The New York Herald Newspaper, March 1, 1868, Page 5

* THE FUTURE METROPOLIS. Indicatious of the Future Progress of the City—The Pian of the Western Tract—lis Peoroughfares, Lougitudinal and Traus- werse—More Central Park Gates to be Needed—The New Parks and Av. posed Wideni The city of New York has had really only two periods of history-—viz., that in which it ranked simply as an ordinary seaport city, which was @losed with 1820, and that of a great commercial entre, which it entered upon with the con- struction of the Erie canal and the completion, fink by link, of the leading railroads, which faave put it in communication with the produc- itive industry of the whole couatry. In 1756 it had a population of 10,381; in 1773, of 21,786; im 1786, of 23,614; in 1790, of 33,131; in 1800, of 160,489; in 1810, of 96,373, In the year 1800, at the opening of the century, Philadelphia was of eater population than New York and put forth ims as the commercial centre of the United Bates, though founded sixty-eight yeara after the founding of New York; and at the beginning of the century also Boston disputed with New York for the palm of commercial importance, In 1810 this city had just passed Philadelphia in point ef population, and exceeded it by eighty- six ~=persons only, while in 1800 the latter lexceeded the former in this respect by nearly ten thousand. At this period the four leading cities the United States were Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore and Boston, in the order mentioned, hile in 1810 New York stood in the van, Philadel- , Baltimore and Boston following in their er. The following table exhibits the relative pulations of theae several cities at the begin- and end of the first decade of this century:— New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, 0 +» 60 459 10,287 26,514 24,987 u ++ 06,373 06,287 85,538 83,250 Half a century has made a wonderful difference ; nle New York is now the metropolis of the con- nent, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Boston have windled comparatively to the rank of provincial ities and marts of local trade, for which New ‘ork forms the great wholesale market. Since 310 the increase of population in New York has een equal to twenty-eight per cent every five ars, and has somewhat more than doubled its ginal once in every twenty years. The subjoined ulation exhibits the igures and percentages of 8 kemi-decadal increase:— Population. Percent ye of Increase, 23.706 = Average rate of increase every five years... In 1864 the City Inspector estimated the popn- on of the city at 1,030,000—an estimate which in keeping with the general law of metropolitan ease ; and of this population one-half was es- mated to be above Fourteenth street, though no ecnrate figures were then in existence as to the lative disposition of population, and recourse 3 had to the figures of 1860, when the number bove tliat line amounted to 344,462. In 1840 so tle was the city built up that there was only aggregate of 33,811 above Fourteenth ect to 278,899 below; in 1845, above population was 54,728; below, $16,495; p 1860, above, 113,513; below, 402,034; in 5, above, 212,334; below, 417,476; in 0, above, 344,462 ; below, 469,792. In 1865 a estimate placed 504,000 abeve Fourteenth et to about the same number below it; and will probably open with three-quarters of a lion of inhabitants above the line of Union mare. Should the rate of increase which has vailed since 1820 continue, therefore, the year 0 will open with s population in New York of 2,187,024, the increase of which for every years will exhibit these figures :— 1,042,245 1,834,073 1,708,613 mites 2;187,024 At this rate the whole city below Eighty-sixth et will have been densely packed in 1875; in every vacant let below 155th street will have n built upon, and in 1890 there will have been 3 enough erected on the island for the ac- pmedation of 2,992,945 inhabitants. It may be amed for purposes of calculation that the ulation of New York city is now increasing at rate of 75,000 per year, and will continue so increase for the next twenty-five years, or atil the whole island shall have been occupied— Mowing twenty-five persons per house of twenty by one hundred. Twenty-five is, however, Targe an estimate, the average of London not ing over eight to every inhabited house. In 55 this average in New York was fifteen, and i probably never exceed twenty, with anything tke due regard to sanitary conditions. Below hty-sixth. street there were in 1865 lots the number of 25,261, of twenty-five by hundred, which had not been built upon, and = increase of 75,000 calling for an increase of ,000 houses per yoar, this e will have been in ten and a half years. Five years ago the tion of buildings was going on at the rate of 000 per year, and 3,000 hereafter is not, there- e, an extravagant estimate. In 1865 there was nt land enough below the line of 155th street the erection of 46,555 h uses of the size of enty feet by one hundred. In fifteen years from 5, that is in 1880, this area will, therefore, have n filled up, and only the Fort Washington tract be left for building upon. Streets are not lied up in this mathematical way of spacing, owever, and at least one-fourth of the whole area ast be allowed for public buildings and other ban dwelling houses. Nor are cross streets filled so soon as the longitudinal avenues, hich puvh northward like pioneers, often many res in advance*of the contiguous cross eets and transverse thoroughfares. Up town, iso, population is likely to radiate from centres e Yorkville, Harlem, Manhattanville, Fort Wash- gion and Spuyten Duyvil; and to these may be ded a second tendency—viz., that of business, gather on the exterior streets and to push ward on transverse lines for residences; and o a third—viz., the tendency to radiation from Park on all sides—the desirability of lots outing the Park rendering them likely to be mest built apon for purposes of elogant uirban residences, Other and lesser tendencies ill operate to an extent, of course; but that e will be the great operative principles of the lopment of the upper part of the island nnot be doubted, and may be assumed, erefore, as inevitable in their influence upon | estate walues for the next ten years. operty, therefore, is likely to be of greater Ine along the longtitudinal streets, every one of hich will be a thoroughfare, than upon those waning transversely, which will be mostly in de+ nd for purposes of residence. Tho exterior ta, bot on the Hadson and the Harlem sides, e immediate vicinity of the Park, the line of the w Boulevard, the vicinity of Fort Washington nd other villages on the upper tract, are likely to for some years most rapid in rise of real estate lucs, which will remain more or less sta- onary in the remaining interior; and in this direc- jou the eyes of shrewd investors are already purned, as tracts to yield an immediate eft. From theso points, as the city ogresses, the increase of values will radiate in M directions, until every available squaro od of the island is ocoupied. A few transverse horough fares depending upon the adjoining cities or their location will, perhaps, soon vie with the ding avenues in yalue of property; but more NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MARCH 1, 1868—TRIPLE SHEET. than Manhattan street and the strect cutting through the hills from Tubby Hook to the Harlem river cannot be indieated at present with any probability of guess, from lack of data upon which to base calculations, An accurate survey of the surrounding suburban cities would furnish the means for a calculation of this sort; but these surveys have never been made with a'view to the solution of this problem, whieh is, after all, of more importance to the speculator than the public at large. THE FUTURE METROPOLIS. Thus far New York has been considered as an isolated city—a central city in the midst of several continuous ones. This, however, isno just man- ner of consideration; and properly to estimate the metropolis it must be counted as inclusive of its suburban sisters, Brooklyn, Wisliamsburg and Jersey City, as well as Hoboken, Weehawken and the opposite shores generally—transit to which will ultimately be carried over on colossal bridges—making New York proper simply the metropolitan heart of a great metropolis, which will be larger ultimately than London and Paris taken together. The river will form then simply a silent highway of commerce, winding and doubling through the midst of the grandest metropolis that the world ever produced— the metropolis, perhaps, of the world itself; for, from a certain felicity of geographical situation and topography, there can be no doubt but that Manhattan Island and the country contiguous, making an elliptic of thirty miles in length by fifteen in breadth, is suscepti- ble of being developed into the actual mart, not of America only, but of the civilized world. Both the South American and Asiatic trade must ulti- mately centre here, and ere long—say within a century—London and Paris will come to the New York market and will find in the New York mar- ket the great trade centre. These specula- tions are, however, among the things about to be realized, and need not be discussed to the exclusion of present matters of interest. A table of the development of the whole considered as one metropolis may be appended as data for comparison, and with this may be concluded the speculation. The following table exhibits the tistics of the population of the several! cities, politi- cally speaking, which really constitute the city of New York so far as natural boundaries are con- cerned:— 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, New York... 123,706 202,589 812,710 515,547 814,254 Brooklyn... 7,155 16,396 36,233 96,838 266,661 ‘Williamsb’g.. 1,000 2, 6,000 30,780 —_ Jersey City.. 1,000 2,000 3,071 6,856 29,226 Total...... 182,861 221,985 857,015 650,021 1,110,141 Percentage of increase..... 67 ' 61 | 82 70 The population of the whole was in 1865 esti- mated at 1,600,000, which is in accord with the previous average of increase for every five years— viz, thirty-five per cent or seventy per cent for every ten years. Assuming seventy per cent of increase for every ten years, the year 1900 would open with 9,272,004 as the population of the fu- ture metropolis; and for every decade from 1860 forward the figures will stand as follows :— 1860. 1,110,141 1,837,239 3,208,306 5,454,120 72,004 Within the space indicated—say six hundred sqare miles or a little less—this accumulation of population is, perhaps, impossible; but that the laws upon which these statistics are based and the principles of development out of which they spring will prevail for a quarter of a century in the future, there can be no reason for doubting; for, with a population of less than six millions, the natural metropolitan capacity of the situation will not have been so exhausted as to set bounds tothe onward progress of the city and its sub- cities taken together. The line of the Hudson will, of course, furnish @ sort of natural highway for the development of th: trepolis northward; and the time will soon come when Sing Sing and Yonkers will be simply portions of one vast city, of which the Hudson will form the commercial avenue, Asa metropolis considered, these cities are as lerge as Paris and, in fact, as large as London was in 1831—though London is as old as the days of imperial Cesar; and if tables of population be collated with reference to the effect of the financial crises of 1837, 1854 and 1857, and others of lesser note, it will be found that none of these have been sufficient to disturb its progress to any appreciable degree. New York is just now, in fact, entering upon its career of metropolitan grandeur, which will no doubt ultimately outvie the grandeurs of Paris and London; for both Lon- don and Paris are examples of what is possible in the way of prosperity and magnificence ; and he who has never seen either, and whose horizon of observation has been bounded by New York past and present as the grandest city and the most beautifal within his individual ken, may well fail to discern what New York is to be and with what splendor it will bedeck itself within the next quar- ter of a century. IMPORTANCE OF ADEQUATE THOROUGHFARE. It is important, therefore, that adequate tho- roughfare should be provided for in the plan of the upper part of the city’, and that bold and compre- hensive minds should bring their best talent to the work. Owing to inadequacy of thoroughfare Paris has undergone a complete transformation since 1848, most of which has been due to the far- sightedness of the present Emperor. Vacant suburbs have been incoporated in the city by the extension of its walls, and have been covered with magnificent palaces of business or dwelling; trees have been planted along the streets; elegant fountains have been introduced ; lighting by gas has became universal; a series of broad streets radiating from the regions back of the Hotel de Ville have "been opened, avd large buildings of uniform elevation have been erected upon them; lines of quays have been completed; the Place de la Concorde and other public places have been embellished ; the Elysian Fields have been surrounded with picturesque structures, and its course through the Are de la Triomphe de l’Etoile to the Bois de Boulogne has been made the finest thoroughfare in all Europe. The Hotel de Ville has becn magnificently rebuilt, the Palace of the Louvre has been finished, the Notre Dame has been restored, and hospitals, model prisons, bridges, fountains and arcs de triomphe have been added with profusion to the improvements within the Department of the Seine, making the city ex- penses under the administration of M. Haussman about 200,000,000 francs per year in this metamor- phosis of the capital of France, all of which might have been obviated by adequacy of plan at the beginning. The same metamorphosis has been going om to a considerable extent in the lower portion of New York, simply because the commissioners of 1807 placed 400,000 as the maximum of New York's population within half a century from the completion of their plan (1811) and made no adequate provision for the double of that number and somewhat more which that half century brought forth. The Park “Commis- sion ought not to stop, therefore, without ade- quate provisioa for the utmost possible maximum both of New York proper and the adjacent citi and it may be stated to their oredit that they have thus far (piloted by the comprehensiveness of mind and cultured taste of Mr. Andrew H. Green) manifested a very thoraugh comprehension of what is needed and expected from them. THE WEST SIDE has one of the tracts under the supervision of the Commission, and adequate provision is now being made for the development of this tract and the extension ef the city westward. The rectan- gular plan apon which the laying out of this tract ‘was begun fifty years ago was based upon an utter lack of comprehension of the needs of this tract. The plan was simple enoug! thematical enough, numerical enough in and flatenonch | in grades, but by no means applicable to the to- Pography of the ground to be treated. From the entire application of this plan to the upper west side the Bloomingdale road is all that has saved | the city; and from the utter absurdity of the numerical nomenclature the Park Commission baye made an effort re- deem portions of the upper tract. Thus far sites of command for public buildings have been comparatively few. Tho City Hall Park presents one; Astor place, at its intersection of the avenues, another; Union square a third; Madison square a fourth, thongh less commanding; and in the vicinity of the Park several further commanding situations are offered. The inter- sections of Broadway with the several aveuues affords a few more locations of lesser importance, but all together are quite insufficient for the wants of ® great city. These points are hereafter to become centres of value—a fact which real estate speculators are already beginning to com- prehend and to make significant use of, The area of the west sido tract is ex- ceedingly diversified and undulating, being divided by the Manhattanville valley into two main shoulders of highland. The surface of this valley is nearly at the water level, and entering at the Ninth avenue, it divides the hills with a bottom of five squares, from 123d to 128th strect, running at that width to the Hudson river and thence extend- ing from 129th to 133d street. North of this a high bluff rises from the Hudson river, and round- ing over falls into level near Ninth avenue. This hill is from one hundred to one hundred and thirty feet in height. Below the valley above mentioned the ground has the general description of a high tableland, of which Eighth avenue occupies the ridge with an average elevation of thirty feet above that of Fifth avenue. The elevation of Eighth avenue above tide level at various points is as follows:— At Fifty-ninth street. At Seventioth street, At Eighty-fith street At Ninety-second street At 104ib street, At 110th street, At 120th street, From thence it falls with gradual slope to the level of the Harlem plains. At 106th the ridge turns westerly amd passes under Ninth avenue, which rides thereupon to 120th street. Then comes a second westerly bend, at the ridge forming the southern side of the Manhattan valley to the Hudson. The grade of Eighth avenue, as now regulated, will rise by filling in depressions to the summit of this ridge at Ninety-secend street, and thence fall regularly to the Harlem plains. A’ bold bluff borders the Hudson from Seventy-second to 130th street. This bluff has a table of approxi- mate heights as follows: to ‘At Eightieth st At Eighty-third atreot At Ninety-sixth street. At Ninety-seventh and At Ninety-ninth strest At 110:h street, At its bighest p At 129th street. This ridge runs midway between Eleventh and Twelfth avenues as far as 129th street, between which and along the crest of the ridge has been laid out a sinuous avenue from Seventy-second street to 129th street. The Riverside Park begins atthe former street, with a width of half a square, and stops at Eighty-fifth street, where the River- bank avenue is merged into the Twelfth, and con- tinues to run parallel therewith, or rather divided from it by a terrace wall of seventy feet in height, to Ejghty- ninth street. At Seventy-ninth street ono cross thoroughfare is yielded; and from Eighty- fifth to Eighty-ninth street, inclusive, five more cross streets have been extended to the river. At Eighty-ninth street the Park is again resumed and continues to 129th street, with an average width of half a square. At Ninety-sixth street another cross thoroughfare is gained. The Riverbank avenue is to be improved simply as a border to the Riverside Park, and will form one of the most elegant situations for villas and splendid resi- dences to be found anywhere in the world. In fact, in many respects, its lots cannot but be preferable to those of the Park border. From 116th to 127th street only two cross streets are continued to the Riverside Park, or rather the Riverside avenue; and a narrow par- allel avenue has been made to run midway be- tween Eleventh avenue and that on the crest. 138th street has also been discontinued for half a square between Eleventh add Twelfth avenues, owing to the intervention of a high bluff of rock. The Boulevard, which continues Broadway from its junction with Eighth avenue and Fifty-ninth street, claims second attention. Beginning in the grand circle, 432 feet in diameter at this junction and diverging from Eighth avenue at an angle of thirty-eight degrees, it crosses diagonally the parallelogram formed by Fifth-ninth street, Sixty- fifth street, Eighth avenue and Ninth avenue, and thence diverging from Ninth avenue at the same angle it cuts Tenth avenue at Seventy-second street. Thence, diverging from Tenth avenue at the same angle, it curves gracefully, cutting Seventy-cighth street midway between Tenth and Eleventh ave- nues, and, thence, is continued in a straight line and midway between the two avenues to 103d street. At 103d street it bends westerly at an angle of one hundred and fifty degrees, and cuts Eleventh at an angle of about thirty degrees, uniting with it. The transverse thoroughfares of main importance, therefore, aro indicated by these several junctions, and will be respectively Fifty-ninth, Sixty-fifth, Seventy-second and 106th streets—the latter of which will undoubtedly, from a certain felicity of situation, form the most important of all cross streets west of the Park. The Ninth avenue continues In a straight line to 110th street, where it bends westerly at an angle of one hundred and fifty degrees, continues direct to 115th street, which it cuts at the distance of half a square east of Tenth avenue, whence it takes a northerly bend and keeps at the same dis- tance from Tenth avenue as far as 120th street. Thence, with a sweeping curve, it rounds 121st street and joins Tenth avenue at 122d street. This variation of Ninth avenue from 110th street to its junction with Tenth avenue, together with the length of one square on Tenth avenue, forms the western boundary of Morningside Park, which occupies a space of thirteen squares in length. From 110th street the new avenue— with the only sainted name in the whole nomen- clature—runs midway between Eighth and Ninth avenues as far as the Convent grounds, which, rounding with a slight ourve, it passes and runs directly north on the line which would naturally be occupied by Ninth avenue. From 110th to 114th street this avenue forms the eastern bound- ary of the Morningside Park; and from the latter point an avenue has been cat diagonally to 116th street, whore it takes up the old mathematical line of Ninth avenue and continues to the Con- vent grounds, forming the eastern boundary of the Morningside Park. Tho land to be taken for this Park isa rough, rocky declivity, fronting to the east; the avenue on the west of it is from sixty to one hundred feet above the level of Har- lem plains. «MANHATTAN STREET. The Manhattan valicy is marked by Manhattan street, 100 feet wide, which runs from the junction of 124th street and the avenue above described to the Hudson river, where it forms @ junction with 130th street. This street, being of easy grade, is likely to form one of the great west side thorough- fares of traffic. It cuta the line of the Boulevard between 126th and 129th streets and terminates one aquare north of the Riverside Park ; and along its lino property cannot but become very valuable within a few years. The great Broadway of the West side, however, will bp the Boujevard, and, of course, at its intersections with the avenues will be located its most immediately valuable points. In connection with these points projects to widen and ornament the intersecting streets have been pro- posed and ventilated. As a thoroughfare of fashion the most important of these will be 106th street, which leadsdirectly from the Riverside Park to the most sightly poiat of the Central Park— viz., the great hill, The project of widening this street and treating it es a part of the Boulevard has been mooted (and will no doubt be adopted before the street is built up), as also has been that opening a new gate into the Park in front of the intersection of the street with Eighth avenue, to receive some name indicative of the élite which is hereafter to throng its sidewalks and pavé. This Park entrance, if agreed upon, should be highly ornamental, form- ing an appropriate structural ending for the street in question, hereafter to be the most celebrated transverse thoroughfare between Fifty-ninth and 110th streets, At present, in fact, aud more especially as the city develops, the number of Park gates will be found quite insufficient, and their increase is a question which should be held open and subject to the public demand. By all means there should be a gate opening directly at the base of the great hill opposite 106th street. Since the most eommanding devation of the whole Park is here located and ought to be rendered easy of access from this thoroughfare. This hill will * be terraced in due season also, and the natural open- ing of this terrace will be upon Eighth avenue, at the foot of it. This project is now under considera- tion and canuot but secure attention and active work at some time not long in the future. It would be well, in fact, to open new gates opposite every one of the thoroughfares indicated by the junction of the Boulevard with the several avenues, and no doubt the feasibility of doing this has already occurred to the Commissioners. The Park was laid out before the Boule- vard, and its gates, for want of data, have been rather arbitrarily disposed than otherwise; and, though none of tiem suould be closed, others accommodated to the wants of the existing plan should be opened from time to time as public de- mand may indicate or public convenience require. In fact the gates on the west side ought to be more numerous than those on the east, since the great upper thoroughfares of the city will be located on this tract; and within the next ten years two- thirds of all the visitors thereat will really enter from thoroughfares of the western tract, pouring from every point. of intersec- tion heretofore indicated into the great pleasure ground o! the city. No more far-sighted measure, in fact, could be adopted than the anticipation of this want before it is seriously felt aud the re- sponding to it in advance of any agitation. The expeuse would be at present comparatively small, andthe opening of these gates would secure a complete unison of the Park with the just complvted plan of the western tract, and tend to develop with greater rapidity its lead ng trans- verse thoroughfares. The drive along the Boule- vard must otherwise, in order to gain the great hill, be turned at 110th street, instead of passing down to 106th street, which is opposite the hill; and thus the pleasure seeker is forced to the Harlem flats to gaia access instead of continuing on the high ground along the line of the Boulevard to the ornamented junction of the Boulevard with 106th street, and across a highly ornamented street to the great hill. The proposition to extend the number of gates on the western boundary needs no further discussion, however, and may be left for five years; though itis sure to become a serious question within that time, and to have its way finally. The opening at 106th street has, in fact, already received considerable attention, and will no doubt be carried into effect at an early day. THE EAST S1DE is also beginning to demand an ornamental thoroughfare, which in due season will be needed and must be rendered. Fifth avenue is by no means available for this purpose, and attention has been turned to Madison avenue, now opened as faras Eighty-sixth street and just about to be opehed to the Harlem river, as supplying the means to attain this desideratum. Property along this line has not attained that inordinate figure which renders widening impracticable, so far as it relates to the Fifth avenue and others; and if, in connection with its opening, its widening were ordered, the ornamental thoroughfares on both sides of the Park might be considered as com- plete. It has been proposed, therefore, to widen this avenue to the breadth of 100 feet from from Fifty-ninth strect to the Harlem river, to which point it will soon be opened, and to orna- ment it with trees and carriage ways after the model of the Boulevard. The favorable consider- ation of this project by the authorities will se another great Yongitedinal thoroughfare, which will be needed on the east side almost imme- diately, and should, therefore, be decided upon with promptness and opened for grading; and it is to be hoped that the city authorities will not be so short-sighted as to rejectit, And with thie suggestion, leaving the Fore Washington tract to be hereafter discussed, this paper may be ap- propriately though rather abruptly concluded, other details of the west side having been ex- hausted in a previous article. THE AMERICAN CONSUL AT JERUSALEM, From the New York Hebrew Mesvenger, March 2.} ‘he following telegram appeared in the daily papers on Wednesiay last;— Depmtic EER, Fed, 19, 1868 selan House of Depution yesterday the govern. soncen carats explain why the United states Consul at Jerusalem (V. Hees metas) wan ey wees ie one Markas, a Jews! ect 0} wel, wi! whose ward, a ¥¢ irl, the American Consul sought to elope: y. after ber guardian had been thrown into prison to facliitate the acempt, the Prussian Cone sul at Jerusalem. refused his demand, a9 # gubjeot of the K , (or protection, ‘ihe case creates much fe Jews, who regord it as invol principles similar to those vivlated in the Mortara Rome, wad who represent that ihe outrage {8 an iusult to Pruws ‘avon ton der Hey nance Minister, ree plied that ale was a federal, et consequendy he ot & Prussian, repres H ade to the Chan application for wnformat of tie North German Confederati he above we add a narrative of faci as they have be initted to us by the constituce: rities in Paicatt A Jew, named M. Steinberg, @ », died, leaving two daughters and a gon, The eldest of the daughters married a Russias and embraced Christianity, The 0a, the sole support of his younger sisier, also died, leaving her, at the ace of fourteen, without any relative, and in needy circumstances, In this exigency, ® worthy Ie raclite, by the name of L. Markus, also a Prus- sian subject, took her to his home, providing for ail her wants. ‘The poor young woman became sick, was conveyed to the Rovhschild Hospital. Her sister paid her daily visits and importu er to become a convert anity, offering her the comforts of a home; but jawess, although physically woak, remained principles, resolving ratuer to die than aban- sh. In due th convalesced, and Rabbi kk ber to his how ter, tinding that she had left the hospital and bad returned to ber former quarters, determined to use coercive measures to briug ber te her ho teans vot expiaived persuaded the Consul of the Un: tater, Mr, Victor Beaubouchier, to assist her in takin, her sister by force, This coming to the knowedge o| Markus, he applied by telegraph to the Prussian Consul ‘at Bey rout to protect tho girl, but ere an answer arrived the American Consul, accompanied by twofoflicers, en. tered the house of Markus by force, ard as the girt could not be found, efter ordering him to be punished in severe manner for resisting, had him conveyeil to prison, threatening to stab any One who would attempt 6 his prisoner. gabeequentiy the friends of Markue applied to the Turkish Consul, who ordered bis \inmediate release, Mo ‘of course, was complicd with, and Markus re turned to his home, The Saad gta -J = Sea being — of American laws, require o! answers we x” Wheiner @ Consul for the United Explanatory of t may 2 Has ho the right, 1m the absence of her Consul (Prussian), to fact in his stead? 3. Has be the right to enter the house Of any one not subject 10 hw authority, and then beat him Kn Toad because the guardian refuses to give wal “Pinere ‘are various other questions, but we pass thom , excepting the tenth and last, ‘‘Had the American jesul tho right to instruet the officers who accompa nied him to take any ove to prison, although the party ‘was pot an American citizen, and threaten to stab acy ‘who interfered ?'’ To all na) questions we answered in : 5 2 i . THE LATEST FASHIONS. Fashion, with her fantastical vagaries for one whole year, has dictated to, aud ruled her wor- shippers and loyal subjects with a very rod of iron, but in this penitential season of holy Lent, her devotees have cast aside the shack'es of tulle and ribbons which bound them in fashionable slavery, and now, together with the other good peeple of Christendom, have taken kindly to prayer. fasting and alins. Our ¢légantes have asserted their Christian propensities, and have ina measure discarded the delightfully perplexing and bewildering fancies that Damme Fashion invented to torment and craze them, and now read prayer books instead of puzzling their brains over the fashion plates in the magazines. Let us trust that they will find the change pleas- ant and beneficial, and that the short respite of seven weeks—how long it seems!— which they snatch from the pleasures and foilies of the world may prove an advantage and a bless- ing to them here and hereafter..> Balls, routs, par- ties and receptions wound up last week in a per- fect blaze of carnivalistic splendor, and now, from tome to Alaska, garments of humiliation, figura- tively speaking, tw the order of the day. It is befitting that some returm should be made to the Cuinipotent for the many comforts and blessings that he has vouchsafed to his creatures here upon earth; and as Fashion exerts her influence and sway over Church as wellas State, we presume that there is no great sin in going to church in fashionable attire, providing our prayers be as fervid and sincere as though we were arrayed in veritable sackcloth and ashes. Sack- cloth, as spoken ef in the Scriptures, is not a fashionable material te make sacks of now-a-days; but we have the consolation still left us that sacks are yet worn, and instead of ashes to mourn in, we can soon in clouds ef dust mourn for our sacks, Fine weather is coming on apace and before “opening day” there will be many bright genial mornings and sunny afternoons for the ladies to do their shopping and promenading. But if the shush and mud, which now lies congealed in great unsightly blocks and patches upon the sidewalks and in the streets, be not removed instead of piled up into black, misshaped ridges, the ladies will find itfar more profitable and pleasant to remain at home than to venture forth i the muddy, sloppy thoroughfares, where nothing but igus, colds and diseomfitures await them, J of pleasure, comiort and recreation, ‘The multifarious and vexatious annoyances to which the women of this goodly eity will be subjected whenever 9 thaw commences, makes us shudder at the bare thought of warmer weather. But leaving the slush and mud as it isleft by our ex- emplary street contractor—to take care of and believing that our fair reader 2 growing impatient to learn something erning the latest styles, we now propose to initiate them into the delightful little intricacies aud mysteries of which we have learned something since our last weekly chit-chat, and for which, no doubt, they ardently sighing. carcely anything new can be said of walking dresse The under skirts are still made short, and (he dress itself, when of the princess shape, is cut shorter than usual and buttoned en biais. ‘The ovaament of the under skirt should be a biais of satin to match the material in the dress, and a piping forming pattes set in zigzags and orna- mented with galoon or brai ¢ same orna- mentation is used on @ braid sash, trimmed with a fringe, and at its upper edge decorated wiih three rings of black jet, placed one above the other, and with cordelieres. ‘The biais of satin edges the whole contour of the dress, Another pretty dress can be made of a subdued silk, with trimmings of the same color, but of a deeper shade, having at each end a flat button covered with the sane material as the trimmi On each side of the front breadth, under the or thereabouts, the biais form the long and wide ends of a scarf, terminating in lozenges, and or- namenied at the lower borders with buttons and fringe. The corsage should be high und trimmed with a berthe formed by the biais and lace-b-aded fringe. The lower border of the sleeve can be ornamented with a like biais, which should be permitted to run up a little towards the elbow and finish with fringe. Although ball dresses are Henne out of use for the present season, we nevertheless append the following description of one which is considered by competent judges to be the dress, par excel- lence, of its kind. It is one of those in which gar- Jands and crescents of flowers create anew and charming effect. The under skirt is of puffed tulle, with @ broad piping of yellow satin of a peculiar shade, termed ‘ butter yellow,” while the over , or rather train, ia in spotted tulle, and is a pretext for the use of two tiers of flowers ranning the front in a circular manner around the rear of the upper skirt and a bouquet at the waist, and which gives this toilette #0 marked a cliar- acter. Flowers loop up the sleeves, which are worn short at the shoulders. The bodice is very short and cut exiremely low, especially behind, but at the centre the depth is scarcely appreciable. Each flounce of lace, with its accompanying sweep of flowers, is attached to separate skirts or tunics, and, the whole being light and diaphanous, the effect in daucing is of the most iking character, Biack and green are fast crowding Bismarck brown into oblivion. Pretty outdoor toilets of green are now trimmed with crosscut bands of black satin, fastened down at regular intervals by green gimp buttons. Dark blue serge dresses are [syertaged trimmed with rouleaux and leaves of jack satin, and biuck dresses are finished with ornamentations of black or blue. The latest in the way of evening toilets is a white z@ dress over % white satin petticoat. The gauze is cut out to form grecques, which should be bound with satin and trimmed with fringe ; a garland formed of pinked out satin should be placed above the grecques, and the dress should be looped up at each side by means of two sash ends, which are @ continuation of the satin basquine. The basquine terminates with a short basque, both at the back aud front, and the basques, as well as the top of the bodice, should be wimmed with fringe, The Sek bed re caper in lingerie are cravat col- lars, composed of a stripe of insertion, bordeved with lace for the neck part, and two square or rounded lace lapelsin front. This is exquisite in either Brussels or point lace. For deini toilet the cravat collar is made of Valenciennes lace, witb patt:rn in thick embroidery worked over it io applique. These patterns are mosily flowers or butiertlies, and look remarkably preity upou the clear lace insertion. Gilt metal continues to be the great ornament of modern toilets. It would be diilicult to ima- gine the quantity of it that has been used for the adoromeut of our fashionables this winter. We see diadeins of gilt wheat ears encircling the bead and jooping up the hair, wide belts of gilt open work, or, for sashes, large rings, to which are added different emblems, such as a bow aud quiver, Diana's horn, and so on, all of gilt metal as weil as the rings. The coiffure mantille is one of the successful novelties of the season. It is made of tue new va- riety of tulle, which is embroidered by hand, and has all the effect of rich blonde. ‘Tue edging which borders the mantille corresponds with the centre. A velvet bandeau, studded with jet and edged at both sides with narrow black blonde, crowns the forehead. For the Léa headdress the hair is combed back from the temples, and in front is so closely crépé that the parting is concealed, and the hair has all the effect of small crisp ringlets. The back hair is combed to the top of the head, and is there arranged in large bows or loo Two long curls commence from the chignon and fall below the top of the front of the bodice. A bandeau of margue- rites in diamonds crowns the forehead. For the Hortense coiffare the hair is turned back in front over a cushion; at the back, at the very top of the head, three or four small curls are fas- tened, then the chignon is composed of a number of very long curls. Curls are worn in Paris with every Variety of toilet, both in and out of doors. THE PARIS FASHIONS, e SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALO, Time and General Theo Bwan?=Ou Princess—M Mario Aatoin' Pants, Feb. 14, 1868. Carnival is shaking her merry bells and with the winning persuasiveness of a wayward beauty has coaxed Paris into momentary follity. It is strange that she should have met with a more genial welcome from the old than from the young, but it is so, The latter are content to throw over their shoulders a short bright-colored Venetian Soak, on which stands out # small grin- 5 ning wax mask, This is notso much a fiction ag it would appear at first sight, for the real disguise is, after all, on young men’s faces au naturel, where it is pretty diffloult to read truth nowadays, Their fathers, who are far less blasé, manag meanwhile to syueeze into a Mephistopheles suit or turn out Polichinelles, thus keeping up the wicked old times with all sorts of ci-devant gracea and repartie, The contrast is hideous, but it is called merry-making, and the almanac ordains that peoplo are to be merry anyhow at stated periods. This fanciful eruption on the outer sure face preserves Paris from many a serious malady; it throws out its antics, and the arteries of the big capital cease throbbing tor some weeks after this stage of delirium. The first oficial masked ball will take place to» morrow, the 15th inst., at the Foreign Minister's; but! have been favored with a few details and with a view of some of the preparations. The Emperor and Empress will attend in dom- inoes, which will be changed more than once inthe course of the evening. ‘The prettiest of the animated flowers will cer- tainly be the Daisy, with petal basques of silver cloth and skirt of green satin china aster leaves. The Fan, with pointed satin folds, mother of pearl belt, fanlike bodice, perle de cog ornaments and a fan combon high chignon, while the wearer is an adept at fan play, with Andalusian eyes, coral lips and jet black hair, Black lace drapery, falling from the comb, is to be coquettishly drawn round the perfect oval of the lady’s features. The Grecian, Watteau and Louis XV. styles are to be adopted by the proverbially indolent, whose imaginative faculties are averse to fatigue, and whose wardrobes are full of last season's finery for “making up.’” The spring is poetical, but woe to the belle who settles on so mild a sean and is not a beanty. The skirt of promise is azure blue gauze, sprinkled over with buds and bursting woodland flowerets. Dewdrops are the headdress, figured by dia- monds and crystal powder. The “pack of cards’ is made of tarlatan on which hands will be suuMled about rather too pro- miscuously, I fear, as the wearer is an inveterate . The cards are made of stamped satin. ice iva game of whist, all standing out over a lace chemisette. The diadeim of three cards is lasquenet, the ornaments are golden counters for the curs and necklac The Derby will run with a smack of raey game- ness about ii it is @ thoroughbred, of course, rather fond of “going best’? and ‘cutting down’ ou all occasions, The particolored jacket is to be of vermilion and light blue satin; silver reins, silver spurs, high boots to match the jacket, and a jockey cap wita silver ornaments will complete the attire. Yho Hongroise and Cracovienne are too well known to require description, ‘Te former ought ie hold out a collection plate for the Hungarian Jon aquarium is to be worn by a comtesse in transparent gauze, under which swim about all the fiany tribe on a shiny texture which looks ex- actly like a sheet of are not forgotten. The headdress is coral. «© is covered wilh moss aud shells, e newest costume is the black er. The sprat and lobster The skirt is long, and made ot lake blue 2, over which are lakes of marabout to represent rippling waves. Over this again fall long black feathers sparkling with water. The necklace is also made of black feathers. The wearec’s Leaddress will bo the head of a swan with ruby eyes. This and the Muse are the only train costumes; the others are short, indeed rather very so. These are the ouly details L have of what is to be, with the exception of the tree-trunk, which is to be all Bismarck, with a nest in a chignon of architectural entanglement, out of which a few owls will peep. Are they young Bis- ? marck’s? At the last oficial Wednesday, held by Mme. de Moustier, the prettiest toilet was Mme. de Met- ternich’s, @ white gauze, with an enormous blue bunchy sash behiud, over which was another gauze skirt. While Tam mentioning the Princess I may add that she drives about in a neat black little Brougham instead of the gaudy yellow vehicles which she favored last season. This tisconcerts her imitators. ds me of mourning. The Faubour main has lost its four dukes this year, an very few balis will be given in that stately quar- tier, The mourned are the Dukes of Feyensac, de Blacas, de Luynes, de Cars. A pilgrimage to the East Las been undertaken by some of the members of (hese bereaved families (by way of bereavement | suppose). The only three balls that will be tolerated in the absence of tie pilgrims are two at the Duchess de Doudeauville’s and one at the Duchess de Bisa- ni Anew fashion, imitated from hospitable capi- tals, and which has had to battle its way into Paris- iaa drawing rooins, is the introduction of tea and refreshmeat between the hours of tl.ree and six to stray visitors. The ivevitable sweets do certainly go against the faculty of medicine and take off ap- petite for dinner, but @ cup of coffce or tea one bleak afternoon is a charity to peopie who go their rounds every day with a coulinued smile on their lips and cold in their hearts. On the 16th of March the Prince Imperial will enter on his thirteenth year, and many are tho charities in contemplation on the occasion of his partaking of the holy communion in May. Vite religious director ia M, Dee guerry; hia gouvernanie, Madame Bruat; his medical attendant, Dr. Barthey; his preceptor, M. Filon; his equerry, M. Bachoo, and, first in im- portance though Jxat in this enumeration, the highly respected General of Division, Fraseard,bis governor. © apartments of the Prince are at present the | lon de Flore, opposite tle Seime. The Emperor and Empress honored wi vir presence the fifth performance of Emile Angier’s “Paul Forestier,” which, | fear, will not so much impress spectators with @ horror of vice 4s give them a high relish for it dressed in very fine attire. The last item of this correspondence’ is the dawning return of panmers, as yet only imitated by court tailors with puffings of long breadths gathered in shorter ones; but more description of this in my next. This style ix to complete the Marie Antoinette mania, of which edifices of false hair are the crowning feature. ASTRONOMICAL, Tho Solar Eclipse of 1SGS=+Total Darkness je Todia—i’reiesser Luo Warned of a Good Point of Cdservati {From Galignani’s Messenger, Fob. 15.) Our rewiers are awere that astronomers are looking forward with great interest :o the sviar eclipse which piace on the 18h ef August next, and will be On this subject -M. Le Verrier inst week wication to tue Academy oc Scencos, ine learned body tiat theline of the central eclipse passes turough Aden, then enters India by Kola- poor, @ little above Goa, crosses the whole continent from west to east, and quits it near Masulipatam, It then traverses the Gulf ot Bergal, passes north of the Andaman Islands, crosses the north rn part of the Peninsula of Malacca, the Gulf of Siam, the pount of Camboja, the orth of Borneo and the Celebes, and jastly, ris the sowih of New Guinea, The darkness will ery long, Aud last more than eix minutes and a haif, varying by & {ow seconds according to the locall« tea This long duration is owing to the clroumstance that while the moon will be in its perigee, and, there- fore, has a large apparent diameter, the sun will be in its apogee, and wil! therefore have a very mall apparent diameter. Aden is not @ comvenient station, the sun being too near the horizon; but British astronomers have the choice of excolient’ stations, and are already Le Verrier then remarked making preparations M. u as regards France, the point of boa, which lies within the Frene rritory of 8. to be selected ior the observation of t Station for the purpose ougnt to be prepared forthwith And its lativade and longitude determined, the olements deduced [rom the eclipse itself being useful to correct the longitude in quesiion and to determine the diame~ ter of the sun anew; that pectrum analysis of the ‘gun’s light, when reduced to a more luminous curve, Just bet fore ine totality of the eclipse, will be of the utmost importance; the same being (he case with the reappear ance of ‘arays after the totality; and that the otuborances ouKht to be particularly waioned, in order Po ascertain wiether they really beiong to tuo sun's disk. {, Lo Verrier adds, owing to the south= weniern monsoon, the state of the sky the ob- serve giish astronomers will on tat account avoid th it of Ludia, and select tuoir a ee of the mountain rang: Verrier thinks that care should be taken (0 as-ert: it Camboja is likely Ww present same imoouve- LONG ISLAND INTELLIGENCE. Annest oF AN ALiBoxD Monvexsr,—On Thursday night two men called at the Astoria Jail, and represent~ ing themselves to be im destitute ctroumstanees, a Hi together, whieh request Fecper granted, otore, twerr departure oa Friday ing, Justice Purcell arrived at the Jail, and became immediately impressed with the idea that one of them answered (o the descr ption of William Coughlin, Giloged to have murdered O’Brien at Rosivn, ou the of August Thereupon he directed th jatier to retail him uotil furtver orders. He yet in castody. The friends of tho murdered man bi bean ont for, and are hourly expected, #0 as to ideatify the prisoner, asd if be be not Cougulin be will be released.