The New York Herald Newspaper, June 11, 1867, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 1867.-TRIPLE SHEET. THE SOUTH. Reports of the Special Correspond- ents of the Herald. Political Meeting of Working- men in Virginia. Condition of Politics in South Carolina. The Southern Whites to RiseAgainst the Government in the Bvent of a Foreign War. The Unreconsiructed of North Carolina Diseon- tented with General Sickles’ Orders. . ke. ae. Ree VIRGINIA. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. fE. A. Pollard—He Claims the Rendi. tion of His Confiscated Property from His Father-in-Law—Interesting Legal Proceed- ings, &c. Cc Ricauoxp, Va., June 6, 1867. ‘A very remarkable case has just been presented before the Hustings court of this county, in which two gentle- men well known to this community are somewhat deeply fovolved. It seems that Mr. Edward A. Pollard, author of “fhe Lost Cause,’’ and formeriy editor of the Rich- mond Examiner, deems himself the victim of misplaced confidence, and has instituted a suit to recover two lots of real estate in the city of Washington confiscated dur- ing the rebellion, and purchased by bis father in-law, Colonel William James, for a mere nominal sum, which, in tho opinion of E. A. Pollard, was offered in his own interest, ‘Yhe plaiutiff, Edward A. Pollerd, sets forth that in 1861 ho intermarried into the James family under the impression that the James family were ardent partisans of the Confederate cause. This William James, who is now Collector of Internal Revenue, he also allezos, offered to the government of Virginia, in '861, to bring into the State a ehipload of medicines, This offer was Geclined by Governor Letcher, whereupon James loft for his former home in St. John, New Brunswick, still asserting his sympathy for the South, At the time of the plaintiff's marriage Janes and his two sons were away—in New Brunswick, as ho was informed by irs, James. Impreased with their repeated deciarations of *smpatby for the South, he was influenced to confide to the Jamoses the fact of’ his possessing this property in Washington, Shortly after this, Mrs. James expressing a desire to go to Halifax, the plainti® exerted his in- fluence in her behalf and’ procured hers passport. In 1864 he was taken prisoner and confined in Fort Warren, where be learned for the first time that the Jameses were not in British America, but had taken part with the United States government, and were the: in the service of the said government. He also learned that Mr. James had obtained information through his family of the laintif's ownership of property in Washington, and, aving bunted it up, purchased it in his own name at a galo made under the Confiscation act created by the ‘United States authorities. The purchase was effected at tho merest nominal price—that of $27, when ite real valuo was from $2,500 to $5,000. The plaintiff not doubting that James, having confidoniially learned of his title to the property, had merely bought it as trustee, ‘wrote to him asking its restoravion, and offering him the most Liberal compensation for bis’ services, James re- plied that he bad bought the propery for a permanent investment, and would. not return it under any circum- stances, The plaintiff now Claims the restoration of the Property upon the ground that the knowledge of its pos- Bession was obtained in family confidence, and the pur- chaso of it by James as a permanent investment was fraudulent and dishonorable. Mr. Pollard, it will be re- ‘membered, was divorced from James’ daughter some Ume since, Popular Moeting in Petersburg of the Me- chanics—Speeches, Addresses, d&c.—Senti- meats of Ex-Vir, ja Senator—Sound Advice to the Colored Race—Change of Geveral Stonoman’s Headquarters—His Popularity, &c. iad Rubs ParenssvnG, Va, June6 1867, ‘This city is far in advance of her sister, Richmond, in progressiveness, Not only have tho people here mani- feasted a spirit of enterprise the most creditable in all their mercantile transactions, but, with a patriotic and laudable desire, they have lately formed a political Organization of the mechanics of both races under the amo of the ‘ Workingmen’s Union Association,’ the platform of which has previously been reported in the columns of the Hanana. The platform is thoroughly republican intone, and has been most favorably com- mented upon by most of the journais of that party, and those of the South known as conservative, A meeting of the association was held this evening at Mechanics’ Hall, which was largely attended by beth whites and negroes, among whom the utmost good feel- ing and cordiality seemed to prevail. Mr. Lectun, the president, called the meeting to order, and in a few ap- propriate remarks urged a thorough organization, com- plimented the association on its success, and announced some appoiniments made by a committee sinco the last mocting. Mr, Tappey was the next speaker. He endorsed the views of the prostdent, and moved to appoint acom- mittee in each ward of the city, which was seconded ‘end carried. He was a Northern man, but his interests had become identified with the South; he wished to seo the colored man unite with the whites in forward. ing the great work of reconstruction, which was now the grand object to be accomplished ere they could rogain anything like their former prosperity. ‘bo next speaker aunonnoed was George W. Bolling, late Sevator in the Virginia Legislature from this city, who, by invitation, addressed the present mesting. Mr. Folling commenced with a modest apology as to his ability to enlighten the audiewce upon a subject they understood much better than he did. He said that he took a deep interest in the object of the association, which was nothing tess than the reconstruction of the country, or rather its reorganizat nis association \ras not partisan in ite principles; restoration could only ‘Be acoomplisued by combined co-operation of the poo- ple, Ho endorsed the platform of the association as aenaible and practical and painotic. The prosperity of ‘tho State was the chief object, and to further this poli - ties should be banished. He claimed that no party had Drought about the peculiar circumstances by whieh they wero surrounded, There was no Siate, pariy or fact‘on that could claim to bp solely the friends of the colored race, Asa friend of that people he would caution them to beware of any clas inaking such assertions, He alluded tothe Proposition made to sustain the importation of slaves inethe interval of 1787 and 1800 from Africa to America, upon which th State voted nay, while Massa. chasstts voted aye, He totd the freedimen to judge people by their acts, The freedmen have enjoyed now more liberty than in any of the ‘free States,"* so called. They have the Civil Rights bill for their protection, and no one here was disposed to dispate their righis. " Was this go in the North? No, He could say by authority that industrious laborers from the South were not em- ployed tn the North for fear of the mobs. Tho result of Our present state of affairs ho attributed to the Allwise Boing, not to either the North or the South. He said there wore only five or six ot the Northern States that had given the colored people the right of suffrage out of twenty-six or twenty-seven. They had denied es enforced it here for political ends. colored man does North, \, as ot valued happiness and pros- perity, to sbake bands with the white people, and we itimately triumph. part of the platform ‘of the association that stated there was no conflict be- tween capital and jabor pleased bim infinitely, He said Virginia abounded in resources of all kinds, but they were lying undeveloped for want of capital. ir there ‘Was plenty, bat the political disorganization of the ‘cou rendered it inactive. Ho assured that Virgi jould yet take her place in the front rank of the States of this great nation as sl deserves, ‘The speaker then enumerated the great resources of ‘coal, ‘iron and other minerals in the 8t the water power, and her vast uncultivated and now desolate lands, He only desired a good Bovernment, and energy and enterprise would ac- Sandaen they desired. He spoke about that radical Se ovonatunea, bonne ed \t never would or could the language of Gree! “46 would certainly produ akragiey and rain.” The — potogized for the length of his speech, and con- cluded by correcting some statements previously made about 4 ichisement in relation to the order of Gon- th ta ‘a ; ‘&8 Woll as the houor of some further unimportant business the adjourned, much pleased with what they had Donen ween. General Stoneman, of cavairy fame, 1 command- ant of this military sub-district, and has, by a mild and judicious administration of his powers, gainod best ‘wishes of the people, who beartiiy co-operate with him in hit eforte toward reconstruction. Under the recent the 10th, visiting Gordonsville, Louisa Court House, Richmond and Fredericksburg. General Pierce takes the southeastera portion of the aie, and will begin at Portsmoush, speaking ot Sullialk thfield, Hampton, Klizabots City, Yorktown, Wil- amsbu: aries City, Burrey Court Hou Busses, Jorus + Court House, James City an other NORTH CAROLINA. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. dition and Prospects—The Chemical Works of the Late Confoderacy—Manufacturing Establish Cuan.orts, N. C., June 4, 1867. Since the departure of the Hon. Mr. Kelley the mixed population of this apparently thrifty inland town have subsided into their usual summer stagnation. The busi- ness just now of the railroad heace to South Carolina is mainly Northern corn, pork and bacon, bound for the destitute of that State; and the éhopkeopers have litle else to do than to sit at their store doors on tho lookout for the passing stranger, The effect of Mr, Kelley's speech, we infer, was the ripple on tho pond from a stone dropped into it, One man says it did good in disabusing the negroes of certain mischievous conceits; anothor maa says all such visitors are nuisances at this seasen of the year, in taking off tho negroes from their work of cultivating the growing crops of corn, cotton and tobac- co, ‘This man has the correct view of the subject, The blacks will leave the crops to suffer in stopping their work to hear astump speaker ;and ao, for the hot growing corn, cotton and tobacco months of June and July, it is to be hoped the planters will be disturbed as little as possible by these political stumpers, Northern or South- ern, radicals or conservatives, This place was something of @ military depot of the confederacy during the war, and it was something more. ‘We went this morning over tothe Rudlestoue gold mine, near the south endof the town. Tho bill, which has been worked in numerous saafts for forty years, has the appearance of an ugly rebel fortification torn all to pieces, Enormous grindstones for crushing the ore, broken wheels, troughs for washing the dust and massive timbers tie scattered about the abandoned diggings, But at the base of the hill isa machine shop, in which a steam engine is at work, and near by from an iron pipe a continuous stream of water is pouring. It comes froma new shaft in process of excavation down to the gold bearing vein of quartz, ‘Iwo men come up out of this hole ciad in ollcloth, They are waterprool, although they are very wet. ‘¢ Yes, sir, if you want to got a shower bath, go down there. It is only a hundred and forty feot; avothor hundred will fetch the gold. Will have it by October, and then will set up our works again for getting out the gold.” Turning to another party, who seemed to be roady and qualitied to give information of the enterprise, we asked him if the working of this mine had ever paid. ©On, yes, sir. Some of tuese ores have yielded as much as $60 the ton, I have been among the mines of Colorado, and this is ag good as any {saw there. From their splendid machinery they can make money at $12 or $15 ton; but here, from our rude and poor ma- chinery, that hardly pays expenses, ‘Tos is very much like the sulphur quariz lodes of Colorado. With the same macuinery these Carolina, Goorgia and Virginia gold minea, ali outcroppings of the same geological for- mation, would pay splendidly.” “But what is that carious building there, with its zinc gasometers, its retorts, furnaces, cautdrons and vats, with their dross of copperas and other drugs? And what are those rowsof huge boxes, hike pyramids bottom upwards, filled with charcoal and bones and ashes and overgrown with those weeds in blossom? What funny flower pots they are! What are ail those things ?”” “Those, sir, are the chemical works of the late s0- called Confederate States. When the war caine on tho working of this gold mine was abandoned, and aftor awhile, when the Confederate government was pinched for chemicuis, they up those works, and they got the stuff out of those shafts, from which they extracted sulphur, suiphate of copper, saitpetre, &c., aud trom those asb boxes thoy ran the lye from which they made their pot and peari ashes. They made a variety of acids and Salpbutes for the medical department of the army, and they were the genuine articles. All that sort of thing paid wel: under @ close blockade; but it would pot begin to pay now. And so those works remain just a8 Joe Jobnston’s surrender left them, except the things carried off.” Not far off, neat and clean, high and breezy, are the barracks of’ tho squad of seventy-five United states troopa holding this military post. ‘Sergeant, you have au easy time here, I guoss,”’ ‘Not so casy as you might suppose. What with the arrests and trials of horse thieves and other rogues and bad characters, whites and blacks, turned over to us from the civil authorities, we are kept from grins rusty. The war has ugly dregs behind it, and they give usa reasonable amount mploy ment, and honest people ought As Fad thankful. u 80 foo, sergeant.” Hard as the times are they keep a considerable woollen mill bere and some. manufacturing estabhsh- ‘ments in active operation. The surrounding country for a large section, elevated and wholesome, a region resting ag primitive rocks, and abounding in forests of oaks, is one of the most desirable in the South for Northern settlers; for in addition tothe ad- vantages named the lands are cheap and good, the water is delicious, and good markets are conveniontly near. General Sickles’ Order No. 32 and the Se tion in the Second Military District—T! Whiskey Kestrictions and the Negre Social di Al dency—Whites lNaa—Ne Reliance on Free Black Labor— Reconstractton—The State in the Hands of the Kadicale—Good Farme in a Healthy Re- gion Cheap for Cash, &c. Guaenspono, N, C., June 5, 1867. Since Joe Johnston’s surrender this place has had no sensation to compare with that produced by General Sickles’ ‘General Orders, No. 32." Andy Johnson’s presence at Raleigh isa secondary affair in the face of No. 52; and all through the Second Military district, from the Savannah river to the Roanoke, the excitement over this last edict of “our military dictator’ is the samo. The opinions of the whites may be gathered from such passing commentaries as these:—'‘If you go to a grocery or grogshop now you must take a gallon or you don’t get your dram.” “Drinks are limited to inn- keopers. We shall havea large increase of taverns in the two Carolinas under this order, and the price of eat- ing will have to come down. Good thing.” “The re- tail liquor dealers, John, don’t think so. They are swearing furiously, and are ready for another war.” “No trust. All sales on credit or contracts for liquor. or the transportation or safekeeping thereof, null and void. Dan, Sickles is determined it shat! be a cash busi- noas all round, It is the sovereign will of his royal highness. Subjagated rebels, hear and obey."’ “Damned pretty state of things we are coming to, The next thing will be your trial, my friend, before a military commission, for taking a drink without an order from some loyal doctor.’* But these orders No, 32, in reference to the eqnality of all colors and races, in poblic conveyances, railway cars, steamboats, &c., are even more obnoxious to the unre- constructed whites than these new liquor restrictions, as such observations as these among them will show:— “Sickles has gone over, hook and line, to the radicals,” “Yea, he is cutti nis cards for the Vice Presidency with Stanton.’’ “Stanton and Sickles, gentlemen. Pre- pare your ballots,” ‘Wonder if Sickles thinks he can establish negro social equality down here by a military order from his High Mightin the Commander of the Second Military district?” © « sir; for I tell you if the niggers he is fooling with go to putting on any airs of social equality here, by authority of General Sickles, they wilt get their d——d woolly heads broke, Buti tell you, he's only soft-soaping the radicais,”’ “But, Major, why don’t some of our Re this matter be. fore the President?” ‘‘Lay it before him! Why, Sickles is with him now, and has issued this order right in his Mr. So-nnd-so says he did sound the ident about it at Raleigh last night, but ail the answer Johnaot gave was that his hands were tied. He could do nothin; to check these military gentlemen without making more trouble for himself and for us I teil you, thoy have got him Hci ag See how tender-footed he was io his hat Raleigh. That Chicago trip has wilted him. these threats of confiscation are to us, the Impeachment Committee is to him. He looks strong, but his spit r While the jasue of the reconstraction movements in Alabama, Georgia aud North Carolina this year will be apt toend in no definite result, North Carolina will probably make up @ case by next December or January satisfactory to the present radical Congress, the testimony of numerous witnesses we conclade that the whites opposed to the radicals will bo registered, with few exceptions, as far as entitied to registration—that in the several countics will run a convention or anti- radical ticket, but that they already give up the State to the radicals; that the blacks almost en maze are with the radical party, and that some of the poor whites, tickled like the blacks with the radical hints of contisca: ‘Mon, will go the same way; that the radicals have all the advantagos of electioneering inery, appliances and paid Ct ‘that they will elect the convention, reconstruct the State and s! the elections to Congress to suit themselves, Thus N Carolina may perhaps be admitted to @ voice in the next Presidential contest; bat, from present appearances, not another State south of Virginia will come {n till after that election, Yot in North Carolina thero ts, between the late slave. holders and the blacks, a much nearor aj mony than in ua or even in there is a more a tion among ‘than we find fu South the blacks in their schools, and to them more liberal terms in ing of example, we may cite tho agree- crops, an ment of John A, Gilmer, of this place of the largest siavebolders of the State), with a con- siderable body of his freedmen. Tn various squads he has assigned them tracta of land to cultivate; he fur- hishos tne stock, implements and dwellings, and did fur ni Se eee ee ear nea ° give crops |. But, as T lenrm, Suore in no prospect of their making both ends meet even on these favorable considerations. It further ap~ pears that the biacks are mysieriousiy disappearing from oe plantations where labor is in demand, while, ‘a jog os and vitiages there is everywilers Sou remarkable incroase of the colored population, and many idlers among them dancing attendance on the Freedmen’s Bureau. Thus the gocial proclivities of tho negro are leading hj:a to destruction, The mortality among the Southern blacks observing men assure me is steadily in- creasing, while the births among them are dimini taking the year 1860 for the basis, This may be attributed to the present “hard times’ South ; but also, in an important degree, to tho natural tendencies of the pegro race backward to Sele present condition mn Hayts and Jamaica, Ip this view the Southern labor ques- tion, together with the universal prostration and ae tainty of things in these military Gletriots, food farms th thie salubrious upland region of Nor‘h Carolina, with the dwellings and fences in many cases in good condition, may now be secured at $15, $10, and even a3 low as $5 an acre for cash, or part cash and g00d ties, may be said to ocoupy the line between the cotton and the tobacco country, the talk of planters to the southward being cotton, and those to the northward tobacco. But for cotton or tobacco, wheat, orn, potatoes and fruit, there is @ vast area of North Carolina admirably adapted to Northern settiows. 6OUTH CAROLINA. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. Some Facts and Specifications of the Terrible Destitution in South CareMna—The Freed- men’s Bureau—Tho Sandhillers ia All Their Wretchedness—A Few Examples Picked up at Ran 1» Be. Ee. Couumnra, 8, C., Juno 2, 1867. What was the Methodist Female Seminary is now the principal hotel of Columbia, With the approach of Sherman’s army from Georgia the school was dismissed and its members dispersed to their homes, With the burning of the city the building escaped and forty fami- lies left housoless found shelter tn it, some for weeks and some for months, It is anclegant structure, and with its double stairways, spacious halls and airy chambers, is as admirably adapted for its present uses as for the purposes designed. From its lofty central tower wo hi bird’s eye view of this beautiful city, still beau- tiful though mostly in ruins, and of the greon and charm- ing oountry for many miles around. Abounding in lines of splendid shade trees, oaks and elms, it is acity in a forest, and henee, only here and there, looking over it from the escaped district, cam the track of the fire be secn, in the shell of a church, a cluster of chimneys or a line of broken qall standing out in ghastly roliof. ‘The groon woods of the surrounding country still more completely veil from the eye the fearful destitution of the Carolina sandhills and those wretched sandhillers or crockers, famous only for their poverty, ignorance and soml-savage condition and habits of lifein the best of times. Over yonder is General Wade Hampton’s town house. His country house was not to be passed over by Sher- man’s men, and this would have shared the same fate, but the women from the Catholic convent, burned out, sought refuge in Hampton’s house, and their presence saved the place. itis a fine mansion, in the midst of an enclosure of eight acres, a perfect wildernces of luxuriant trees, shrubbery, vines aud flowers. We have been among the sandhills heretofore, and have seen those people at home, To-day we havo had some talk with several partios of them in town at the Freedmen’s Bureau and on the streets. We wero courteously received by the officers and men of the Bureau. They inform us that at this depot they distribute rations once in ten days to the destitute to the number of a thousand, whites and biacks, the blacks being largely in the ajority. Bach adult receives a bushel of meal or corn and ten pounds of pork, They com® to the Bureau headquarters for their tickets, bringing their vouchers along with them and when given a ticket the recipient goes over to the commissary depot and draws his or her supplies, Under the shade trees in front of the headquariers there were assembled this morning some three hundred destitute blacks, a considerable number of decrepit and worn out old men and women boing among thoin, Tatermixed in this crowd of blacks aud ragged gypsies were a few straggling whites, but they soon,disappeared when positively told that Mondays, ‘Tuesdays and Wednesdays were distribution days to the blacks, and ‘Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays to tho whites, A little old withered and sunken-eyed white woman. carrying a basket with only aa empty bag in it, asked us a3 we came away, “Can't I get nothing at all, sir? I've walked nine miles this morning on an empty stomach. Ihave nothing at home, I’ve been to the Rev. Mr. Martin’s, of the Southern Relief Bureau, and be ‘ick. He won’tdo nothing to-day. Can't see us ti aorrow, and I ain’t strong enough to walk them nine, miles over again to-day, without something to eat. “Well, tell us, my poor woman. where and how do you live?”? “Well, sir, I live in the back yard inasort of place I fixed up out of ashed. The man who has the house ‘was in the war and come out a cripple. He can’t do nothing, but his wife and the threo children scratch ‘along with what they draw here in town, They draw some every week, corn meal and rte = A are raising. ‘They give mea little work, but I ain't got go hoe aud mo money to buy one.”” “But won't some Teed neighbors lend you one ?”” “No, sir; they are all too poor over in them sandhilts for that. None of them ain’t got nothing hardly but the rations they draw, and at the Yankee bureau white folks has to come after the re pi Another case, A youth eighteen, white, riding a small horse, while at the same time the horse was pull- ing a rude and curious looking rag picker’s litle dog cart, in which a poor white woman of perhaps fifty was sitting on a bunch of fodder, “Good people, a word with you.” They stopped and conversation on their case, which may thus be summed S Tas Moruxz.—We stopped here at the Rev. Mr. Mar- tin’s to see if we couldn’t draw a litle corn. But he is sick, and they can’t give it out till to-morrow. Come in fourteen miles from them sandhilis for nothing. Lost a day, and we have to lose another ; and the crops wanting us all the time. My husband is old andsick. Have two girls at home, and this boy, and this little pony. Since the war we’ enter to split rails ard fence in seventy acres of gro! and with this pony for the ploughing, we got in this year forty acresof corn. It’scoming on finely. O, if we can only live till wemakethe crop! Thistittle pony and this good boy must do the main work; and ‘we stint ourselves sometimes, even in our little allow- ance of corn that we draw, to feed the poay. We are not 8o bad off as some of our neighbors, neither, There’s twelve or fifteen families four miles round us in the hills, and throe horses among them all. Well, some he rest have @ steer to do th You see, when Shérman’: hills they swept off every: We've got some aince, starving we sell a little butter and some eggs, to get such clothes ag we can’t do without, had four horses and a sulky to ride in when the Yankee army come through ; but they took off everything but this litue pony, Wile liam, you tell how you saved him. ‘Ts Sox.—Yes, sir; I took him down in the swamp and kopt him bid four days. I took feed to him and he did not snicker, but he kept right still, He was a little colt, then, and he has paid for himseif since, There ain’t a better little pony anywhere. don’t get much to eat, And you see he ain’t very poor, and he is a mighty good little fellow to work—ain’t you,’ Billy? Tur Morner.— You see, he named him Billy after himself, Creeters ain't so skaca, I reckon, up your Way. Why, sir, we used to be better off; but even now, poor As we are, we have to help with the pony for a day, now and then, the widow and iittle children of one son who is dead, and another sou who has a family and no horse or steer. ‘THe STRANGER.— And I suppose, madame, sous’ families draw their rations here from or the Southern Relief Commission. Tun Moraxr.—Yes, sir; every family that I know for ten miles ‘round, and every one that I've heard of for twenty miles ‘round, in them hilis over there, draw their rations. If they didn’t they would starve. You know they drafted most all the men in the Confederate army and so many of ‘em was killed or crippled. Many of the men were lazy, worthiess feliows, but then they could do something, ' 80, you see, all the people over in our section there have to draw their rations till they make their crop of corn; for they ain’t got nothing, This was a comparatively mild case; but the next & more decisive one of suffering and belplessness, A p: faced woman of about thirty was passing along with the usual basket with an empty bag in it. She had evidently been a handsome woman in her day, and her expression and bearing indicated a better training than is usually to be Hey the sand! ~ “ee ave you to go home, madame, without even a morsel of corn meal or bacon?” 5 “Yes, sir. The Rev. Mr. Martin, of the Relief Com. mission, is sick, and they aro just getting in the corn, and we can’t ~~) A Ull to-morrow, and at Bue roau they only giving out to-day to the colored peo- ot I don’t know what I shall do. My poor husband the imatism so bad he can only work a day or so oe fi while, and his sight is so bad he can’t see to shoot a bird ora squirrel. He used to do right well mending shoes; but he can't do that any more, and my two girls are not old enough todo mach of anything. Bat T left 'em hosing the potato patch. 1 can do nice ‘but nobody wants it now, Rich people do their th sed to give out their work, I toh ; I try to work it with a hoe, but me, One of the neighbors fleld for two days. That’sthe way we have to do. 1 have a married son living near by, with a wife and one obiid. He was shot in tbe war ali to pieces, you might your two the Bureau, a left me at diers hi Yi ole “And where 11 along the the cross pieces, aod my wo traded off the horse for he soon died, and 68 weeny wore, Th ‘ ic . Tt took everything we had to vonnbie mo im eto Patan toa tring, nm Bom, thoagh they let me go rt ‘The next pong was a onppled a. pymar ge ue PT gute he sroloton of & girl of twelve, who had come ta fqpe. miles, to FD we mother’s case, In various fications, betior worse, but all bad eno the of the stranger wnao- extont necessary to some entirely, but of te &. fe them to make uced in the State is ex- have anthing 2° ment for soe the great nited States in a Foreiga War— Pte Pn Ba Opinions— The Dark View of the Negre Question—Southern Im- Provoments—Cotten Factories, do. CoumuntA, 8. C., June 3, 1867. ‘We have had some inquiries to-day on the other side of the question, and the testimony thus elicted may be worth considering, First, a Union army offcer, from one of the lowiand districts, 1a answer to a remark that General tackles seemed to be giving universal eatisfac- tion among these Carolina people, put in this reply :— “Appearances are often deceptive. You are much mis- taken, sir, if you think that the ruling class here aro content with Genoral Sickles, or their situation in any shape, In bis stay laws, in his suspension of the whis- key distillories, and in many other things, General Sickles has been doing a food work here. The-people know it, and feel it; but they have little to say to North- ern men on political affairs, Among themselves thoy talk freely, and they are biding their time, They have ‘no love for the Union, the government, or the Yankee in any shape or form, They are resigned to their pres- ent necessities, That is all; but thay have a vague notion that something will turn up to the confusion of the Yankees by and by.” Next we group together the opinions of half a dozen of the unreconstructed Southern Confederacy men of South Carolina, Their testimony is that of a very im- portant and influential body of the Southern planters all the cotton States, Says one—“I have five hundred acres in cotton this year and two hundred and fifty in corn, Ido not expect to make a dollar, even with a good season, I have some fifty odd fredmen at work, Under our slave labor system I might expect a profit of fifteen or twenty thousand dollars from @ first rate crop. Now, giving my laborers their houses, firewood, garden patch, rations at rainous prices, and one-fourth the crop they make, and supplying horses, mules, imple- ments, &c., 1 shall make nothing, and will probably lose heavily. The great trouble is, these freedmen will only work whon it suits them. A political stamp orator comes along, or a religious meeting is announced in the middie of the week. Tbey confor together, they drop hoe and plough, and they aré off for a day or two when the crop most demands their attention, [ tell you, sir, Ido not see the end of this, We old planters must get other labor, or seli out and leave this country, for these free negroes will not do for tne raising of cotton, rice or corn. They will not do the work required." ‘Another intelligent planter says:—‘This Freedmen’s Bureau, sit, should be called th jureau for the En- couragement of Idleness and Vice among the Free Blacks. They can make up a tale of distrees to suit the occasion. They have no clear conceptions of what truth is, and they are adopts in laziness and deception. They have, too, some notions of confiscation and free farms; and some of thein taik of ruling tho State. There are four hundred thousand of them in South Caro- Hina against three. hundred thousand whites, and they have been made aware of their power of numbers if com bined against us. Can you wonder, sir, that quictly, and without proclaiming it to the world, our white peo- plo who can go are going to Brazil m companies of one, two or three hundreds, notwithstanding the Emperor's decree of emancipation and the mixed condition of s0- ciety in Brazil? They go to escape from the humiliations of a conquered peuple under military despotism and negro suffrage,”” ‘And yet another of these unconverted Carolina plant- ers says:—‘‘We are just in the condition of a man who has received a staggering blow and who cannot realize the extent of his injury. We are stunned, and w still, We havo no fixed ideas, hopes or purposes for the future. We submit to our misfortunes because we are powerless; but, sir, let the government of the United States during the existing Southern generation, or within the next twenty yea ome involved ina forvign war, and by a sort of spontaneous combustion you will develop the now smothered but still smouldering public sentiment of the dominant white ciass of the South.” “But suppose the tide of Northern capital, emigration, enterprise and ideas is turned in this direcuion, what then?” “Why, then, sir, it will still take aterm of twenty years to eradicate our prevailing Southern ideas. Mean- time it is my fixed belief thata foreign war, even be- tween the United States and ene make these five Southern military districts allies of the Kuropean. Certainly, 1 the case of England or France I think this people would rise up once more for a separate govern- ment. For myself, in good faith, I submit to the Union and to the terms of conquest. I am only speaking of what I believe would be a caso of spontaneous combus- tion in the event of aforcign war during the existing Southern generation. Hencoorth, North and South, we areas much two peopies as those of England and Tre- land, Human nature and history both teach us this ” ar Line ‘One more. “Ihave not put in an acre of oditon this ear, use the negroes are no longer to be relied Upon. they ar9.0y today and Of o-snorrow. | Fhey will not work, and th . 1 a good orop of wheat, and that wi Me me to get out of this country. I foresee trouble here. Your Northern emissaries have drawn the line, and the fone rnc negroes are walking up and taking ‘There is to be another ‘irrepressible conflict.’ will be, from present indications, 80 early as ne on tenet collision between th ites and ks Pyrge teseary States, in which the biacks will disappear, I shail get my children out of the way, meantime, if I can sell out and raise the means."’ Here is matter tor reflection. Ex-Governor Perry in his proclamations does not stand alone, He has a large proportion of the ruiing white class of South Carolina ‘and all the South in its convictions standing behind him, They are hopeless of any good, and contemplate with fear the coming elections on the basis of universal ne- sul Said one of these prophets of evil to a jend on the street, as a grim joki ‘Weil, South Carolina is to have the protection of a sprinkling of ne- trooy Registration and the election for tho con- vention are approaching, and the negroes must be hon- ored, you know.” “Ob, yes,”’ replied the other, ‘the Secretary of War is, of course, looking after the negro vote. Well, wo hayo only to wait and see what is to come next.” A black agitator of confiscation and free farms is in limbo at the barracks here, Before bis arrest it is said he was making considerable sums of money in his preaching from his collections of stamps. His suspen- sion, at all ovents, gives general satisfaction, The growing crops of cotton and corn in South Caro- lina look well; the ripening wheat is flag throughout the State, quantity and quality. The gramblors, however, say they arc having too much rain, and tuat the ripen- ing is likely to su‘fer from rust and the cotton in danger of being drowned out in some cases. The lowlands aro certainly thoroughly saturated with water, and the rivers, generally dark snd sluggish, ‘are now swollen, rapid and red from the washings of the hilla As for the rice crop this year, the planters up in this region say the prospect is poor, The crop em upoi the blacks; and ns they wil! not work in the water and ditches of the rice fields if they ean get along without it, and as the mala- ria of the rice districts Is fatal to white laborers, South Carolina will not produce a surplus of rico, if enough tor home consumption this it is expected, however, that there wili be a very profitable crop of the favorite sea island cotton, both in South Carolina and Georgia, There are some improvements going on in Columbia, Twenty large new stores, in a single block, are nearly finished; but still the gap of tho fire remains, only broken by a new house here and there. The saiuda cot~ ton factory, di ed in the war, is in working order again, The fine mills of Granitevilie are working. Two extensive factories at Augusta are rolling ,ut cheap mus- lins by wholesate, and two immense co‘con factories. rapidly going up at Columbus, Ga, ir the heart of the cotton region, Within ten years the cotton States will ship the ‘bulk of their cotton in manufactured goods, thus securing to themselves the its of the manuface turer as well ag the profite of the With good crops this year the work of building Southern cotton factories will be commenced next year on a large acale in all the States from Virginia wo Texas, SOUTHERN MATTERS—SOCIAL AND POLITICAL. During the registration of voters in this week, says a Concordia (La) fy wae Te sho awa then sols tuto slavery fa tht try presented bimeelf and was duly made a citizen by - powers”’ granting bim naturalization other negra porn, free in a on Put of and directed to ¢itizen’s papers thro: courte, A German eeivea the same inetructionse position. Giving ® usual “Ugh!” he the war fust cum white man, den injin, nigger ar cum pigger, den dog, den mite moan iat Dave James M. Sworde of tho Vick: THE NATIONAL BANKS IN THE WEST. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE WERALD. Their Enormous Profits and = Increased Pewer—Reckicss Misappropriation o: OLctr Fands—Expesures of Their Operations ia the West—Waning Confidence in Their Stability. Carcago, DL, June 8, 1867. ‘The failure of the New Orleans banks and the ro- Ported trrogularities in other institutions have excited considerable concern in the West, and directed the at- tention of the public—especially business circles—to the national system of bauking that has of late be- come 80 popular. . For the purpose of exhibiting the condition of these corporations the following comparative statement has been published, and this stupendous prosperity urged as an argument in favor of the wisdom of Congress in inaugurating the system :— sea sereeeee ee 14,073,685 From these figures a bird’s eye view of the financial condition of these corporations can be obtained; but the public have no guarantee that these returns have not beon akiifully mystified in some cases for the purpose of covering up the operations of private individuals con- trolling certain banks. Much of this prosperity is no doubt owing to the transactions of the government dur- ing the war, ‘The loans and discounts of nearly six hun- dred millions and United States bonds of four hundred and twenty-three millions are the great sources of profit to the banks, The capital of the banks reaches four hundred and nineteen millions, and if the yiela was only -six per cent net the dividends, it is estimated, would be fifteen per cent. The dividends have in some instances been small, but they more frequently run from twenty- five por cent to sixty per cent. The following figures show the profits and surpluses at different periods:— January, $3,000,370 january, 1868. 3,000, October, 1866. 63,359,277 January. 1967... 59,967,222 ‘April, 1867... 60,193, 223 There has been a ateady increase until January, 1867, in the principal items. in the last quarter there has beena falling off in some items, The capital was reduced about $11,000,000; cash items, $14,000,000; United States bonds, to secure circulation, $880,000,000, and indi- vidual deposits, $45,000,000. This last item would seem to indicate that the public begin to lose confidence in these institutions as safe depositories for their funds. Still much of this falling off is no doubt owing to the decline of the general business of the country. A writer in the Merchan/s’ Magazine justly calls atten- tion to the fact that the “bank reports’’ are not issued as frequently as required, while the subject of “bank re- sources’’ suggests a default in certain banks which may well excite concera, Ihave recently devoted much time and caro to the examination of the gencral mode of conducting business ig fhe national banks of Buflalo, Wisconsin, Michigan and Iilinole; and, while I find most of them to all out- ward appearances in a prosperous condition, I have dis- covered, to use a mild term, many “irregularitics,’”’ that justify me in arriving at the conclusion that as a system the national banks do not moet the expectations of the public, and are engines in the hands of unscrupulous financiers to profit at the ex- pense of the business public, and in such a condition as to creato warm and disquietude. When the act for the establishment and government of the national banks went into force the country was flooded with private corporations and private bankers, who saw in tbe new system fine opportunities to profit at the expense of the general government, and, through political influence, se- cure a large revenue from United States deposits and other sources, They rushed into the new system, and those whose offices could command the Treasury busi- ness have had a season of unprecedented profits. Those who could not secure this through political influence have not made large margins. Many of these banks were started by large speculators (who own a controlling interest) especially to facilitate them in their financial and commercial schemes. The consequence is that the stabikty of these banks depends entirely upon the success or re of the speculations of the controlling spirit of the corporations, In this city, in Milwaukee, Buffalo and Jgetroit, indeed everywhere, I find that the officers of these banks more or less systematically use the funds. of their respective institutions for stockjobbing and commercial ventures, In somo cases it hag (aug pired that stock gamblers are closely identified in inter- est with the banks, and obtain accommodation where- with to speculate upon questionable security and divide the profits of their operations with the bank officofs. ‘These cases, however, ara isolated ones, the rule being that thé oficors thomselves borrow the funds for their own benefit and reap ail the profits, But these are not the only complaints that may be urged. Under the law banks are Umited to the rate of interest legalized by the State in which they caffy om business. Here and elsewhere they very generally avoid the law and realize trom fifteen io twenty-five per cent by the ope randi deacribed below. While the statute protects the government from loss the mismanagement of these rations, there ig no adequate protection thrown around the depositor. Many persons who are ignorant of the law suppose that a3 the government are hold responsible for the redemption of tue notes of these banks, they also secure individual de- ite. A result of this common error is that the work- ing classes select these banks in which to deposit their savings, and when one of them goes under from mis- ment or other causes the sufferers alone are the small depositors. It is evident thata reform is much needed, and the amendment of the law by which the in- dividual depositors would be secured would give great satisfaction, Having said this much by way of preface, I shall now case to give you the results of my mvestigations so far, ‘rom the well known reputation of the parties from whom I derived my information I am convinced that I do not misrepresent the actual staie of affairs as they exist in the West:— A caro(al examination into the system of doing busi- ‘neas in Buffalo convinced me that the national and pri- vate banks are too {ntently anxious to got rich at the ex- pense of the commercial community, to accommodate their favorites to any great extent, unless they are pretty well secured by mortgage on ‘real and personal proerty. Neither does it appear that the officers of the nks bave used the funds at their disposal to any great extent for purposes of speculation, still they are open to the charge of “sharp practice” at the expense of the Western shippers, There are in that ¢ity three national banks, one with a rApital of $250,000, and two with a capital of $200,000, The last dividend of one was fifty per cent, another pat at thirteen per cent and the third distributed its earnings without deigning to inform the outside public what its dividend really was, This is im addition to large amounts added to the surplus Persons fainiliar working of the bani affirm that the dividends banks were above fifty per cent. This seems I describe the manger in which business is carried on in that city, it will be more easily understood. portion of the business is in advances made to Western grain dealers upon security of btils of Jading of grain in tranait to the seaboard by lake a canal. The Wostern buyer cannot wait for the arrival for returns. per cent for possible fall water. For these tw bills of exchange they charge one-half per cent. on they discount this Paper they do not pay money, but accept the draft on deposit at one-half per cent. A careful calculation will thus show that on ten and twenty day transactions the ks realize fully sixteen per cent at the ex; of the Western consignee, Its by operations of this kind that they are jed to swell up their surplusses and “erpe meray ot pani Peapealie marked in that e ity 01 king ea) v in that city, The capital ts 000, and is not at all adequate to meet the ordinary S temeads of @ ol facturing aod commercial business. To supply thie deficiency several rato banks with large capital are about being start One with a Cn of $250,000 is now being formed. The banks of Michigan are ly considered in a healthy and flourishing eondition. There are in the State forty. national with lation of $3,813,; See a Seaton ltt to the was, in round n sais sis $61,709 of by banks, The capital terior is $3,435,000; Detroit banks, $1,550,010. The following Ggures will give other items of interest:— items. Due trom national banks. 7 Due from other banks. 8 UB boete seomte Lepattans 285, . is to secure de] poe 5, U. & bonds and other secure Ot cscs aes 267100 Bills Of aatiGhel babktessesness, (88 196,382 Bills of other banks, 1, 4 i bist : ai i i ?. i i : i ifn theso re; dividends have been about twelve to fourteen per cent per year. I now come to 4 GIGANTIC SWINDLE, which I feel warranted in exposing, as it appsars to be @ clear case of breach of trust, if not of fraud, a synopsis of which Ihave aiready sent you by telegraph. Lam assured by some of the most respectable business mon of Milwaukeo that the facts are as follows: — Among the banks working under the State law was the Farmers’ and Millers’ Bank of Milwaukee. Shorty after the passage of the national banking law a ring of Western Dr gasergom = formed, the ailairs of this a duced from $500,000 to $250,000. When the bank was wound up the stockholders at a distance, who are ing minority, by some hocus pocus means were kept in blias- ful ignorance of it, and the Western ring bave controlled it, Each year they go through the farce of electing officers, and the Western stockholders are under the impression that the bank ia still in existence, Ther seems to have been a sys- tematic plan concocted by the Western ring to de- ceive the unsuspecting shareholders, and with this end in view figures were so mystitied a8 to make them be- lieve the stock was worth less than fifty cents on the dollar. They followed this up by sending out the fol- lowing circular, after the bank had become an institu. tion of the past (1 suppress the name attached 0 tne document): — > wie ery 1866. kt of Muwacues, Wis, Nov. e Farmers’ and. Millers’ At the late election held in Wisconsin, it was determined beat te jority vole of the people to change the general inking law of the State, so as to assess to the name of the owner, the shares of all bank stock for local as well as gou- era} taxes, 113 understood that the stock of the Farmers’ and Mitiers’ Bank, under this law will be liable to such taxe ation till itis wound up. ‘The remaining claims and proper. ty of the bank, I Jearn, are in such shape as to require at Teast two or three ‘years to wind them up ia the ordinary course, and even then, some ie unpaid claims and effects may have been sold at austion beforee nal adjustment can be inade, with expenses for salaries, &c., running on, In consideration of all these ciroum- ‘stances, as one of the largest stockholders in the rnstitution, I have contemplated at an early day, or so son as parties interested can be heard from, to ask the Board of Directors of suid bank to instruct Its officers to close up the affairs of the bank as speedily as possible, by .disposing of itn assets at public auction, unless some’ more feasible plan can be devised, aad after discharging its liabilities, make e fina dividend of the residue to the shareholders. 1 take the liberty of making these suggestions in the beticf that the interest of all parues having shares in the bapk will be served by the adoption of some plan for a more | winding up of its aifairs. Hoping that you may find time ta answer or to give the oflicers of the bank the benefit of your views pon the subject referred to atan eary day, E am, Ae is ‘To the Stockholders of Milwaukee, Wisconsi After this gloomy statement of the situation and the depreciation of the stock, the ring sent their East to purchase stock at thirty, thirty-five and forty-five cents on the doliar, and they have eT secured much at fifty cents and less when it will really command ite par value. I am assured a number of respectable busi- hess men of the city, who had got‘into the secrets of the Ting, consulted as to the propriety of uniting in a circu- ing the trick, but the 8 conspirators are two tional bank, One the ring a few weeks ago tha: he would realize forty thousand dollars profit by aes ire stock is held purchase of this stock. . Tun 8 Noxt to Now York, pechaps, come of Chicago, who have quite a reputation as bold and shrewd operators. For an entire week I have been in- gids jue circle, on ‘Change, everywhere, and I ry lo them credit to say thoy ard aay! the heels of Wall street, This the great of ail the West, and what Chicago bankers and not know is not worth knowing. This Mil master stroke was conceived here and executed thi He 1,070,750, The se ns sonore Se 006, First National largest the Third National the sum. * ae. really rotten condi I of many startling acts that ar for full and prompt inves- jon, Among the many grievances complained is the rate of intrrest Se i The bs gd Fagg this State te cent, beyond wi national = law ford the Pinang of ae 2 is a common practice te ignore the law itge from one-quarter to a eh ey to the rates, Ww ier provides that these banks shall not charge above the ‘usual Fate at the time for sight Keng. which is usually one-tenth. In particular, too, they do not conform to the spirit of Jaw, and make from fifteen to twenty-five per cent. But the most reprehensible acts of all are the recklessness with which the officers of some ot the banks use the funds that they are commissioned to guard for purposes of speculation. In three or four cases the presidenu had a controlling interest in the corporations; and it is hot an unusual practice to appropriate the funds for gold, stock and mining speculations, The president of one of the bauks, I am informed, has used from $30,000 to $60,000 of the funds of his bank in shaving notes at the rate of from two to three per cent por month, an@ his estate is indebted to the bank in this amount; but the bank 18 probably protected, as these speculations are sue cessful and the estate is valuable, The presidents of two other banks have been largely speculating in o on the credit of their banks, and have been unsuccessful. Whether the banks are secured I haye not learned. Another president bas been operating extensively in mining stocks and general business, but as he is “ the bank,” which was established for this espocial ov) he no doult feels justified in using i for his individual benefit, The cashiers, too, are moro or less gambling in stocks, and use the funds for their beneft, One who has in- variably failed in all his financial operatious is doing @ heavy basiness. Indeed, it is impossible to toll what extent officers appropriate the funds their individual benefit. A government officer makes a periodical examination of the condition of all these institutions, but skiiful ig can easily cover up defaications 80 as to dely detection for months, A gentleman who bad been a cashier for ten years informs me that be could so mystify bis ae- counts for months as to be @ dofaulter to the tune of $50,000, and defy detection by the most skilled account- ants, unless suspicions were aroused and attention were especially drawn to him. A PAT OFFICE, In this connection I wili give you a piece of news, The debt of Ch: is funds and consequently the bank account of the city 18 @ very large item. has been great competition among the national banks to secure the city funds on and four per cent ity treasurer can deposit where he sees fit, He keepa his account with one of the banks, and no doubt he car- ries over four cont. As the cash frequently amounts to a million, his perquisites, it is said, are worth fully 000 a year, So much for’ the banks of Michigan, Wisconsin an@ Iinois. In a future letter I shail give you the result of my researches in other States, AFFAIRS AT QUARANTINE. Ten vessels arrived at this port yesterday, bringing ap ‘wards of four (thousand passengers. After a thorough mspection by the Quarantine officials,,they were found to be in a good sanitary condition, and were allowed to come directly up to the city. The ship Arnold Boninger, >