The New York Herald Newspaper, March 15, 1867, Page 6

———————— 6 NEW YORK HERALD. 2’ BENVETT, JAMES GOK EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR Broadway, near Broome —Aws Hour ov Saviiis, NEW YORK THEATRE, Broadway, opposite New York Hovel Tae Maio Win tux Miuwine’ Pau—Scorcu Bate Laps—PBRSEUS AND ANDROMEDA, WOOD'S THEATRE, Broadway, opposite St. Nicholas Motel.—Lapy's Barree—Karr O'Surei.. GERMAN STADT THEATRE, Nos. 45 and 47 Bowery.— Unie. Aoosta. DODWORTH'S HALL, 806 Breadway.—Proresson Harts wit Perronm His Mimacues—Tas Heap in tue AiR— Tus InviaN Basker Taick—Protevs. STEINWAY HALL, Fourteenth street.—Junas Macca Bate Miarnoom at 8 olclock Cant, WoLrsoun's “Las? Baxtaovay Marivxx. SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRI the Movcaniiien Sonia ep Sunaina, Danone KELLY & LEON'> winstRELS, 720 Broad po- susie Now York Hotel“? min Sonay, Davgas. Bee ax oe 5 LEON—MADAGASCAR 585 Broadway, opposite iw Ermiorian ENTERTAIN: Buncesques.—Tae Brace FIFTH AVENUE OPERA HOUSB, Nos. @ and 4 West ‘Twenty-fourth street.—Guirrm & Curtstr’s Mew eeis.— ErwioriaN MINsTRELSY, BaLLaDs, THe Ocwan Yacat Race—Taws Buaox Ci TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, 201 Bowery.—Cowrc Vocaism. Necro Musstaxusy, Baccer Divearisemext £0.—MASSANIELLO, OR THE FISHCATCHER. CHARLEY WHITE'S COMBINATION TROUPE Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broadway—Ix 4 Vanrery or “IGHT ano Lavouasue Ewrerrainments, Uorrs pe Bait, 4c. Tux Fesian's Osta. MRS. F. B. CONWAY'S PARK THEATRE, Srooklyn.— Haszaxpous Grounp. HOOLEY’SOPERA HOUSE. Brooklyn.—étaiortan Min- ermmisy, Battaps ann Burixsques.—Tse Biack Cnoox. at THE BUNYAN TABLEAUX, Unwn Hall, corner of Twenty-third street and Broadway, at 7%.—Movina Mir- nor OF TRE PILGRin’s IXTY MAGNIFICENT Scanus, Matinee Wednesday and saturday at 3 o'Clock. NEW YORE MUSEUM OF AXATOMY, 618 Rrosdway.— Biss Wecohis itech, Wgcoge fone tts hae 1x8— WO TORAT Rr. Lyoronss Dany. ‘Open from 8 s.M. til 10, M. INSTITUTE OF ART (Derby Gallery), 625 Broadway.— Graxp Exmsrron ov Paintixcs.—‘ Tax RerusLican Court” ox tae Days or Lixcoux. TRIPLE SHEET. New York, Friday, March 15, 1867. EUROPE. By the Atlantic cable we have a news report dated yesterday evening March 14. Four British gunboats have been despatched to Ireland to be stationed at “different places in the river Liffey,” a river which flows from ita source in the mountains of Wicklow to Dublin bay. The Fenian troubles are not ended. The insurgents suffer fatally, it is sad, from cold, in the Wicklow mountains. The Italian election returns are in a very confused state. Garibaldi heads the opposition to the Cabinet. Consols closed at 9034, for money, in Landon. United States five-twenties were at 7454 in London. The Liver poo! cotton market closed firm at an advance of 3 of a penny. Breadstuffs firm. Provisions steady. An important debate took place in the English House of Commons on the 28th of February, on the occasion of the second reading of the bill for the confederation of the British North American colonies. Mr. Adderley moved the measure, Mr. Cardwell supporting it warmly. Mr. John Bright urged that the people of Nova Scot!a should be afforded time to express a deliberate opinion on such an important subject, and ridiculed tho idea that any large party in the United States wished to force the annexation of Canada to the Union, as the colonists were of their own volition gradually adopting the American plan of government. Mr. Watkin deliv. ered an animated and significant speech in support of the bill, in the course of which he made use of the fol- lowing sentences:—“‘At the present moment more than one-half of the whole North American continent was under the dominion of the British Crown, and did the honorable member think that it would be to the advantage of the British empire and of civilization that one-half of the North American continent should be annexed to the United States? * * * Aslong as they possessed those provinces and adopted a system that was almost free trade, it would be impossibie for the United States to pursue what he might call a Japanese, policy. If they could not defend Canada, with the as- sistance of Canada, could they defend Ire'aud? The ar- gument that was used for giving up Canada would have equal force 1 regard to Ireland. The British empire was indivisible." Our special correspondence from Vienna and Frank- fort-on-the-Maine, with the newspaper mail roports pub- lished to-day, contain very valuable matter in detail of our cable despatches to the 2d of March. Tt will be seen that the police and military have tried to “lasso” the Fenians with rope in the Kerry moun- tains, Ireland, but failed to catch even one. CONGRESS. In the Senate yesterday several petitions were pre sented and referred. A bill was reported back formally authorizing the Atlantic Telegraph Company of New York to make soundings and Jay a cable on the Ameri. can coast. Mn Womeroy tntroduced a bill authorizing the Postmaster General to coniract for tho weekly transportation of a mail betwoen New York and Bro- men. Some other business of an unimportant nature ‘was transacted, after which Mr. Trambull called up the Supplementary Reconstruction bill. Mr. Drake offered ‘an amendment authorizing the registered voters to de- cide whether they should have a convention or nok A lengthy dobate ensued, during wh Mr. Fessenden declared that rather than force the le of "the South back into the Union he would keep them out The amendment was rejected by # vote of 17 yeas to 27 pays. Mr. Drake then offered another amendment re quiring the electors to vote by closed ballois, and pro- viding that such shall be the mode of voting in future, unless otherwise ord-ved by consent of Congress. ‘Messra. Conkling, Fessenden, Doolittle, Wilson, Hender. son, Bockalew and Corbett spoke against the amond. meat, denounciag sccret ballota Pending the discus. sion the Seaste went into executive session and soon after adjourned. In the House Mr. Covode offered a resolution calling for aselect committee to investigate certain charges of irregularities m the Treasury Department, Mr. Chanier objecting, the resolution went over. A bill was intro- duced fixing the tithe for the election of Representatives and Delegates to Congress; also one making eight hours aday's work for all méchanics and laborers employed by the government. A petition asking that the same Privileges be extended to sailors as are now extended to soldiers was presented, A resolution was offered in- structing the Committee on Elections to report whether Mr. Hant or Mr. Chilnioott was entitled to tge seat as Dolegate from Colorado, py rige THE LEGISLATURE. in nate yesterday several petitions were pre- sented for the extension of the teins len, A pe of bills of @ local character were reported and introduced. The Now York Sarface and Underground Railway bills were made the special order for the evening. The bill ‘was passed appropriating $160,000 for Hodson river tm- provements, The bill increasing the powers and dutios of the Metropolitan Board of Health was advanced to a third reading. Ia the evening session the Broadway Surface Railroad bili ‘was taken op. Several amend. ments were offered and acted upon, and the bill was ro- ported complete, The Metropolitan Railroad bill was next taken ap; and ordered to ® third reading. On the call for the yeas and ‘nays the Broadway Surface Teallroad bill was also ordered to @ third roading by a vote of 18 to 11, In the Assembly bills giving $260,000 State aid to the ‘cnstroction of the Whitehall and Piattsburg Railroad ; ‘horizing the Metropolitan Transit Company to build ‘tain railroads in New York, and making an appropria- on Of $250,000 towards the erection of the now Capi- ol were ordered to m third reading. The afternoon ‘ession of the Assembly was devoted principally to local Hills, The bill to remove the obstructions from the ‘Wharves and piers of New York was advanced tow third reading. On motion of Mr. Travis the Cross. Town» Rail- Fond bill was taken up and passed by 0 vote of 08 to 6 The Assembly thoa adjourned, NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, MARCH 15, 1867.—TRIPLE SHEET. The Conference Committee of the Legislature have agreed upon a bill calling & Convention, The election is to take place on the fourth Tuesday in April. Colored men are allowed to vote, but rebels and deserters Are to be excluded. The Convention ts to mee, at Albany on the fourth Tuesday in June, THE CITY. The Board of Aldermen met yesterday afternoon and passed a resolution appointing @ committee to proceed to Washington and urge upon the government the necessity of settling the claims of the city for money exponded in 1861-62 in furnishing United States troops with arms, ammunition, &, Tbe Board took up the city tax levy for 1367 and concarred in all the amendments, A reso- lution was adopted to appoint a janiter for the City Li- brary at a salary of $1,000 per annum. ‘The Board of Councilmen hela no meeting yesterday, & quorum not being present at the call of the roll. President Brinkman declared the Board adjourned till Monday at four o'clock. The Board of Health met yesterday, and a lengthy report from the Sanitary Committce was read. In this document the committee stated that it bad reason to believe the cholera woulg appear in New York this year, and urged that the Legislature be requested to promptly provide a suitable place for a quarantine station. Mr. Bergen favored the adoption of the report, but did not believe that because there was cholera in the city last yoar it would be certain to reappear this summer, The report was adoptea. The Hadson river bas vee virtually opened to com- merce, and preparations have been made by the mu- merous stes™oat companies for the summer trade, Quite « number of boats are getting ready to ply be- tween this city and the different points on the river. The propeller Nupha made the first trip to Hudson City, arriving there at a quarter past one yesterday. Business at the Fenian headquarters continued brisk yesterday, Arms and money were still being sent ip, and several deputations from circles of the Roberts fac- tion had arrived and tendered aid to the men in Ireland. A complimentary dioner was given at Delmonico’s last evening to John Francis Maguire, M. P., by his Irish friends in this city. The affair was quite successful, ‘and was characterized by able addresses from Charles O’Conor, who presided; J, F. Maguire, the guest of the evening; Wm. M. Evarts, Mayor Hoffman and others. ‘The seventieth Annual Commencement of the College of Physicians and Surgeons took place at Steinway Hall last evening. The degree of Doctor of Medicine was con- ferred on ninety-nine students, In another column will be found an interesting article on the reckless waste of Croton water. The presont and prospective condition of the labor market is exciting considerable interest among the working classes of the city, Advanced rates of remu- neration, with few exceptions only, are contemplated by the men of the buildmg trades. Shipbuilding is dull, and the mechanics employed in it are working at re- duced wages, The present unsettled state of ‘the labor market has been unparalleled for years. Albert D. Richardson, tormerly a war correspondent of the Tribune, was shot on Wednesday night last in Amity street, by Daniel McFarland, a lawyer, whose joalousy had been aroused by a supposed improper intimacy be- tween Richardson and Mrs. McFarland. Three shots wore fired, one of which took effect in Richardson’s thigh, but did not inflict a serious wound. Richardson declined to prosecute McFarland. The friends of Mr. Richardson state that there was no improper intimacy between him and Mrs. McFarland, but that the lady's husband, by his ill treatment had forced her to leaye hm and institute procceding for a separation, Mr. Richardson was merely acting as ber protector on tho way from the theatre. A motion was made in the Supreme Court, Chambers, yesterday,fin the cases of James A, Patterson vs. the Orange and Alexandria Ratiroad Company, and same vs, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad Company to strike out the answers as sham and irrelevant, and for jndg- ment on the ground of frivolousness. The actions wero brought on overdue coupons of those corporations. De- cision reserved. In the Supreme Court, Circuit, Part 3, an action was brought yesterday by Mary Hurley vs. John McLelland etal, proprictors of the Broadway and Twenty-third street line of stages, laying damages at $10,000 for inju- ries resulting from the alleged negligence of a driver of one of their stages, in running over the plaintiff in 1863. The jury found for the plaintiff in the sum of $1,000 damages. An action was brought yesterday iu the Supreme Court, Circuit, Part 1, by Wolf Benedict vs, Bernhard Wolf for alleged false arrost and imprisonment in March, 1966, laying damages at $2.000. The defendant, it is alleged, extorted from plaintiff $300 and a contract not to prosecute for false imprisonment as the conditions of his release, Case still on. The case of Morris Phelan, the milkman, indicted by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals for inhomanly torturing a large number of cows by keeping them in a badly ventilated and dark stable, was con- tinued yesterday before Justice Cornell at the City Hal! Police Court, Brooklyn. Some additional evidence for the defence was put in and the case adjourned until Saturday, when the arguments of counsel will be heard. The president, superintendent and attorney of the New York and Bremen Steamship line, together with a Sandy Hook pilot, have been held to bail in the sum of $1,000 each to anawer a charge of illegally rosisting the Marshal while executing a process against the steamship Baltic. Tho stock markei was firm yesterday. Gold closed at 134%. fhe steadiness of gold exerted a very favorable in- flucuce on the merchandise market yesterday, and there wss less depression than for some days. The movement im breadstuffs continued active, and prices again ad- vanced. Flour was 10c, a 150. better, with exceptional salos at an avanco of 15¢, to 250, Wheat was held frm at 3c, a Sc. advance, which checked sales, Corn was excited by the cable news and advanced 2c. a 4c, per bushel, closing about 1c. below the extreme prices paid. Pork was firmer, with more doing. Beef and lan ruled steady, with a fair demand. Freighte were quiet. Whiskey was unchanged. Naval stores were more active and firmer. Petroleam was more active. MISCELLANEOUS. Our Pacama correspondence to March 4, reports the prevalence of yellow fever at that port. Sixteen deaths from the disea-e had occurred on board the United States steamet Jamestown. The executive oficer, John Adams, died on Waahington’s birthday, and the paymaster and another officer were in a critical state. A letter to Minister Romero, dated La Providencia, Feb. 10, states that the French still occupied Acapulco. Gen. Diego Aivarez, with four thousand men well armed and equipped, had started to join the liberal forces in the valley of Mex ico, The Democratic State Convention of Rhode Island mot at Providence yesterday and nominated Lyman Pierce for Governor, and Gideon H. Durfee for Lieutenant Gov- ernor. Resolutions were passed denouncing frequent innovations upon the laws and trusting in the Jadiclary to shield the people from unwise and arbitrary acta, The Michigan Democratic State Convention met yee terday at Detroit, and nominated 8. M. Green for Chief Juntice of the Sapreme Court, and W. M. Ferry, Jr., and E. Weils for Regents of the University, Resolutions were passed declaring the Military “bill unconstitutional, arbitrary aod revolutionary. ij The East Baltimore Conference met at Frederick City on the 13th instant, and transacted a large amount of business, The lower branch of the Massachusetie Legislature ratified the constitutional amendmont yesterday, by a vote of 120 yeas to 20 nays, Two days previous to the vote Walker, the colored member, mode a long sprech denouncing the amendment. i A large and enthustastic meeting of Connoeticus democrats was heli at Middletown yesterday evening. Speeches were made by ¢éx-republicans, and the de. feat of the showman Barnur was declared certain. Our despatches from the Wost report the rivers as stil! rising and flooding the country in every direction. Great suffering existed along the Tennessee river in conse. quence, and the Mayor of Chattanooga bad been com. pelled to seize food for the starving. Twenty-five dead bodies were seen floating past Bridgeport, Ala In Arkansas the same terrible state of affairs existed. Twenty-seven lives were lost at Helena, Our Fredericksburg correspondent mentions a meeting vf negroce in that clty, at which the radical doctrines of Hunnicutt were denounced by « colored orator. Elsewhere is published the opipion of the United States Supreme Court in the New York tax cases, affirm. ing the right of the States to tax the shares of national banks and placing the highest judicial construction upon the National Bank act. Two prize fights are announced to come off in Call- fornia—one between Dooney Harris and Tommy Chand- ler, for $2,500 a side, and the other between Devine and Johnson, for $300 a side. Our Financial Situation—A Message from the President Wanted, President Jobnson has a better opportunity than he or any of his predecessors ever had to make a great name. The question of our financial situation is one of vast mag- nitude, and the country needs a states man to handle it, We see it looming up already above other questions, and in a short time it must become the paramount and absorbing one. If we mistake not the politi- cal agitation arising out of slavery, the negro and the war has nearly run its course. At all events Mr. Johnson can make nothing out of that. It has passed beyond him. All he has to"do in this matter is to faithfully execute the laws which have been passed in a constitu- tional manner, however much he may differ with those who made them. But on the new and great question of our financial affairs, upon which’ parties will be formed here- after, it is both his duty and policy to lay down a platform of sound principles and to point out the way of safety for the country. It is evident the President has begun to give this subject serious attention, The com- munication we published from the Citizen a few days ago, which was by authority, shows this. I is clear, too, that he has some correct views about our financial situation, though others are somewhat exaggerated and not very well defined. With his strong common sense and honest purpose he may by earnest application soon master the subject. True, it is a comprehensive and difficult one; but he has mapped out for him the experience of other nations, particularly of England, to guide him. The dangerous rocks and shoals upon wich other countries have split stand out prominently in history, warning us to avoid them. As the Presideat, then, sees the impor- tance of this financial question—sees that it is going to be soon the absorbing one in our public affairs—we advise him to call around him the ablest men of the country and to obtain all the light he can from those who have made it their study. Then let him lay before the people and Con- gress such a comprehensive and statesmanlike message as will arouse public attention, inspire confidence and lea¢to a solution of the diffi- culties that surround us. This is what the country wants just now, and the opportunity is a splendid one for Mr. Johnson. In treating the subject of our financial situa- tion we should begin by laying down certain fundamental principles. First, it is necessary that the legislation of Congress in all things relating to the matter should be of such a cha- racter as to inspire confidence in tke ability of the government to meet its siabilities and pay the national debt, and in the disposition of the people to bear taxation tor this purpose. We are convinced that the American people do not entertain for a moment the iden of repudiation, notwithstanding the rather gloomy forebodings of the President. Burdensome as the debt is they wish and intend to pay it. But there would be a limit to forbearance if the weight were to be made insupportable by reckless and extravagant legislation—by piling up one bur den upon another in the manner Congress has been doing for some time past. Nor will the people be content to have the debt perpetuated, as the debts of Great Britain and other monar- chical and aris'ocratical countries are; for they would not consent to pay in the way of interest for ail time to come an amount annually greater than the current expenditures of the government. They do not regard a national debt a blessing. National debts have proved a great curse to the industrious masses of European countries, though they may have benefited and sustained monarchical ins‘itu- tions and the aristocratic classes through the moueyed oligarchies they created; but the people of this country are wise enough to see that the perpetuation of a great national debt would be dangerous to our social and republi- can institutions. We must, therefore, make the debt as light as poasible and provide for its payment in order to establish confidence and avoid the possibility of repudiation. In order to attain this object Congress must aban- don its extravagant legislation in enormous bounty bills and other reckless measures, Unless there be a change from this extrava- gance to economy the people will lose confi- dence and chafe under the burdens imposed upon them, President Johnson should lay such views as these before the country and point out specifically where retrenchment can be made and economy practised. If he will do this and show at the same time the wasteful and reckless legislation of Congress the people everywhere will applaud him and rally to his support;§ for nothing arouses them more than that which touches their pockets; and, as we have said before, the financial question is going to be the absorbing one. One of the most urgent measures in the way of economy, as well as for the general interests of the industrious classes, would be the repeal of the National Bank act. The national banks are drawing twenty millions a year from the profits of their circulation, all of which the government could save and apply to the liquidation ot the debt. To accomplish this it is only necessary to withdraw the national bank currency, and in place of that issue legal tenders. Three hundred millions of the interest bearing bonds deposited by the banks for their circulation could be bought up by these legal tenders and cancelled. Instead of the banks receiving the profits on a circulating medium to which they have no right the government and people would receive them. That is all the difference. We should at the same time have @ bettér and a uniform currency. We call upon the President, therefore, to take up this important matter also in the message we recommend him to issue, Another and perfectly fair plan of lessening the burden of the national debt is to pay off the adcruing debt as it becomes due with legal tendess. The government could do this at the market value, the same as individuals. These legal tenders should be made convertible, at the option of the holder, into three per cent interest bearing bonds or consols. The volume of currency would not become excessive, be- cause as s00n a8 money became very abundant ot cheap it would find its way into these’ consols. Injustice would be done to fio ond, becnuse the action of individual holders of the secruing debt and of the legal tender cur- rency would be voluntary. The whole com- munity would be benefited at the same time, through ® reduction of the interest on the debt and their taxes, These measures, with the establishm ont of a permanent sinking fund and a modification of | to be judged by his words and by his writiig# our revenue laws so as to raise a sufficient reve- nue, at little cost, on a few articles of luxury and general use mainly, would lighten the burden of the debt very much and prevent any thonght of repudiation. The people would pay their taxcs cheerfully and have the happi- ness of seeing the debt reduced from year to year, with the prospect of its liquidation at no distant day. Will Mr. Jobnson take up the financial condition of the country with such views as these? If be should, he may depend upon the support of the people. If he should not, some one else will, and he will lose a splendid opportunity to immortalize his name; for the question is pressing and its solution inevitable. Rallronds and Telegraphs—Necessity of Gov- ernment Control. We recently called attention to the revolu- tion that is about to be effected in our present railroad and telegraph systems by the success of the pneumatic principle, as demonstrated in London, When it is established that a speed of from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles an hour can be obtained, with the most perfect safety and at a great reduction on the present cost of railway travelling, it is easy to see how it is going to disturb the interests embarked in the existing system of locomotion. Competition will be entirely out of the ques- tion, and the present railroad corporations will either have to abandon the field or unite their interests with those of the pneumatic lines, Although the telegraph companies may not be affected to the same extent it is evident that they must suffer considerably from the oppo- sition which the speed of transmission secured by the new principle will create. No one will pay an exorbitant price for an abbreviated and incorrectly worded message or document when he can have the original placed in his hands almost as soon as a telegram would reach him. But in considering the great changes that the pneumatic system must bring about we must not forget that the advantages which it offers us may be very much curtailed by the efforts of speculators and monopolists, unless we take care to guard against their interference. It will not do to let the control of a system which is destined to revolutionize the whole carrying tific of the country pass into the hands of corporations amenable to no re- sponsibility. Under our present railroad sys- tem the comfort, convenienc> and safety of the public are mutters of secondary con- sideration. No provision is made for com- pelling attention to the proper construction and maintenance of lines, to the regularity of travel or to the facilities of transmission from one road to the other. Built without system, managed without economy and serving merely to promote the in‘eresis of a few great capi- talists, it is no wonder that our railroads should neither give satisfaction to the public nor the great body of their stockholders, Whon, therefore, we undertake the reconstrnc- tion of the entire system, as the adoption of the pneumatic principle will compel us to do, we must take care that thes causes of com- plaint shall be guarded against and that tho change shall be one permanently beneficial to all concerned. In France railroads are so managed that there is but little chance for individual in- terests to interfere with those of the public. The supervision established by the govern- ment is extremely stiict, and no detail escapes its vigilant eye. In the first place, no new line is allowed to be undertaken unless it conforms to the general plan laid down by it. This secures uniformity and facility of transfer as well as economy in the arrangements of the different companies. Theu the estimates for construc- tion, the amount of capital paid up and the guarantees for the proper completion and maintenance of the road in good working order, have all to be submitted to and to be approved ofby the Minister of Public Works. The re- sult is that the French railroads are not only the best minaged, but the best paying in the world. It is a system of this kind which, without ‘n- terfering too much with private enterprise, would bring the whole of the railroads and telegraphs of the country under the control of & government department, managed by a eapa- ble minister, that would best satisfy the views and wishes o/ our people. We should then hear no more of badly invested ‘capital, of wasteful coniracts, of monopolies of sock or of wholesale railroad massacres, If these re- sults were not reached it would be the fault of the people at large ; for, the conirol of the whole system being in the hands of the govern- ment, the administration would be responsible to them for its shortcomings. At the elections questions of reform in connection with it would become of leading importance, and thus we should arrive gradually at the most perfectly managed and the most economical systems of locomotion and telegraphing that science and legislative wisdom can devise. Government Strength im the French Legisia- tare. The French Legislature is classed into three bodies, namely, the “right,” or government party (so called from sitting on the benches to the right of the speaker, Z’Orateur); the “left,” or opposition party, sitting to the left of the speaker; the “third party” (Hers parti), sitting as they please, who correspond with the independent members of the English Parlia. ment. The late debate in the Chamber shows the strength of the three parties, the government numbering some one hundred and eighty votes, the opposition twenty-five and the third party sixty-one--presuming that all the members were present. M. Jules Favre is the leading man of the opposition and a very able de- bater and speaker. From this it will be seen that even if the third party joined the oppo- sition on any question ihe two would» be largely outvoted bythe government side. Garibaldi on the Italian Elections. Garibaldi’s stirring address to tbe Italian people, published in the Heratp a few days since, on the present elections is censured by political men in Italy who seriously desire. to ‘consolidate the situation of the country. The ‘Natione exclaims:—“Woe to Garibaldi if he is. rather than by his actions, It would seem that he undertakes to destroy with his pen the results gained by hissword.” It is likely that Garibaldi is irritated by the success of the Pon- tifical government in negotiations with the Italian Envoy, Signor Torello, for which there is a sort of jubilation now going on at Rome in ecclesiastical circles. Political Morality in the United States. That any party organization seeking to be an influencing if not a ruling power in the State should have for its basis a system of prinoi- ples large, important and well defined is a truism whieh no one having any acquaintance with the character of party government will for a moment question. Nor is it less certain that in proportion as these principles are the offspring of a sound and healthy morality so is the party which is guided by them, and which, by devotion and self-sacrifice, labors for their final triumph, whether successful or not, entitled to the gratitude of their country- men and to the respect and admiration of the world. The statesmen who founded the’ American republic were noble examples of the qualifications to which we allude. They had a policy, @ sound, healthy, moral policy; and it is not the least of their many titles to the gratitude of posterity that they knew what that policy was and nobly worked it out. To the impetus which by their characters they gave to the infant republic we are indebted for not a little of that success of which we are so justly proud, When at the Pittsburg Convention in 1854 the great, republican organization took prac- tical shape and declared that it had for its object the extinction, within the limits of the Union, of those twin relics of barbarism, slavery and polygamy, it was felt by many that there now existed a party which was en- titled to public confidence and which would scareely fail of success if its avowed princi- ples were adhered to and its objects were wisely and faithfully pursued. That party has Jabored, but it has not labored in vain. It bas spent its strength, but it has not spent its strength for naught. After much toil and pain and sacrifice one of the twin relics of barbarism has been removed; and it requires buta fixed determination to insure the imme- diate removal of the other. Slavery is no more, and there is power enough in the hands of the government to destroy polygamy to- morrow. The republican party has thus been eminently successful, but it has been suc- cessful mainly because, ostensibly at least, it has been guided by certain great princi- ples. No one, in fact, looking impartially at the two great political parties which have ruled this country in recent years, can refuse to admit that failute or success has been de- termined chiefly, if not entirely, by the absence or the pregence of a high moral purpose. The democratic party fell because it had no such purpose; the republican party rose and triumphed because it had. .The history of this republic, therefore, but repeats and gives weight to the lesson otherwise and elsewhere taught, that ina free country no party, unless identified with great moral principles, can permanently hold the reins of the individual, the great public, as a rule, is sound and healthy at the core, and in spite of occasional irregularities is always found in the long run to beat responsive to truth. It for a time, but it cannot and will not be led by them always. It is « quesiion not without pertinence to the present time whether the republican party has not, in point of fact, accomplished its mission. any immediate intention to interfere with the peculiar inslituiions of Mormondom., A new platform is manifestly necessary. We must have a fresh enunciation of principles What is it that the republican party sets before itself as its objec: in‘ the future? This is a question which many will think certain present movements warrant them to put. It will be an unhappy thing for republicans themselves, abandon the principles by which that triumph principles hang somewhat loosely. T. Barnum as Congressional representative convince the world of the continuance of the high-toned morality and lotty purpose of the republican party? What will a man like John ‘Bright think of the prospects of a party which he has so much idolized and held up to the admiration of Englishmen when he sees it stoop'ng so low and allyiug itself with men who glory in their shame? What is there of high-toned morality, what of lofty. purpose, what of self sacrifice, in the story of the mer maid, in the story of Joice Heth and in the story of the woolly horse, even as they are told by Barnum himself? What is the moral of each of these tales? What bat this : that suc- cess in itself is justifiable, no matter how dis- graceful the means and how wretched the imposture by which that success is wont It the republican party would not lend a helping hand to set up successful swindling and deception as its standard of public worth throughout this great, free, and hitherto prosperous country, we bid it beware of euch unholy alliances. Russia om the Eastern Question. The Politik (Bohemian Gazette) contains an official letter on the Eastern question, ad- dressed by the government of St. Petersburg to the Servian Minister of Foreign Affairs. The following is the text:—“Russia is not at all disposed to adjourn the solution of the Eastern question. She does not wish to hear anything more said about conciliation between the Turks and Christians. Let the Christians obtain their freedom by force of arms, if they can. Rus- aia will ouly watch that foreign Powers do not interfere in this war between the Porte and its subjects; for if they did inter‘ere Russia would be forced to take up actively the de- fence of the Christians. Russia desires that ,Turkey-in-Europe be replaced by three federal States, namely, Serria, Roumania and Greece, with a central government at Constantinople.” This Russian programme has the great virtae of being intelligible. A Baton or Rar-roap Jove ww Tae Ledtsta- tone. We perocive that several city railroad schemes have been favorably reported on by the committee of the Assembly at Albany, namely, the Broadway and Lexington avenue, the Christopher street crosstown line, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street line, the Avenue © and the Spring t railroads, These are but a portion of different rail. roads which it is intended to impose upon us. There are more to come, It is supposed government, Whatever may be the faults of may be led by ufwise and unprincipled rulers Slavery is gone, and there is no evidence of whatever ils effect on the nation at large, if success in their case be found to have pro- duced its too common result, and if in the hour of their triumph they forget the means or was won. Indications certainly are not wanting to show that on some of them at leasi their What is meant, for example, by this Con- necticut nomination? Will the election of P. RP by people who are acquainted with the man{pa- lation of these railroad schemes that the inten- tion is to hook the whole together and secure & railroad on Broadway and a general cross, town line. In this way the axe grinders expect to carry the bill through. The Law and the Military Commanders over the South. The military commanders appointed by the President over the five military districts into which the ten outside rebel States are divided are as follows :—First district, Virginia, Gen- eral J. M. Schofield ; second, North and South Carolina, General D. E. Siekles ; third, Georgia, Florida and Alabama, General G. H. Thomas ; fourth, Mississippi and Arkansas, General B 0. . Ord ; fifth, Louisiana and Texas, General P. H. Sheridan. These are excellent appoint- ments; for not only are these officers men of superior administrative capabilities and approved loyalty and honesty, buteach in bis district has been tried and bas had the expe- rience already as the military commander therein which fully qualifies him to enter intel- ligently upon his larger responsibjlities in this new and comprehensive work of reconstruc- tion. In the next place, in these appointments President Johnson has manifested in the high- est degree his purpose to “see the law faith- fully executed,” and to avoid if possible any further conflict with Congress; because, if we are not mistaken, every one of these command- ers in his departmental duties or asa witness before Gongress has, to a greater or lem extent, come into conflict with Mr. Johnson and his policy in the course of the last two years. General Grant, we are assured, is and has been among the believers in this Con- gressional policy of Southern reconstruction, ° and while his recommendation of these officers is conclusive in their favor, the President’s adoption of them is the best evidence that could be asked in his behalf as the chief exeou- tive officer of the law. The supplemental bill now before the Senate providing the machinery of State reorganiza- tion will probably be passed in substantially its present shape before the end of the week. It provides for a registration of voters, whites and blacks, under an oath of loyalty, the rules for the election of a Stafe convention, &., and for the payment of all these incidental expenses—the military branch by the federal treasury, and the civil proceedings under the law by each State concerned. It provides, too, that all these elections shall be by ballot, the ubject being to probibit the viva voce system, under which bad men might intimidate or mark for future vengeance the voter- opposed to their ticket. It was under the viva voce system in Virginia, in 1855, that Henry A. Wise, the democratic candidate for Governor, broke down the great and alarming Know Nothing organization of that day. “Watch them,” said he, “when they come up to the polls and call out their vote, and you will know them hereafier.” Upon this hint Senator Trambull has acted in providing in this bill that these Southern elections shall be by ballot. Itis to be hoped that Congress will pass this supplementary bill in such a shape as to satisfy the people of the excluded States that in meet- ing its condition fairly with those of the gene- ral law of March 2 they will be restored to Congress. They naturally feel discouraged at their bad luck under the President's policy in having to do all their work over again, and therefore they need some positive assurances that in. meeting these new terms they are not to be disappointed in being rejected again by Congress, The Hon. Bon Butler and the Hen. Fernande Weed. In the House of Representatives the Hon. Fernando Wood and the Hon. Ben Butler were among the speakers against the proposed appropriation of a million of dollars for the relief of the starving people of the rebel States. Butler squarely opposed the appro- priation on the ground of his bitter personal animosities against those people; Wood op- posed it on constitutional scruples, He was of the opinion that Congress has no constitu- tional power to save poor women and chil- dren from starvation; for charity thus bestowed “trenches upon State rights. In this matter, wiile Butler makes himself odious, Wood makes himself ridiculous. Why did not Mr. Morrissey step in with the law and the facts and pat them down straight from the shoulder? We have had enough of Butler, Wood and Brooks to Inst for some time. We want to children of the South? Let us hear, Mr. More rissey. os Tho Fontans. The Fenians had a wonderful mass meeting in Union square on Wednesday night. In numbers present, in the pervading spirit of assemblage, in the drift of the speeches in the points of applause there was historian. There is good in this thing or there is mischief in it. What does it meant The ideas of belligerent rights in the matter of our late rebellion. But even upon this ground, from all the information that has reached us, we could not help the Fenians. Their risings in Ireland have not yet assumed the character of an organized rebellion, although many Fen! ans here believe that there isa general revolt and that the facts do not redch us through the cable. It is oven rumored that Sir Frederick Bruce, from Washington, has advised bis gov- ernment to send no news by the cable of the Fenians or the operations against them in Ire- land, for fear that it may result in another raid upon Canada. At all events the Fenian ex- citement of last summer is revived here, and it appears to be assuming a deeper and more de- liberate purpose. Of course the firat necessity and the first demand is money, and money, more cautiously, however, than it was poured in upon Fenian treasurers last summer, is coniing in again. But what will become of this money should itsoon appear, beyond any pos sibility of doubt, that the: revolutionary effort in Ireland for the present is suppressed? The money will be lost ; for who is to be called to account for it, and how? Tt strikes us thatthe true policy for our American Fenlans who have money to spare for Ireland’s liberation, and who are resolved to give it on the frst opportunity for action, iq first to be sure of this opportunity. The promises and flatteries of our blarneying eee