The New York Herald Newspaper, March 7, 1867, Page 4

4 The Irish Fenians Dispersed but Not Conquered. Excitement and Alarm Prevailing in the South of Ireland and English Naval Ports, Earl Carnarvon on the King- dom of Canada. The North American Confederation to be “ Greater than England and Second Only to Russia.” RUSSIAN POLICY IN THE EAST. Will Napoleon Intervene in Turkey? &. &e. &e. The new steamship City of Antwerp, of tho Inman line, Captain Mirehouse, which left Liverpool at noon on the 20th and Queenstown on the 2ist February, ar- rived at this port early yesterday morving, having ex- perienced very heavy weather during the greater part of the voyage. The City of Antwerp brings interesting details of our cable despatcbes to her.day of sailing. ‘The ex-rebe! cruiser Sumter foundered near the Dag- ger Bank. Since the collapse of the rebellion in tho South the Sumter, under the name of the Gibraltar, has been employed as a trading steamer by a Hull (Eng.) firma and was on a voyage from Helsingfors to Hull when she eprang a leak under her boilefs and sank gradually in smooth water. The crew made their escape. Pending the forma! opening of the Reform question in Parliament on the 25th of February, the opposition con- tented themselves by giving notices of questions, and intended resolutions on the subject. Tho London Star complains of the exaggerated courtesy with which the opposition treated the government as alike undeserved and if repaid. The Lonaon Times warns Mr. Disraeli that tho limits of indulgence have been strained already. He must decide on definitive measures and unambiguous pro- posals, ‘The London Herald, the Derby organ, does justice to Mr. Gladstone on his conduct since the opening of the session, and remarks that if the consideration of the Government bill is approached in this spirit by the oppo- sition, it ts almost a matter of ccrtainty that a legislative settlement of the Reform question will be arrived at. ‘The official presentation of the ‘Yellow Book”’ to the French Chambers was postponed. This delay is sald to have occurred in consequence of its being the desire of the Marquis de Moustier to add documents of a very re- cent date, showing that Turkey is disposed to adopt the Concihatory course towards Candia which has boen ro- commended by the Great Powors, ‘The “Yollow Book” contains a despatch addressed by the Marquis de Moustier,on tho 11th Decem)er, to the Count de Sartiges, French Minister at the Papal Court. ‘Tho despatch says:— ? “‘Nogd I point out all the security resulting to the tiflcial government from the engagement wiich has been contracted by King Victor Emanuel never to cross the frontiers of the Papal States himself, and to protect them ail attacks trom without even by force of arma, are convinced that the Cabinet of Florence, whose reiterated assurances scarcely permit of doubt, will faith- fully fuidt all we can expect from it” After counselling the Roman government to introduce reforms, the despatch concludes as follows :— Assure his Holiness that the withdrawal of the French troops by no means implies an abandonment of the im- portant interests which for seventeen years we lave guarded by our presence in Rome, and over which, whether far or near, we shall not cease to watch with the fullest devotion. ‘Tho French Council of Stato is said to have agreed upon the scheme for the reorganization of the army ‘upon the following basis:— ‘The military contingent to consist of 160,000 met divided into two classes, of which the one will serve five years in active service and four in the reserve, and the other four years in the reserve aud five in the National Guard. The statistics of thefFrench navy are thus given in the Yellow Book :— France has 1,540 vessels, lied by 92,206 horse power:—Iron-clad ships and frigates, 13, 12,600 horse power; do. corvette, 1, 500; do. guardship, 1, 500; iron- olad const batteries, 14, 2,475; do. for lakes and rivers, 11, 460; fast screw steam 11 2, 10,200; auxiliary screw do., reckoned transports, 23, 13,600; fast screw frigates, 18, 10,680; auxihary screw do. (transports), 6, 1,180; ‘paddle’ wheel do., 13, 6,140; do. corvettes, 8, 21720! screw do., 12, 4,970; do. despatch boats, 44, 6,045; Raddle do., $25,870; | wooden gunboats, 40 2,166; trou , ean be taken to pieces and conveyed over land or on board other ships, 25, 420; screw transports, including siable ships, 47, 11,500—total, 340, 92,106 horse power. France has augmented her fleet during the past year by three iron-clad frigates and one corvette, In the Chamber of Deputies in Paris two demands for leave to question the government were presented—one by M. Langainais, on the subject of the modifications introduced in the decree of the 24th November, and the other by Mf. Picard, relative to the circular of M. Vandal. These demands were to be examined by the bureaus under the new order. The death of the Archduke Stephen, of Austria, is apnounced. An imperial rescript, dated February 17, was read in both houses of the Hungarian Dict. It announces that ‘the Emperor of Austria assents to the demands embo- died in the Diet's Address of the 17th January jast reia- Give to tho reorganization of the army, and has ordered that the question be adjourned for parliamentary treat. ment. The rescript expresses the hope that the Diet wit! the more readily lend their support to the “pater- nal’ igtentions of the Emperor in this respect, from a consideration of the urgent necessity that exists for filling up the gaps in the different regiments,and entirely remodelling the military forces of the country. As far as the resulls of the elections for the North German Parliament are known, eighty-one conservativos, fifty-one liberals of different shades, eight clericals and @oven Poles have been (February 21) elected in the oid Provinces, and twenty-turee liberals, seventeen separat- iste and iwo Danes in the new provinces of Prussia, A vast majority of separatists have been elected iu Saxony and of national liberals im the other North German States. An income tax of four per cent is announced in Italy. Of Lord Naas’ Irish Tenant bill the Dublin Freeman says:— We hear nothing about leases in the statement of Lord Naas, and they witi be “conspicuous by their absence’’ ‘a the bili, Withoutthe security of @ lease, however it is to be accomplished, all other remedies will be abso- lute failures, The loan is nothing. It will not be taken wi and we may as woll telt the government so at once. hat the occupiers want is security by lease—the mini- mum term thirty-one years, All othor remedies will be ‘unavailing. According to a private telegram from Dresden the essential terms of the military convention between Prus- #ia and Faxony are:—Dresden shall be evacuated on the Ast of July by the Prussian troops, who will continue to occupy Leipsic, Bautzon and Kénigstein, The Saton army shall form the Twelfth army federal corps and shall remain in the country, The fortifications of Dresden bail not be increased, IRELAND. OUR DUBLIN CORRESPONDENCE, Pinte Fenian Ineurrection—-An Excited Still Dangerows dition of Affatrs—The Rebels Aided in Kerry—Disre. spect to the Queen’s Proclamation and the Soldiers Hissed—The Catholic Preta the Ourbreak—Sad Scenes in the Court—Stephen J. Meany’s Trial, &c. Denis, Feb. 20, 1807. ‘The Fenian risingy which created a perfect storm of extitement for a few days, has collapsed. It sprang np when least expected, and has as quickly crurobled into airy nothing, A few of the followers of O'vonnor are still hiding in the caves of the Killarney mountains, but the great boy hb succeeded in crossing the mountains, get'ing nto the district of the Biack Valley, and thence dispersing towards Oahirciveen and Dingle, Bands of military, BeUIH CRD AOD Ja ADD Wamlor dajlu over the bile | NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, MARCH 7, 1867.—TRIPLE SHEET. n search of the remaining fugitives, Magistrates ac» company the officers and endeavor to extract informa. tion, but with little result, the people not being willj ng. to give it, Notwithstanding ali these exertions they have not succeéded tn making a single capture. There is little reason to doubt that the Fenians have been supplied with food by some of the inbabitants of Killar. ney, and thus enabled to be concealed fm the caves and woods of the Lake district. Those who have visited Kil. larney will remember that there could scarcely be found & locality offering greater facilities for concealment. Toomies Mountain, now celebrated as the stronghold of the first Fenian force, rises from the border of the lower lake and ascends almost perpendicularly to a height of 2,400 feet. The side which overhangs the lake is thickly covered with arbutus, holly and variegated shrubs, com- pletely concealing numerous caves, which can only be reached by parties thoroughly acquainted with the moun- tain. O'Connor, with some hundreds of his followers, must have crossed this mountain, guided by persons conversant with its paths. It ia auid that some of the leaders of the movement have managed to get out of the country altogether by means of a small schooner, which has been lying off the coast for some days, Three gunboats are now stationed in Kenm are river, two war fngates are cruising round the coast, and light boats, carrying a few guns each, keep watch between Bantry and Dingle. Generai Hosford has declared his intention to crush out the movement if possible, Tho force under bis command hhas been increased by a squadron of lancers and some troops of the Fourteenth infantry, making a total of close on two thousand men, in addition to the local Police force, now available to pour on any district where disaffection may show itself, Five hundred soldiers occupy the principal hotel in Killarney. They lie down dressed, knapsacks under their heads, arms piled and haversacks slung, ready to move at bugle call, Otuer companies are billeted in mansions convenient to the mountains to be ready for exploring at daybreak. They are also distributed to Ken- mare, Killorglip, Cabirciveen, Sneem and districts whero the fugitives might be receivod. The great body of tye troops are concentrated at Mallow, a town about twenty miles from Cork. It communicates by one of the arterial railways of the country with Dub lin and the Curragh camp, and branch lines lead from it to the extreme south, also the southwestern and south. eastern districts, Within an hour hundreds of troops could be conveyed to any of these poiis, and reinforcements despaiched from Dublin. Thus it’ may be seen that any further attempt to stimulate a rising could be checked imme- diately. A sortof guerilla warfare might be kept up in ntain districts; bat, cut off from suppiies by nd sea, that would soon spend out its energy. ts little reason to doubt that but for the early information and protapt action of the government, the Jate demonstration would have been of a moro formida- ble character. The assistance whch has been afforded to tho fugitives and the uuconcealed feelings of disap- pointment show that expediency was more the restrain- ing power than loyalty. The placards of the prociama- tion of the county and the reward for 0’Connor, which were posted by the police, were torn down and com- pletely destroyed during the night. Yesterday a party of police, accompanied by a troop of lancers, marched through the county and posted fresh biils, The lancers were hissed as they passed through the town, and bad large stones flung at them, ‘Now that the first panic of fear has passed away and the exaggerated stories calmiy exawined, the whole atlair assumes rather a mild character as regards the ex- ploits of the Fenian party, Assaulting a few coast guard stations and police barracks, carrying off tho arms and ammunition, levying contributions of horses and provi- siong and scverely wounding an orderly, cutting tho tele. graph wires and attempting to overturn trains—these incidents in themselves would not justify the alarm of the House of Commons aud Lords were it not that they are the symptoms of the dangerous digcase. ‘There have been various reports of suspicious meetings held in other parts of Ireland, and numerous arrests have been made, but there has not been any demonstra- tion or responsive rising. The heads of the Roman Catholic Church have united with the government in denouncing the Fenian conspiracy. On Sunday last the Rev. Dr. Moriarty, Bishop of Kerry, in his sermon thus referred to it:— Since we met here on last Sunday some people in Kerry hare been betravod into an act of madness, which we may safely aay iy without a parallel in the annals of Iuaacy, have cousideriny should have thonght that, ig the spacious aceim- Modation afforded by our lunatic asylum, se Etorded: by our Board’ of gatarasen, “there wens fey 7 ners, dangerous lunatics yet at large m this county. But I am souy to. say 1 wus It, would seem thal dozens of that class left the town of: ‘on Wed day evening with the avowed inteul ‘making war on the Queen of England ‘snd of uy the ‘British empire. Lehink there is not one inmate of the aaylum who would ‘were only folly we might be: satisfied 10 deplore le bet these were only folly we eat peorle wvroanswerauts wo God for thet comsuce {or tney ee, Tegret tosay. sense cnongh to know what the; 8 ago since ral the wasa grevious crime. T explained at considerable pastor deep guiltiness of rebellion st Lawful authoriiy, so the: cannot plead that they were not instructed and torewarne They resisted the ordinance of God, and by so doing they uurehased for themselves damnation —* * *—the execra- le swindlers who care not to endanger the necks of the men who trust them—who care not how many are murdered by the rebel or hanged by the strong arm of the law, pro- vided they can get a supply of dollars either for ‘their pleasures or for their wauts. O God's heaviest curse—t1is witherlug, blasting, blighting curse 1s on them. 1 prenched to you last Sunday on the eternity of hell's torments. Human reason was Inclined to say, “It isa hard word, and who can bear it?” But when we logk down into the fathom. less depth of this infamy of the Mbads of the Fenian oon- splracy, we must acknowledge that eternity is not long enough’ nor hell hot enough to punish such miscreaats. During the delivery of this discourse numbers of young mon left the chapel, Cardinal Cullen, at the Lord Mayor's inauguration din- ner Inst evening, ‘hoped the day would soon arrive when those things which degrade the country and lead her peopie into false positions might be soot anaes False patriotism was degradation and might to ruin, Within tho last few days it was pla: that the patriotism to which he alluded ought tobe Prghibiced by every one who loved hia country.”” A most distressing scene took place in the Commission Court on the occasion of sentencing the prisoners who pleaded guilty to tho charge of treason felony. Baron Fitzgerald, in passing sentence, sald:—Power, ou have been at the head of this conspiracy in Dublin, You assumed to yourself the power of appointing cen- tres, and was actively engngaged in the dis- tribution of arms, You, Devoy, was centre for the military and a in seducing them from their _allegianc.. he sentence, penal servitude for fifteen years. Sinclair, Batnes, Stack, Staniey and Brown, for tem years each. Cashman and Walth seven years, horror struck with the severity of the sentences. Pow- ers’ face assumed a deadly hue; Baines burst into tears, ‘The galleries were filled with thetr wives and children and other relatives, Their screams and sobs were vio- lent, Some became quite hysterical, otvers fainted and had to be carried away insensibie, ell, Joyner and Wilhams were sentenced to twelve months tmprisonment: each for possession of arms without a license. Stepven J. Meaney was brought before Baron Hughes. The At- torney General prosecuted. Jobn Devany and Thomas Doyie proved tue connection of Meaney with the Bro- therhood in New York, baving beard him speak at Clin- ton Rail and seen him offer Feman bonds for sale. After hearing all the evidence tendered by the Crown, the Judge requested to know what act had been proved that brought the prisoner within the jurisdiction of the court. the Attorney Generat contended that, al. though no act was proved in this country,’ yet as be had proved the existence of a conspiracy to depose the Queor, acts tending to the same done out- side the United Kingdom should convict, His lordship was of a diferent opinion, and refused to pass sentence. He, however, accopied a verdict of guilty, and put back the prisoner till he should farther examine into the case, ‘The action brought by Captain Murphy against Colonel Fielding and Major Bacon for ‘legal imprisonment has, by mutual agreement, been arranged by defendants pay- ing the sum of £100 damages, James Steph@is Near the Scene. Denusx, Feb. 21, 1867. A telogram just received from Killarney announces the report that James Stephens aud soiue friends have got iu by Dingle Bay, and are secreted in the neighborhood. OUR CORK CORRESPONDENCE. fidence Partially Restored—Extraordinary Movement of the Police in Dingle, &c. Conk, Feb. 21, 1867, Accoun's from the scene of the Fenian outbrdak repre. sent the insurgents flying in every direction from the Justice which surely awaits them if arrested. The au- thorities are determined to use strong moagures to extin- guish the last embers of rebettion, and bodies of military have been despatched to scour the country and shoot down those who are in arma, Up to the present no en- gagemont has taken place between the Fenians and government troops; and it 18 not kely that any collision will take piace between the parties if it can be avoided by the format. _. le The rumors which have been circulated up to the present are of the most conflicting and unreliable character, It has now been ascertained with some degree of trath that the force of the Fenian band, instead of being nine handred, had not reached more than from one hundted to one hundred and fifty strong. This feeble and abortive attempt to effect the independonce of Ireiand and overthrow the British empire may be well laughed at, and must fiustrate how idle the bor of Stephens when he declared that he could bring two hundred thousand well disciplined men into the field. The latest particulars which have come to hand from Kerry, which bas been made the base of operations by the Fenians, I beg to append:— The policoman Duggan, wo had been shot by a party of Fenians, was stated to be ih a precarious state, and slight hopes were enterta: of his recovery, The coolness and bravery displayed wy Dugrat ate the sib. ject of comptimentary réfersaée in Parllamenw® and the Romau Catholic clergyman who attended. him and gave inte \igence to the polies of a wetahboritig police station of the danger that waa iminivent regatding the Febians 4 hag also covelved ucla eomyandabic praia Lt ip lal Rmaceasetitt DoT ZR eo tee RS isnown that the man who Gred at the policeman belonged to.a body of thirty insurgents who were passed by sev: ‘eral om the road leading from Cahirciyeen to Kelorglix. The man described to be at the head of that sunall party does pot answer the description of General O'Connor, who was supposed to be the assassin; besides jnforma- mation has reached government that the general was leading another division in another direction of the country. It is said on good authority that Stephens is in the midst of the insurgents, and that government is taking steps to secure his capture. On Monday iast a number of Dublin detectives arrived In Killarney, avd rumor bas it that they have been sent down there for the purpose of hunting up the chief, Although the information as to this fact comes from a good source, it is yet generally believed that Stephens is no more in county Kerry than be ts in Mountjoy prison, theif ‘movements, and rej are being ‘The military are still busy in the most ridiculous and cont ports: received in Killarney. From Wedesday up to this day large bodies of troops have been located at or about the ‘Toomies mountains, and night and day the bugle call 1s sounded in the streets of Killarney, and reliefs for the wearied sentinels on the hillside march out from the town. Friday evening the Sixtieth rifles lett the town to pursue the Feulans, who were reported to be retreat- ing across the mountains to Kenmare, The movement was considered to put the finale to the insurrection in Kerry, and soon after rumors reached the town that the famous sharpshooter? were jing off the Fenians rap- idly. No sooner, however, this , gained cireu- lation than the alarming intelli arrived that the Rifles had been beguiled by their opponents into one of the deep ravines which intersect the mountains. One account was to the effect that they had teen roughly han- died and forced to retrea! ; another that they disarmed the Rifles and gave no AS soon as these reports had considerable commotion was observed among the military in the town. At the bugle call they assem- bled in the street, and cars being provided numbers of them drove off through the town at arapid pace. After a lengthened and anxious suspense,the news arrived that the insurgents had advanced meet the rein- forcement sent out, that desultory firing was carried on, and that there were on both sides, and that cach force of belligerents had taken In the midst of the excitement which this intelligence caused tho shrill bugle blast again sounded through the streets, vebicies were again brought into requisition, aud more troops despatched to the scene of battle. The people watched, with "bated breath, these movements, and every one seemed to have the abstracted air of persons trying to hear the rattle of musketry afar off. All these rumors proved canards. No engagement whatever took place between the volunteers and the insurgents. In fact, only a few—about a dozen—of the latter wore seen onthe mountain. They showed themselves suddenly, apd as suddenty disappeared in the rocky recesses. The truth, jadging from their movements up to this, seems, indeed, to be that the same mystery marks the procee: ings of the Fenians in the c senate; and, where sich mystery exists, the same vague and groundless reports will’ be’ circulated as have been from the beginning. If one were to credit the informa- tion obtainable from official sources, the insurrection has been of an insignificant character, and that the extraor dinary display of military strength made by the govern: ment was done with the charitable view of showing the insurgents the futility of their attempt. Tho great excitement which followed the news of the rising has considerably abated, and the prevailing opinion is that now that it is almost crushed no attempt at a renewal of it will be made. Several arre-ts have been made through the country, and on the 19th instant a number of men were arrested on board the Holyhead and Liverpool steamers. Two arrests of passengers by the steamers arriving at Cork from English ports have also been made. According to latest advices over thirty men have been arrested at Cahurciveen, and yesterday a man named Fitzgerald was returned for trial to the assizes as among the altackers at Rell’s Coast Guard station. Tweuty Fenians, armed, passed a place called Mill- town, on ihe evening of the 19th, and were supposed to be a portion of seventy under the command of O'Connor. The sixty concealed above Lake Cara aro making for the coast. As I wnte Killarney ia etated to be perfectly tranquil, but the troops are sill stationed there, and the same vigilance is exercised to prevent a Fenian mustering on the mountain. A correspondent writing from Dingle narrates the following ‘incident, which, if true, betrays the most wanton and unjustifiable conduct:— ‘The inhabitants of this town were thrown into, the great. est consternation by the marching through the different atreets of a large police force, under the command of Sub- Ins Gupin, The men were armed with the breech. loading ride, and marched in military array through the town as far as the western extremity of the strand, near the seashore. When they had marched lo the outskirta of the town, and on the pul Toad, Mr. Gilpin had them through their drill !or some twenty minutes or so. On their return, and on entering the town, Mr. Gilpin gave the order Phecrr ancora aud oy enn an 7 | lower Green street the pat up a regu! fustlade. Ou tel arrival at the lower oa the Gilpin gave the “to balt;” and a Minute’or two again gave the order to 6 fusilade was resumed and kept u Main street. nod from thence through constabulary barracks. ‘They fired at hand side. As ¢ natn be supposed, such «on unusual Giptay ofan arated forte taueod greet excicencul QUR ST. PETERSBURG CORRESPONDENCE, The Allied Policy in the East—Non-Interven- tion inn of the Czar and a Free Field tor with Prince Gortechakof and ry Adventure—The Greek Minister to the United States and His First Acquaintance with the Turks, &c. ‘Sr. Pererasvna, Feb. 12, 1867, ‘Tho Queen of England, in her speech from the throne at the opening of Parliament, announces that England, with her allies, France and Russia, had agreed upon a policy of nop-intervention in the Turkisb-Christian affairs in the East, As I wrote you some time since, this proposition was made by his Majesty the Emperor of Russia, and mot with a very prompt and satiafactory ac- ceptance by England, but from France nothing of adefinite Fesponse could be elicited. The negotiations were car- ried on by the Russian Ambassador at Paris with energy and skill, but for atime promised to bear no fruits, France, he was assured, bad no intention of engaging actively in the contest; she was for peace. Her Expo- sition was @ suffictont guarantee of hor desires and intentions to refrain from any act thet should or could produce further complications in Europe, and her whole energies were to be bent in making the World’s Fair a complete success, All this was very fine, but, under the present lights, by no means reassuring to any of the Powers interested in the Eastern question. Finally, the negotiations being persevered in, and the whole ground being again thoroughly discussed, France suddenly changed her policy and gave her adherence to the proposal of Russia ‘The point gained is a very important one. Tt guaran- tees the Christlans in Europe a free field, which is all their friends desire, and ensures no interference of a gteat Power in the moment of success to snatch from their hands the victory they expect to gain. No Power would seem to have a deeper interest in the Christian cause than Russia, and her proposition toremain a pas- sive spectator of a struggle in which the sympathies of the entire nation go out to thelr coreligionists, showed conclusively that she had no intention of reaping any direct benefit from the disruption of the Turkish empire. Say what you may, Russia does not want the Darda- nelles nor Constantinople, She has quite as much terri- tory as she can for many gencrations to come populate and develop. Look at her immense posscssions and then say it would be wise for her to stretch out her hand and seize the Turkish capital. ‘When, in 1529, Gen, Mouravief, with a Russian army, was within twenty-four hours march of Constantinople, he desired permission to move on and capture the city; but in response to this request the Emperor Nicholas, after a scoret council of the empire, in which but one member advocated that measure and eleven opposed, wrote General Mouravief that he could see nothing to b gained to Russia by taking Constantinople, It would be positively detrimental to her best interests, and he prayed that none of his successors would be so unwise as to atiempt an act so pernicious to the woll being of the empire, Then, nota single nation, except England, was likely to interfere to prevent Russia from seizing the Dardanelles. France was favorable, aud Prussia and Aus tria were content that it should be done, That wise and statesmanlike policy of the Emperor Nicholas bas not been swerved from by bis noble successor, Alexandor IL. and it is pot likely to be. But while Russia does not wish to have a foothold on the Dardanelles, she is equatly fixed in her determination never to permit any Other Power to obtain it, To prevent this ehe will Sacrifice hor last man and last. tuble, She desires that the rightful owners of the soil should possess it. These sho believes, as all just thinking persons beileve, to be the Christians, ¢ twelve million of Christian inhabitants, and not the t#3 wrilion of Mussalmon under whose yoke they have 0 long ctoaned. In short, Russia wishes the Christian yule the country they live in and not any foreign Powef whatever, Once free from Mahom- edan yoke there is 29 reason to doubt their capacity to govern their country with | ay and skill, develop its resources and finaliy pla be in the highest rank of mote eofar as she may, and she with civilized nations, This will be Runsl coy Me cefully all her ends by maintaising good neishbor- Rood witty the near communities wilhoot the dangers | parations have been and burdens that an active participation im the contest ‘would nawurally impose. 1 have, been always of the opi Jes; ig orate obtain Covstantinop! Dardanell Tam now satisied on evidence that I cannot doubt that such & policy bas not been entertained for the past thirty years. It is not now thoughtof, | am and y desire that is din every class is that the Christian popalation showia rule there, id that Ruasin does not go, She will be satisied notbing else aud asks for nothing more. Every mail brings us additional confirmation of the reports of an immediave outbreak im the provinces of Servia, Bulgaria, Moniencgro, Thesaaly, Mt and the othor Tarkis) possessions in Kurope. authorities are using every means ta their power, threats, promises, coereten aud others, to prevent the catas- bropley bas aii sa yan, Tuo plana are all fixed, the pre- , G ; & i a i heris nearly com appointed, and no Mussulmaa power ean now stop the tremendous revolution which “must the cross {rom the continent of Europe. There willbe this. time no detached, disconnected, premature risings, but the whole scheme wilt be carried out with a unity of action and a singleness of purpose never before at- tained. The favorite Ouoman policy of crushing in de- ‘tail will not serve on this occasion, The Turks, not the revolutionists, will be whipped in detachments, Never before were the Varistians #0 well armed, equipped and organized as to-day, and the Turks will find in them the same noble and wonderlul spirit, courage and fortitude that they have encountered in Crete the past year and among the Greeks in the jast revolution. The contest will be a bloody and perhaps a prolonged one, but we cannot doubt the result. ‘The opening of spring will be the signal of the general outbreak, and we may then anticipate a very lively time in the East, where the struggle will be confined, unless France should, in an evil hour, change her policy and ingerv Then, how may we set boundaries to the war? It is believed here that Napoleon will loyally ad and the is t observe his pledge during the comiag summer, but where he may be found the next year no one pretends to know, but all have a strong suspicion—if we may judge from the immense pre; jons for war geing on ail over Europe. But let him remain @ non-interven- tionist this year and the Eastern problem will work out ‘ae and ail will be weil. e embansy is still here encaged in nego- tiating # ¢l ein the existing treaties between Russia and Japan, ey do not seem to create mr.ch excite- ment here and are not greatly lionized. I heard from first hand, the other day, a funny account of their first interview with Prince Gortschakoff, which has created some amusement here. They waited on his Excellency the Vice Chancellor of tho Empire in state, accompauied by their Interpreters. After tne usual forms of intro- duction were com| Princ» Gortschakoff said that be was. happy to see the embassy and hoped that they would tind their etay here agreeable. The Prince somebody, the head of the embassy, re- sponded that they were glad to meet his Excel and that they cherished the hope that he would be ready to allow all the points at issue between the Tycoon and the Em . ‘Ah,’? gaid Prince Gortschacoff, in his most genial and potished manner, ‘‘ you may rely upon me to arrange all matters and further your dosires as quickly as Je. * But,” responded the Ji ‘Ambassa- dor, “you will certainly accede to all the points the Tycoon has ordered us to make” ‘I certainly cannot mate such a promise in advance, but you may rely on every concession that the interests of Russia and justice will allow,” said the Vice Chancellor, ‘It iseasy for you to give way,’’ remarked the Ambassador, ‘“ for you have not the same fate awaiting you as we have, if wo fail. If we fail in obtaining what the Tycoon sent us for, we shall be compelied tocnt open our bowels, on our return,’ and as he said this, in a melancholy tone of voice, he mechanically placed bis hand on his short aword and sighed. ‘This skilful diplomatic way of putting the matter was not lost upon Prince Gortschakoff, who promptly assured the predestined victim of hari-kari that he should do all in his power to avoid such a sad termination of the em- baasy, but, added he, “I must not cut open tue bowels of my mother, Russia! That you cannot expect.” The conversation then turned upon other matters, and the Japanese seemad to feel greatly relieved by the very kind and friend)y reception his Excellency gave them. Since then the Japanese Prin as presented the Vice Chancellor with two swords, one designating his rank, the other, a short affair, to be employed in the pleasing aud profitable hari-kari if he should deom it necessary. It ts understood that the embassy will next proceed to the United States to negotiate a new treaty. It is to be hoped that they will carry an abundant supply of short swords for the politicians of that turbulent country, as they aro greatly needed at present in the lower House. T heard yesterday an anecdote of General Kasergis, ww Greek Minister to the United States, who has ai layed a prominent part in the affairs of Greece since his boyhood. in the battle as well as in the council of state. During the Greek revolution his father, a distinguished leader, commanded a lit'le band of patriots holding the Acropolis in Athens, Among them was the grandfather of the present general, bis uncle, cousins and, I believe, brothers. Inde: entire family was gathered at that last gal'ant stand. ‘The garrison consisted of less than four hundred men, and weak as it was it defended the fort agatnst over twenty thousand Turks, under the cruel Ibrim Pacha, Finally, after a long and bloody contest, when the gar- rison Was reduced to fifty orsixty men, it fell by an assault, and about forty of the remaining defenders feli into the Turkish handa, and among them the prosent general, then about fifteen or sixteen years of age. By order of the Pacha the prisoners were at onco sought out and ed in a line, the tallest on the right and the vomhrul Reversi on the left. Ibrim Pacha, a powerful man, then drew his famous Damas- ae knew well how repre from ig use, and quietly proceeded to execute the prisoners by his own hand, So skilled and powerfal was he that he was able to decapitate a man at one blow with the greatest facility. So for some time he wiclded this ter- Bible sseengt snd cw.00 the heata.ct te palire mambee prisoners, among whom avas the'father present general'and an uncle. On reaching the youthful pris- oner be atopped tis horrid work fot a moment and eyed his raisod his cimetar and whirled it as if boy, stood arent th them pee. alae pon Log! his life was spared. Subsequently the white sl were piled up ia the form of a pyramid, and left to bieach in the sun. More than ten years after they were seen in Athena, on the spot where tho gallant defence was made, 2 memo- rial of the barbarous cruelty of the Turks and the cour- ageous devotion of the patriots This story may appear a little romantic, but I am assured by @ geutioman who knows the Genoral well, = to wnom he narrated this account, that it is literally e. During the recent severe weather more than twenty isvostchecks were frozen to death in the city of St. Pe- tersburg. Several soldiers were found frozen stiff at their and oven horses died in the streets from the terrible goverity of the weather. In the interior of Russia the thermometer registered fifty-eight degrees below zero, and great suffering ensued among travellera, The cold was greater than has been experienced for yoars. NORTH AMERICAN CONFEDERATION. Lord Derby’s “Most Important” Bill—Earl Carnarvon’s Speech on the Colonial Situa- tion and Future—A “Compromise” Federa- the Most Solid and Enduring—The Ki dom of Canada may become (ireater than England—Second ouly to Russin—Parl Rus- sel and Lord Monck on the Crisis, &ec. In the House of Lords on the 19th of February*the Eart of Carnarvon said:—Iin asking your lordships to give a second reading to this bill—ons of the most tm- portant, and, I venture to think, one of the wisest measures introduced for a great many years into Par- hament by the Colonial Minister of thw country—I must beg n by asiciug the forbearance and kindness ot your lordshipa. And, fortunately, this is a question which can hardly be called one of political conflict, for T may appeal almost as confidently to the sympathy of noble lords on the opposie side of the House as of those with whom I am in the habit of acting. I wish at the ontset of my remarks to take this opportunity of bearing my testimony to the great ability, zeat and vizi- tance with which the right honorable gentleman, my in office, Mr, Cardwell, labored to bring this matter to a eatistactory conclusion. From the evideaces which I have received of the deep interest that he takes tn the subject I ain satisfied, though it hus fatien to my Jot to propose this measure, that po one will more sin- cerely rejoice than himseif at the fact of its having been recommended to Parliament. 1 do not think I need de- tain the House with aay Jong recapitulation of the his- tory of this subject. eo question of Confederation, in ‘one shape or another, has been before the public for forty years. The first attempt made at_ that early period fell through. In the year 1853 Sir @. Head, thon Gov- ernor General of Canada, announced in a speech to the Canadian Parliament} this great privciple of confedera- tion. But difficalties intervened, and only as recently as 1864 the representatives from the maritime provinces took up a distinct line of action. “Farther detays arose, and after frequent communications between the diferent overnments it was only iu the autumn of last year that lolegates from the several provinces came to Engignd to negotiate with her Majesty's ont as to the frame of this bill, These negotiations have now happily been completed, and the bill embodies not only the Fesome. tions on which the scheme was based, but the rogults of the deliberations with the delegates. I would there- fore ask your lordships not to regard this measure merely in the light of an agreement between parties; it must be looked upon as in the nature of a com- pact, The bill commences by rociting that it is the desire of these parties to be incorporated and confederated, and proceeds to invest her Majesty with all executive powers. Almost the first proposition in the bill relates to the appointment of the Governor Ge1 he is to be appointed by and re- sponsible to the crown, and is, I may say, almost the oniy direct tie that connects the confederation with the mother country. It is an office of great dignity, and your lordships will see that the salary is to be not less than £10,000, payable out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada. The next provision retates to the ap- pointment of lieutenant governors. Several of the viuces are now governed by administrators avpointed by the crown; when this confederation takes place these officers will be pointed by the Governor General. While holding their offices they will be removable only for cause shown, and, under ordinary circum: their tenure of office will be flye years. I come now to the question of legislatures, There wil! be, first of all, @ central and general Partiament; and, secondly, local legisiature in each province. Tho Central Parlias ment will consist of two chambers, the upper house to bo styled the Fouad a Soe in affectionate re- mem!) c@ of passages in English history, is to be called the House of Commons, One of the orvhloon hardest of solution in the creation of colonial legisiatures is the composition of the upper house, Generally your lord- ships’ House is adopted as the model, and’ yet, with every intention and desire on the part of the framers, that mode! has proved ineffeetual to secure the object in view. The hereditary title to legisinte, the ioe Property, the great personal wealth that longs to many of its members, the respect in which the decisions of this house itself are heid, both in the present day and by immemorial preseriptive usage—all these ele- ments aré absolutely wanting to Senates that may be created in the colonies. But though it may be impos- sible to provide an upper house exactly comedy Lords, in Hee the characteristics of the Houre of pract fs found that an upper chamber cannot be dispensed with, Otherwise there would be only one house to ini; tiate and carry logisiation, subject to all the rash and sudden impuises of popular feelin all the frequent rofeut storie Of” pasion. Fee privciptes oboald and vi ho ki ily in view in the composttion of an upper samba “the dst 5 ye pate OE eae « any naw nu Z ts not to make 4 in be Enpenareble toany popular sentiment. Your ips will 008 BO far the ‘constitution provided in the bili complies with con- ditions, It lg oropgsed that the uover house, oF nearly the’ in the galler tion wie ¥ exowe and of [geventg-two members, summoned General, of whom Upper Canada ~twenty-four, twenty-four, two northern provinces, Nova Scotia eee and sl ew Brunswick, twelve each, AS the mem- will be appointed for life, the House will form an element of great strength to the constitu- tion. Ip the event, however, of continued between members of the Sage, and lower honses, the Crown is to have power, on the advice of the Governor Goneral, to add six members to the House, two of whom ry come frome neck of the Aarenhiscieies bat in.s0se a. ould be made, it wil necessary fran Mente up Vacancies until the House has been reduced to seventy-two members; still the crown. nav appoint other additional members on the recommenda- tiom of the Governor General above the number seventys two, but in no case shall the Senate number more (han seventy. members, It may be thought that an addi Pe na will not be aioe lore over & ; butit must be remembere: we do not depend wholly upon these supplementary appointments; we may reasonably expect a o?r- tain mumber of vacancies by each ‘ear, I have had a return made to show what vacancles ave occurred in the existing Legislature, and I find that during the six years from, 1856 to 1862 seventeen vacan- cies have occurred, showing an average of three In each year, As it 1s to be presumed the vacancies in the pro- Senate will occur at least to the same extent, since the Senators wit! all b> men of somewhat advanced age, the ordinary changes in the House will be amply sufli- cient to meet all’contingencies, The qualifieations of a Senator are to be that he shall be Toe add the Queen, either by birth or naturalized by act of Parliament either here or in the Canadian provinces; he must be thirty years of and possess freehold Propet valued above his debts an rersitte age, st $4,000, over and and he must a resident in the province for which is appointed. Then there are certain which require a member of the Senate circumstances to vacate his seat; thus, if be fail to at- tend in his place for two consecutive sessions, or if he become a citizen of another Power, or be adjudzed bank- rupt, or be convicted of telony crime, or lose his ty or residential quali , in each of these cases his seat shal! become vacant and a Gene! mombers, including Speaker, shall form a quorum; the Speaker sball be ap- pointed from among the Senators by the Governor Gen- eral; and, following the mnt of lordship's House, if the Senate be divided im equal numbers on a question, the assumption shall be that the nogative pre- vails, Now, T come to the constitution of the lowor house or House of Commons, The principle which has guided us in constituting the upper house is to insure the representation and protection of British interests; the principle upon which the lower house has beer, consti tuted is representation by population. Tho lower house or other more shall number one hundred and eighty-one members, of whom Upper Canada shall fur- nish eighty-two, Lower Canada sixty-five, Nova Scotia nineteen and New Brunswick fifteen. Then provision is made for the readjustment of the repreaen- tation to correspond with watever changes take place in the relative population of the provinces. wer Canada shail have the fixed number of sixty-five mem- bers, and each of the other federal divisions shall have that number of members which shal! bear the same proportion toits population as sixty-five bears to the population of Lower Canada, The representation shall be readjusted on the completion of each decennial cen- sus. Of course this periodical readjustment may lead toa large increase tothe number of members of the lower house. It is that the House of Com- mons last for five years, which, we think, would answer better than septennial Parliaments, and I find that it will also accord with the actual practice with reference to the Parliament here. From the accession of George I. our Parliaments have lasted on ap average for five a half years, and since the accession of her Majesty they have lasted on an average for three and a quarter years. Your lordships will also find that the bill con- tains ‘provisions for amending the local Legisia- ture of the provinces; but upon this point. I need not trouble your lordships. I should, however, observe that no alteration is made by the bill in the Législature of Nova =cotia or New Brunswick. We have thought it desirable to reserve to the local Legislature as ample @ measure as possible of local action and self govern- ment, of munictpal liberty and freedom, 80 as to enable them proporly to discharge those duties which fall to their share. Indeed, you have an illustration of this in some of our other colonies at the present momenf, In Aus- tralia, for instance, there ts a tendency towards. disinte- gration, as there is in other large colonies, because those who live at the extremities naturally object to having their affairs managed by a central authority many hun- ‘ips will see that we have dred miles away. Your loi adopted four different heads classifying our distribu- tion of power. First of all, there are those sul which are placed under the control of the Colonial Partia- trusted to the man- hirdly, those which aro subjects of concurrent legislation; and fourthi: those which are dealt with excoptionally. the bead of the Colonial P! those , Such asthe trode and Other questions, such as agriculture, immigration and placed under the bead of concurrent cannot help feeling that the tocal works classed under. two hi “One includes such 8, hs and ferries, in which the whole community are interested, and the other includes such works as are bs he Boe oa Legislature, exceptional legislation, I just as there exists among oursel ‘strong = differ ences of opinion and feelings betwoen diferent parts of the colonies, These differences we have svught fo compromise, and the Roman Catholic minority in Upper Canada, the nada, and the Roman Catholic minority in the mar.time provinces will ail be plaved upon an equal footing. The several ee have Esher J to surrendor all their rights to ped beh briomangi yA reserve to themselves @ right of rai taxes. The 1 governmen' theretore, is to remit to them cortaln pro : ton of ne produce of the indirect taxes to enable them to defray the expenses of their own defence. The position of the public creditor will be greatly im; because he will have the s-curity of the United Provinces instead of & single province. The question of the colonial railways 1s my Shinn i should hi to enter upon evening, seeing that on Tuesdi next I shall have another opportunity of ‘oadvenalinn you upon this subject, but I mav say that every suc- cessive government since Lord Grey was Secretary for the Colonies has more or less been committed to some promise of direct encouragement to these works. This: question is regarded as a very essential one by the inbab- ‘ants of the maritime provinces, Another v: impor- tant point isthe administration of the great ugh. fares now under the control of Great Britain. Lam fully alive to the importance of some out entered into with reference to the Hi Bay pany; bat it would be oniv a waste of your tordships’ time to enter upon that subject until the question of the confederation is disposed of. As soon as !is latter ques- Uon has been determined we may enter into commen!- cation with the proper quarters, and. bring about a satis factory settlement of that mogt im ib subject. Lasuy, I may state to your lordstips q! is to be the name and designation of this new State. This quedimn may seem to some to be a trifl but to me it appears to be one of importance, There have beep, as your lordships will doubie less imagine, innumerabic suggestions offered upon this point. The detegates of the various provinces them- selves suggested that the name of the new State should be Canada. The matter having been submited to her Majesty she was Cie yA T cannot doubt, most wisely pleased to approve designation of the united provinces, In future, therefore, the names of the <epa- rate provinces will disappear, and the whole will be known as Canada. T must ee high sense ation of this point that the confed plated was intended to include the wi American provi and al th that proposal has not boon carried tpto I at in time Prince Ed- ward Island, British Columbia, Newfoundiand and Van- couver’s Island will coufederation. [have now one through fm outline the general divisions of this bill, But I should not fulfil my duty wore I not 10 advert to some ot Se objections whic! regard to the Proposed your lordships what I regard as satisfactory and con- clusive answers to those objections, In the first place it is objected that this is not to be @ legislative union agreed to by the various provinces. In common with mauy leading colonial gentiemen I should have been glad if the union between the provinces had been closer than it fs now proposed to make it, but a cioser union ‘would not have been sanctioned by the provinces at the present time. Tho maritime provinces were un- willis independence in the jor ‘anada had also ancestral tradi- tions of long established usage which she was unwilling to resign, It was also suggested that the peculiar form of the constitution of the confede- ration might give offence to the American government; but it would be an insult to the good fecling and good sense of that country to entertain such a notion for a moment. Weare also told that the confederation has resulted from the quarrels between Upper and Lower Canada; but for my part I believe that the differences between these colonies have beon greatly exaggerated, ‘The noble lord, who now became almost wholly audible '~ ‘eeded to say there was another objec- ad been made, It was snid that the com- merciel policy of Canada was protectionist, while that of the otl A alge) was a liberal policy; and that the effect, therefore, of Cavada entering into this union would ‘be to overbear the comparatively trade policy of the this objection proceeded on an other rovinees. Now, itapertect Knvwiedge of the fucka The trava was, Canada herscif was not so wholly protectionist as many supposed. On the contrary, she was very nearly divided in her es fey, the balance being rather in favor of free trade so oh ol aoe @ last twelve months the taritf of undergone @ very material change. first place, the materials of manufactures adm! free; on jally manufactured articles, wootlen, and » Principally affecting the exports fom 9" bd —— a og reduced from and twenty-iive cent the defletcncy ‘had ‘beat made good ear the addition of a stamp id; on sugar it was che been reduced sixty per duty ~ Ie ib was TO SA I to or 4 ber commercial tariff to that expenditure would be necessary, and he did not. apprehend any difficulty whatever on the part of Can- ada. There had been a great deal of misunderstanding and some misrepresentation on that subject. The Cana- dians had not been backward in the matter of expendi~ ture. Much bad been done in the way of increasing the military strength of that colony. Camps had beeg ‘ formed and cadets had been receiving instruction at th hands of competent officers, In 1864 the mili 8: penditure was $300,000; in 1865 it was nearly $900,000 but last year it had risen to upwards of $2,000,000, ‘so that it was approaching £500,000. It had been said by some persons ‘that the idea’ of de- fending Canada and New Brunswick ought to be given up; that we ought to concentrate our strength on the peninsula of Nova Scotia, and convert into a second Gibraltar. Now, not to adduce apy other argu- ments against that. Breporition, was it not evident that if Canada and New Brunswick were destroyed it would be impossible to defend Nova Scotia? It appeared to him that the consolidation of those provinces would prove a means of making them much more contented than they were likely to if they re colonies. A stimulus would be given to de- velopment and to education when the consolidation place. Just as the circle of public opinion was narrowed and constitutional government was restricted,in the i t) jon was there the risk of disturbance. It was said that a federation only afforded a looso and : feeble tie. Certainly this was not true in every case. He admitted that certain condwions were in that a federative = mont aliould be 4 those States which wore so akin that they coult united and cones ee could not be made Sounded on a fe be; U was mt excluively ». The central authority was in ? the British crown, aud this was a security against the collisions which might take plac between separate ' States when the ceuiral authority was vested a, 4 States as a sorayined baton. ‘There had been four 4 rations—two ths passed to country, oF poe ee with the United States, he did not we be wise to resist that desire, But as the colonies stood by us, as long as think i it they lool connection with this countrys and the institut they enjoyed under Ber rule, as among their blessings, it was our duty to encourage that ng to promote it to the utmost of our power. It was that this country derived m0 pecuniary benefits the colonies; for, with a wise and F rapaatons | policy, thi country bad conferred on them institutt had confided to their own bands the distribution of their revenues and the management of their local Besides this, we had undertaken almost the enti doo of ir defence. But the time had now come when it must be clearly understood that change in the modes of locomotion had so altered the ition of British North America that, oven if we had the will, we had no longer the means, singic-banded, to defend it.’ The colonies, however, were now willing to co- operate with us, aud, as long as we retained our naval superiority at sea, those who attacked the provinces would do so at great Tt was uscless conceal {rom ourselves that the of United “tates had greatly altered of late, A {i ago the Amertvan army consisted only of some tei sand men; now they had an enormous and well lined forow. Some account, therefore, of what dono and what was capable of being done in one of oar North Atnerican provinces might not be Testing. No one was more sensible than himself Serious disadvantages of a war with Amorica ; could deplore more than he did the miseriss such a war were calculated to entail ; and could look with greater interest on the institutions of thes conniey ce, Ganettyin & hiebet senne. <b halateatte ness and resources, It was to be tted that Nova Scotia had not — heartily into this scheme of con- federation, bat, the contrary, bad sent this country to oppose it. Earl Kvsseut—I cannot remain & subject of such interest as thi: your lordships. The measures it will facilitate commercial relations with Stotes; Jor when our North ee ee are wniled together it will be far easier for them to come to agreemnts with the United ves than it is at present, without a mm had, Their ability to defend be greatiy increased by having a single aut head to provide for any emergency wh wise weigh with force upon a T must say, in supporting this bill, these provinces redounds greatly to the I believe that in 1760, when country by capit from its inhabitants was not more ib Hi i i rit! i 5s is] L i i i i E 5 i = 8 i g E i 8 ut rai igite Halt Se our country. (Hear.) Lord Monck expressed would permit him to Aan A i Fi 3 i a | ‘ Bll tional point of view. Tt unwarrantably as that to union. sxprelsion of opinion which had come bh? ig tndividvale The Legisiature of fin ube Le res of the other zi se those gi the table. ova Sooua, to anything, meant that the to the decision of Beets it they amounted qui should be snbjected peopte, representatives, a instead of ite being determined by the people's cuch a demand, to his mi betrayed it ignorance, not LA the principles of the Brit. constitution, but _— seen, We Age which ait jamentary govern) was fount was, per- to remind their jordsbips that in tix overntpent man Was aceus: opinion on mattore at which adeci-ion povolae sisttions was LJ noth ‘the management of “thetr aflairs ond they soutd pace’ reiancs rm lance ‘hem. But ere not dbal- ment in the abstract, they tish constitution, which pro. teating the opinions of the coun. ible ministers would for instance. to dissolve e