The New York Herald Newspaper, July 7, 1867, Page 4

4 TRUL OF JOHN I. SURRATT. Close of the Evidence for the Prosecution. THE CASE OPENED FOR THB DEFENCE. The Prisoner and His Mother De- clared Innecent. The Defence to Produce the Signed Pledge of the Couspirators to Murder Mr. Lincoln. Wasuinaton, July 6, 1867. The trial of John H. Surratt was resumed in the Criminal Coart this morning, Judge Fisher presiding. Mr. Carrington said all xervion had besn made to secure the attendance of Mr. Duell to prove the cipher letter, but he could not be found, and they were willing to close the case if couasel for the defence would agree that Duell should be called at some future time. Mr. Bradley said they could not agree to that. Mr. Pierrepont said he supposed this was a question within the discretion of the Court, e Judge Fisher said all the practice had been that the prosecution must close the case. He had mever heard of a rute of practice that allowed witnesses to be callea for the prosecution after the defence had commenced the examination of their witnesses, Mr. Carrincion said they would them close the case, but wituout prejudice to their right to submit a motion hereafter for ine admission of Dueil’s testimony. Mr. Bradley said, now that the prosecution had closed, he desired to know if Susan Aon Jack: Lee and Cleaver would be called for further cross A protracted discussion ensued as to th between counsel for the recall of the witnesses above nawed, the defence contending that the prosecution had agreed to reca'l them, and the prosecution denying that they baa go understood 1, The notes of the official reporter wore finally appealed to, and it was heid from the notes that there was no positive agreement, Mr. Carrington said he had agreed that Rhodes should de recaild, Mr. Pierrepont said that as there was some doubt as to the recall of Susan Ann Jackson, she could be recalled, but the prosecution would tuem put some additional questions to ber aiso. Mr, Bradley said the defence agreed to that. Mr, Bradley then said betore proceeding with his evi- dence he would move to strike out all evidence in rela- tion to Jacob Thompson, as be had not been connected with the case at issue. . Judge Fisher said it was not worth while to cut the cage to pieces now; let the defence goon and examine their witnesses, and all those points will come up for ument hereafter. ir. Bradley then submitted objections to other ques- tions of the testimony, and the Court ruled that tuis ‘was the proper time to move the objection Mr. Pierrepont said all evidence would be connected before the trial was over, and at the proper time. Judge Fisher said an application to put in additional testimooy could be made at any time beture the case was given to the jury The deienc» aecepted the ruling of the Court. Mred.H. Bradley, Jr., thea opened the case for the dofence, and said the time had at last arrived in this case when the prisoner could say something in :upport of bis own innocence, and wien not only bis innocence may be shown, but the pure fame of his departed mother muy be vindicated. The ditiicuity of at first summoning @ jury was adverted to, aud, after complimentary remarks to the jury, Mr. Bradley sad the attorneys for the de- fence came to the trial of case in full confidence of nocence of the pris: They had cowe to this clusion, not from sympathy after a full and nces surrounding case, Ali tbat the prisoner asked was a full and fair od be trusted the verdict of the jury would set at the misunderstood ¢ rcumstances of tals case ued to be mnocent until proven ney opening romarke held lim up as a monsier of iniquuy. Mr. Bradley then traced the wove of hr. Wilson’s argument, and arcued that he had not proven what he, with an eloquent flourish, said he would prove, The accusation made aga ust the prisoner had not deen sustainod, and bo (ur. Bradiey) argued that all such arguments on the part of @ prosecuting officer were out of piace. He reminded the jury that ob 1.@ moral aspect the crime was no more heimous in the sight of the Judge of all mankind than the murder of tue most obscure citizen. He depicted the horror of feeling that attended the assassination of President Lincoln, and he then referred to tue fact of a conspiracy to murder, and that the prosecution en. doavored to show that Surratt was the head and front of the coaspiracy. There was no doub: but that Booth was fn the conspiracy ; thi was no doubt that Payne was one of the conspirators; but there was a doubt as to the guilt of Harold and Atzerodt. As to Mrs. Surratt it would be shown that at least a grave error had been committed in that case; and they would prove the entire innocence of the prisoner, The conspiracy had not been traced back to 1863, as was promised would be; Booth was the head and front of the conspiracy, aud it was in evidence that the pr r or made bis acquaniance Batil 1865, Tbe circomsiances of introduction of Sur. t to Bouth were rr reed; the character of the two 4 it "was argued that Booth was Just the man to corrupt one like surratt, To prove the intimsey of Surratt and Booth, Weictman aud Joun M, Lloyd were the two wituesses most depended upon by the prosecution, The deience would contradict Mr, Lioga in many important partcaiars, Who was Jonn M Lioyat A man who Was @ self-prociaimed, iow, greveling drankard, Who was so drunk ov April 14, taat he did not know whether he sell duwa betere Nira Sar- ratt or nol. Mr. Bradley then detailed some o! Lioyd’s tetimony, aud said Mra Oftat would be pat upon the sisnd, aud would coniradict bis sialement irom a sober stand,oint, She will show who was present on Aj til 14, sud all that was said and done, and she will show what transpired as Mrs. Sarraut crove awey. It will be shown miso that Lioyd on the mormug afier the assassination donied ait that ho had testifled to on the stand, and called God to witners the truth of his dental, ‘Tho next witiess was Lowis J. We chman, a clerk in the War Department, and quondam s.ident of divinity—a man who was troated as # soa by (his murdered Woman— & mun whose dastard heart made bim quake for the pos.tion in wuicn he was placed, and-ue oecaine the pripeipal witness upon that oher trial, This man Weicuman vestitied that be drove Mrs. Surratt to the couatry, and that on the way they went to Lioyd’s, and that Lioyd and Mrs Surratt wuispered to each ocher; bat tnis is falsified by the testimony of Lloyd bimse: It will be proved that it was not one of the conspirators who called at Mrs, Surratt’s on the night of April 1d It Will be proved also that stra. Surratt did got answer the door on that night; Saat she never sad the murder of Mr. Lincoln was & punishment upon this people for their pride and licontiousness ; that the conversation de- tailed by Weichman as baving taken place at the break- fast table on April 16 bad no place except in the brain of the wiimoss, What transpired at the station boase will be shown, and it will be proved that Weichman was at ail times under arrest. Tho statements and confessions of this witness will also be suown, and it will be proved that he was jotimate with the conspirators. It will be shown also that the information biained by virtue of bis office at the War Department, which could be of benets to the rebels was communicated to blockade rua- ners. The man’s character will be fully shown. These 0 witnesses, Lioyd and Weichman, are the principal enes to prove the Conspiracy, and thea they attempt to rove that was here on tbat night. it is mecessary to prove his presence here, or ‘ail charges of guilt fall to the ground. The first witness to prove this is Sergeant Joseph M. Dye, the dreamer. Now, assuming that Dye did see these men whom he described, we will show to the jury who the mea be described were. We will wee the man who looked into the carriage and the min who called the time “ten minutes past wa’ im an audible tone of voice fe will the record of Dye’s indictment as a coun- il show Sar they produce? David C. gambler for twenty years, I allowed we will contradict bim out of bis own mouth, and we will prove bis indictment for a criminal offence, and will prove him unworthy of belief. As to Cooper's testimony it is 80 indistinet that it is unneces- sary te attempt to contradict him. Another is Jova Lee, and bim we wiil contradict by showing thas he stated that he sever saw and never knew John Surratt om the day before testifying, and it will be shown that he mevor saw Jobo Surratt; it will be shown that be i mot entitied to any credit upon bis oath, Another witness is William E Cleaver— just fresh from ia See to bail since the jury was sworn, but Oe y committed for the crime of mur- hla was: chet eing manipulated. by Hat moet in is ver mani y 4 ous of all cominais’-Gantera Conover, alias Dunbham— comes here and swears he saw Surratt here on April 14 ‘A worthy successor te Cleaver on the witness siand was Renjatnin W. Vanderpool, who says be isa member of the New York bar, It will be ' that this witness as- John surratt; that he was sum- come voluntarily; that he was Mr, Chauncey Shaffer, in York, + wae allowed to keep his desk there; that he d@ not bave seen an afternoon performance at opolitan Hall because there were no afternoon per- 4 it will be shown that he was ut- jnfamo: it will be shown that Mr Shaffer tuplicare is to the prosecution and the aod that this ¢ setting forth Vanderpool’s infamy, jedge was not given tothe jury. As to the teas + of Wood, the barber, it will be shown that he is skem, Mr. Dradley reviewed at length tho testi. of other witnctses Drought forward to prove vod said he would ng a false 2 Ee H : ft Te i id tr frre fe : ‘ : £ NEW and 15, and will show that he was not within four hun- dred miles of Washington. It will be sown that he went toacertain town and registered bis namo John ison, and that he remained thero to a'tend to & mission he was eptrusted with, and was there oa Apri! 14, It will be shown that the register of that hotel has mysteriously disappeared. He will be foltowed back to Montreal, where b ved April 18, Facts and cir cumstances will be sho to conclusively demonstrate that Surratt could not have got to the places named for the purpose of covering up his tracks. It will be shown that while Surratt was in Mo treal, after the assassi 1b allowed to read a newspaper in his and he was not aware of his mother's peri! until t nt of her execution, aud be then wantea to hasten to Washington .o give himself up, but was not permitted todo #o, It will be shown that be first hi ‘tion in Albany, |. He did not floe ¢ knew that justice dropped her ered that buildiug at the foot of 43, , e handkerciief of which so much has been said, it will bo shown that it was not dropped by Surratt, but by an officer of the government who was in pursuit and who carried the handkerchief with bim for a vay ops It will be shown that the government knew that the officer dropped the hand: jef, but did not choose to divulge it. The defence would also show the agreement beiween the conspirators, signed by them, and up.a which neither the nave of Mrs. Surratt or of John Surratt appears. This ment will be pro- duced as it came direct from the chief conspirator, con- tains the genuine si ures in which they pledze ther selves to commit this act of assassination. aud upon tl neither the mame of Joba Surratt or of Mrs. Surratt ap peers and after these things are shown, the jury cannot asked to eay that the prisoner is guilty of the charge er" the of Mr. Bradley’ the court at s ‘“ ae | twelve took p recess, Sail toncelotank Monday ing. ca omy Nae angen in the court-reom to-day were Seuator Chander, Speaker Voife tatives Rows, Perham, Washburne, of ana, Van . of New York, Eckley, Orth, Hubbard, of West Virginia, Wilson, of Pennsylvania, Mercur, Cullom, Dawes, Koonw, Wash- burn, of Massachusetts, Cor: Cobb, others, THE AMERICAN GRANTS IN BRAZIL. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALB. Condition of Americ: Emigrants—Suflering of the Poor Classes of Northerners and Southerners—Many Without the Necessaries of Life—Disappointment in the Resources of try—Brutality of the J vem to Rio Jaweino, May 31, 1867. You have doubtless before this been apprised of the sufferings and privations being experionced by the emi- grants from the United States to this country; but asa brief telegram cannot suillcienly narrate the facts as they actually oxist, I send you a truthful account of the condition of our unfortunate coun'rymen who camo here in the hope of bettering their condition. The contract under which the emigrants come to the Brazils is this:—The Brazilian government furnishes them transportation for themselves and for all articles of household furniture, agricultural implements, &c,, board and lodgings upon arrival for twenty days (no more), transportation to any province in the Brazils where they may choose to settle, giving them five years in which to repay the obligation, the emigrant agreeing on his part to take Jand and cultivate the same, or, in case he chooses to follow any other occupation, he agrees to repay tha obligation in one year, giving s-curity for the fame. Emigration to the Brazils from the United States bas averaged three hundred per month, men, women and children, for the last six months, and of this number some few have prospects of eventually doing well here, while others are suffering for the necessaries of life, and are, in fact, perfectly destitute, Brazil is a good country to emigrate from, but a very poor country to immigrate to. Those who expect to do well in this country are parties who have means, mostly persons from the Southern States, who converted their plantations into money, Those who came from Now York and tho Nortvern States have no money, and are entirely de- pendent upon the generosity of the government, and consequently are compoiled to take such of the govern- ment lands as are assicned to them. Tae emigration scbeme wasa very poorly organized one Proper arrangements were not made for the recep- tion of emigrants; and those who are in the city, and those located in the provinces of St, Catherines, Rio Grande do sul, and other provinces south of Rio Janeiro, are actually suffering. Toe lands assigned to them are a wild wilderness, in some cases never traversed before by the foot of man. They have no implements with which to clear this Jand, no shelter for themselves and families, wothing to eat except the spontancous growth of tue country, aod no impioments with which to culti- vate such land aa they may clear; no seeds to plant, and. in case they do produce anything, have no means of transportation by which to market their productions ; and, above all thts, ikey have no money with which to procure the necessaries of life, the emigrants gene- raliy ars a class of people too lazy to work in their own couniry (and a man that cannot succeed in the United States Cal succeed nowhere, there being no country in the world offering advantages to equal it), and by their laziness had b-come reduced to poverty, have come to the Brazils thinking th live here without work, or at | mal deat of mouey by expending a little labor. Alas! they e awakened to the ead reality that they hi doverted their native country for a wilderness fit only for the negroes and repti'es belong- ing twit, Those wio lad trades—mechanics—came here pating plenty of employment at eight aud ten id), per day ; antic mil reis (tour and five dollars, Ameri but upon arriving here (ound it almost tain employment ¥ price, and in no case to exceed two or three mil reis per day, and then they have hed everything to contend with and have been actuaily driven from their employment by the native Brazilians and Portuguese amoug whom they were. The Brazil- jans aud Portuguese of the laboring class bave a great batred for Americans, and will not toierate them. I bave known a party of twenty Brazilians and Portuguese mecbauics, to attack a party of five Americans and bra- taily beat them with siedge hammers, iron bars, &c., the Americans beiyg obliged to run for their lives; and this brutality occufred simply because they were Ameri- cans. The iaboring class of Portuguese are a meau and treacherous people, There is a0 act too low or mean for ‘them to pertorm, There are a American and English business houses here, I will say for the gentloman conducting tuese houses that they have done all in their power to she sufferings of the unfortunate emigrants, repeatedly made up subscriptions and sent them back to the Siates; bat the number has become so great now that they are powerless to aid or them, I appeal to you, the all powerful voice of American peopie, to mall the attention of the authorities at Washington to the destitution of the unfortunate Americans here, and to recommend them to make some provision for their return to the United States, which they earnestly desire to do; and if they will sot do this let them, at least, stop further emigration. The emigration ageats misrepresent the country in every respect encourage emigration in every pos- sible manner, regsrdiess of the consequences, they being paid a perocntage on tue number of emigrants ovtained. The United Staves Consul bere toid me three months ago he intended to adircas @ and explicit communication to the Secretary of State at Washington. representing the situation of the em! and recommending that If be has done so, the while swinging around the circle, ve it nis atiention, or has con- DEPARTURE OF STEAMERS YESTERDAY. The following European and coastwise bound steam- assorted d i i B i ital it 2 4 YORK HERALD, SUNDAY. JULY 7, 1867.-TRIPLE SHEET. hope and prosperity, of wealth and ‘*home’’—that word dear to every humap and humane heart. 18 VOYAGE of steamers from Kurope to America now occupies only from ten to fifteen days as @ rule, and is, indeed, genor- ally completed in ten or eleven, there nave been so many rapid trips across the ocean recently of some of the British and German steam lines, failing vessels take from thirty y. sixty days in makiog the trip from land to land, ding to the season of the year. In December and January, a3 @ rule, the passages are vey long, om account of the contrary and baffling winds, not (o speak of rough weather, usually met with ‘during those moutns, Ia (he summer, either by railing vessel oF steamer, the voyage is very pleasant, and muca merriment aud pleasura gore on during the tim? the vessel is crossing the “big poud ‘The immigrants have various ways of amusement, If they are German, they generally have unlimited music, aud occasioually are aliowed the facility of a dance on deck, although bee are perforce deprived of their favorie lager ly rian, Eog- of the “Departure” and ‘Arrival of the Pilerim Fathers” to the institution, which now hang on iis Walls to show the interest sue took in the building. During the year 1866 there were 10,306 immi "rants admitted to the Hos. pital and Refuge, being 2,000 more than the year pre- Ceding. ~The net cost and support of the buildings on Ward's Island during the same period was $142,749, and the average cost per bead of the inmates under treat. ment in the Hospital or supported in the Refuge was $132 per head. The Commissioners have a large amount of groand under cultivation surrounding the Hospital and Refuge bulia: where vegeiablos and fruit are grown, thus saving expense. The grounds r n of the patients an! con- vaiescepta, It is presimed that the saving thus eflected is pearly to the amount of $12,000 per annum. Last yoor wat atrying year te those who had charge of the imm grant asylums on Ward's Island, on account of the cholera and typhoid fever; but the doctors managed to batile successfully with the disoase, and thus no very ex- cessive number of patients perished in their bands, Every oy shove, or three o'clock a ateamer starts from Castle OUR ARKS OF IMMIGRATION. Immigrant Ships and Steamers—Caatle Gar- den—Ward’s Isiand Hospital and Refuge— The Immigrant’s Voyage from His Native Li 01 in the Far West. From the celvbration of Independence Day to the con- sideration of the vast immigration there is to this coun- try there is po very wide step im the analogy; for it was only through the means of tho latter, in the Orat in- Stance, that the formor originated. The exploring voy- age of Columbus led to the after journeying of the eal- tant little Yayflower band of Pilgrim fathers to the vast American continent; tho colonization of the New World caused it to grow into power and increase those resources which subsequently enabled our forefathers to cast off the yoke of bondage imposed by the mother | jg) and Scotch immigrants do not take much to with sick and de lestiture emigrants on board to con- country that wished to tax unpaturaly its stalwart off- | music as the others; but they to get turough | vey them to Ward": the time with an occasional row, om ae 's Island, where they are comfortably indulge many amount of talk and yarn spinning aud comic vocaliza- tion, In bad weather sumetimes the immigrants get rusty and want to come oa deck when their presence would impede the working of the ship, and then the captain has to order the hatches to be batiened down, and they aro contend ey until she weather gos calm again. Oocasonaily, in tong voyages the Immigrants cannot be got out of their berths, when it is necessary for cloanliness and venuiatioa tha: they sould do 90, aud then they to be “amoced out," cared for until they get well and are ablo to join their friends, or until some ouber home shall have been pre- pared for them. Should the desti‘ute be unable to im- prove in heaith and get on, and express a wish to go back to their native land, thoy are sent home agaia free of any charge to themselves, fatty, it ts advisable in spring. Consequently, it was immigration from the Old World which led to our independence, and hence the connection between the Fourth of July celebration which bas so recently taken piace and the present article, Immigration considered im apy light, is beneficial both to the country irom which it originates and the govern- ment to which it is directed. It reeves the old conti- nent of Europe from the burden of a suporabandant In order to ventilate the subject conciusion to say a few words as Population, and it supplies new countries with the only | as the saying is, with ‘bot vincgar and iar; but wis only tis stated in official material out of which success is engendered—that is, peppecs very rarely ; for, a8 @ natural consequenoe, it ng Of imuigrante sailed from joes Dot exalt the Captain’s repucavion or tue sbip in from tn 1815 fabor, Tho idea of colonization ts by mo means new. | the eyes, or rathor the noses, of the immigraa.s, fn ai nny ins We read of it in the oldest Biblical authority ; and in the | As rale the immigrants seem to enjoy tuem- y and other Eur ‘countries, Classic writings of the ancients we eee it still perpetu- selves very fairly cbrougoout bey on and | Som of these have remained ia the Empire City; othors when it i# nearly completed tremea- have acted up to the refrain of Ruseell’s song, aad ated and sustained by exampleas itis in the presentday. | dous excitement among shee ee, Preparation tor In fact, tho promised land of the Israelites may besaid | landing tm the Now gees ali sorts To the West, to the West, to the land of the free, to have been typical of tho vast Amorican continent to | Of costumes brought on deck. Boxes unitmited are wa- Where mighty Missouri rolls down to the sea; packed and sepacked, bedding brought out to air, guas cieaved, viola stravg and flutes aod other musical 1n- struments covered, Sumetimes as the vessel approaches 6 passes perchanve some viher steamer outward bound, aad toca the immigraats all assembie deck and give out ringing cheers, waving acres of Laad- kerchiefs to those who aro just essaying the ocean thoy have nearly traversed. At Sandy Hook the pliot comes on board, The sieamer's engines go on revolving, and prosently the dstant coast of Awerica rises op the horizon; more work of the paddies or screw, and toe juterveniug wiles of water are rapidly pacsed over. All on board assemble again ¢o catch Lhe fret giumpse of the while remainder bea Gamer have proceeded, some to Canada Provinces; but the greater and remainder generally throughout the vast Territories of the United States, from Pennsylvania up to Massachureits, and from New York to Colorado. An ineres! tabular statement ‘of the last annual report of tl Immigration Commission explains more clearly than words where all our immigrants o to, In the year 1866 the avowed destination of those nded at Castle Garden were 32 to Arkansas, 96 to Ala- bama, 3 to Austraiia, 11 to British Columbia, 1 741 to Canada, 1,678 to California, 3,711 to ‘onnecticut, 7 to Central America, 11 to Cuba, 238 te De'aware, 890 to Dis- the oppressed and multiplied population of Kurope; and the Phoenician Carthage bat @ parallel of the Empire City of the New World, Of all tides of immigration mentioned in history, however, there is none go memo- rable or that has been eo continually sustained as that which set in steadily some fifty yoars ago, eay, from the East to the West, from the shores of Europe to those of America, This tide bas had its ebb and its flow, cer- tainly ; but it has long since become established like some fixed planetary system. From the year 1815, | Now World they are visiting, At last iaud is cieariy | trict of Columbia, 10 to Florida, 225 " or thereabouts, up to the t time there | seen, tue distaut slip of Long Islaud, which tist greow ao, “4,403 tows, 3,201 Indiana 1.636 pee 3 336 pba hes been a giant stream of ‘Immicration to | she eye of the ocean passengers, and thea Staten Leland, | agg, 550 Louisiana, 11,874 Maseachusetts, 1,818 Maryland, ye g i Tne Narrows are swiftiy passed through, and aitor a | 939 Maine, 4,185 Michigan, 3459 Minnesota, 4,918 Mis: this country of millions upon millions of the inhabitants of what wo may now well term the “Old World.” This immigration never slackens, but, on the contrary, io- creases from year to year in volume, and is of the utmost benefit to the United States, It supplies us with the labor of which we stand in need, it gives us the short spin up the glortous Bay of New York, the immi~ grant ship caste aucbor off Stoten Island, or lays to to await the iaspection of the health offivers of tuis ciLy, All healthy oa board, she is allowed to pass up tue Har- bor aud anchor olf the Baitery, or run 1uto her d.ck at Hoboken, shoud sbe be one of tue Geruvaa steamers, wheuc) tbe lauding of the immigrants and their traus- souri, 19 Mexicn, 65 Mississippi, 189 New Hampehire, 60 Nova Scotia, 97,607 New York, 7,877 New Jersey, 119 Nebraska, North Carolina 140, New Brunswick 60, Ore- gon 38, Rhode Island 2.392, Ohio 12.923, Pennsylvania 24,874, South Carolina 171, South America 27, Texas 124, Tennvaseo 566, Vermont 238, Virginia 1,005, West Indies 15, Wisconsin 9,160, Utah 3,082, Nevada 4, Colorado 80, rt Lo — raw material for future greatness, and also serves to | °° CASTLE GARDEN Fron eerie wana Gots ta wile beceee Cremeans populate our continually growing territory, which will, | takes place, This lakier #yot presente a busy scone | satistice that Ihe greater number of the immigrants who wueo some twolve or fifteen hundred immigraats arrive all at onc., as was the case a fow days back, tn New York. A more curious or motley scene could not indeed weil be imagined, iho immigrants are remuved in a tug- boat espoviaily appoiated for the purpose, which is a odating little steambuai withal, from their ship or steamer to the dock at Castle Gurdea, wuere they first se foot om the trra firma oi tue adoption. The Custom House officers first examine them to seo that they do not amuggie any guods tiabie to tariff duty, which, it must be confessed, they very often try to do, bus unsuccessfully, as the eyes of tue chers are keon, and ihey then pass into the hands { the immigration officer, who has to see to their f ture movements and wolfare, and particularly taeir present comfort. Uue is siruck by the rabid desire, so to speak, of all to land and bd adieu to what had recentiy beea their floaung homs. No regret is there 10 leave the good ship in whica they have just crossed the oceaa. ‘With their bags and boxes, the r spare Clothing aud lite ail of household wealth, they scoot across the gaug- way which separates them from the America oa which they are so anxious to sot fooi; and with the greaiest pleasure in lite shey tread the free soil of tho great free country of the world. It would be duflicult to ansaiyz> the diderent hopes and feelings with whicu the immigrant usually lands at Castle Gwrien. Pieasure, surprise, curiosity and relief are cleariy imprinted ov his features; but he takes good care to leave no article of the least possible vaiue bebing him oo board ship. You see them carrying away wita them, even the tiniest teapot aud empty bottle whicu may haveserved them on tho voyage, aud there is a general clearance of everything save tue wooden berths io the ship when they take their departure. It is a curious sight to watch them scrambling across the gapg- way, some mothers with chiidren slung, papoose-iike, across (heir backs, and Jaden down with bundies and packages in either hand. The men, with bags and boxes, with wnich they are loach to part, even to entrust them io the tender keeping of the officials in charge. Here ‘ou see some Greichien,*coming forth exultant to meet her expecting Hans; there a wife, who comes here to find her husband, who had satied before her to prepare a home against ber arrival, and again you see some de- crepit oid man, who you might think should have waited to die at home, come out bere to gather fresh breath and life and energy, or, porhaps, to lay his old bones amid the forest trees of the fur West. And there tuey form, in sboais of bustling, living and breathing humanity,and enter within the preciacits of Castle Garden. This buitding does not present & very magnil- cent appearance to the vigitor, either in exterior or anterior; but it was once thougut highly of. Here the wealth and Ddoauty of former genera- tions of Manhatanese used to assemble in days of yore to boar the strains of operatic music and take part ‘nm the merry dance, Castle Garden ts not beautiful in its surroundings, and {s certainly not what it was some years back; but stull it is now employed in « far more useful manner than it was ever designed for by its builders. Jt gives relief to scores of immi ts who come to our shores in distress, in sickness and in misery from the old country, aod helps them on their way, not only to the advantage of the immigrants themselves, but to the present and lutare Prosperity of the States and UF hea Castle Garden is ooccupied by the officers COMMISSIONERS OF DMIGRATION, who have been specially appointed to look after the welfare of our my 4 arrived citizens. The rules aod Teguiat.oas adopted for the goverament of tue piace aud the welfare of the immigrants bave besa highly useful and successful in their operativn during the twenty years that bave elapsed from the first foundation of the institution, amd are every year being improved and strengthened in gome new direction. On first arriving, the immigrants, before entering the Castle Garden buiid- ings, are inspected by the pzamining doctor attached to the office, who sees that none enter who are affected with any contagious disorder, and also takes down the names and native place of any widows and unprotected females with children, and their ive Bo that in caso arrived last year remained in New ‘ork, the next largest number went to Pennsylvania, and nearly ‘an equal number to Illinois, and then Ohio and Massa- chusetts cach absorbed a fair portion. It may be also mentioned that most of the German immigrants are agri- culturists, and immediately go up the count and generally out West, and itis the Irish and Scotch por- tion principally of mechanics and skilled laborers who remaio in the Empire City. No less than fifteen hun- dred imm grants got good places through the Commission duricg the past year, and these earned wages to the extent of $23,432, getting an average rate of wages of noarly two doliars aday. During the present year the immi ration mises very well, and large numbors of above, in fact, the average for the year. During past two months thousands of Germans have come into oar port from Hamburg and Bremen, and these, a3 a rule, have gone off to Dlineis and Pennsylvania and up into the country. From January up to the close of June—that is, for the first six montbs of the year—sbe total number of immigrants that arrived in New York was 128,690, The month of July opened well, too: for om the first nearly thirteen hundred immigrants were landed, and during the threo days of the week several hundred more were added. Such are a fow of the sall ints of the vast annual immigration there isto New York. Year after year the population of Europe is gradually over- flowing into the lap of America, giving us the willing haods to work and the earnest laborers who will, in Ume, populate our extensive Terriories from east to west, from Florida up to Russian America, and turn the present wilderness of the West into a smiling garden of fruitfulmess and plenty. in years to come, make America the Power par excel- lence of the world. Owing, as we do, therefore, our position in the scale of nations, our greatness, nay, our country itself, to immigration and its means and end, it surely is a subject which merits our consideration and reflection, At this period of the year it is fn tho vory floodtide of activity, and every day, nearly, some large vessel, freighted with human soula, comes into our ports, In the month of May more than thirty-six thousand immigrants landed in New York and were dis- tributed over our vast territory, while in June this number was even increased. During the entire summer this flow of workers to our busy hive will continue; consequently, the time which we occupy in tracing the course and passage of the immigrant from his departure from his “Vaterland’’ to bis arrival in his far Western home, may not be regarded as uselessly employed or wholly thrown away. Immigration is a vital necessity to our country, and should be encouraged and brought about by every means at our disposal. To begin our subject at the beginning in the most practical manner, a glance may be taken at the num- bers of IMMIGRANT SHIPS AND BTZAMERS which arrive annually in New York from different Ev- ‘Yopean ports. Of these in the present day, although the numbers of sailing vessels and steamers are very nearly equal (being 401 steamers and 349 ships in the year 1866), the steamers abtorb by far the larger portion of the trade, and in afew years doubtless will be entirely employed in the transmission of immigrants from Europe to America. From the year 1847, when the Immigration Commission of the State was first organized, no less a number than 3,682,574 immigrants were brought to Now York up to the close of the past year. The greatest an- nual flow of immigration was in 1864, when 319.223 souls began life afresh in their new country; in 1852 the num- ber was also proportionately high, being 300,992, and in the years 1851 and 1853 the numbers were 289,601 and 284,945, In these years the number of immigrants ar- riving was greater than during last year, when 233,413" souls were imported; but otherwise the year 1866 shows an increase over the general average rate of !mmugration to this country for the past twenty years. Of the whole number that arrived in America since the Immigration Commission has been in operation 1,485,100 souls were Irish, 1,317,009 Germans, 425,171 English, 36,890 Scotch, 63,300 French, 55,321 Swiss, 23,679 Dutch, and the remainder of various nationalities, extend- ing from the Spanish hidalgo to the Japanose damio, The Irish exodas is the chief feature in the immigration to this country; but of late the German ele- went has been even stronger, and will in time eclipse the Irish immigration. In former years much careless- ness and wilful neglect and bad treatment were habitual in immigrant ships; now, thanks to the governmental in- fluence that has been brought to bear upon shipowners, both by our own country and by foreign governments, the immigrant is much better cared for, and his passago across the Atlantic is now rendered more bearable than it was even some ten or twenty years back. Not very Jong since an immigrant ship was a perfect pest house of THE NATIONAL GUARD. Ninety-Sixth Regiment Infantry, N. G. By some oversight this regiment, which, although\one of the youngest. is one of the most numerous in First division, only received credit for 314, total strength. It should have read 467, there boing sixteen (instead of ten) commands of ten files front on parade, Major Albert Steinway was in command. Transfers in the State Militia. Some little controversy has lately taken place upon the subject that heads this article, and we propose to give our views of the matter, supported by a few facts and figures taken from official reports, which: we consider sufficient argument im favor of, and incontrovertible proof for, the position we have taken upon this vera- tious cause of disputation; for, perhaps, in military more than in other affairs is any action a cause of vera- tion that tends to disrupt existing harmony and cheer- ful concerted action in discipline and organization, All competent military authorities now agree that the maxi- mum standard, whether for a company, regiment, bri- gado or division is much more efficient than the maxi- mom. commands designated as ‘‘akeleton;’”’ end by tho maximum division the same number of men are not only more effective, powerful and cca- certed in action, but aro more easily handled and disciplined than a corresponding number of men arranged in the mioimum or ‘“skeleton’’ system. That is to say mm effect:—The command that has as few offi- cors as ible to thorouchly direct and order the orcanization is the most perfect; for with superfluous officers and @ command becomes more confused, inefficient and incapable of celerity and certainty of movement than a completely filied corps, In ‘‘skele- ton” commands there are more sources for conflict of clashings and a want of well directed internal parts than in maximum jow made that the manage- dirt, squalor, misery, uncleanliness, and of even worse pred frre barden a eo hon f fawn | aonuy. Fronsh aruy are out . back . 'y more com- Points; now'it is comparatively as clean and comfort- | 11,9 aed, too, are likewise looked after in the same other in existeuce. A regi- able as a first class passenger ship. The supervision that | manner; and this ordeal betag peated the immigrants are has about as many men as bas been brought to bear upon vessels employed in the —— in fe A tas tf where, road = ree a — Ean es soy | omens, reti ime! a res! ey an er examination. is gade acknow! ledged jim immigrant trade has resulted in the amelioration of most | The ‘name, nationality, age and destination of each Of any 14 the First division, and we donot think the asser- zs taken down, and those who have friends waiting ‘them are transferred to their care and go away at once of the evils of the old system; and clean, well fitted and tion will be denied that the drill of this body excels safe ships and steamers are now the order of the day, brigade = of = militi wretched “q , with them, having ther baggage (which is landed free of in place of the old ‘liners’ and rotten ves | 21) charge to them) seat on to the address they give by sels, tl! ted, ill manned and ill sailed, which were for- | an express wanepars, reich is admitted to the building. merly thought ‘good enough for immigrants.”’ Too | Those who are wi friends and are anxious to go much praise cannot be given to the efforts, and success. | somewhere in New York are recommended to cheap and ful efforts, of the United states and forrign governments houses, have been in this direction; and the result bas been of bonds and advantage to our country in the improved and ‘Again, increasing class of healthy, energetic and well- | those wishi Procure their to-do immigrants who now pour te in thousands apon thus saved our shores, instead of those who came in former years while whom their long, miserable and, Aapgerous aod eted, so that unsafe voyage ren: broken tution and im. for it. immi- paired in emergy and health. Imunigration, as has been silver coin Said before, is 60 necessary to the United States that it | or notes rate of ex- should be encouraged in every particular; and it was and thus they & wise thing when our executive and the govern. | are is tem- meut of Great Britain took it in hand some twenty for those years ago. The mm it is neitber a dog, an outcast, also an Bor a convict, and be deserves the best of treatment and ister their @ncoaragement in the sew sphere he chalks out for them. Ail himself on abandoning the Old World tor the New. and THE FITTINGS AXD ACCOMMODATIONS charge Inm- the isunger, uit Mayor | tain maximam commands would be weaty | senior and junior, full and Congress bmp - transferred ry ¥ ‘it of generous Ps | Gone ees toes ‘Soe viee would become merely a iminietrator | desire and industry that no: tion Commission are in as a as | unfau {i working ot fe ayy ty- Fy Mf ail commands were filled very heavy, are in by man- | tion without Y -y ponent, Ci oer eae oom for the past year | that never we & surplus of revenue over expenses exceed. | been noted for iis poor disc! ing $24,000, notwithstanding that they hed several | mand, if their numbers were heavy to pay consequence of the | injudicious transfer, would ; $ ze plied for thesteerage suing veuwshees leant reat served i the greater quantities are mission is out in the forter, which the owners can weil afford, | the building for me the immigran' eailing the is expended 11 cording to tate another commendable feature is the employment ships, but as ® Ti» consists of a weekly allowance of | agency that has been siso openod. Besides Castle five pounds of breat three-eighths of a pound of butterf | Garden the Immigration Commission has another institu. two and one-eighth ences of coffee, five sixteenths of an | tion and property which calls for notice, This is Ward's to tl ounce of tea and CD. and seven-cighth ounces of | Isiaud, on which the the v treacle, and = daily ration of haifa IMMIGRANT’S RETRRAT AND HosPrrat, 962, gives 2,844, or nearly 700 more than the Third brig- pound of beef oF Pox, butidings for the use of the sick and destitute | ade would number without the Seventh regiment. and twice a week a padding. ts, are located, It is « pieasa the immigrants fare well oo 1y on a bot day, to Ward's erent to oat—in fact, very ofte Nes picturesquely between opposing accustomed to before; . The position, with the opening up 8 good sppetite ia the fh the advantage of a clear sea breeze, are healthy, and there is not ‘moat benefit to the patienta When the asbip bas received her of the “Immigrant State she is hy the port officer year 1964, and the building is ‘who #ign the passenger lists to not quite completed, ood in every respect to the law, the One insutations of {ts kind in the are ‘with her accommodation Nightingale, that celebrated lady, She then sete sail or steams out of harbor on her life #0 of chaniy to the diftant land to whieb the hundreds sbe sot’ are specialty the sfraagement looking forward es the Bl Dorado of their ‘of } Hospital, and presented tne Tho Ladies in Bismarcks and Brown tured and Made—The New Shades of ( Trimmings—Shawls—A F. THE FASHIONS. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALO. Dress-Paris cellany. when dressed al! in brown and Biemarcks. “ Faw! fourble Wedding '—A dceneral Mise Panis, June 20, 1867, Your fashions correspondent has long been honestly endeavoring to fod a worthy simile for womankind I think i suitable to say they remjnd the contemplative of flurried Ppartridges trotting about in stubble, nodding their heads at every step and fluttering straight to their rendezvous at the Exposition, with that unmistakable inminct of high-flown birds which leads them to the very spot it is most agreeable to rest on. Thoir little cries of surprise and admiration when they pass by the satins, velveta, diamonds and laces, which all attract attontion, are again like the co tribe honor us, ‘Words can but be poor renderings of some of the good things seen by an intelligent observer at that section of the Champ de Mars reserved for woman's attire, Here it is that the haughtiest peeress and the most fascinating comtesse like to assemble, Some, openty and frankly af- mire how ailk and thread can be transformed into velvet ‘and In00, tiew Indian pebbles béoome sappliires and ru- pies, how yards of gause can took lke curling waves of foam; but oh! satirists, keep distant; for fow of the fair sex, whether they come from Moscow, Lisbon, Bee- Min or London, can hide the anxious wish, the rising sigh, the deep look 80 expressive of the tortare inflicted by that aspic which lurks in Indies’ bosoms and called by analysts ‘*dosire.”” nications with which the foatnery Mophistopheles, in Goupod’s Faust, is the imperaomation of the covetous feelings created in woman by the sight of what is unattainable in toilet. lips while contemplating all Others can arrest tho curve upon their the forbidden magoi- ficence displayed; but these stand as if petrified before the mute glass stands, It is my duty to describe bore weekly all the changes which fashion imposes, and I may not moralize; but ifthe columns of the New Yors Heraxp are ever ahoad of every other paper, latitude is ever allowed for a serious thought and calm remon- strance. I will, therefore, tell all your readers that the exquisite treasures exhibited have turned many a wo- man’s brain. It is no longer the passive ‘‘to be, or not to be,” it is the ‘to have, or not to have,” Husbands thore are who say ‘‘no wonder it should be 80," and who pload for their wives’ weakness, arguing that the soft pearls of the East, magnificent diamonds, chiselled jewelry, rich tissues, marvellous embroidery, all the cashmeres, veils, necklaces, cloaks and drapery aro too costly not to be tempting. Bat if this is grantog, thetr sisters and daughters should all marry millionaires, and the equilibriam of Burope would be a less consideration than that of each indi id sorious ividual home budget. What if the robes shown are covered with all the tints of the butterfly and gorgeous can we not simply admire in created thin, a] fection of manufacturing progress of industry and the perf« pare This query will jead me on to so many n wz lest I should forget to moralize, tively tat simply give as seen in the dest circles, Muslins have suddenly made their appearance, but they are quite on the second plane, as Chamberys take the lead, Chamberys may, if they like, but fine mcsling evor will be lovely, cool and comfortable, These costly. Chamberys cannot be worn on every occasion, whereas in the heat of summer an airy organdie or printed mus- lin graces a breakfast walks. beauty of the richest them the im & fecturer, 1 witl the state of clothing table ag weil as well as the public It bas been a serious —aitair to make them look well, gored, and cut empire style. have a wide bem called ‘‘falso’’ added on to the bottom circumference, flounces are also very pretty; thi The best plan is to and croas-cut folds to surmount it; small sash behind of the same material, whether frilied or edged with lace, ts quite sofficient sine: A kind of Marie Antoinette fichu is sometimes made instead of the loose jacket, for walling costume. All our new shades are now out; they are cither very &, and bright or what I should ca!l tender, in the former case, shape and the modest nun in subdued keeping. if colors could true a lady now is both one and the other on the same day, and (looks very charming under tissues on which delicate exotics, bright birds, masses of foli brocaded oP 4 worked, or under the groups are faultless ‘ting dove Unted silks and I must notice, much against artistically my heavily covered with the out and outers among robes look as if made by upholsterera, not needie women, and will, that dresses are and that some of had been our fes- toons are made to fall down heavily ander jet and bead work, crochet, gimp and large pieces of shiny black t, The fringes are very cumber. but few ladies can mind wearing and deep flounced pointe, At a wedaing which took place at the Madvleine thie week all the lace worn was Marie Antoinette cay were made of Mechlin or he samo way and their fashion All are worn; every one dress Particular taste; ail depends on drawing-room fant beaut quite deep i aud Sevi all. ng try in Wales wear their coal scuttle sun has ever been a 6 It is getti fashion letter, ing a kind of cone or it {a called pretty wo are for the purposé, al Fronde, th worn—Indian musiios Irish popling, Swiss work, Mechlin Grecian vests and burnouses, Zouave toreadors, swan’s down plumage, scarfs, granite, rock—we put it all on; fy Regence and ys, with liged io ‘Touing ends bebing, One of the pret to believe it, bal hate called a a them; but in my heart and writers really have bearts and consciences) I do thinka ‘more appropriate term could be found, lies have to be gone ——_ he Directoire, E Asiatic tissues, a —, lace, Jackots and Spanish White foulard Garibaidis are worn with printed mue- sin skirts; white foulard jackets are for walkit costumes. The prettiest Bismarck eb balls for ornaments. Sprigs of gilt are much worn on black and brown hats, are coming alarming extent, On the 8th of last month the United States Consul at Kingston, Jamaica, notified the Collector of Customs at this port that yellow fever was prevailing cary: i BE i i Deputy Marshals i a ee : g i i f i Pd oe i i it aE ip ann rill ia ake’ | i i I ii i - H & Newoomb, Poor and Galliard appeared before Jadge Armetrong, st the Queens County Court Houso, Jamaica, L. 1., and entered inte bonds for their severally and individually, to answer an ia- dictment found against them by the Graad Jury of said z F Hi ee { = 3 e lity the he was favorably little - hie at to secure of the Court ont the Murray thea entered into court dificult; ‘a peap val in Murrey's ows cone Hg A 5 & i a