Subscribers enjoy higher page view limit, downloads, and exclusive features.
4 NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1867.-TRIPLE SHEET. —~S Benjamin Mot, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, pistol shot of arm, of iB Jones. Marine Hospital, Now Orloans, La, contuslow ‘a Haskins, Marine Hospital, Now Orleans, La., pistol Li Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, Druises | Lee} Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, bruise oe ay NEW ORLEANS BI07 <ception contained therein , os specially pardvaed by the with an oath “No, sir; none of you can getout here | are givéa’ by fir. Albert Mhrsud, Assistant Surgeon jive; he had a formed apparently of & | United ref Army. rough piece of wood three inches wide, one Dr, Hartsull was examined by the committee and pro-- inch thick and threo feet long; as I attempted | duced and verified the report made by him to General he struck at me with his board, but I | Baird His report is as follows: — going through the door I met a policeman Nuw Onteans, La, August 13, hes. Gun Lhave the honor to furaish the following sum: ing down slairs passed two other police- | mary of tiicl aed waunded iu the Trot July 30, 186 negro * p breed tn any of the artistes o t be allowed to vote, prevailirig opinion of all Of us, especially of ‘those “who were known (to be Union men; about the fib attempt, as I said, the police held posses- winch, thie proclamation, without | 0B Of the doors of the Institute; Governor Hana went as authority, out first; [ was goieg with him, when a policeman + d. ut the city of New Orieans. this | pointed bis revolver at me and eald “stop ;"" Governor Tih duy of ‘A. D. 1896, wad of the Independence of the | Hatin went out aod I was kept out in this way; I did not Juited Buutes tho ulnetysfiret, ape Governor Habn again watt I saw bim in the lock up J. MADISON WELLS. z ee, see at the station bo.tse; L#hould state that the Rev. Mr. apt returns will be made of sald election'to the Becre- Reports of the Congressioval N.C. Saurus, . : i Horton called out, while he was waving a handkerchief; and were knocking him down the stairs with reo, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La. in- luvestigating Committee. It ts in evidence before the commities, and we find | «stop dring; we surrender; we make no resistance,” | thetr policemen’s clubs, pounding bim over the 4 ey oi tharos pe WP vcectet utes teteens, the fact to be that the only action: contemplated at the | hilo Le was thus emtroating them he was shot in the | at the same time bogging that they would spare him; ‘ot wound right arm and ‘hattd entusion teft site. snd —_— meeting of July 30 was tho ascertaimment ofticially of | arm; afterwards the Rev. Me, Horton went out with a | they did uot turn their attention to me; as I arrived on Feature of head by club, Died cant, 1866, existing vacancies, and if @ quorur of members should | white handkerchief as a flag of truce, and Mr. O'Connell | tho second floor I was seized by two citizens; one of wen Reams, Hoap ita Row » La., Prac ATED THE DISTURBANCE, | sppenr it was proposed to postpone all further action | at another time wont ous with bis bandkerchief as a flag | them was a “rough’’—one of the low order of Irishmen, tape, severe. WHO INSTI ADAP until such vacanc'es should be: filied, and the writs of | of truce; at another time bir. Alfred Shaw andertook to | Lshouid think; the other was what appeared to be one tcl ved Charity Hospital, New Orleans, La., gun- election for the choice of members from unrepresented | go out with a white hawdkerobief as a flag of truco; | of the chivalry—a well dressed person of middle age; loney, varity Hosphal, Now Orth La. re ~ districis'should be comphed. with and the whole State | hon I wanted to leave the ball a policeman pointed they both seized me by tbe collar and commenced strik- 8) anshot wound of thigh, or represented. These elections were ordered to be held on | revoiver at me first, buf after a time seized me by the | ingme with their fists in the face; I shook thom off illd si Se Rokk, 1901 ‘etresk, Hew Orleans, La., pistol abot lo} a0} 7h A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE ARPAIR, | 25.24 (’%ck simMimost. gine whole State being repre, | arm and called to's policeman on the other site Lo come without apy serious injury, at least to myself, and went rent Sy iv . r icemen....... J. W. . z sented it was then intended to consider certain articles | and take charge of me; T would tre apd mention that the | on cers ihe dot = on the steps aoe White citizens, éi fa a fl fal of ror nr Common street, Now Orleans, La. con in amendment of the constitation and bave them sub- | whole action of the and co operating im; [hada be = “ - 4 ts &o, &e. &e. mitted to the whole. people for their action. ‘with them ‘was of! tho'mions brotal harscior;, nous Kkerohief in my band, and held it up; Itwas in my | ” Belloved by me Killed and wounded, of whom T could not caren Keenan, 0 Lafayette street, New Orleans, La, grove Sona the constitution thus amended was | but men accustomed to acts of blood could be | right band and heid up when I met thie policeman on t absolute facts—Killed (colored), 10; wounded (colored), ‘otal Diok New Ovisans, La, shot in the to be to Congress, guilty of such bru ; when the policemea | the steps; I asked him to arrest me and protect me; his Very “Walaa titenas santos bok usa | . MAJORITY REPORT ari Senza, tis proposed action by the convention | got to theidoor eaah time, they commenced fring, At | reply win, “You, dame you, 1 will give 08 | Cronos Lax A Ak Oe Fgeon U. ; Selth, 2b New Lavee, Mew Orleans, La, shot tm the ° was the subjectof warm discussion among certain por- | one time I saw a colored man down and pray to go | proteotion,’’ drawing out a large revolver, CORONER'S REPORT. "Per Wisner al Prat Loves New Orleans, La. oem taees sviing wPenaches tre woe fmt erence | Sa” dakar’ eee anes | Seat ide eked vente Secrest | pi Sh Me aren cama | eon ea ee ere ist saw men ul me on 7 nite: i ol Hi . Mr. Blot and Mr. Shellabarger, being « majority of 18° | aioas and threals of violence made. It is not believed |. shot in’ rn lig oleae abd stunned me for the. time being: the blow did not | line: J oalorea. tivoniy-ight years * cised wound of henge” HoWtal, New Orioans, La, n oleot committee to investigate matters connected with | that the mere tact of asee.ubling tho convention would |. gut provocation out the esh at all, for I had on « thick plated straw | eet ee eine oavol ball ta the brain. | woeth oC Race cet Teak tommital, New Orleans, 1a., pinot the Now Orleans massacre of July 30, 1868, and to report | have occasioned disturbance, but the ultimate purposes called hat, and my hair'at the time was quite thick, bat it | Sng®colared). twenty-eight yonrs, 6 pistol ball oy gt eon auch logalative action as the condition of affairs inthe | Bets Yggtrmmental in is assembling, wore feared and | [wei nye miteite tary oer See ee eons | Up as wel Sef raed egored uf snot alice, Hees into ang tie sts of fi irae Bf pind garb aro ate cat. net Suate of Louisiane required, submit the following r®- ) denounced, Si a wp miitary | 26,708, Mil escape from ‘hore alle. Hc | man in the middio of tho street, and asked him a3 wel Cenas (whieh treaty. tro pistol ball which cut’ the ofriead and tas eer." : ao _ conventi was initiated 'Y | beliove was made directly to Mr. Fish, who was t as I cou considerably confused by effects | carotid ‘on the right side. v. Mr. Jackson, Calliope street, New Orleans, La., . 7 Ou the 6th day of December, 1868, the House of Bap- sedan. Teed adopved & consitulon which, nad bean | wo got out. I the paicemen outside ‘indy ot the blow {had received, Pat, Thad not gnite got te | pista bal fu the right fang’ aad goversl wosnds talicid ou | "“Gosrye Mowe, ene New Ofoans, a. Gauies @ ‘ im when wap rer A » La, rescuiativen pageedisbe feoning resciction:. | Wamen was within the control of federal arms, and had | revolvers towards was not more than three oF f ay FT he foregolog fen lis of ine nedies on which I nove made |,°%G!'w, staaffor, No.$7 Magastoe street, New Orleans, La, wie osesomenitia ‘it uet. roceed tp peony em. vi ——- nae agar ropped Psy | 1s , did not 6 effect; I darted from one > ju es Jobe cogears ot that duty. Notice was | contusion.. Orleans nin the State of Loutslans, to make sa investigation, er ae pear pare ove, pee poms = im, pcan on poll rad Or see re fh oe Gov Brassed A on aloe att ae oes, requiring me to = Wapies, with Judge Waples, New Orleans, La. contu- aan a ane onecieiase the inet of duly ena Geet ot | by the military authority from whom it proceeded, until ail tris imert cob oor thee Being’ co thoven tt were ‘of twenty-two negroes who were killed in the lot of |" M- Duffoy, Hotel Dieu, New Orleans, La, contusion. pla tke’ should 6 A July 30 inst. deputy, Mr. 8. Barthe, delay, com- | ©. B. H. Duplesais, No. 252 Johnson street, between ber ‘Anguat i368, ana patitlariy to inquire ino ogee js Geemneetienid arsive eh by: the: setae: of Consrves an Irregular musketry firing; It sounded to me like the | jlied, and found the tweuty-iwo bedier onclowed in foling, | racks and hospital, New Orleans, La., guishot wound of eens in te tuamcal ate Re erik hectelanslise hee) Acne Jr second iring of @ company as have heard it on the } Around which a tol fro bad been it for inst | face and pA ed apeed an ‘ded r . b “nearechd prone oe near pee - battle be gg had no very distinct idea of what was ne ee tines san permeation. of he: " Note soutary Kugene Sties. 236 St Philiv street, New Orleans, La, ter of the property desiroyed, and’ whether and to whatex- | Poe, tanya might be. recalled ae grovidiod for ta, going on, ‘but I tnd I heard | person wae found on the spot to Identify the z and, «8 | sukle George 48 Montogut atreet, New ‘Orleans, La., pistol shot of Fight arm; policeman. ‘William Larmbias, 183 Magazine street, New Orleans, La, pistol shot of left leg: policeman. > James Bi 9 Spain street, New Orleans, La., stabbed in the right hand; policeman, William fieard, —- —-, New Orleans, La,, pistol shot of ag bands iceman. i. Old Megarine street, New Orleans, La., gunshot wound of left shoulder, left forearm and right side. Dr. corner Poyefarre and Magazine streets, New Or- leans, La., pistol wound of hand and ovntused wound of side, Revere. Licutenant Smith, —— —-, New Orleans, La. pistol wound of right arm. J. M. Leclere, 147 Dauphin street, New Orleans, La., deep were by members resolution of adjournment, the time within which such Ezsaaion caring fo be te foverntjent of Lguslans, and servecoamey could be being left indefinite by re 0 facts louse; e oh tive acti be i “ Tu abies condliion of aftaite in the Blattok Loclazns. | unguage of Judge, Howell ‘hy the edmission of, the raised -fours joved Da gh gine pe ge ie. . Og ag ~—_ the workhouse contained a population of four bundred and Moen {could but this { might have doae atativly; 1 facet in the presouce Se a jury whe found ther the twess way Com! m street fore apy a | ty-two persons in had come to death shots would artusr tne and take me im chasge; thea Twas ar- | sac aisouings dose dering the rint of duly Bh IiGer tone rested by a man only partially in policeman’s clotting; | ™ost obedient servant, ¥ he had on a policeman’s coat, bat had not the hat; he | Gyonce Les, A.A. A.G @ DELERY, Coroner. told me that he was an extra policeman, that came out Me? Bi} when the alarm was given; he went a little way, as far | john Mass, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., contusions pa ge ager ber Feces hopes caghhergg og tA juhilet Loulong, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., eon- poe nigger, Pica on a oi - of a — aon i Marine Hospital. New Orleans, La., contu- damned Yankee;” such expressions as these I heard, | Ann Jackson, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., contu- tt the charge of me sald, No, Ged damn you, he will not; wi e charge rou’? on eo Wal own On the 10th of December the committee was appointed. | condition would be established and the usual forms of | stairs the policeman whom I had told who I ~— when They entered upon their daties on the following day, | State action become possible and lar.”? about three ateps down, took hold of me with his left and proceeded to examine parents, citisens of isi- It wag understood that two subjects of vital interest | hand, swung his club around and struck me on the head. ana then residing for the time at ington, and con- | would call for discussion and decision—both of them | I thought 1 was done for; but I felt that to succumb tinued their labors here until the 15th of December. On | affect the election from ——,one in limitation of the | was death, and I endeavored to bear up, although the the 22d of December the éxamination of witnesses was | right of applying to certain classes of rebeis who bad | blow stunned me, I cannot tell how many times I was resumed at New Orleans, and was closed in that city on | waged war against the government and one Leg oe struck after that; I was struck many times, At the the 8d of January, 1867; it was resumed at Washington | the right so as to enfranchise citizens who had been | bottom of the steps, as I came into the street, { was mot on the 15th of January, and finally closed on the 2d of | dumng the rebellion at all times loyal to the Unio: by tive or six parties, each of whom struck at me, some cut over lett eye; contusions of Febraary. but who had been disqualified as voters by reason of | with staves and others with pieces of chairs; but no | anda great many others of like import; this policeman, | "I9"* 2 - Tho whole number of witnesses examincd is ono hun- | their African desoont. It was the apprehension that | low mas like that I received. from the policeman as | oF fireman, called another to his necatinaa; cpa the tes spaines Sumereritie. Macine Hospital, Hew Orleans, Le, | (Oeaih open. tie ehh meee, tee Loree dred and -seven, of which one hundred and fifty- | amendmems of the State constitution in these respects | was passing down the steps, I can only characterize | together ssemed to make great exertions to keep the Alexander Taylor, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., in- L. J. P. Capla, corner Barracks and St. Cioud streets, nine were bel the committee at New Orleans. Of | would be recommended by the convention and finally | the whole treatment as the most fiendish conduct I evor | crowd off til! I got to the police station; I went through | cised woune of head. * New Orleat 4., incised wound over left these forty-seven were examined at the request of the | ratified by the people, which created popular excite- | knew. Althouch I have been bere twenty-one yoars as | Common streot to Carondelet, and up Lafayette to ‘he Adam White, Marine Hospital, New Oricans, La., fracture Aifred Capla, corner Barracks and St. C Citizens of that city. ment. @ practising physician, I never imagined that such | first district station; whon I arrived there I was much | Of leg, #evore | aia Selgans 224 pistal shat depirey ing «lett ep ‘There bas been no occasion during our national history Obviously, no such amendments could be proposed for | things could happen. No man uot accustomed to doeds | exhausted fram exertion and loss of blood; I stated to chill Smith, Marine Hospital, New Orieans, Le., tonta- ‘Manuel Carne, 218 Dumaine street, New Orleans, La., in- where a riot has occurred 0 destitute of justifiable cause, | discussion in convention until a quorum of ite members resalting in a massacre so inhuman and fiendlike as tbat | should assemble, and the proof before the committee which took place at New Oricans on the 30th of July last. | is ample that no intention existed to take any action The character and position of the gentlemen, members | even then until after the elections had been held and of the convention whicn had originally assembled in | delegates chosen from unrepresented districts. This 1864, who were the subjects of the attack, in common | time could not arrive until after the 3d of September, with the unoffending negroes, whose political condition, | but it was deemed safer by the parties who were op- ciaims and rights it was their ultimate purpose to con- | posed to the agitation or discussion of either of these sider and determine, give to the events of July signifi- | questions to interrupt at once the proposed conven- cance and national importance. tion, The massacre was begun and finished in midday, and The riot and massacre of citizens, members of the such proofs of preparation were disclosed that we are | convention and others, white and colored, occurred at constrained to say that an intention existing some- | and near the hall of the Mechanio’s Institute, on Dryades where to disperse and to slaughter the members of the | stroet, commencing on Canal street, at or near the corner convention and those persons, white and black, who | of Burgundy street, between eleven and twelve o’clock, were present and were friendly to its purposes, was | on the morning of July 30. mercilessly carried into full effect, What parties had It is difficult to give in their trae order a narrative of formed tbat iniention, and what other persons know- | events as they occurred between that time and the time ingly or unwittingly co-operated with or aided them, | when the convention had been dispersed, and the last the committee has endeavored to ascertain. murders in and around the hall had been commitied and The direct cause of the riots, which resulted in the | the military arrived upon the ground. This was at about massacre of several members of the ention and in | three o'clock in the afternoon. the slaughter of many citizens of Louisiana, was the The firat shot was fired in the street at a procession of reassembling of that convention, pursuant to a call made | colored men who were on their way to the Institute, by Hon. R. Howell, acting as President tempore. | Tois was a procession of frends of the convention. Thi The convention of 1864 had been held on the first Mon- | had a drum before them and a United States flag, whic! day of Aprilim that year, in pursuance of a prociama- | they were carrying to the hall. Many of them had canes tion issued by Major Genoral N. P. Banka while in com- | and walking sticks, but were otherwise unarmed. The mand of the Department of the Gulf. That portion of | procession was joined on its march by many who fell the proclamation which related to the convention is as | into the ranks with their working clothes on. They follows :— entered upon Canal street from Burgundy In order that the organic !aw of the State may be madeto | and soon after reaching Canal stroot a conform to the will of the people and harmonize with the | hoy shoved one of the negroes in th spirit of the age, as well as to maintain and preserve the | 2s he shoved him the colored man of blood could have been so fiendish in his conduct. After escaping from the blows heaped upon me a pistol was fired, the ball passing through my fingers, and T discovered when T was afew yards from the Institute that I had beon stabbed in the region of the heart. Q How did you discover it? A. By the biood; I did not know when I was atabbed; I presume that when I was struck four or five blows ‘was stabbed at the same time, and that the reason why I was not seriously injured was that in trying to dodge the blow the knife glanced off, and went on the external side of he rib; when I got to the corner of Common and Dryades, @ young druggist whom I knew called out, ‘Here is Dr. Hire, the great abolitionist ;"’ upon which a set was made on me from behind; I was driven into the gutter; when the policeman let go of me I fell with my head against the stones in the gutter, and I thought I certainly should be finished then; I was nauseated, sick and weak from the loss of blood; I was taken to the lockup at the station house, The account given by Mr. Stephen 8. Fish, an intelli- ent witness not a member of the convention, is as fol- lows :— On the 30th, before twelve o'clock, the hour for the meeting, I was at the Institute, sitting there a few minutes conversing with different members of the con- vention and with others who were their friends who hap- pened to be present, and then went away back to my cised wound of head; punctured wound of back; extensive contusions of head and face. Jules Lavater, corner Claiborne and St. Ann streets, New. Orleans, La., extensive contusions of head; pistol wound of ont seine; Pistol shot of left knee; incised: wound of left shoulder, Martio Self, 260 St. Philip street, New Orleans, La., pistol shot in breast, ball remaini mg: pistol shot in right hip, ball remaining, and pistol shot of back. Rock, 199 St, Cloud street, New Orleans, La., pistol shot of head; extensive contusions, Captain C, Loup, -— —, New Orloans, La., stabbed ta the abdomeni> killed. Otlieial copy: GEORGE LEE, Acting Assistant Adjutant General New Onumans, La., Dec. 37, 1868. Hranguantxns Durarrwest or Louisiana, New Onixans La., August 4, 1680, Sin—The commanding general desires a little explana of the difference existing in, the report of the number of Police wounded on the 30th ultimo, as given in your report (ten) and as stated by the chief of police (about twenty- two). He desires to be informed what circumstances have come to your kuowledge tending so greatly to diminish the number given by the a authorities. ease 7 by bearer. respect! ur obedient servan’ OF TY, CAMARE, Brevet Caplain'A. D.C. Asst. Surgeon A. Uarrsurr, U.S. A. ‘Hospital. GEORGE LEK, A. A. AG Senawick Guxxnat Husritay. ¢ Gerxnvitix, La., August 14. U Respecifully returued. Tailed on tie Chief of Police and obtained u list of the names of wounded policemen. which E “believe was twenty-two. I then visited the several men wounded at ees, and some of the twenty- two 1 found were not injured, and others were on duty. ‘The day tollowing the riot, I found only ten injured. A. HARTSUFF, Assistant Surgeon U.S. A. Grorar Le, A. A. sion of head. * tho man at the desk, in policeman’a uniform, | “Wiftan ttimn, Marine Hospital, Now Ori a o sbork “stout man, Ghat wen very. wonks | anne grimy marine Hospital, Wow Orlonns, Ta, olesol and begged him to send me wherever Iwas to go to; |" Stephen Johnson, Marine Hospital.” New Orleans, La, ine “You will be weaker before you get through with this,?? | cised wound of scalp, gunshot wound of head, severe, said he, very gravely; aiter some delay he sent mie Sino Ply Te ir ter apg ‘New Orleans, La., frace a back’cell, the southweat corner cell on the lower floor it ayers, of the station: there wore one or two persons in the cell | go vanes Syshington, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., when I got there; other persons who were in tho hall | “Henry Nichols, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol when I got there were soon brought in; Mr. Jackson and | shot of neck. Mr. Horton were Cag brought in; Mr. Horton was par- ate Chester. Marine. | Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol tially conscious when be was first brought in; he begged | *b° 8 ‘ moto take him to the Carro'lton depot, that ho might a eta oni eorgeehr gahbe pede er et get home; I told him I could not do moge than he; soon William Bloom, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., frac- Mr. Waters, a member of the convention, was brought | ture of occipital bone. severe. in, and a number of others who were in the ball when I | |, William Harris, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, gun- went away; [bad, with the assistance of some persons lung. Died Augus 1m there, got upon a shelf in the cell and lay ‘there, and le, vere Marine Hospital, New Orleans, 1.a., fracture of got my coat off; Mr, Waters took off his undershirt an kifiah Sralth, i i Wetted {t; I hed to wash the blood off to cool my head; | wor ua np nitts Marine Hospital, New Orleans, Le., pistol how long I remained here Tdo not know; Mr, Horton | | John Domingo, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., incised soon after came in and an to ly, ame ve | wound o: ip, severe. deen informed never had his senses aftorwards; I never sat ae Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol saw him after I was taken from the call. Se ee es tionatsnl, Mow Ovlouwn 1a. Mr. J, D, O'Connell, who was in the hall during a part | wound of ete esccbarr aren iat sealp. Peter Crocker, 1, Ort " of the time, gives « clear narrative of what he saw. (ne ‘acu Ree ah Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., incised statement in his testimony is very important. While : the murders were being committed by the police, Mr. |-wAiired Mayo. hy od Hospital, New Orleans, La,, gunshot ‘Con! severe. O'Connell says:—There waa no hope, however, that the | “ick Hobart, Marine ti aoc ec ‘ military would arrive soon, and sngaetied that we bar- | wound of leg. jarine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol ricade the hall and hold it until the military should Gill Pecko, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., contusion come; it was the only chance we had; I succeeded in | bead. + + Ne Las 5 petting the chats plaved against the doors; the doors, | , fark Mayayas, Marine Hospital Now, Orleans, La..con however, opened into the lobby, and the fastenings out- pore Sn Hospital, New Orleans, La., contusion of head. Died At cient iandmarks of civil and religious hberty, lection side were vory soon torn off; wo had no protection except i yust 1, 1866. fact oe logon 0 ye ey ee ine conataae a he ereas a vie cebee fy ey mtg wd, Ti mind seemed to | the chairs, aud thoy constituted very little, as it was | Unknown, Marine Ticeplial, New Orleans, La, gunshot A i —— rd — ae reggae a benls of representation,” the number Gf delogates ‘and the and ‘waa “‘Gred ai the proteesion?” this carman was a them; the police made ~! rine Hospital, New Orlean: man ores Oonas—a medical student or young physi- ; hall, when those inside jon fw, Tet pistol shot | Cron ‘and he was Killed, as it appears in proof, by acol- Unknown, of left lung: severe. sicnomas Buse, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., eontu- ws, ares ah aad eohemany aire ctsed wound of backs severe, enn New wiiine ti See 2 Lisle, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, contu- forearm. - Henry Kobtneon, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pis- announced in futare orders. oung man, then and afterwards employed as a special ‘appears that hav- Saoers Nis pane wes ‘Anthony Elmore; some contusion ing-assembied on the 6th of 1864, it.coutinued its | was occasioned by this affair, and one of the colored men Sessions until the 26th of July, w! it adjourned “‘sub- | was arrested; ‘but the procession moved Een Dag Tle einen Among tho last pro- | institute; at and near the door of the hall there wasa dent, and not by any of the friends of the convention. ton m were wounded, and none of them severcly, and no one of them was slain. If the convention had armed, or if the citizeos.bad been called upon in advance to come to protect. and defend the convention, this could not have becn the case, This riotous attack upon the convention with its terrt- Die results of massncre and murder was not an accident, convention the following resolutions were | renewal of tho disturbance, and some shots were fired by i Iv0d, conve: police, in were Reso! That when this tion ad: it shall be atthe call of the President, whose duty ft shall be to recon. en by ens ae ‘a the convention for any cause, or in jose the constitu- At twelve o’ vention was called order tion should net be ratifiel. for the perpose of taking ‘such | 80d twenty-six members answered to their names. 4 ation of a HE Unknown, Marine tal, New Ofleans, La., contusions meusui ‘be neces for the ivil | prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Horton, and a recess was | that front 3 ‘It was the determined purpose of tho Mayor ot the city eoermeet Ife the, BialGat Lepiciaaa’ Lieeuell aa: td | oatead te cactietae Reeaaeeuaden ae axmmareeeT Cente 1 the Poet “{Unksows, Marine Hospital, New Onieats, La:, ce wusion | of New Orleans to break up this convention by armed case, call upon the proper officers of the State to cause | sent.membors who wore within the city, of left knoe'and side. that may exist in | Soon after the recess was ordered other shots were heard Coenen oh Marine ‘Hospital. New Orleans, Le., Pe There contusions ef head and fracture of condyles of left knee, Givert Rey Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., in- Henry Murray, ‘Hospital, New Orleans, La., trac. Hts friends elsed at ite first session. to reconvoke the convention in like man- | had been made the members of the convention or mber e hall, demonsirations that expedient or necessary for tan ten te that time, to resist atfack. An at- = tees tues oe ‘and ture of leg. severe. and more than two hundred men were 1ts or additions to the con- tempt to arrest, on would have been sub- Geret Scott, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., guushot | This was done by city officials and New Orleans citizens, the convention. or ietenee of tite | mitted to at once, the evidence is controlling *Giton Jotnsan, Harine Hospltal, New Orleans, La. But not one of those men bas been punished, arreste req its action. that up to this time, although, as will be hereafter of lert knee. aprala | of Inined of. ‘These officers of the law living in the shall be ailowed | shown, threats had been made and warnings given of de- ‘Charles Wallace, Marine Hospital. New Orleaus, La., con. | city and known to that community, acting under theeye signed attack, it was not believed by the members of the tusion of right forearm. of superiors, clothed with the uniform of offce and State of Louisiana had been | convention then present that an attack would be made Sete Geers manne Deupeel, Sew Ortenst, Ea, tentend now! aa the proof shows, te tion, which was submitted to | upon them. It was believed by some that an arrest might line Seung, Marine Eroorital, aout ta the Chief OfMicor of have not only residing within our military | be attempted, and arrangements to obtain sureties had a Orleans, La., tncised nishment, but bave been continued » 1864, and was ratified by | been made by them. At this time the procession before Georze Fitzhugh, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, in. | 2 their tlemen whe composed E ber, yeas to 1,666 naya, ~The const!- | referred to, which had entered on Dryades from é H : 3 i iF H i H E s tution thus ratified has remained in practical operation to Peet, ‘reached Insti President Ge orge Burke, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, - Prosecutions crimilt under thie time. Stale elections have deca held, end all tue | Suwvention’ Hon, RK. Howell went dows tho malts sgt wotnd of right thigh, severe, MnP 1 ee meen te pro entice tae Bh nod sanchinery of Baste: garernenent lds bees: weckst: petin-'f from lobby outside of the ‘hall othe street ah tu tla sete. pr ee onan tai: toon Row pending against them for a breach of the pesod, Provision: ja lowell went into Governor's room, wi ts tend prove The facts connected with the action of the people in | 3°%E% forr below the hall,” As he passed down the Unt. ae ; af ohn Giheea, Marine Hospital, Now Orleans, 1a., fracture | THO strike toagoas ofthe day? wore tno ngeats of more ratifying this constitution, the character of the proceed- | teq states flag, which nad been borne in the procession, ed Frank Marine Hospital. New Orleans, La., contu- | criminal employers, and demonstrate the general sym- ings before and prove es time the polls were open, | was being carried up stairs. Judge Howell had here an lon of right kneo. pathy of the people in bebalf of the mea who did the and the question whether and to what extent the con- | intorview with Captain Caziarc, one of the officers on Fm og! James Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., incised | wrong against those who suffered it. stitution thus acted upon became the organic law of the | Goneral Baird’s staff, who had been sent by Brevet Major cps igh ateane. ta ‘on hl oF aes wae ail, Marine Hospital, New 0 La. But the evidence establishing the fact of determination State, have not been examined or considered i General Baird to ascertain if the convention which he the police ‘eat; | eu; tage ty pork nave | ‘of lag, never, + Pls- | to suppress the convention and ration for attack commitio, The constitution bas in fact and | had believed would meet at six P. M., was then in ses- man ee ee Marthe Hopital, New Orleans, La., ple. | Upon the members and. thoge.frlends, ‘wherever thoy 1ta provisions have been accepted and observed. sion. Judge Howell states that “‘he,”” in Caziarc) | was any outside, Wades pehnmenat; auth: eeuees tol shot of right ig might be, that should attend ita meeting is derived from By the terms of the resolutions above cited it was ‘asked me when we were going fo told him we |, were mot more thea three or four shots. The windows aceumebenin ° ee ‘Saul Coleman, Hospital, New Orieans, La, pistol | many witnesses. mado the duty of the President to reconvoke the Con- ” Gou't you meet at |" were closed, and there were no, shot, holes through the | PSto4'by siter witmeres SR ETE ae 1, Widemieeen nna wnaiatinghch thes Clon Bofore the day arrived thore was general denunole- Syersona lc ange on: Pry ig yg Ay Mg alts pamed It would be impossible to give a connected account of | Contusion of head. i See lok ipa ge 7 meee and u ‘eter lospital, leans, on sl G were iaturd us; that. we would | through the hall, We could hear thom whiatie through. Ths was st the same time and afterwards ocourring i | nor ot right lung. severe Now Orleunn, 1.;:plaiel | Stestations decered tes it abel br a F popes oe the first entrance to the hall white handker- Nat. Frazier, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., stab of | anonymous letters of warning and threatening and before ‘were waved, and the police were called upon by ‘The committee examined four persons as bag ony oe were sent to several of the members and their friends; The crowd at | Mr, Horton, members of the convention, and others, not | the facts of violence and di that day, ft | ,,Mark t Marine Hospital, New Orleans, Le.,con- | funeral notice announcing in advance the death of the Mechanics’ | to fire; that no resistance would be offered. They came | is in evidence that men who were in the hail, Battice Jackson, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., in. | the convention was posted in the streets on Sunday; ee tnjend commnnnend ring.” ‘The instant they commenced | by the of Cised wound of scalp, severe. "| declarations were made that the “niggers and half nig- no rbance | firing those inside could not be restrained; they rose | safety by James H. Taylor, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, | gers’’ should be “wiped out;’’ members of one of the returned to the | and drore them out. There were a few among the | fest, tothe ground, and as they jumped wi ot wound. Bre companion abecnt trom’ the sip ou de- the room when | negroes who had pistols. I did not see e pistol in the | police or citizens; some, disfigured nds, it Hypolin Varrett, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., con- | clarod that they must return and be on hand the day; the firing was renewed imi in front of the | hands of any white man, and but few fh the hands | their way down stairs to the street, to’ or Seen diese Menpttel, a, thoy said, Hays’ will all be there end wal parties who believed that power remained in the Presi- lthunding and iv nued for two or three | of the negroes. There were probably not more armed | to death on the pavement. at it | shot of right thigh, fow Orleans, La., pistol | ciear out thove damned Yankees; one mim romarked, dent to recall the members of the convention for further | minutes. A deal of appeared in the | on this occasion than on ordinary ocsasions; quite a | points in the city, pursuing lawful busi- James Lewis, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., incised | ‘I have spotted Dostic myself;”’ (6,375); it was freely action, Mr. W. R. Fish, one of the members of the con- | yoom where we were. The room was about one-third | number of persons in this city carry afms, both white | moss, were attacked by the police, shot and cruclly | wound of back, severe. $i said we are “going to hang Hahn and Dostie;’’ that “ae vention, testifies that ‘most of the mé the | full, 1 sup) I determined to go to the Governor's | and black; with chairs and pistols. few who hi beaten. Men and posttion—some of Brown, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol } man shot of that Governor of the State and members of the judicitry of | Omde and sce if we could deviee any means to | tem—the were mo e of thy convention— | shot of leg. g thes tho State thought it ." ‘The President of the | prevent tho disturbance from extending. I went.| closed and with and pid thet of ee es neds ee Orleans, La., nig- convention, Hon. E. H. sithough it would ap- | through the back way, and aa I passed the |/the doors; there were t Reber Ballard, Marine Hospital, New Oricans, La., pistol haa pear from bis testimony before the committee that he | piaiform I saw the corpse of a nogro lying om | doors unfi wound of spinal column, severo, + 08 the In- entertained the opinion that he had sufficient power by | the opposite side of: the street; when I got into] not be fastened; the secon Charles * Marine Hospital, New Orleans, L&,, pistol | stiuto at the «ame time from different parts of the city; virtue of his office to reconvoke the convention, declined | tne front room occupied by tne Governor's Private shot of left lung. agvere. in the early morning a man was ascertaining the ‘names for reasous which he deemed suifciont to issue a proc: | Secretary, the stroot was entirely clear in front of tbe Pinel wuand oF Hohl force. LomPttal, New Orleans, Le. | of those who were willing to aid ia pu} the \amation for ‘near! Canal street; there amass school ese becauge hee terrually resigued his office; but at a moeting of deie- | sliding down nearly te Cane! sifeets Sie ea line of | bom syaiene cian parses mosoual, Now Ortonnn, La, plate | Toate! badges oF dldieres yet, wound of left thigh, severe be a riot; badges of different kinds were worn by “‘oiti- Marshall Simon, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., in. | zens" om the street; mei Ludain Nora, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol wound of loft thi Anthony Hospital, New Orleans, La, pistol wound of left forearm. = Jeremiah Biackstone, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., Oecar Bellorere scar Bel . Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., in- Cised wound of face. , ar ape so eet 1866, = Loon de- | policemen, while in the other girection on my lety was surrender, Sahat tana cha Pete | Reman ene means Grr |S Gn t jore—he had left at eleven o'clock; I sat to write tempore, avd anal to reconvoke the convention. $0 Cabaret Baird informing him of what was going on, ‘The tolloming promiacetn wes avuod by hira;— but | had scarcely writen, three lines ‘when tins crow by tin ts 7 on my loft began to move simultanco: on the build- by the Congress now 18 sension iParioue Policy, developed | ing, and commenced firing into the windows; th te, ganic law of the State of Louisiana should be revised and | seemed to be shooting into the side as well as at the | entrance 1 police Mr. amended #0 as to form acivil government in thie State in | froné windows; I moved from there, of course, and the | had 8 Ses Danakoroniet harmony with the general government ae impartial | crowd trom below at this moment began to move up; been ee See oe as ene ee igs ot | there was general confusion and excitement; I was ad- nd'pormancat position ta the great Union of tates with | Vited by the Governor's gon to wke my postion with | waved it to the policemen f gmple guarantees against any future disturbance of that | Te foor, immediately under one ude of the ball; he | be rrested and ‘Whereas It is provided by resolutions adopted on the 25th | remarked that if they saw me im there they would cer. | woe unarmed; but they ways co it parts of the street; they cheered and shouted for Jeff Davis and for Mr, Jonson; when the wounded men were brought into the “lock up,” members of the City Coancil cheered the policemen “‘in their bloody work;”’ one of the rioters, either policemen or citizens, has beem complained of or punished; on Sunday night the police were withdrawn im their stations that they might Eugeue Foster, Marine Hospital, New Orieans, La., eonta- sion. ‘John Harrison, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol iNemanuel Thompeon: Marino Hospital, New Orleans; La wine Shee Gets opt, ew Oana, atc a re ad of soalp, "Bugene Goren, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol shot through the head. Negroes were taken out of their houses and shot. A policeman riding in sbagey deliberately fired his revolver frem the carriage into a crowd of colored men. A ‘man two miles away i 3 ; : ; Ft it day of July, 1864, by the convention for revision and | tainly shoot me; I was not an eye wittess to anythi ‘ain. them; Amendment. of a tana, iuat when | more that ooourted afver that as to attadcs in bebe were driven out a second time, for the peuple were ex- Charles aghen, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., con- mation Sond until Mime ardvea When tues eum poy adjonrns to tee - | ing; I remained im the Governor's paror during the almost every man grasped « chair, and tuston of ; should in; soon after noon an unusual alarm was any cause, and (hat he shall also. in whole day; misailes of various kinds, briccbats, ballets, Off a log for & weapon they drove the police Gabriel Toroby, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., gun- ouch 06 bad been ced when feders erates Were Proper oficnrs of the State to canes elections 10, be hel &o., pretty frequently came into the room where we | down stairs and closed the doors again; nearly all these w0ot Te iiison, Marine Hoepital, New Orleans, La., favesting the olty, ‘and then the combined police, headed Il any vacancies that may exist in the convention in par- | were; there was an open lot just at the side Wf the build. | policemen have been put upon the force since tia close wound of neck. ees firemen with their companies rashed iahes where the same may be practicable; end the a8en of | 14 , and I could occasionally see, through th curtains, / of the war. There was no attompt to restrain the tring ‘Charles J Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., stab Whereas af maceting Bell Ss Few eee e ee oe eaten is what waa going on there; there was an almot uninter- | on the part of either citizens or poticamen; I am region of left clavicle, severe. June, 1808, the meuhers of, sald eony ac ee a © | rupted firing and yelling ia that lot for some ime; the | certain whether Leaw any citizens or not. at. the thine Marine Hospttal, New Orleans, La. eristence of the cont yo A enrwens, pied by ® \amily of | and fourth entrances; at each time the doors were pistol of thigh, ’ expressed their betief thal wishes and interests of the | lot, I learned was occu; ‘amily . A eacl . ‘Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La. loyal people of this State deman Teassembling of the | ne eet WA ee Eee Deer est oats See oes ie La, L said convention and requested and duly authorized the un- or. William H. Hire, a member of the conviation, Serstgnee tact am Preadent pro tem. for the purpose of re- “ convoking aaid convention, and in conjunction with his Ex- time, and ent up into the glory, me, some wi and second the hid 2 & narrative of what took place ¥ithin ! ‘Thomes roand of Fath eves New Orleans, La., sword-cane of . we Peters, Bee Giteans, La., contusion bert Marine whi liency the Governor of the State to issue the requisit 3 shots hall, through of ae ki r ‘every ‘imatioua ecgnroking sald convention and ordering the | Unit; many show wore and afterwaris; the winders | entrance the requested ‘not’ to Rol , Hospital, New Orlea. tg., incised consanry elections as soon A& jae z aoe | or ibe SS wound of inary font severe. Whereas, further, it ie t that the proposed amend. | were down. When the streets were cleared, Mr. h | and no = ng ‘Albert tal, New Orleans, La., cotttu- ment to the constitution of the United States should beacted | finding some confusion in the hall, said, ‘Sit down | after they was any offered furnished at the cost of the | sion of pee te pon in Siote with tho shortest nro gions dae’ tem. ot | directly!” Dr. Dostie called out, “Do as you are told— | them; at the ti entrance wore not | United States, ‘Ben jamin ine Hospital, New Orleans, Le., in- acu aaa ey virees ‘of toe powde and ane | sit down; if you have not chairs, sit down on the floor, | a many had been twoin- | There was evidence before the committee that in some | cision of feet Ot eine Hoopla, How Ortecnn, 2, 6 eating wa erty lias cuaterted on We, OBS Perera rary epee: GS rors wes cleared tere wan 6 pert of silence, snd | relliea on the thoy id not stivged in Gunes aunt come mavusere of tee acenny oy e, Reda : Se or Pabe report to.the House whether co to wieat oxincs tive owe Marine Orleans, gail remitonmofeajonrement do ing ths ey Bro and | the attention of everybody was directed to the doors, getting in; they entered four times, and the la time lives to the ing care of the officers who ar- teat and be Erneta Ta. injury of | mombers of the organrsation claiming wo ba the govern- amendment of the constintion of Louisiana; and I do | presently the doors opened; I looked around and saw | the doors were not closed upon them, at the time them or who accepted their surrender. The life ‘Bill Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La, contusion | ment of Louisiana are le for the atrocious acte Heres Suey and reqmees all. the, to conven | some police and citizens make their appearance. Fol- | fourth entrance I stood near the southwest corner of r. W. R. Fish was probably saved in this way. Gov- | of of violence committed on je day of the massacre, and tou to assemble tn the hall of the House of nia | jowing & death-like silence there was a volley fired from | bail; Michael Habn was there with me; Rev. Mr. Jack Habn was protected in passing to the prison Wells, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, Iia., incised | to that ond brief statement of facts which occurred feos, ane Atty Monday Baiiding. 10 the city Oa at the | the door upon those inside, bon, ‘who was wounded the same day, was there at this ) the ail aithough he received many blown ern urs Seas sailed wiedinin Stow Catain, Ss before the convention met is Ne Wey oy rele geen mand dy trier al See ee eae ee ee ree et! scopes pumten | ene wieeel reat Mr Honea t wii, wos wounded iho Seuts of inove'"wee, Grek a . han GL fag mined 22s sesamin” he Liowtesant Governor of Le zee of thi sh ; corner > Mr. wi out write of election'o alec deiegaten tothe said’ convention if | opin “An yoitcemen and citisens Ares, 1 want to be | at the second entrance, when he'was on the siage with Some Ove cases whore evidence Was given of tiseers | tuleat ingore ve New Orleans, La., frac | tithe and the Attorney General of the State unlied ene * aad signed st the it of Hew Orieses this 7th day particular in that Ley ty wl Gecemn en be caveaneae r tr) enieh be waned OE Stee which Lt t Lg | Yoyo sian ot foe ant legs. ia eee Jal; Sa betes aecaed tee oomeamptiag elleer tren ne h is or not; | he ani el to Pata Ridgeaian’ of Setndependence of the United | would know whether whet lie thelr four or sig | that stood in lino in the hal; persons inside had Piped for rs the police aad mobe i craeeet cna | Philip Brown, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., eword proposed posed convention was an “unlawful assombiage;”* . K. HOWELL, President pro tem.) | ab, ‘as rapidly as a8 soon as this was | the police to gain an entrance, on supposition that they | DlOd? OfAation continued the butchery inthe hall “ayeee Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La. te “object in meeting was to subvert the Biste and Joun B. Nests, Gomaiere, Gone those in the rise simultaneously on | would be protected, aa ‘irect until nearly two hundred people | siti hound or left thigh, severe, 6% | Municipal governments,” and that he “intended to dis. ‘ both 3. Madison fla, woe oreo int he A 4 thete feet, 3 May Naf wanniniend meh wn inmunnay atteomeen ee 1 hot yet bk ably a , B hia, ge Fe seat head nia yalg raapancgri dp dah existing mene oy aoe a of el 3 we to issue Dy proclamation dated July 2171360, ag fore | BOM Of Ag mombers of the convention, or other | nrariy an ‘hour Kefore re ho oft the ball ot on aia | bee ine Bee Sid “renidonces of, but “few are cil Bari, Marine Howpitl, Kew Oriany La, cut of | they mes without, the faaction of the tultaey”eathor om ho Were there? A. 1 cannot ¢: ‘ou | wi was in the arm or rf ue for military it notice orga eM mat amend ts oetbtconven: | Lor T suppose. members of tne convention, colored | fide were bloody; It was probably only a ean ind, a# | them at once nictiy Nay oan ying iaunes Aron, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol | {Organs ine, convention is. tobe, suppreseed Uy f° An, has Issued ao Order reconvoking the said taores. | men and all, rushed to the door; I did not go, for one; | it did not seom to disable him; Dr. Hire excepi | ried away and tote killed were privately car | Cl her, Marine Hospital, New Orleans, La., pistol | arrest of its members unless the convention was sano- y.meet im the city of New Orleans on the 3th day when I found that pistol shots were being fired, not be- | none of the parties I have named were Tdonot | dray taking ty: 8% OPC witness testified :—''I aw a |-wound thigh. tioned by the military, s ing armed in amy way, I fell on the floor, so that the y ‘nan gbbigine Bayiores, Marine Hospital, Now Orleans, La., a reply to thet communication Baird C) ‘hose who were wounded 3 8; reas in the same document and in, ronformity1 « | shots might pass over'me: the citizens and police were | know; there were but few of us momen, and we felt | Theard a dex om of bat body be has called on the Governor # the | Teouiaeds it seemed ridiouldus to me that men should, | that there was no use in aitem Si TA ha, evry net ahem in ie tee ‘Antoine Johusion, Marine Hospital, New Orieans, La.. with obairs, battings and pioces of railings, contend | there were not enough of us, incised wound of scalp. ments of the citizons of Louisiana,” and he proceeded ta rarishes. therein; dred. One witneed ‘Vievor Laborau: Hospital, . Weeroree Led, Madison Welles Governor ot the State against an armed force, regularly organized this went | I thought I would choose p2 loser Ch ae free forty tote Kilted. Another § aa aw | aban oo New Orleans, La., con. say :—"'If tho assemblage in question has the legal right dana, do ‘issue thie, my imation, commanding | on until, f believe, they were repulsed some four or five ere ot Setoe r¥ jot out, but hey A + | fremtwenty to thirty carriage loads Or» Daniel Bid) Marine earth Naw Orleans, La., com: | to remodel the State government it should be protected algetion be beld on Monday, the 34 day of Septem- | times; { bolieve it was the fifth time that they got pos- | inside; atthe door mgs" young man, a straoger ni qounded. Dr. Harris, of the Freodmen's Hospltms ted of left arm joint, with protrusion of | in go doing; if it has not, then its labors must be looked by the qualited voters, for delegates to the afore. | session of the hall; this tasted, I suppose, about an | Ihave tot been abjs to recognize him though f } Tyat one hundred gad eight wero brought wou agvere, upon simply asa harmless pleasantry to which no one irreethee Commend. ail shertifa, commissioners of hour: it was the opinion of those pa See otis | ee baie, alee i! Ft ae guy cot bead ‘on ts panes his bh of whem fourteen died there and one di sos ‘ema append wena Orleans, La., fracture | ought to object. AS to your conception of ‘the duty im «and Lt therein concerned, to hold the ty assistance would soon arrive; it appeared J yal, A. V, Ward saw twenty: dead Jobe Marine p posed ir atl regret to differ with you SS te to go wan death, and that to remain was certain death, | men, would acrost mo and socure atten Sant"ne Hoplial. New Orteana, Lan | Petes 07 Yrassnot endermaad tow the. Merce sia ate can undertake to decide so important and delicaten jnestion aa the legal authority upon which a convention } jaiming ‘® reprosent the people of an entire State bases te notion, ‘This doubtless will in due time bo properly decided ) alter rem ds bodies taken from the workhouse, How many were hy of |. Died J 1 hada corartor Hahn we had beter go; H woulnaxy | taal 1 nad taken no part te the. reeuance or 8 | ved will noretbaknown. but we cana doubt there "Yicr fabodonan aplal, Now Oro, La, gunabot some people. left dhe hails I apoke to the police out of the hall; that I had bese eridence. Shale a Marin Hompital, Nove Orioans, La, on: Se ltoe fvarth, rw, at be, savd, Tey wi tne | fasted this mas’ ee protectins to Keay au ns ae | eT on of kilo and wounded oo Caron appertained L anol wound of bend, sorore. A Pig , and mo person ie oved hie oltigansh | hav ii"iatore competent. authority, nw’ pre Lae qoaornl smansety by boing @m- | Mo—they are bound to Kill me;" that svomed to be the F) i H