calling as either fishing or mar- ket boats in all directions. However, the Japs are reticent and do not offer anything for sale to us. Many go without pants, coat or vest, having merely a cotton shirt, colored, and open at the bosom, and arag round the middle, even in December, as you have it, this being in about the same north lati- tyde. We had a number on board at Nagasaki thus dressed, coaling ship, and of those so em- ployed, four were women, petticoats being the 01 distinguishing point in dress. The Japs thus knock spots out of the Highland kilt, as the saying is, in point of nudity. You are allowed to land at ‘tain places and return, but will not be allowed to ain on shore over night by the Japanese au- ‘This does not apply to the crew as they re thorities, are not allowed to land by the Admiral, The inhabitants are of the middle stature, robust in make and of a “houghtful cast of countenance, ‘They wear neither hats nor shoes, sandals only being worn. They have the front of the head up to the crown close shaved and the long back hair drawn forward to the front into a small queue in the middle of the crown, pointing forward and tied and waxed to keep it in position. At one of the places at which we anchored coming here two Japanese boats came alongside to sell some fish and the crews were allowed to walk over the vessel. They could talk no English, but expressed their surprise in looks and tures at seeing the eleven-inch gun, into which one of them thrust his head. They were delighied with a looking glass one of the crew showed them and semed to admire themselves greatly in it; and they prostrated themselves upon their hands and knees on the deck to the marines, on account of their more showy uniforms, I suppose, and seemed to-regard our oflicers as of secondary importance. They seemed to be sorry when informed by signs that they must take to their pqats. One of our officers had given an old navy cap, having a faded gold wreath on it, to one of them, of which he was very proud. Having put it on he strutted around the deck like a drum major ona field day, and did not seem inclined to leave the vessel until nade todo so, Perhaps he thought he was enlisted in the service, At the entrance to this harbor, about fifteen miles distant, are two water Mmonoiong Ihe on either side; that on the starboard entrance being a sand battery and that to port granite. On rounding the point on which this city is built there ts a circular granite bat- tery of some twenty guns and a similar one close up to the city. There are also three Japanese war ves- sels in port, formerly purchased in the United States. ‘There are at present ten English frigates, corvettes and tenders or despatch boats and two troop shi here. Our government is represented here by the following vessels:—The Hartford, flagship, Admiral Beil. Sheaandoah, Oneida, Iroquois and Aroostook. France 1s represented by two or three frigates, which are cruising about every day without coming to anchor and apparentiy reconnoitring. it is midday on the ist day of January, 1568, and —o ris of Hiogo and 0 have been thrown open to the commerce of the world by the Japancse Em- peror. The Jay to the main of all nese ensign is ue the vessels of the fleet—a ball on a white ground—and the national ensigns are at the fore and mizzenmasts. Tey are unfurled to the breeze amid a salvo of artillery of twenty-one guns each from all the vessels of the fleet simultaneously. The sound of artillery can also be heard here from Osaki, twenty miles distant, where a like event is taking place. Our salute is re- turned by a Japanese frigate anchored in front of the outer batiery. Thus it is even already a thing of the it, but that thunder of artillery has proclaimed to japan the ratification of an event which will find an echo through the world, viz., that the selfish policy which so loug sealed up od fife to commerce has at length by a wise policy yielded to the onward march of the commercial brotherhood of nations. During the same day the American mail steamer Hermann, of the San Francisco line, arrived, and on steaming past was saluted by the flagship Hartford with fifteen guns; also by the English Admiral’s fag- ship with a like number. Subsequently there was music, each Admiral’s ship playing the national airs of the other out of compliment and by way of wish- ing a happy new year. Thus the English flagship played “Vartant Pour Ja Syrie” while the French re- sponded with “God Save the Queen,” &c., &c., and all went merry a8 @ marriage bell. ‘The population of Hiogo is about fifty thousand souls, the buildings being one or two stories high and the fout ensemble unimposing. AMERICAN COMMERCE. To THE Eprtor oF THE HeRALD: Ihave recently noticed in your valuable columns many well written articles on the subject of the present depressed state of American commerce, and many of them suggesting remedies or measures by which to relieve it of its present incubus, &c. Most of these writers, strange to say, suggest govern- ment subsidy a8 an infallible remedy and the means by which to restore our com- merce to its once proud position. I must confess myself somewhat astonished to find that the sound, practical judgment of our com- mercial men has not as yet hit upon any more certain means of attaining the desired end. No nation on earth can assume or ever has assumed to subsidize their entire commerce, and to restore that of our whole country is now the question. Sw our vernment were to grant subsidies to a few steam- th means to ip lines (which I do not consider the ti Rain nent far would they go towards re- is the amount of tonnage owned by us bejore the war. several millions of tons? Would it benefit but few steamsiip owners them- selves at the cost of the people, if not prove a posi- tive detriment to all other American shipowners? It seems to me a8 most likely it would. The remedy that has always been in my mind ever since the close of the war isa very simple one, it occurs to me, and I think ite ication would geey produce the effect we all have a common jesire to realize. It is this:—It must be known to all those conversant with such matters that there exists upon our statute book an act of Congress, of 1793, by which American citizens are effectually.pro- hibited from owning, under American registry, any other than American built ships, save in only two cases, viz., those cont and soid by the govern- ment for infractions of the revenue or other laws, as were the rebel blockade runners, &c., and those wrecked in American waters and rebuilt. Now this law, a8 we all know, never affected us injuri- ously up to the time of the war, because we could through all that period buiid quite os cheap sus storing two-tit ships in this country as any other but now the case {s exactly the reverse. Any other country can build ships cueaper tian we can, Now Iwi ame ask, that this being the case—and | challenge deni:i—when we may reasonably expect to see our commerce restored to What it once Was? No matter what the causes were that produced this unpleasant result, the case stands as I have stated, ‘The languishing 0: our commerce and shipbuilding interest is the immediate eifect of heavy tax- ation, and this taxation is the eifect of the war we have just passed through, Now if I were to suggest, or rather tf this law of 1793 were to be repealed, what woald be the immediate result? Why instead of building a ship here at a cost of 390 to $100 per ton I would zo to Hngland if t wanted an iron ship, or to the bry provinces if a Wooden one, and purchase quite as serviceable a ship for less Lian half the cost of a shaila: ship here, and she would be my property and an American ship, and in this manner our commerce would be soon tut up to its former aggregate of tonnage, for 1 am satisfied there are hundreds of merchants who wouid avail of ch advantages to increase their interest in commerce, I doa’t see that the bill pending before Congress for the reimiasion of all taxes and duties on terial consumed in ship- building will have any practical effect whatever; for While labor, the source of values, reats, and indeed everything Known to domestic momy, remain wb the exorbitant rates they are this bill cannot prove of any real beneilt, No, let the oid fogy law of 193 be repealed; let the American citizen be as free as those of every other country are to go and buy his ships Wherever he can find them best and cheapest, aud don’t compel him to stay at home, build a ship at the cost of which he could own two of the same ‘size instead of one, thus doubling the tonnage with the saine outlay, These suggestions will no doubt meet the most violent opposition from our ship builders, because it would affect them seriously; but let me ask, is the greatness of this nation, the superior- it¥ it once held over the commerce of the worid, the immense loss annually accruing to us by this sui- cidal course—are all these to be subordinated to the interests of the few ship builders of the country? How many are they that such immense sacrifices should be demanded in their behalf? Keeping in mind the fact that these vessels, being owned by us, would of course hail from, be always repaired, itt out, loaded, discharged in our own ports, and in general afford as much employment and dispense the same amount of money among our ship builders, laborers, &c., as though they were built here, except in that one particular circumstance, ‘These suggestions have been called to my mind ssf reading the articles | have in your columns, as well as by my daily observations of canse and effect as applied to the subject in question, and however my own views may be regarded upon this, one thing seems to be as certain as sunrise, that it is a mere question of time when our proud and popular tfag wiill disappear from the seas almost entirely, except when borne by our gailant navy. * COMMELCIO. could, JEFF DAVIS? COTTON LOAN. The Alabama Claims and Confederate Cotton Loan--Claims of the Bondholders--The Argue ment in Defence. 32 NicHoLas Lanz, LONDON, Feb. To THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD: 1 take the liberty of addressing you this letter, with the request that you will give it publicity in your columns, because I think the time has arrived for Great Britain and America to cease to abuse each other and come to a business like settlement of the disputes, both political and financial, arising from the late war. I have no doubt thig is the opinion of the sensible portion of both nations, and therefore I appeal to you to give publicity to this letter, because I know that if the Alabama claims constitute, to use the words of the Rev. New- man Hail, “a root of bitterness” on the part of those who believe they have claims against the British government, so does the conduct of the United States government create a root of bitterness for having intervened and by force compelled the South- ern States to repudiate a loan made to those States when a de facto government, by British subjects, on the hypothecation of cotton, which they were tohave the privilege of purchasing at pene per pound six months after the termination of the war; and this was the inducement, and no other, which caused the advance to be made, It is the violent act of intervention on the part of the United States between the Southern States and their creditors of which we complain, and you will pardon me for observing if there has been so great a ference in opinion in America as to the precise re- lations that the various States of North and South bore to the Union we may be excused in England if we considered that it was a war between the North- ern States and the Southern States and that it was ee of international law to lend as we did to both. Let me put the case thus:—Supposing the Southern States had conquered the Northern, what would have been the feeling throughout the world if the South- ern States nad insisted that the Northern should re- pudiate any debt they had contracted in Europe during the war? Would there not have been a howl of execration at such injustice throughout the civilized world? There would, and justly so. Permit me to add that it is not be- cause the debt contracted by the Southern States on the hypothecation of cotton is small—that its repu- diation can take place without injury to the credit both of the ie gai South. Were these Alabama , 1868, claims and cotton loan settled the British public would invest much more free!: in the public funds of America, and ‘a rise would take place in their value which would far outweigh any sacrifice made by paying them; why one per cent rise in the United States debt would more than the whole of the loan advanced on cotton. I at the matter as aman of business, and I wish to see peace, and with it increased monetary and business transactions take place between the United States and England; they are now restricted because of these miserable claims on one side and the other, You want equity, so do we; that is all we ask. Let the Southern States recognize and pay this cotton loan, for which we advanced ninety cent, be- cause we considered it a cotton loan, and we should not have advanced on any other security. The credit of the Southern States is utterly annihilated by this act of forced repudiation, and they will not be able to borrow a shilling in Europe until allowed to recognize and pay this paltry debt. You may think to punish the bondholders, but it is a penny wise and pound foolish act so far as. the interests of both North and South are concerned. In the hope that this communication may be favor- ably received by the American public, and that it will lead to a frank and friendly settlement of all pecu- ntary an between the United States and Eng- land, is the sincere wish of those I represent, I have the honor to be your most obedient servant, WM. MORGAN, On behaif of the Committee of Cotton Bondholders. I beg to enciose the memorial we presented to Lord Stanley, which I trust you will think fairly and temperately drawn up, and it is well to observe that the Alabama escaped ten months before the cotton ican was made, 32 NICHOLAS LAN! LOMBARD StTReeT, March TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD: Sin—I had the honor of addressing you, as well as other leaders of public opinion in the United State on the 28th ultimo on behalf of our constituents on the subject of the Alabama claims and the cotton joan. I trust my letter will be received in the friendly spirit in which it was written for the adjustment of both causes of grievance will redound to the credit of both countries, and it would give us and our constituents far greater pleasure to petition the House of Commons to do equity to the citizens of America, because they had done us equity, than to take a course directly the reverse, Allow me to point out to those who guide Ameri- can politics how short-sighted has been the policy of those who have advocated the repudiation of the cot- ton loan, and mixed eo our gracious Queen’s procia- mation of neutrality with the damages done by the escape of the Alabama. In the one instance they have laid themselves open to the retort that they should do equity before 4 seek equity, and in the other they have rendered it mpossible for any British Minister to entertain the question of arbitration on the basis insisted on by Mr. Seward. But this is not the whole extent of the mischief that has been done; for had the Southern States been permitted to pay this loan their credit in Europe would have stood high, and they might have raised new loans here on their joint responsibility and there- by asa to the capital of which they #o greatly stand in need. Allow me to inform you, from practical experience, what has been the result of this forced repudiation. When the Wilmington and Manchester Raillw: wished to borrow £200,000 for the equipment of their line they offered to take in aymnent Con- federate cotton bonds at tie price of twenty-five, ex the overdue interest; but although the cotton bonds were only nominally seven per cent in the market no one could be found to accept this offer, because they feared that any ad- vance they made would be ordered likewise to be forcibly repudiated by the government and Congress of the United States. By the rules of the Stock Exchange no Southern State could borrow money in this country unless it first recognized and paid ite proportion of the Re TA woe me Hoa A aopeeire oe a bo pd of the forth suffers by the short-si forced re- udiation. Five-twenty bonds world rule much high- er in Kurope if the cotton loan were oaive There isalwaysa ragoe dread that the holders of five-twenty bonds might be subjected, by @ reaction of public opinion in America, to have their bonds repudiated for having advanced their money in order to keep up monopoly in the Eastern States, to the detriment of the free trade interests in the South and West. Repudiation is wonderfully elastic in its principles of appiication in a country 80 Mosaic in its institu- tions as America, and what may one day be sauce for the geese who lent the South money on their promise to deliver them cotton at éd. per pound in exc! for their bonds six months after the termination of the war, may on another become sauce to the ganders Who lent the North money under the idea that they were to be repaid their principal and interest in gold for aiding to crush the South. Tenclose you an article from the Money Market Review, 2% yest financial authority, whieh will " YOu svught of the Alabame and cotton loan questions in tits country. | have the honor to be, sir, your uost obedient servant, WM. MORGAN, On behalf of self and Committee of Cotion Rond- ho play on both sides. is fai AS Hattie. The twenty-fifth Sunday coacert at Stelaway Hall to-night will introduce Miss Alida Topp (the Ameri- ean Arabella Goddard), Ardavani, the popular bari- tone; Madame © great prina tonna, and a large oreh To-morrow night the sixty-seventh performance of the “White Fawn” takes place, On Monday a new attraction will be introduced at the New York Circus in the shape of the Cenophalas, @ chimpanzee, baboon, gorilla, or some such un- canny being, which performs the most extraor ‘nary feats on horseback, ‘The opera season reoy Howard Glover, the is in town, ‘The two troupes of Honton Brothers and the spec- tacle of ‘*Undine” ar attractions Wood's, the National and Mozart Hal, Cincionat “Undine, or the Naiad Queen,” a grand ballet spec- tacle, was ‘produced at the Olympic, St, Louis, for the first time on the 16:8. A brave Knight (a pretty woman, of course), a comic squire, a fairy queen and tie usual concomitaucs of a spectacie ave in it, id to have been @ success and promises to run h the season, famous German dwarfs, Jean Piccolo, Jean , are at tie Apollo, St. Louis. a8 at Pike’s on Wednesday. ell Kaown English composer, ‘The Petit and Kisz Jozsk ‘The Florences concluded their engagement at De Bar's last night, The Richings English opera troupe gave “Fanst” at Crosby's. Caicago, on tae idth, The performance Was the least satisfactory of the season, althou Mrs. Seguin-Harrison’s Siebelis praised in the highest manner, 5 have brought out “ Norwood” at McVi ‘tern dramatic stomachs will It proved a failure in this city. ‘fom Thumb and his nee Miss Lav! ren, aud Commodor nd his wife, ne nie Warren, are giving re Hall, Mrs, Pb Fanny Kemble is delighting the people ot Iphia valied readings of. the Shakespearian pl: ert Hall. The Harrison opera season ai the Academy, Phila- ee has been favored with crowded houses last week, On Thursday, March .26, the grand organ concert, consisting of a reunion of all the principal organists in Philadelphia, twenty-five in uumber, with a num- ber of eminent vocalisis and instrumentalists, will take place at Concert Hall. ‘there will"be grand choruses from eight to twenty-tour organs, the pré gramme being selected from Ue works of Mendels- solin, Gounod, Bach, Choron, Rossini, Mozart, Wag- ner and others, ‘Tuesday, March 24, will witness at Concert Hatt the urst grand combination concert, on which occa- sion Madame Gazzaniga will sig the “Salve Maria” of Rizzo, the cavatina from ‘il Poliuto,” anp be assisted by the excellent varitone, Ardavani; Leopold de Meyer, the Ee pianist, and ierr Listemann, the admirable violinist. Mile. Fanny Janauschek, the greatest living actress in the German language, aud one of the first living histrionic artista of the inteLectual school, having had a brilliant and most successful tour through the Weat, will give, previous to her departure for Europe, six farewell performances in Philadelphia at the Academy of Music, comimencing on Wednes- aay, April 1, with Schiller’s “Mary Stuart.’* Loe is pisving. at the Pittsburg Opera House. Forrest appeared at the Metropolitan, Indianopolis; last week. Edwin Adams concluded a brilllant en; the New Orieans Varieties on the 15th. sal had a benefit on the following night. Alice Kingsbury is a javorite ut the St. Charles, “The Grand Duchess” was given on Sunday night last at the New Orleans Opera House. Lmagine the “cancay” on a Sunday | Mile. Marietta Ravel played the “French Spy” at Minneapolis last week. Poor Maximilian is obliged to strut on the boards of a Louisville German theatre to-morrow night. (iss Laura Queen, a sprightly little actress, made her debut in the “Child of the Regiment” at Troy, N. Y., on the 16th. Frederic! and the Grau*German opeta troupe of forty-two persons are highly spoken of in the South. They played last week in Savannah. wrement at rs. Gomer- Abrond. The revival of “Kean” at the Od¢on has not been fortunate. The character of Kean owed much to the admirable impersonation of it given at first by Frederick Lemaitre. Berton, who succeeds him tp the part, is not up to its weight. His performance lacks breadth and passion. “Kean” is one of the most irregularly constructed of Dumas’ plays, and the vogue it has obtained is due rather to chance and to admirable acting than to any especial merit in the play. The night of its production at the Od¢on was chosen for an attack upon the management for the non-production of “Ruy Blas.” An immense au- dience which was assembled uttered persistent cries of “Victorglugo!” “Ruy Blas!’ and for some time the performances had to be suspended. The proposal to unite the two great London opera companies under one management is said to have met with a check. Mr. Guy asks £970,000 for his scenery and properties; Mr. Mapleson demands £15,000 for acceding to the scheme; and the promo- ters of the company consider £200,000 enough for the former, and limit their proposed capital to that sum. Sup) ing this dimiculty to be tided over, Mr. Maple- son is to be nominally sole manager, but Is to be gov- erned by a board of directors, who, in some unex- Plained way, are to reduce the salaries of operatic singers, and make the great artists more amenable to reason than has hitherto been the case. The truth is that as long as the wealtny capitals of the world are competing for musical talent 80 long will the first artists command their price, aud practically dictate their own terms. Paris, Vienna, Lisbon, St. Peters. burg each welcomed some members of our two opera Pid at the close of last season, and the Russian capital is paying Mario £200 ht at this time. iiss Rose Hersee, who has been for some weeks singing with Mr. Mapleson’s Italian opera concert part (including Mile. Titlens, Mme. Demeric La- lache, Mr. Hohler, Mr. Santicy, M. Wehli and Signor Berignani), has been engaged by Mr. Mapleson for four years. i A new piece soon to be brought out at the Chatelet theatre in Paris has givea a deal of trouble to the censors. It is called “The Vengeur” and it is founded on an incident in the battle between the Engtish and French fleets on the Ist of June, 174. The Vengeur Was sunk, and her crew weut down to the cry of “Vive la République,” in answer to the British éap- tain'’s summons to surrender, This is the French ver- sion of the story. According to the English account the crew called out lustily for heip, which the Brittah boats afforded to the best of ther power, it this has nothing to do with the diieulty of the censora. They are quite willing to acceps the French version, with one linportant pepliou:—ilow can they lets crew sink at the Caftelet to the ery of “Vive ta .é pu me? Regardless of history, one of them sug- gested © Vive UEmpereu This it was feare | would be too much for th ‘y. At jast It was decided that the death evy of the supernumeraries s id be “Vive la Franc A new dificalty has to be settled. It is well known that ships in battie always sink to the slow inusic of the national air. Historic truth requires that the Vengear should tw down with the Marsei of the question, and “art it has been suggested, is oq Bat this, agal ir la Syrie, y out of the q at some adaptation of e will be the strains that ‘iners? ears. “svourg gives some details of a representation given for the retirement of Mme, Voiny# (Léontine Fay), and at which were present the Emperor and Empress, together with the heredt- tary Grand Duke and ‘and Dukes Viadimir, Alexis and Constanti in “Par droit de in “Les Petit Péchés de la Grand’-Maman.” a the curtain fell on the latter piece a staircase was fixed from the orchestra to the stage; the drop was then raised, and there bang all the performers of the French theatre ranged in a semi-circie, in the centre of which the two senior performers, MM. Vernet and Pechena, brought forward the heroine of the evening. At that moment two servauts mounted from the orchestra to the stage, bearing a chest, Cn] on the lid being removed, showed a magnificent service of silver, presented as a homage of the nu- merous admirers of the actress. The applause all the time was tremendous. Next ap & little girl Menage a bracelet placed on a velvet cushion, & souvenir offered to Madaine Voinys by her fello artists, Lastly, MM. Bourdine and Karatyguine, the name of the artists of the Russian theatre, pre- sented an album containing a farewell compliment signed’ by all their comrades. Amid the loudest applause the curtain fell, but the shouts of the whoie theatre caused It to be raised again five or six times insuccession, At one of these reappearances Madame Raabe and the eldest lady of the German company delivered to the favorite actress a compliment, writ- ten on vellum, froto all their comrades. In the course of the renee, ate Majesties summoned Madame Volnys to their presence, and graciously preseu' her with @ magnificent bracelet adorned wi precious stones. Botp Ropsery.—As a young lady named Miss Hayward, who resides at 467 West Twenty-second street, Was passing through the latter street, near the Nifth avenue, yesterday, a young fellow about sixteen years of age rushed up her, and before she could divine motive snatched a portemonnale, | cont $25 which she held in her band, and then ran ward immediately after the formed the Sixteenth precinct police of the ciroum- stance, Captain Williamson has placed the case in the hands of oftcers, who think they Will be enabled to get hold of the andactous thief. Drowsep.—A man named Edward Clancy, while at work yesterday afternoon on pler No. 1 North river, fell off the dock into the river aud was drowned. ‘The body was not recovered.