The New York Herald Newspaper, May 19, 1867, Page 8

8 THE SOU TH. Reports from the Special Cor- respondents of the Herald. CONDITI'N OF AFFAIRS IN VIRGINIA. Republican Convention South Carolina. in THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN LOUISIANA, ARKANSAS INTOLERANCE AND NECESRITIES, &e. ke, &e. VIRGINIA, SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. Obanged Aspect of Petersburg—The Fortificn- ons—The Mine—Rec: truction, &e., &e. Perenssura, Va, May 13, 1867, 4 little more than two years ago and how different the ene from that which is here presented to-day, Then the whole world, moved by various interesta, regarded (wb almost undivided attention the events that were here ‘wansptring. The least important occurrence was herald- 4 far and wide, Now the most important is bardiy worth the telling. The shock of arms is over. The theatre of war has become the common abiding place of peace and dulness, It is one of the advantages of active Warfare that it is never dull, whatever else it may be; And it is to the disadvantage of peace that it cannot help Deing so at times, with all its blessings So, if the Betersburg of to-day is in the enjoyment of peace, it is @o at the cost of being stupid. Nothing in this world is ‘Wholly pleasing, it seems, and even giadsome peace, after years of cruei war, brings with it a regret. The only fmrerest attaching to the place is on account of what Joan been, Already there is numerous ciaas @f ciccroni, enger to show the lines, who Feeite to the curious visitor Incidents of the war, imagin- with great volubility, They have shown a piness in acquiring the tricks of the tribe, 8nd make the most of thoir stock in trade. There ig mot ap insignificant object that bas not in their minds (mportant acgoc.ations. They pretend tothe most exact tatormation, and will point to the skeleton of a horse, ‘among the scorog that are bleaching wear tho works, and tell you whose it was, and how he and his rider came to Aheir end. As likely as not you will be shown the shell fat did the deed, although im the narration you have Peon told that the sbell exploded. Such difficuitics as ‘Meee are nothing to our enterprising wonder-mongers. 3s i@ not for them to reconcile inconsistencier You (may do that if you please, but they have gained all the patisfaction they desire, beyond the pecuniary considera. Won, when they see that you listen to their stery with azemnent, Atuong the curious {acts collected in these temenis te ove to the effect that so thick was the jen hail in front of some of the works that bullets woming from opposite directions met in mid-course, and Deing welded together by the shock, fell to the ground; and, fo fact, as corroborative testimony, you have placed dm your bands balls thus closely united. © proprietor of the land where the crater ts ritua- Wed has forbidden trespassing on his plice under the severest penalty of the law; bas put up a toll-gate at a eonvenient point of entrance, and there sells permission to pase at twenty-five conts a bead. He probably makes nice thing out of (—more perhaps than he could by Who enitivation of his flelds. He displays objects made ‘@f the clay from the mine, said to be clay of a very re quality, and, by the sale of them, adds something his profita, But the crater and the mine are fast be- @oming unrecognizabie, The oid works, more in some situations than in others, are losing their defined out- Isneo by the action of the rains. Although ages will pare away, and there will still remain mounds of earth fod a traceable line of entrenchments, even now they ere fast becoming divested of all character. It is a mat- ‘ter of speculation already where was this embrasure ? where stood that gun? Was it here that we received She attack of the enomy on that day, or is yonder the point? xo soon have these defences lost that figure ‘and form which we knew so well, and come to us no moro with « familiar face. Tho gallery of the mine is fast becoming obliterated by the caving in of the earth febove it, and soon its course will be told by the broken surface of the ground alone, On other paris of the line, mot #0 much exposed to the effects of the rains, there are forte and other works very weil preserved; and fora long time to come they — to reiain much of their original character. oy resist very tolerably the ravages of time and the wea'her, and are altogether too extensive to be attacked ‘by the band of man as he presents himeecif vow in the capacity of cultivator of the soil, Some portions of the prckot lines alone have been dug away, all further dee- fraction being the work of the elements. ‘Visiting these immense and long impregnable works, @aco the scene of so much activity, mow devoted to 8o- Morte and decay, one can bardly credit his own recol- Jections. Was this now lonely fleld once populous with Behind these mounds of earth, that siraggie way through deserted lands, could there have been once crowded the lines of two hosule armies? Is it here, where quietly marmors this litile stream, the only thing ‘that utters sound in all the soone—is it this little vale was in fact ao vale of death, here, where the dim of battle was flercest and oftese:t ied tho ar? ts dificult to become ‘eccustomed to the idea that a place can so change its G@haracter. One either doubts his past experiences or fancies that it is @ momentary illusion that presenis ‘Wis solitary xpectacie to the eye, and that the next mo- ment the armies will start into being, the works be ahve with their defenders and all the dread circum- stance of war. ‘This city is doing something tn the wa; fen, Dut entirely tn character—quite cannot, for the life eortof way. The very spice of not of reconstrac- ily, Tho of them, do anything bat in a d party contention has The papers of rebei war; but the traveliens who sop to explore these ruins as Vet arenot many and their say ie brief. The citizens, Rowever, have “great expectations" of a fall tide of Gerionty huntersiand Northern speculators during the @emmer, and so they are waiting the roasting heats of Joly and August, when the swarming cities of the North will be emptied pon the seashore and among moun and over the battie elds of tne sourn, ae that give notice of the coming spring, canvansed town thie morning, Ihe Sieapy Bollow drugged, ho oo you know,” Impression that Harper's Ferry turing city of five or ten times the capacity of Lowell, as we go on recreating the South under the now dispen- sation. which met here last fuesday, adjourned last evening, to meot at Columbia, &C., on the 24th of July next, It does not appear to have excited much interest among the white population, and the daily papers have almost fort, almost absolutely controlied the action of the con- vention. ited circulation of the notice, which was published only in the two weekly papers, the organs of the freodmen, in this city, to meet and adjourn without other business than making arrangements for a more ex- tended circulation of the notice by publishing it in all the papers of the State, The majority, however, wero in favor of effecting an organization and tho adoption of such measures as would ensure a full attendance at the next meeting and a vigorous campaign the coming sum- mor and fall in the interests of the party. lower rooms of the military ball Tuesday evening and ‘was temporarily organized by calling to the chair R. H. Gleaves, a colored delegate from Beaufort district. Gleaves is a Peonsylvanian by birth but bas resided in this Btate several years and now is a thrifty merchant in the town of Beautort, & C. tion for the establishment of a republican party for this State and to adopt a platform which will be the basis for ‘ NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MAY 19, 1867.—TKIPLE SHEET. ‘Deantiful valley, rolls tn its volume from the right, making @ line of division in the united streams as dis- tinct aa that between the yellow waters of the Miasourt and the green of the peeerapey od at their junotin. the mountains are as fresh and soft in their spring dure as tp the palmy days of poor Pierce and Buchan 4 But turning back upon the town, whata change! It is a beehive robbed of ite honey, an anthill degpoiled of Mts treasures. It is even more dismal than Goldsmith's deserted village. The ke that remain are, evidently, the liveliest and happiest of the population. The white men move listlessly and lazily about, as if they had nothing to do and plenty of time to do it in; and the women, looking worn and weary, as seen in their household duties, seem to be still wearing the clothes which they had the war. We met in our pect! tour with an intelligent Union resident who had stuck it out here through al! tho War, and another who bad been taken prisoner by oid John Brown, and one or two other old stagers, from ‘whom we picked up some itemsof information. A little of the talk with our Union man will perhaps be interest og to the readers of the HenaLp:— “ Well, how are you all getting on here? The town seems to be dead, and you ail seem to be asleep, Are you waiting for something to turn up?” “Yes, sir; that’s it, We are waiting for the Govern- ‘Ment to re-establish the Armory or to well out its rights here along these two rivera, with all thelr water power around tbis point, 90 that we can bring Northern capital here, and mills and factories,”” + Yes, wo seo that for four or five miles along this river (the Shenandoah) you have ten times the r power of Lowell, and that for several miles along the Potomac any number of milis be set up.”” “You are right, sir, Shenandoah falls from sev- ve to a hundred feet in five miles here, and you from the works we bad here what this place was ‘ne war. Here, for instance, are the ruins of Mr, Herr’s flouring mill and cotton factory. mii! turned out two hundred barrels of flour every day the year round, and that cotton factory empioyed.a drove of girisand boys. Look at ’em now,” “But, after all, your main reliance was the government Armory.” “It was, sir; and it was a gold mine to Harper's Ferry. Betore the war it gave employment and good pay in bard cash to five hundred men, most of these men had their fam:lies, Besides the superintendent and the other officers bad thet larters—all those houses on the hill—and they were,always making improvements here | °' that gave work to hundreds of masons and carpenters, Before the war, sir, we bad sometimes pretty near five thousand people here, and all flourisbing, for they all bad money to spend, Now we have about twenty-tive hundred souls here, and if it wasn’t for the railroad ail but the odd five hundred of a: yald have to leave,” “(And you say you have an idea-that the gevernment will re-establish the Armory after a while, You must be, then, all right om reconstruction?” “We areall right, sir, because wears in Wost Virginia, We don’t have to reconstruct over that mountain, in old Virginia; they do. But Harper's Ferry is now in West Virginia, and she, you know, was all right from toe jump; and she expects the government to keep her in possession, because it is her it of way, and this is her only outlet to the seaboard; and because West Virginia did so much for the Union cause we expect the govern- ment to do something for her, in setting up the Armory here again or in turning over its mill sites and water the purpose of fram! @onstitution to govern the \d descendants of a race, the descendants of @ Calhouns, pes, the George McDuffies, Never, he said, in of the world, was ever any so grandly sublime manifested before amongst men. He hoped, therefore, that they would be governed by nothing but wisest counsels, leaving aside all selfish motives of lust for place or power, a cking only such men to occupy positions who were (be most com- petent to exercise the duties of the oflices to which they were cailed, and who would give all their influence towards the advancement of republican Princtplea, The Rev. Jonathan Gibbs, the next colored speake made a comparison of the sittings of this convention, its order and decorum, with the meetings of the great demo- cratic party as he had geen them in Tammauy Hull, New York. Any one, be said, familiar with tho olages in Tammany Hall, knew that a lady could no! bo present without beiog grossly insulted by the representatives of the unterrified, unwashed democracy, No lady would dare to go there no more thanghe would think of entering acage of wild beasts, In this respect this convention was decidedly far ahead, for the ladies bad been present at ail their sittings, and bad not only received aii the cour- testes accorded by gentlemen in this age of universal civilization and progress, but they had received muci better treatment than they would in the great city of New York, in Tammany Halt. It was a sirong argu- ment in favor of the colored man, Another prominent spoaker was R, C. Do Large, @ colored member of the Charleston delegation, He advo~ cated affiliation with any men, irrespective of color, who were willing to assist in building up the republican party in the Stace, Hoe desired to see color iguorod and tho party formed upon the broad basis of universal equaiity, universal freedom, and men known, not by their color, but only by their loyalty. The following is the platform adopted by the con- vention:— 1. That in order to make the labors of all our loyal fellow eltizens more effectual for carrying out the provisions of Congress for the restoration of law and or E as well ag for the peace and prosperity of 0! try, we, the people of South Carolina, do §ntO a political organization, to be known as the Union Publican party of South Carolina. 2. That 4s republican institutions cannot be preserved, unless intelligence be generally diffused among all classes, we will favor a umform system of common schools and col- Joges which sail be open to all. such system to bo support. by a geueral tax on all kinds of property. Phat we will favor a liberal system of public improve- ments, such as railroads, canals and other works, and also such a system of awarding contracts for the same as will give all our fellow citizens au equal and fair ehaace to share 4. That we will also {nist upon auch modidcrtion of the laws of the State as willdo away with imprisonment for debt, except for fraud, and imprisonment of witnesses, ex- cept for wilful absence, and especially to abolish ent rel. and forever the barbarous custom of corporeal punishinen' for crime, or avy other cause, 5. ‘That'ay large laud monopolies tend only to make the rich richer and the poor poorer, and are ruinous to the agei- cultura!, commercial and social interests of the Stat Legislature should offer every practicable inducement for the division aud sale of unoccupied lands among the poorer classes, and as an encouragement to immigrants to settle in our State, @. That the law of ejectmont and distraint should be so modi‘ied as to protect equally the landlord and the cenant. 7. That provision should be made for the exemption of the “poor man’s homestead,’ ‘That tho interest of the State demand a revision of the power to Northern capitalists, — eon ae rahe! ane the bia igen cg of the courts, a aor but anprone the Armory ig reballhand therebs come | sare ant yrapartiosei'as the propaty of tre stienta “Bless your soul, sir, isn't slavery dead as a door ace ee aes capitation or poll tax should ever be levied in pail? and what else have thoy left to fizht for? and what have they left to fight with? Why, sir, go over ; there in Loudon county, just over that ridge, and they | People. p "4 will tell you they have Lad enough of rebeilion to last | 11, That the poor and destltute, those aged and tnirm peo, ema hundred years, The starch is taken completely | {care for tnem, should be provided for at the ex Out of 'em, and the government needn't be the least the State; and that in the reconstruction of our gover: mite afraid of tbeir bristlin’ up again. It was all about | we wilisce to it that they are not neglected and foryotien, 10. That tho ballot being the surest safe ard of the rights of the cltizen, all olticers of the Siate should be elected by the bt the niggers, and they'll all feeb beter when they under- | 12. That we give our cordial and entire sanction to ‘lie ac- stand how much the loss of them niggers helps their | tion of Congress for the restoration of the Union, and to the coantry.” Wise and just principles of the repeblloan pariy.” °° pee 13. Thai wa will not support. any candidute tor office who ‘You think so, But how is it with real estate around | wii) not openly endorse the principles adopted by the Union here ¥’ republiown party; and that we pledge ourselves to stand by “Why, sir, bad an we are fixed in this broken down | the regular nomination of the party without any reservation town, lands around here are as bizh as before the war, | whatever. and higher too; $50, $75 and $100 an acre in somo cases, But over ‘the mdge’ there, in old Virginia, where they are not reconstructing them, you can get bargains, and further up this valley, when you get into the old State, We are in Wost Virginia, and we are ali right, We Another Vehement Letter from Ex-Governer Perry, of South Carolina, Ex-Governor B. F, Perry, of South Carolina, has written another letter on the Southern situation, It is published in the Columbia (S. C.) Phentz of the 16th instant, We make the following extracts:— In order to radicalizo the South, and stir up antago- nism between the two races and set them to cutting each other's throats, republican efMissaries, black and white, great and small, are travelling all over the Southern States, and making the most tncendiary speeches, or- ganizing secret socicties, and forming ‘Uaton Leagues,”” Senator Wilson, of Massachusetts, gave the people of Charleston, the other week, a specimen of his tactics and political strategy. Nothing can be more diabolical or less-likely to promote the true interests of the black man than such a course. [t will, however, go very far towards estranging the freedmon from us and building up a strong and powerful radical party in all the South. ern States. If left alone, the negro wouid act in bar- mony with his former owner. It 1s to his interest to do 20; but of this there is now little hope. Every day, by moans of this radical agitation and misropresentation, he will be less and less under the influence of his true friends and neighbors. At present, out of the towns and villages, the negro cares nothing about his right of suffrage, and knows nothing. Unless influenced by bad men he will not trouble himself to register or vote. ‘This, however, will not always be the case. If, there- foro, wo aro wise in the coming election, true to our- selves, and have the true iuterests of the negro at heart, we may defeat the call of a conventton and save the Siate from radicalism and agrarianism and a war of races in the future, it never can be done aftowards, And £0 on, for an hour. ve this place with the is @ site for a manufac- SOUTH CAROLINA. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. 1s of the Republican State Convention— —The Platform Adopted, &c. Omanveston, 8 O., May M4, 1967. The State convention of the Union republican party, entirely ignored it, Sixty-one dolegates were present, nine of whom were white and the rest colored, Out of thirty-throe districts in the State nine only were repre- sented, and the Charleston delegation, twenty-two in number, in connection with the delegation from Beau- Tho slim attendance is attributed to the lim- LOUISIANA, Some of the country delegates proposed transacting any SPECIAL GORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. Meetings of Republican Clubs—Different Opintons—The Sj in the Radical Ranks— Tho Reconstruction Clubs—Ex-Federal, OM- cers Joining Them, &c., &c. Naw Onieays, May 12, 1867, A meeting of the Ninth Ward Republican Club (col- ored) was held on Friday evening. Captain Isabelle (colored) was loudly called for, He stated that he was about the first colored man to bold an appointment in the Union army. He spoke of the necessity of union in the republican party in the coming contest. Con- gress, he said, in enfranchising the colored men of the South, did it with the belief that they would umite with tho white loyalists of the South and maintain the repub- lican party of tho United States, He stated that his object in addressing the meeting was to crush out that disposition to boast that they can do without the help of the white men. “It is dangerous on our part, Its effect in to keep up the distinction which ought t be buried in oblivion and to lead to a division of races.’ By keeping up this dis- tinction he contended that the republican party would be destroyed and lose its power in Congress. If the col- ‘ered men fail now the North, be said, would have good reason in turning against them, The various ward or- ganizations should be encouraged and multiplied with- ut distinction of race or color; we need the assistance of the German, the Irish, the Ben Butler clubs, and al! other republican clubs that can be created, ‘would repudiate any leader who endeavors to divide the party. He closed his remarks as follows:—‘Resolutions have ‘deen adopted here this evening in reference to the Cen- ‘tral Executive Committee, and the efforts it has made to obstruct and retard the local The convention accordingly assembled in one of the On taking the chair he ad- dressed tho meeting as follows :— Friiow Cirizexs—We are about to organize a conven- this party to work upon, We are now about entering on the preliminary arrangements, but before commencing any good work we should implore the aid of the Great Being who created us, who watched over us, and with- out whose aid we cannot be successful. I shail there. fore call upon the Rev. F. L. Cardoza to open this mest. with prayer, ir. Cardoza, a colored clergyman, then offered w prayer. At ite conclusion a committee on credential and acommittee on permanent orgauization were ap- poin During the absence of these committees the Conven- tion was addressed by soverai speakers, among whom was Colonel T. J, Mackey, formerly of the Confederate army, but now connected with the Freedmen's Bureau, He advised them to reject the teachin; then, and when that day ana unbroken union of the republican party The Seventh Ward Club held a meeting the same even- ‘W. R. Crane (colored) spoke in terms of bitterness abuse of the “new comers’’ of the republican party of Lowi their motives, &c., and endeavored to pro- Judice the. man against the number of their white associates in the party of this sate, snd attom| to create 0 division in its ranks. Mr. \@ 1s one of the leaders “radical republi- divinon ct the “Unton republican party.” so referring ‘nion can Ip to this division the New bican of tis morning says:—“If a club or a vote to read ‘themsetves out of pope gy tk a of their own, they are of course Om ge 80; for Dares ah to eal Gamaeet any ing they plate” a ives an " ‘fhe Third and Tenth Ward Reconstruction jubs held their meetings a ee the epeakers considered was ometee to address the colored with a view or ining the 0e-operation that race with the re- Srna Com utes | ST coe "st enmton ates hana itician ia tl ac now was + Becalored inwyer, co-operated with ine country delegaise’ | completed, the “result, Known, end the election Much of the time of the convention was consumed in | Ordered, then will be the time to consider what discussions on the tment of the various commft. | combinations are necessary. The speaker (President M. toon and ud com thm, CC, 3 Rises) cameron than anlar late, Sey S00 RET, Bowen, a white lawyer, we hie ser. | Would be safe ‘under the radical party, and CI vices = gratultonsly =f =the people, | the conduct of the radicals in Missouri, ‘ where no min- in the case of the late street car question, was appointed boa Lp ee mpg emma, ny ag Chairman of the Cape Girardeau Sisters nees will be to ‘been put under arrest as disloyal citi. the Convention. George Hogg, ay f of ground that he member of this service, Ag attempt to reconsider the appointment re- | club and made a speech, which was frequently ap- suited only in a lengthy discussion of four or five hours | Plauded. and the retention by Mr. Bowen of ition, The New Opera House, of Music, Oiympic ‘These discussions and debates, it is but just to aay, | Hall, Créecont City and Burneil's Museum are the only were conducted In good teeapet. sad sorted ia good feel: of amusement now open in New Orieans, The ing. The great object of Convention, the organiza- House will close in a few days. The others will tion and establishment of a republican v im the | probably remain open as aa the increasing warm state, and the necessity of harmony was the theme of | weather will permit. The Varieties theatre closed a all the and sxorcised a controlling indvence | few mights since. The St. ty Ee Soon inte ene Ya) ‘weeks ago. The next season at the Opera be ante ye Ye ey yp The coered cleenacas. samed Globe Major said be wae ton m ~ prohibited ‘rom pal ee ern ie BB np fella ey | te eine repableam party for that not more | salceas ere closed a & precention close | in the United R 2 Cet aered. soc, lmrarinn ott ft Dat he wished to give a few words of conse! te bis own | oral Sawtelle, Lieutenent-Colonel Cresby; DY. Ase, of for the reconstruction of toe comatey, and he | Bi# staf, and Generals Porter and Baboodt, aids to Gen- thought it their duty to seareh out and | oral Grant, left thie city on the steamship Marlad, for oar tan a een re ee cenit art | Galveston, Texas, on an inspecting tour, The tripe will Fealize the grandly sublime ‘were thea be extended to the Rio Grande, and will mot probably ovtting In convention ip the proud guy of Chariegion for | extend beyond » week or ton days REANSAS. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. it Necessities for Reconstruc- Larris Rock, Ark., May 8, In ettting and working to successful conclusion the Breat reconstruction question of the Southern States now under military government, simple unity of polti- cal action, sufficient at least to accomplish the desired Political emd, is not the only thing needed, To effect a thorough and permanent reconstruction and one em- Dodying tm ite fundamental principles and development & sure guarantee of lasting prosperity to the people—and this can be the only basis of a just and satisfactory reconstruction—something else has got to be done than political wire-pulling, struggling afer the negro vole, holding political caucuses and conventions, estabiish- ing political organa and iesuing political pro- nunciamienos, There is a deeper depth to be reached, ® power paramount to political power to be used. It is true before any of those States can get. back into the Union the formal requirements of Con- gress preliminary to such restoration must be complied with; but all this can be quietly and peacefully done, and if the right spirit controls, which it is to be hoped may prove the ease, the whole work can be accom- plished not only harmoniously, but in good faith and in accordance with tho general will and wishes of the people, Meanwhile, Southern people should not be idle, This is no time for folding hands. - Apathetic in- difference is criminal. All true Southern men posses- sing an honest desire to promote the best interests of the South—its social, religious, commercial and material welfaro—can find everywhere about them abundant fields of labor, In this State this is pre-eminently the case, Arkansas is to-day the poorest State in the country, though possessing undeveloped resources of wealth surpassed by mone, The remedy is at band, within the grasp of the people, and they have only to seize it and employ it, Past Prejudices and irritations must be banished from thought and memory; political agitations and sectional contentions, The Scylla and Charybdis sure to bring disaster and shipwreck must be avoided, and a wise tmprovement of the present and its golden oppor- tunities to advance the fature welfare of the State and tho people, become the determined aim and purpose of every one. Looking over the diverse channels of in- dustry tn which the expansive resources of unemployed labor and capital may and should be here employed, I see none more vitally connected with the future commer- cial growth and prosperity of this State than her railroad interests, It is a most lamentable fact that Arkansas 1s far bobind any other State in tho Union in respect to railroads, and to this fact above every other must be attributed her being so farin tho rear rank of all the oiber Statea, To show what railroads are to a State requires no extended argument. Railroads are the pioncers of civilization, the index of a people's enter- prise, tho balance sheet showing a State’s prosperity. Railroads beget labor and capital, give birth to cities and villages, open undeived mines, convert to useful pur- poses foresta of waste timber, bring imto cultivation untilled lands and furnish a speedy market to the agri- cultural products, manufactures and all tho, productive wealth of a State, Railroads bring in their train the telegraph, schools, charcbes and the multiplied benign resuits of advanced wealth and intelligence, Without railroads a State's resources cannot be dovoloped, there are no tnducements to immigration, and whiie other States with increasing railroads are increasing in com- wereial importanea in the cularged culture of their people, and in the liberalizing of their views, and while the fields of enterprise aro widening. and trade extending to wealth and capital, those einews of strongth and stimulus of progress are bemmg rapidly accumulated, the State without railroads remains at a stanustill. I bad no notion of branching off into @ disserta:ion on railroads, but simply set out to show what this State has lost through Jack Of railroada, and what sho bas to gain by properly directed energy and effort in this direction. The subject is necessarily & dry and statistical one to the general reader; but neverthel as already intimated, ts closely related to the subject of reconstruction, and as such should be written ip. On this ground therefore, and from the great interest attaching to it, not alone to the capitalists of this State, but 6 Northern capitatists, I shail expect indulgence in my present foraging after facta and figures, which by the way I have been a: pains to obtain accurately from papers in the State Depart- ment here and extra divergences into didatic declamation out of the usual style of my leiters. There ‘s not to-day araliroad running in this State—a painfully comprehensive declaration to begin with, and one that must certainly strike those not happening to be conversant with the facts as a statement almost incredi- ble. That portion of the Memphis and Little Rock Raii- road embraced between Little Rock and De Vail's Biuff, ‘a distance of forty-six miles, has been in operation uniil recently; but the imperative demand for repairs com- polled a suspension of the trains, and it is altogether un- certain when they will get to ranning again. With this road in operation two maila were received weekly from the North arid the ame number taken away, wita some- thing like rogularity—and this was thought a aecidediy big and enterprising thing for this country; but now the only mail dependence is on the Arkansas river boat which ply back and forth with no more idea of time ani regularity than a wild catamount of the customs of civilized life. For even this meagre section of railroad, and the only railroad im operation in the State sinco the close of tho war, the State is indebted to the United States government, which, as will be remem- bored, built the road for military purposes during the war, and has since turned it over, with all its roiling stock and everything belonging to it, to the present managers of the road. That general Southern style of doing things—that ts, do a thing to death with no appa- rent conception of such a saving clause as repaire—has characterized the present management. Bat for all this there are bright prospects abead. Both Southern and Northern capitalists, but principally the latter, wide awake op the railroad question, aud who reqaire no pounding on the head to convince them that a State's commercial advancement or decline is inversely in tho ratio of her railroads, have taken the matter seriously in hand. The result has been the consoldation of the Memphis and Little Rock and the Mempbis and E! Paso railroads. The latter company have agreed to fur- nish all the money a to complete the road be- tween Memphis and Little Rock. It ts now promised that the road between here and Memphis will be finished by tho close of the year. On the tirst section of the road between Memphis and Madison no work can be done at presont on account of the overflow of the seventy-three hours from New York, about the timo it ‘now requires to reach Memphis, To Mempbis and Little k Railroad Company there is a grant of 163,- H a tr 2238 “i paint i] ve : Re oF i 3 i 55g zi 5 8 H B E A 52 ej i 4 i ii E zi 3 i g 2 2 i a : i 5 H E =, | i itis i i [ i ; a " i i ERE Hell it32 ts i i Rif : F i E i Te i 4 ii HH i i fi i bul hale al A pila Hj i i : F for the aid of the rebellion, and ne further Sebastes oreory ane nag mie a essage of iho ct’ aad ‘ssuxing ine fad grant ten one © @app mile, oraeum tea) of 1.$54800 vores, before the war. stated above, it is probable the stem of the between Little Rock and Fulton, will doubtless be built by the Memphis aud El Paso Raiiroad Company, to save building two roada The road, through its en! length, passes through im- every best agricultural ig stated by the President of tho ‘that work will be commenced on te line during though nothing is doing now. 180 Baye grant being on the same favorable terms Fort Smith and Memphis and the ion of the line will ensure their rapid com- ai connection CO hmrodiprgy Sein iis tags, louatain road, the Illinois Central at Cairo, with the Memphis and Charleston road at Memphis, and wiih the Neosho Vailey road near Fort Smith, allord such a diver- sity of outlets for the productions of the State as to in- cite the hope that after ali that has already been done on the Cairo and Fulton road and for it, ne project may not fail of completion trom want of the additional capital that may be required and tne right mon and right spirit to brosecate the enterprise, On the Iron Mountain and Helena Railroad, chartered some dozen years ago, about seventy-iive miles has been graded, and that is all that has been done. Oa the Pine Bluff and Napoleon road a few miles grading also com- prises the amount of labor performed, The charters for these roads were granted before the war, and as the commencement of the war found them so they remain. Three railroad charters were granted py the State Legis- lature last winter, the firat fora road about three hundred miles from Little Rock up to the Indian Territory; the second for a mining road trom near Elgin, on the Black river, twenty-one miles long, to some zinc deposits found amorg the mountains, and the third fora road fifty miles long, from Brownsville, on the Memphis and Little Rock to Pine Blut Nothing whatever has been dons on either of these last three roads, and at present does not seem likely to be very soon. From the above a comprehensive and I trust.a clear conception can be obtained of the present condition of railroad matters in this State, Abundant charters exist for an extended railway system, Al! that is required to carry them t compiction, and thus reconstruct the ‘State and enlarge her wealth, are energy and capital, Only let the people of Arkansas do their part of the pre- liminary work, accept the terms offered them by the State thereby becomes fully restored to a condition of rea! and assured prosperity, and there will be no lack of Northern capital. onstrucion and Tailroads are the State's stepping stones to pera the prosperity, Whether the matcrial wealth shall be developed, or lie dormant and wasting; whether law shail be a sare protection of life, property and char- acter, or a mere mockery; whether peace and prosperity shail prevail, or misrule and anarchy, abides the decision of the people. ice in the State—Iil Treatment ef Unionists—Persecations for Opinion—The Unwhipped Rebels of Arkansas, &c. irre Rock, Ark., May 10, 1867, Not excelled by the horrors of the Spanish {nquisition, and nardly by tho barbarities of St. Bartholomew’s eve in Paris, in those memorable days of revolution when the streets ran red with the blood of the opposing fac- tions striving for the reigns of government, were the persecutions visited upon Union men in the rebel States during the late war, Men whose only crime was loyalty to the general government and fidelity to the Stars and Stripes, under which they had been born and reared, were pursued and persecuted with a bitternes of hate that knew no gleam of sympathy or the slightest feeling of remorse. Hunted and hounded by the conspirators of the confederacy, no Union man was safe at horne. All who had the means fled to other States to avoid the remorseless persecution to which they were subjected. Friendly marshes and the thick Cane. brakes and mountain caves gave secure hiding places to some, Many wore shot in cold blood or hung to the limbs of trees, Large numbera wero consigned to prisons and death by slow starvation. Tho record is a dark one, but the facts are incontestible, K is the blackest page fn the history of the rebellion, Had the war ended these persecutions it were well; but it has not. It 1s true that in some of the States now under military rule, very little if any of this persecuting spirit may show itself; but it is equally true that it exists in all of them in a greater or less degree, It is natural it should be so, You may disarm an enemy but you do not disarm his hatred, Time atone can heal these asperities, and only before its moliitying influence and a growing community of interests, and a broader geniality and enjarged culti- vation of the amenities of social and commeroial life, can the oid relations of friendibip and confidence be restored, It is believed this change 1s gradually being accom- plishod, and it 1 believed—the belief is the father to the thought—that it ts destined to be so thorough and effect- ual that another generation will hardly credit the possibility that the North and the South ever met in the fearful, fratricidal strife of the late war. This change, though very slow and gradual, is certainly working in this State, and Union men, who, a fow months ago, did not dare open their mouths in ex- pression of their views, are bold and loud mouthed enough now. But this is only in certain sections of the State. There are still places where a Union man ven- tures to speak out his Union sentiments only at the risk of his life. There are towns where it is not safe for a Yankee toshow himself, There are localities where oue wearing the Uniform of 4 United States soidier would be eshot down hike a d There are whole counties where bushwhackers, jayhawkers and kindred but milder ilks of unreconstracted rebels keep their eyes and guns upon Union men. Of course but the merest frag- ment of tho story can be told in the abbreviated of alotter. The facts, indeed, wero they all known and compiled would make a record rivalling in eize the pon- aerous tomes of legislative job printing. Some of the facts have already been laid before General Ord, and it isto be hoped that every fact brought to light bearing ‘on the case will be likewise submitted to him, and now that he has the power, which he did not have before hjs elevation to his present position, that he will speed- ily take some definite action, vi etsarmis or irwise, calculated to put an effectual estoppel on these: tinued and untimely demonstrations of rebel vindictivencas. Lieatenant General Sherman had the right vrew of this matter, He here, He had seen the people. He had talked to the Stato Logisiature in a manner no one else would have ventured to address them, taunting thom for their single forty-six miles of raiiroad; chiding them for their total neglect of common school education, and upbraiding them for having only one manufactory in the State, and this only a small of saltworks, in operation during the war at the expense of the Confed- erate government to farnish Confederate soldiers with galt they ignomintously earned. He counselled them to go home, to stop their endeavors to fan the embers of the rebellion, to cease their efforts to keep alive hatred of the Union, and to behave respectfully to Union men and the government that protected them, After General Ord had been assigned to this hea Lieutenant General bad the power to make the iatter believe ho had this right, and to put on the bold and determined air of one intending vigorously to enforce it, Right well the General knew that there were hundreds & af | ij if ef? I s : a] {3 ; i i d ? if z iH é ¢ : i HE ry HE i i if it fil } i i 5 28 af ik | rf i if i i Craighead county bed been Se tm the eyes of sed tae i i i i ig 4 fy i i Hi | i i re of two }, the oerpr este Seis is ba be found in the Newgaie calendar. men belonging to various guerilla ‘ ofa en stealing ther tose, abd Where houses of Union men ing their at bo is known to have money, giving bim the choice of handing it over or be sbot or hung, A strong case in point illustrative of this hatred of Yankee though possibly the hatred in this instance mi bt nol Gevelop itself to deeds of crime, has been furnished mo by an army chaplain as part of bis late experience im travelling up the White river, An old man got to talk- ing with another about Northern people immigrating here, and said the old men, “I’ve hated the Yankees, ‘ail my life; I’ve raised seven children to hate them, and now that my wife is dead I mean to marry again to raise: another family to hate them.” The ingiapce shows how deep seated this intense batred of Northern people is in tne bearts of some, and foretelis a long time before it will be eradicated, This hatred, too, is at times ver quickly excited, and when the least antici A gentleman from the North, who has lately bought » large tract of jand in the State, says he finds his neigh- bors indis) to interfere with him, and though be can. talk his poliical views treely with them, has found it is notsafe to do so when he gets away from home, Ashore time ago he went to a town on the White river and put up forthe night ata log tavern. He and five or six others, including three members of the State Legisla- ture, were tai ‘on political matters quietly around. the blazing fire of the sitting room, He was not aware of baving expressed any very ulira-radical sentiments, when suddenly g man, who it turned out bad served as: a major in the Confederate army, jumped up and, squared himself beforo bim. : “You damned old Yankee scoundrel you, it's teri Just such as youl lost overyibing 1 possessed, if it ‘wasn't for your gray hairs, I'd cut your dammed throat,’? was the flerce utterances that greeted wy informant’s ears. “Who are you,” asked my informant, in a tone about as flerce and likewise jumping to his feet, “Pi let you know,’ was the response, and with it the latter drew a bowie knife and made s pasa at my informant, just glancing his shoulder, Notwithstanding bis gray ha.re the bi of our Noribern immigrant was up, He seized a chair, but before he could use it or the Yankeo hating major make acotner pass with his bowie knife, the parties present interfered and wound the alfair up then and there, and hostilities fortunately wore not resumed, “Why did not you shoot the scoundrel?” I asked, knowing that my ere always went armed as he reviously told me, mtvor a pe good reason,” he answered, ‘If I had shot him there would have six bullets gone through me fo quick I would not have known which shot first I { was the only Yankee in the room, and probably the only Union man in the house, and possibly in the town.’? In connection with the persecutions of Union men— for it virtually amounts to this, and at least is a defiance of the government—an interesting chapter might be written on the troubles expericnced by assessors and col- lectora of the interna! revenue. A good many flank movements requiring both extra courage aud extra en- dowment of strategic abiity has to be gone through with by these financial agents of Uncie Samuel As an in- stance of many I will give one which happened but e& few days since. A deputy collector arrived at Clarendon, on the White river, on a steamboat, The first place he went into the following brief dialogue occurred :— ‘are you a tax collector?” asked the proprietor of the place, ~ “Do you see that” in tones not quite so bland, con- tinued the aforesaid proprietor, pulling out a revolves and poinung it at his head, ‘Now you get out of here— git up and git,” and the began to essay a gentie Tetrograde movement, ‘“Fasver, as he reached the door of the establishment, ‘about face and dig for that steamboat as straight and fast as you can,” saiuted him in tones still less benignant, Well, for fear he might not go to the steamboat, the aloreeaid proprie- tor followed atier bim and compelied him to double quick it before striking the gang-plank, much to the discomiiture of the tax man, but very much to the grati- ficaiion and amusement of the crowd of lookers on, not one of whom interfered on behalf of our gov ernment functionary, ‘The discomfted deputy re turned here and recited his reception to Cap- tain Patton, tax collector. The Capiain is ap Arkansian by birth, served through the war in the federal army, and is’ not a man to be trifled with. The next boat or two found bim at Clarendon. He walked into the same _ and quickly kuew his man from the description, e introduced himseif thus:— “You're hell I'm told; now that’s my game, I’m the Internal Revenue Collector ot this district. You drove one ot my deputies out of here the other day, ‘and now you've got a chance to try it on mie,”” ‘Ask your pardom; but I was drunk that day,’ stam. | mered out the man. mi “Then you don’t care about any shooting to-day,” grinned the captain. ‘‘You’d rather pay your tax?” ‘['d rather pay vhe tax,” was the mildly ejaculatory | response; and he did pay it. This last part of this last story has no particular connection with the present sub- ject of my writing; but it is a sequel too good to be lost, Several other deputies have been threatened and ehot and various indignities heaped upon them, and whol , tatives of a government | One other topic connected with these persecutions of Union men and I will draw my letter to a close, & gentleman residing here informs me—and it is news to me though it may not be to many others—that these very persecutions led to the of the Reconstruc. tion Bill, A committee of aio and all of them native born Rackensacks, went{to ington to implore that something might be done by Congress for their protection. They stood ail they meant to of rebel proscription, abuse and indignity, and they did not mean tostand it much longer, Thad Stevens was seen, and Senator Wilson was seep, and Senator | — er Crew betes geen, and bee Soyo | ruction and suppiimentary acta, thoug! ul passed. Had } ] in all regaras, were ‘the session gone over ‘and these’ bills not passed, fullest preparations pre] been made to set in motion the ‘Grand Army were Republic.” Arms and equipments at a moment’s notice. Im twenty Rock, Alter taking charge of the State government and setting things working to suit y would have ) taken up their line of march ,thi the State, and, cleaning out all the rebels in Arkansas, pushed into Texas and done the same thing, and thence traversed | Louisiana and all the other rebel States, destroying, root and branch, every vestige of rebeldom. would have made short work of They would have left nothing to be reconstructed. However vision- ary a scheme, this may strike many, of its serious cou- templation there can be no doubt, Union men here saw themselves enjoying but little of the fruits of the victory they had striven so hard to gain. pass were geting. discouraged, disheartened. What it do for them th Tesolved to do for themselves, The jon of “Grand Army of the Republic’’ stil} exists and holds or meetings in this city. If the poe a Soy vom Union men in this State do not cease there yet may be some fighting for this ) “Grand Army of the Republic’’ to do, , TEX SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HERALD. it Protection for the Frontier, &c. @atvestox, Texas, April 12, From headquarters I learn that for the further pro- tection of the frontier troops will be stationed as follows: Four companies at the post at Buffalo Springs and six companies at Fort Belknap. The Fourth, Sixth and Ninth cavalry will be stationed at various points along the frontier, The infantry posts are not yet designated, Jacksonborough will be discontinued as a militaty post. it the El Paso route will not be occupied with deyond Fort Clarke, ey i isaramor that cholera has There have beens i 1 dl | i ni iz? Het £ i ei 44 8 tf é I i Hu i i g ia 4 &E e af e z . i r 2 F : : i i fet Es§3 i i 33 i 3 (3 5 i & E ih igs® 35855 Hy : i i fs fi i Ee £ 4 2 i f i i 4 5 g ae. | 4] a a Hi - 2 i H z x & § ues Lf fl fi “I am, sir,” blandly responded this worthy official. |