The New York Herald Newspaper, July 26, 1866, Page 8

) "THE NEUTRALITY LAWS. Report from the Committee on Foreign Affairs. . IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS RECOMMENDED The Laws Should be Put Upon the Same Footing with the Foreign Enlistment Act of Great Britain. Modification of Penalties for Its Viola- tion to the Standard Imposed by England. SYMPATHY FOR THE FENIANS, Proposed Repeal of the Clause Prohibiting the Sale of War Vessels to Belligcrents at Peace with the United States. ae &ee Kee Wasmxcroy, July 25, 1868. @cncral Banks, Chairman of the Committe. on Foreign Affairs, to which was referred for consideration a resola Yion of the House of Repretentatives upon the repeal of ‘fhe novtrality laws, with other papers relating to the game subject, having attended to the duty imposed by the crier of the House, to-aay made the following Report. ‘Tho statutes affecting the neutral relations of the United Ftaies with other nations ought to rest upon the recog- fused principles of the Jaw of nations, the stipulations ‘ef treaties to which they are a party, and such reciprocal Jegiglation as may be enacted in concert or co-operation ‘with other States for the promotion of public peace. | Phere is nothing at this time which can justly compe] ‘the United States to enact, maintain.or enforce principles ef neutrality which are not accepted or acted upon by other States. The duties that neutrality imposes are jprocal and not arbitrary. It is doubtless expedient ee necessary that these principles, whatever they are, whould be in the form of a statute, simple and compre- hensive, in order that the people may be instructed in ‘$hotr duties and in the privileges secured to them. ‘he repeal of existing statutes imposes the necessity of enaeting other laws upon the same subject. It is be- Beved, however, that the condition of the country and jte ebanged relations to other governments, which na- ‘Swraily result from the great events of the last half cen- ‘tuwy, will justify, if they do not demand a cri'ical and beral revision with a view to their better adaptation to .) t condition of public affairs, ‘A brief review of the several neutrality acts passed Congress since the organization of the government abow how far existing legislation is justifiea by the principles of international law, the treaties we have ne- with other governments, or the legislation of other nations, and to what extent the repeal or amend- ment of these acts may be justified or demanded. fhe independence of the American colunies was ac- ‘The participation of the z g. = Fy & B: E 2 téon should husband its resources, and, if possible, avoid ‘af complications with foreign nations, The foreign oan ot the administration of Washington—as wise and ‘Besessary as it was successt ul—was baved upon this idea. Bite now conceded that the safety of the republic im- sly’ demanded this policy. But the people, not itely responsible for tho success of the adminis- tmijon, were impatient for more resolute and decided action than it proposed. The war between France and ‘Magiand was at that time waged with releniless vigor. ‘The friendship ey deen bmerorce A wanes Goring our struggle ernment and people of Weeace for our success an intense Interest among fall classes of Amer cans for the victory of France against the common enemy of both nations. This feeling was au joouy dui statutes of 1704 and 1797, Ww! Ich had bee strong to satisfy tue demands of z Struggle with France, did pes saunty thre | the authority of Dover ti Colonies ; ‘bensions more compleiely 4 fu) ‘Of @ neutral State, the statute og acted, The purpose of this ack Was staied ¥. ty titio. was an act to “preserve nouifal relations” Th- satnie embraced two pripciples not coniaine’, 4 tho acts of 1794 and 1797, Airequired the govern" a, Rueeen from owners of armed vosseis that ve Minin oF without the juried ction of the ted ‘sha ao them in contravention of i® eairuiny eget it authorized and directed colle’ gopeng cast ms upon mere suspicion of such intent t) 400".h4‘delaia tiem unl an order of release 8h joid"po obiained from the Pro- sideut. Ir was not ‘ele? gat an armed vessel might be law- fully sold bY @" “merican cen. a foreign subject, other than & gyjcct of Span, but it was thought necessary 0 axe ihe American citizen responsible for the actor, “of @ foreign subjet w r bo might DL. und thus indirectly to jgohibit the sale of Amer ain’ yossela, It was an act to punish cnme 0% cho part of American citizens by depriving thom Of the power of its commission. It was the asser- tien of the right of a belligerent, not only to punish tue violation of law, but to demand the surrender of the power to disregard them, Is was not | Won to punish crime against the law of nations, but to punish erime against pain, and that at @ moment when she was drawing her supplies from the United States to carry on the war against ber colonies through the port of Havana, which was open tous only for that purpo-e. The manilestation of feeling agamst the act of 1517 was so strong and general es to suggest @ revision of the several neutrality acts, and the cousoiidaion of such provisions as were deemed necessary to mnaintain the peace of ths country with other nations in a siugie Biatute. This was done in ii The act of that yeur constitutes the law of neutrality now in operation in this country, and itis the repeal of this act to which the attention of the commitiee has been call.d by order of the House, ‘This wag the result of @ strong public feeling against the act of 1817, and the earnes. and united representa. Hiczs of fersics governments againsi the julerfereuce of American citizens in the struggles of the South Am rican States for independence acainst Spain. Owing to the otwithstanding the unpepularity of these provisions, embodied all the objectionab.e provisions of preceding legislation, Its merit was that it embodied in one statute ail legislation upon this subject, giving to ite provision the vigor of a vew act, to which the attention of the ex- ecutive officers of the country would be newly called. Its ablest opponent was H nry Clay, then Speaker of the House. He characterized it ag an act tor the ben iit of Spain agaiust the republics of America It was enacted upon the pressing claims of Spain and Portugai, backed | by the roj resem ative of Great Britain. No oiber country bad adopted such provisions of law for the maintenauce of its neutral obi gations. It for- bade citizens of the United . tates to accept commissions in the service of any — at war with other nations and at peace with ‘us. It prohibited enlistmonts in the United States, the fitting out or increasing the force of vessels of war within or beyond the jurisdiction of the United =tates with intent to euter such service, under the penalty of the confiscation of property, and punishment by fine not exceeding ten thougand dollars and imprisonment not to exceed ten years. Owners or part owners of vessels were required to give bonds in louble the value of.the vessel, cargo and armament that they should not be used in contravention of iaw; and collectors of customs were authorized and directed to seize and detain, unt} the will of the President could be ascertained, vessels upon mere suspicion that they were to be so used. Previous statutes had been tem- porary in whole or in This act was made permanent. It is imposs’ble to sup- pos) that provisions 80 repressive upon American com- merc’, so hostile to the cause of |.berty and go strongly in favor of a government whose principles were so repug- pant to the peoplo as of Spain, were voluntarily adopted. They had their origin in the interests of Euro- Ly governments hostile to the cause of the Colonics. ut it Was not this consideration alone that ied to the ent enactment. Tho established policy of the gov- ernment was that of with all nations, To maintain this policy, it waived both at home and abroad interests which, under other circumstances, would have been reso- ered to, The declarations of Washington upon ibject are too familiar to require repetition, They were accepted by all bis successors, and perhaps in no instance more forcibly and justly expressed than by Mr. Adams, in 1826, in setting forth the objects of tho Panama mission: —‘‘The great rul@of couduct given us lutely th in to foreign nations,” he said, ‘in extending our commercial relations, is to have with them as little convection as bie”? “The couns:ls of Washington,” said Mr. Adams, ‘‘in that instance, as in all the couns:ls of wisdom, were founded upon th: circumstances in which our country and the world around us were situated at the time when it was given; that the Teasons ned by bim for his advice were that Europe bad a set of primary interests, which to us had novo or a remote relation; that hence she must be engaged in frequent cont the causes'of which were casen- ly foreign to our commerce; that our detached and t situation invited and enabled us to pursue a dif- ferent course; that by our union and rapid growth, with an ment, the = jd was not far distant here enthusiastically expressed in addresses and | when we might defy material injury from external an- Seeokutlons of and popular assemblies, in the Toumier aia eee bt 1ake 81 Aa aeheeanseiane Gemassions of the pubic joureahs, tai Sie Sey sopeele Of. cause our own to be respected, and, with refe- pastioan leaders, as well as in the social circles of the | rence to belligerent migt peace or war, Chemneslves, bi orogs i Seong as our interests, idea br fui oa anon an was eS hostili » ee 4 PR i slated yg epee public opinion to the hisemt cone creernarns ape focgetine ita the, eanan ef Cote eman ipation and pelicy of Washington. untable to the people for its | hber:y-in 1823:—“The policy of the United States with Weaistance to popular clamor, and juences of its | roerence to foreign nations has always becn founded ‘mid submission to the demands of whose ‘upon moral ‘and nateral law—peace with all —aere intensified the popul mp ed Basking. Fen Licemdeirnemad ve Detween a foreign or has arisen if not overthrow of its policy. tariog law of the Inited States has been peace with intemperate conduct of an agent of France: agrents. From the first war of the French revo- ‘tke current of popular opinion, and gave to wane «soll he tae or Tag sendin dd ‘tep’s administration a strength wh.ch 1 could not have of wars, national civil, in almost every vessived from ite measures, as they were then inter: ace Cae cme ft Se patting nee ofc siing Dusted by the le. Mr, Genet, the agent of France, and independence, the first revolu' ‘was embol: a Wy ihe oolnanioge Sie Wel be ee war strong impulse of feeling urged the vessived South and North to the authority of | of the United States to take sides with ‘the government. He authorized raising of Party which, at ite commencement, was contending, end and veusels to cruise upon tie oe Had the policy of the gems against the commerce of England. these tines Btates not '@ stronger Pabsetine: Re. Reich Miasmer. os eee tot ie, accra aie 4 we been Poros comeegosnoes of it aiained ardor, tempered | neutral, and the then deitberately has ‘opposition, and enabled the administration not Ng Deen invariably ad! ever gince.” It was upon this 4 — that the government acceded to the de- ions, Btates ou] this subject, which thie statute contemplated was H contending partics and the our own rights as a neutral nation. fully answer the purpose nor silence Britain. t of 1704 was not passed in i} ? g act offences against ‘Te United States’—offences not found in previous of this or other na fons; but mainly act itself. It prohibited Degielation jad eonferatio: jon of ces under which it was enacted, aro indicated by the fact that its operation was limited to the term of | the Ai : H i i that the law of nations—an absolute impartiality der b Eittes of ‘Sue, mpeisonerent and | cna nae w ca ry ment mo of ‘wep ry, from epi commissions in ~ the people, as well as the oxtraordinary je of Bui dations in its legislation of nouiraty in Tata Th wan tt aan Hed, bes foaes erery Saneee: our governmen’ Tapped in Great ed gow BigEst, ae i H g Hf li L3 my competent to to meet the dirt He advocated a navy sufficient the neutrality of the United property on the seas froin spolia- Powerfal engine of annoyauce to jod that official declaration of th docirine was ‘madd which now bears the name of Presi. dent Monrve, and has become the rocog viged policy of ment, It there‘ore, that S H z two years. For # time it answered the demands of | the carly policy of the government the Ht ether governments; but in 1797 the statute situation Mor the country, and thet the. ‘deacon jn was amended by further restrictions upon com- | armies, navies, jons and the implements of war mene a eo 2 ae the Mga bad a ““ with che formation of ay as the Fran aan executiv: ebange in the existing law. It could bave been su; permrng ty i ao “appar in ngiag the ercasion jhe power that prompted the jinal enact. | of armies, navies, fortifications, the impiements and the States. The law of 1797 optrated Vaited States bosond its limits and jurisdiction. ‘The law of 1794 probibited, under heavy ‘Siting out voasels of war for Ss that of 1797 made thia provision appl leable vemels of war, but to “private ships,” and jes for its violation. It increased the fine from 000 to $10,000, and the imprisonment threatened not on! years to ten years, 1: also prohibited the 1 tion of ari cquipmen vessels, &c., until the end of tbe session of 1795. The law of 1704 was limited 1o two years, That of 1797, except as to the exportation of | other aubserve. Bu but also with regard to subec- the subject of our neutral tions, in the jerrible conflict between . fend and France, in which each nation contended Hot only for supremacy in Europe but also for its exiat- nee, that these statutes of 174 and 1791-—the first of three years, and the second for twenty years, whieb the whole of Europe waa involved in Mctently stringent in their probinitions w; “4 commerce and the American people to ‘aime of the most ambitious for supre- dering were macy epou ( id and sea We were then in condition to have dom ore and gone further in chat direction if it had been deemed necessary or just, But mo further claim for pro jon was made, and the neutraitty stat- utes of 1794 aud 1707 remained aachanged for more than hints years ler ly ip the present century the Spanish provinces in . Ameroa revolted against the governments of Portugal *) Lapa, and asserted « independence, The suc. cone of thie revolation gave to the world eight sover vod independent nations. The independence of ranish republios was hailed by the people of this coun. ‘ry as (he most auspicious event of the age. No govern. fient in Europe, except that of Spain, bad resisted the ireedom of the Bpaniah provinces by force. But all tue nations of Europe in alliance with Spain, maintained her rivbis to the government of the colonies, Great Britain bad been invited by Spain, in conjunction with the European alliance, to mediate between ber and the colonies, upon the basis of their continued submiasion to her authority, with certain Jona as to commerco and the appointment of officers, The United States, whove cooperation was golicited Great Britain, de- clined to enter into plan of ion, excopt authority of the Holy Alliance. Spain de such recognition would be regarded by her as an act of hosttliy, Their independence was recoguized Ip 1822, after a contest of twelve years, The sympathy of the American le for the Spanish ‘entvereal, oe their hostility to he coverament and ey! of Spain wae iy sirong, ys uit Spanish Incer our own Coy Boi iwi ‘on socduat of tive ‘walt of venwels of war, to cope with pain upon the sea, ren. cored it di®oult to prevent our wepee Lay Te them nid ip thelr struggle LU . was macro dim. unt to allay the tons of ee +1 wu copy! with the re The the from hoted, not only with reference to of | study of the scionce of war, expecial consideration was inst citizens of the the purposes ; to given to the purpose of ing @ principle of neu- trality consistent wih the aiguity of e meee, ry pee the continent against the cucroachmenis of ‘uropean Powers and mouarchical or imperial institu. tions of government. Tt was, neverth: a wise and just pend. adapted to the condition of th! at that time, and deliberately chosen, but witha view “to the time not far distant when, by union and rapid growth, we might choose peace or war with belligerent natious, as our interests, ve Aye of isoiauon aad estrangement from was a y rather than of mere neutrality, which, interpreted by the law of nations, means nothing more mor less than @irict jmparvailty between nations at war with cach It was thie which enabled the admiuisiration of Washi and the to harmonize upon a measure operating, im of-nations hostile to us, against pairiota who were not only friends, but so. dul following our example. The government ac- copted Le en RP ec ey FE peopie, tbey abrank wo the in poverumans ok pouce ted e poopie change this policy of bej aumitied that the when the siat- Ngations apd sul to ‘Bo other nation, or that their ‘Mereial privileges should by ferior to those e: red by people of other parts of the world. The En; statute of 1819 does not permanently bar a or punish crime, It depends upon the will of 0 Crown, The sovere ‘8 operation at m terms only Tia restric. wi ite enaci result of the adoption of the Lord John Russeit mys in his correapondouce Adams upon the subject of the depredauons of the Brit. iret sre af iil bas a aba te 3 was in o as it was considered 7 M4 sppliesbie to the circumstances and insitu- ntry (Fagiand, “ehe eign enlistment act of 1819." ‘How far ite im) provisions were enforced during the tag en Co Advantage we derived from the halting tm! ie by England, be sea, or of our |, the American commerce, swe, to take shelter under P rsistent power of fore gn representatives, the new dct, | by the Father of bis Country in his farewell address, { regi NEW YORK +#iHKALD, THURSD pevpeical banishment to a pice , beyond mits of ig ts, nud if the goverd ecay oo Cex isiste An nen by vf chal rh! pike, then in prison \ can slavute ts not demanded bY tm temational law, Acoording to ye 85 toms neutraitiy is smpariality, A State ,in virtue Of stg sovereignty, bas an interest and nedefeasvle Tight to remain neutral as be- tween other Staies at war. The neutrality fapbes, co ‘one pari, iipartiality; on the other, iuviolabitity. "The § ace canvot vii ct end is not bo nd to sulter injury. It 4s a temporary co dition, incident to the situation, and BD» B vessarily pormauent An atenpt to bi upon & pe pe permanent neurality, espec aily yf that word is Anter rs ted (0 mean, as in our legislation it docs, au “estrang ment, absci-ion and foimtion af the State tom Otner stations, 8 opposed to the Urue principles. public neutrs! ty aud law. To make Sich a Svstem permanent is impracticavie, It con be justified only by a regard to thet ry condition of Siates by which {its euact- ed The highest tntcrests of civilization demand tu the hbertics aud righis of peutrals shoud by extend aut the p e3 and powers ef States. ay war dimuin- Gabed, Ui no recognition of this principle depends the pgogress of nations, the independence of States, the Hiberties of ‘he people. To restrict the rights of neutrals and enlarge (he power of Lelligerents is to reject 1 teachings of ( bristianity and the Improvements of civiti- wation, and to return to the doctrine of barbaric nations aud the practices of barvar.c peoples, In reviewins Lie siatute of 1818 we cannot escap? the conclusiva that it is founded upon an oppose and on- soaud philosophy; ‘hat it @srevards the inalienable Tights of the people of all nations; that it was imposed upon the counyy by considerations’ affecting exchisively * the political interests of other vations; that it criiainally res rains the rights of nations at peace for the benoit of those ut war; that it was intended to perpetuate tho supremacy of favored nationson the sea lt properly betongs to another age, apd is not of nor for us, It was in deference t the conditions then imposed | that American legisiatures thought it expedient to divest tits country of rights enjoyed by others, indispensable to ‘ue dovelop.nevt of the strength of republican instita- tions and the American States, and -to inflict upon the.r people the irreparable injury of depriving them o! priv- ile ¢s nocessary to their private. prosper.ty and the pre. servi jon of the liberties of their race. is Incredibie that R should haye been thougit necessary permanently to suppress as crimes on the part of our citizens trans: t ons which are not punished as crimes elsowhoro for tho Doneflt of nations iniimeal, if uot hostile, t> us, and | &ainst States struggling for ind pendence and liberty tn | emulaten of our own example. No, these concessivns to the peace of the world were made for the tie when they were enacted. It was an Opportnne and patriotic poitcy. ‘The preservation of the Rep. blic was ibe first duty of our fathers, as t is now Ours, itis destined, if sustained, to be th: erand dis- orght divine of kings, the model of strug gilng nations, the last hope of the independence of States and of rational hberty. ‘To the examp e and precept of our fathers we st'l! ad bere, But if the tine has come for which they waited and worked, er whenever 1 shall come, in which the right of the country can be asseried, its interesia protect- ed without departure from the established policy of our governmant, which we indorse without hesitation, and to which we adhere without reservation, it is our opinion that the opportunity should not be lost. And we therefore recommend, as incident to this duty and this day, a thor- ough revision of the statutes affecting our neutral rela- tions with other governwents, and the evactment of such Jawa as will limit is prohibitions and restrictions to tose imposed by the laws of nations, the stipulations of treaties, the reciprocal legislation of other governments, the freedom of commerce, the independence of State: the interests of civilization, curb the power of nations wi nd strengthen and extend the rights of those at cace, ‘The committee has had under consideration the bill deferred by order of the Hous? on the 20th of June, pro- Viding that the statute of 1518 shali not be 60 cuusirucd as to prohibit citizens of the United States from sellin; vessels—s!i ps or steamers—built within the limits, or o materials and munitions of war, the growth or products thereof, to inhabtiaris of this country, or to governments not at war with the United States, ‘The statute of 1818 enacts that any person who shall fit out or arm, or aitempt to fit out or arm, or to be con- cerned in fitring out or arming, any ship or vessol, with intent that such ship or vessel shail be on:nged in the service of any foreign Priuc> or State, or nay colony isirict or people, to cruise or commit hos gust the subjects, citizens or properly of any foreign irince or State, or of any colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, shall be desmed guilty,of a high misdemeanor and fined’ not more than ten thous- and dollars and imprisoned not moro than three yeare, and every such ship or vessel, with her tackie, apparel and furuiure, together with all materials, arms, ammu- ition and stores procured for the building and equip- ment thereof shall be forieited. It requiyes that owners and consignees of every armed ship or ve-sel sailing out of the ports of the United Bates, belonging wholly or in part to citizens thereof, shall enter into bonds with snfficiont securities in double the amount of the value of the ship cargo and arma- ment, that she shali not be employed by sich owners to cruise or commit hostiijtics ageingt the subjects, cliuizens or property of ahy ign 66 or OF Ay eStore, district or people with whom the United States are at peace. It requires collectors of customs to detain ‘ves-@l manifestly Duflt for war and about depart irom the United States, which the cargo, crew oF other circumstances shall render it probabis that such vessel is intended to be employed by the ‘or property of foreign State, or of auy distri ny iy ie with wae the United States shall be at peace, unti the decision of the President shall be had ‘thereon, or until the owner shall have given ry security required by the'tenth section of the act. It alzo makes citizens within the United States for the acts who are beyond jurisdic. tion of the U: Theso stringent provisions are not now of nations, raiasyr euapatietants or reoprocal municipal 6 repeal or modification of these bardment coast by Spain, which has been universally |, Would not have occurred but for the strin- gent execution of the provisions of this law by our gov- ernment. Had the South American governments nm supplied with materials for defence from the abundant | i few of the United States, the invasien of the Amer- waters by tho Spanich navy would not baye boen ontemplated. Ships are urticles of commerce, They no liberal or just sense contraband of war, Bor are the =m is of which they are made. The recent improvements in naval architecture ace such as to diminish the distinctions between mer- chant vorscls and ships of war, and to favilitate the adaptation of ono to the purposes of the other, A strong built, swift sailing merchant vessel or steamer could be made with a single gup an effective war vessel. To probibit our citizens from building such vessels, or selling materials for their construction, at atime when all nations except our OwA aro at war, because they may be employed for hostile purposes by foreign sub- Jo ia, or to d mand bonds in douvic the amount of ves- eel, Cargo and armament, and to require officers of the customs to seize and detain thei whenever cargo, crew or “other circumstance” stall render probabie a susp! cion that they are to be 80 need, and where American citizens are part owners only, is substantially to deprive them of their rights to sacage in the construction of vessels or to furnish materials therefor. Considering the limitiess capacity of this country in bis roepect, it ie a privilege that ought not to be surrendered excopt Upon grounds of absolute neceserty and Justice. ‘The laws of wor upon lend havo beon materially and bappily moditied in tho progress of civilization, Nations are no longer compelled to become parties in war. Tho bts of neutrals Lave been steadily enlarged. The rights non-combatants, both of t person ‘and of property, are respected. Wat is now waged ayninst govornments, and not, as formerly, against persons. The tnost enlightened maritime natiwns havo endearercd to modify and rofora the laws of war upon the sea as upon the land, Greut Britain is the only power that resists the recognition of the rights of neutrals upon the sea as tipon the land, In this, however, the principles she asserts ate jab en gin = her praciece, To this extent Ny conforms to the epirit of the age. Russia, in 1750, asserted the doctrine of armed neutrality, and Ubreatened war oganst any power thas violated the principles asseried by her in behalf of neu- trai nations. Theso declarations were cliiefly that the fing covers the cargo (contraband excepted); that neutrals are vot subject to the right of search; that articles con- traband of war must be limited to objects used exclusive. Jy for purposes of war, They axserted the right of armed convoy for merchant vorsels; aud that a blockade to be Tecogn zed mst be effective, later period the Northern maritime nations joined Russia in proclaiming the rights of neutrality as eet forth ip the declaration of the armed nevtrality, which had been earlier asseried by Frauce, The United States made war upon Oreat tain in support of the same eee fm 1812; and, as Napoleon the First quid in the most memorable of his oddresses to the French Chambers, the United States had vindicated aud preserved the freedom of the seas, when it bad becn abandoned by the rost of the world, Notwithstanding the sacridces made by the most enlightened maritin nations to mitigate (he laws of war upon (he sea, 1 Decesrary reform i# not yet fully established. Great Britain, in theory at least, maintains the ancient and Unjust pretensions of be'ligerents upon the sea, denyiag that the flag protects the merchandise, condemping as contraband of war materials used in the conswection of vessels, coal, wood, hemp and tar, Ag well av arms, gaits, powder, &.; declaring that they’ coated tu be merchan- - | aise, and were contraband of war; deaying te convoy of merchant veasels, and asserting the right of soarch, fd the theory of paper blockade, It is by the asertion of principles which rhe does not undertake io enforce that ene secks to maintain her stu. premacy on seas, To ihese pretensions ali ihe tans Ume nations are opposed. It is only by monopolizing the naval and commere|al force of (he world thot abe can otain these unjust pretensions, Whatever increases the maritime force of other nations opens the seas of the world to commerce, wh the haadmatd of peace, It is due to the independ f wations as woll ns the freedom of the sear that the Unilod Stater should arsiat in this great work, and the repeal of thos: provisions cannot bot contribute tu an important degree to this object of universal interest, ‘may bo sald that tide modification of ovr statutes of heatrality will absolve Creat Uritayn from claime made upon her for the destruction of our meschant veesels dering the late civil war, There i no ground for this « The modiiea- tion affects the futnre and not the post relations of the Untied States with other nations. No change in our etatute Inwe can release Great Britain from Tesponsibility to thie government Ineurred under | previously existing relations, Our claim ts for An: :\ can ships destroyed by British vessels in violation of her own statute of noutrality—the Ro list. Mont act of 1819, enacted, we are told, 9 model of our statute of 1818, Our compinint is foonded upon that before one drop of was re the fact Stair ot Fort Bure, waa ‘outa’ cle AY, JULY, ,26, 1466, 201 toaiet Mia the conan, she recognised the rebels {i Delligor’ala Ga the bea, upd. alow irate sips to abd destro: of nyropeited to herwelt the advantages comnere of Uni pros uh o We ous that while our government enforced tho statutes of 1704 and 1 upon the demands of Great Brttain, our enumy, against tho French, our friends, aud {n 1817 and 1818 enacted new lawa at the solicitation of Spain, backed against the South American republics, dis- regarded bh: f own statute law OF 1619, Reppin bead forced im our favor, but in despite of ite provisions lish ships with British armaments and Briteh crews ware allowed to depart from aud refit at British ports fy, every pert of the world, untl whe American merob:.gt ‘lag disappeared from the seas, It cannot be exec that we shail long maintain a poly that, while it stroys cherished Amencan interests, operates oy,1 fayor of enemies and against friends. Great 4 ‘cannot absolve herself from her upon the | pretext that we choose Lo discoutiaue such ual and nuproiitadle relations with her governvrong, ‘he reform of o: r neutrality laws recommended in | the spirit of peace, and with N@ O“sire to disturb exist- tug friendly relations with otheynations. We pre er to strengthen rather than destyy, The marvelous changes wrought in the condition of the country have wrought no change in the spirit of Gur people. They look now, as here- tufore, to univers#’ industry for prosperity and power, | There are vo advantages, territorial or otherwis», incl- dont to the, possession of mere political power, that will compensate them for the loss of that inaustrial spirit wihicu ts the stimulant of national activity, and the com- pensation of ind.vidual tol, the hizhest reward of the noblest amb'tiog. There is no outward advantage that | wil not fallgo us tp due time, Individuals may be im- patient, but the aation never. Viol neo impenis, au- archy andede potis: destroy. the foundations of present and prospective adyantaze. Wo. most cesire to avold the perils that have been fetal to republics, ancient and modern—-tho policy which substitutes might tor right, and invests with power men Who are indiierent, if not hostile, to the interests of masses of men, But while we retee peace to war, and find our advan- tage in maintaluing peace as against war, itis no longer from necessity, If we are compelled to 'choo-e between the sacritice of our rights and an appeal to th» arbitra- ment of war, there can be ao doubt about the decision, We can no longer stand bail for the peace of the world, We have r'ood guard for other nations long enough. When tlie maintenance of national honor 1+ idonufied in the defence of principles eskential to tue independence 0; States and the progreas of civilization, we caunot patter on a course marked out for us by duty and des- tiny. ¥rom the foundation of our government we have given Jence of our desire for peace. The statutes of 1794 1797 enabled Washington to disregard publ. opinion, | end ‘maintain neutrality betwen Franco au England. Tho act of 1818 did the same for Spain in the contest with her colonies in America, We steppod forward.to 46 xd of France with mea and money when insurrection first tareatened St, Domingo, ta'cing upon ourselves the rick of unauthorized ad, wh n delay would havo-been den al of assistance; we did not recoynize the inaurrection as civil war, and when France golicited the prohibition of commerce with St. Domingo her request Was granted. ‘1Le sovernment suppressed hosiile armamenis in Kentugky against Louisiana before its cession. When the South American States bad achieved their Independence and sought the conquest of Cuba, tho United steiea, by adhering to its long-established policy and faithfully enforciug its laws, maintained the author- ily of Spain, although it would otherwise have held that fertile and na.ch-eoveted island in jis grasp. Wo fails to perceive now that the possession of Cuba by Spain does not depend upon the fidelity with which wo adhere to this policy of our fathers, a ned hor au- thority in Cuba against Mexico, Porto Rico and Colum- Dia in 1824? Tho government deliaed to ad Greece in her strugyte for independence and Mberty although it was urged by tho Uniied yolca of the peoplo aduering, as Mr. Adains said, ‘Lo its constitutional duty, clear and unequivocal.” In 1838 Excentive prociainations and more stringent statatos wor) published to protect Great Britain, against the rebeition of that year, in the posses. sion of'the Canadas, We enforced the neutrality act of 1818 ayains' the efforts of tue German States to organize anavy in the war against Denmark, in 3552, and de- ta.ned in cur ports steamers purchased of our people for that purpose, The recent memorable invasion of Canada offers a * government. Great Britain has given no cause to re- Speot her sense of justice and her regard for right. Our ople, Who derive from her thelr ideas of language, Pirerty’ and Jaw, institutions and rehgion, wight justly expect consideration, if net favor, But with indecent disregard of our situation sho has not lost an opporcunity. eu, varruas 8. She planted slavery in Aimerica for ver o” ish intoresis. The profits of the Atrican slave trade with (hiv country were the foundation of many of her colossal p:ivate fortunes, Having fastened it upon us, she precipitated the question of its abolition upon vs. When abolition threatened our destruction, she ridiculed, revisted and deuonuecd exaat gipation, When manc.pa- tlou was necessary to our existence as a nation, she gave her sympathy to rebels, of whose confederacy slavery was to be the headstone of the coracr, She countenanced a rebollign of which the only effect was to eacritice precious blood in great patt of her own kith and kin, Ste lent th m the skili of her mechanics, of which ‘Yhe rebels had nothing, and without which war was tm- poesible, thus making her working men spporiers of a cause the tnumph of which was the degradation of labor. She gave to the rebellion her a as long as it was serviceable, and sold to them their power as long as they could pay for it. And when, in adberence to our own policy, by reluctant, questionable and even violent execution of cur laws, her trae vo to her pos- sessions the loss of which would be the precursor of other calamities and reduce her to the rank of a subor- dinate Power, against a race to whjeh our country is doeply indebted, and which has suffered for conturies in- ex and ineffable ym our conduct is approved as better than they had a right to expect. The institutions and traditions of the American corapel sympathy for the humblest of the human go plas Meee! for Mberty. Their om -bag yo is wi ‘epirl oppressed races stragg! lor Nberty, and rations Aghting for independen 0 results of thelr own struggle, It is impossible for them not to wish well to the cause of patriots everywhere. gave their good wishes to Switzerland, France, ee, Hat and every country that sought a relief from tyrauny. They cannot witn- hold from Ireland an expression of their hopes for the reatoration of pio They believe with Pitt that Ireland {s catitled to the same privileges as England, and Irisimen to the same rights ag Englishmen. They py oh > a Wilberforce that England owes reparation ireland. Mr. Grote, the classic historian of Greece, remember- ing that mythologists recognize three Jupiters, in reviewing English history, two Englands; one wigo and strong; one sordid, brutal, insnaible to right and indifferent to what is done in its name. For six eenturios, he says,the vad England has kept vigil for Ireland, while for the rest of the world it has generally slept. ‘o cannot affirm that it bas slept for America; but we agree with him that the general [act is aites! by, European and wo way add American opinion, which reveres Engiish history at large, a the lish part of 1 with resentment, wonder a seorn, We be- lieve, with him, that ‘‘#tgland cannot study the history of Ireland without losing Ler self-respect, nor the charac- t advantage,” to there people strugaling for + of obligation due lopment of our country. if to our sense of th f our own, the p The intery mstences 1 p od to be due to otuer nations, and ought to satisfy the world that we have n: it ine terest nor dosire to disturb the public peace. It is rather to maintain our relations With other uations that the favorable consideration of the House is asked for the measures herewith reported, vength to them for their aid int But independent of t we add tho reoalle government under sa delity to obliguelons = WESTCHESTER INTELLIGENCE, Moowtiowr Prewic Ar Morniganta.—A pienio, originated by some of the leading citizens of the town tor the he widow and orphan children of tho Inte po- or Johu Fuchs, who was shot and killed while in the diecharve of bis doty on the 4th day of July last, came off on Monday afternoon aad evening at thorns Park, Dancing was kept yp with very little intermis- sion from neon until midwight, and @ very ploasant and Agrecabie. time vas had. In the evening a basket of rich Qud elegant Lowers was dist of by lottery, and broaght the sora of @fteen dollars; a lady was ihe forta- hate bolder of he drawing ticket. The picnic probably realized over two hundred and Afty dollars for the widow and children, Burciary.—On Monday night somo daring burglar Made an entrance into the store of the Brothers Wester. velt, corner of Sixth streot and Franklin avenue Morris. sola, They took thirty-five dollars from the pocket of Mr. Westervelt while he lay reap Dyed escap’d with. outalarming auy of tho lamates of the house. ‘Tour oF 4 Race Batt Cirp.—The nine of the Union Base bs ayia 1 Morrisania on Monday aftornoon for a tour hrough Connecticut, where they twtend to or all the loading clube” oF that State, The; th A to the cars by a large number of it friends, who wiabed them ail a good time, and hoped (hat they would return the victors of many a well contested match. The boys of the Union are young geatiomen that, while ever too mucli depressed by defes! are not conceited by victory, but are eteadily aud surely winning for themselves an enviable nama. They intend to be al + About one week, LAFAYETTE COLLEGE GOMMENCEMENT. Easton, Pa, July 25, 1860, At the commencement ‘exereisen of Lafayette Colicge this morning Prof. H. 3. Osborn del!vered the introduc tory lecture of the ecientifie sobool, endowed by Mr. A, Pardes, of Hazleton, Tho ealedictory was delivered by George T. Kelior, of Pennsylvania, and the foactor’s oration by the Rev. Moses Depue, of New Jersey. The degree of LL D. was conferred on Rev. Dr, Edwards, President of Washington and Jefferson College, Tho alin: | had a dinner at Masonic Hall, at Which ¢3-Gortinor Pollock The town te crowded with visitors, LOUISVILLE MUSICAL CONVENTION. Lows July 26, On this, the second day of the Yerlons exeurstons, picnica and rehearsals Place, In the evening the roctetios, the prises, which wil be announced on Friday. The Saengerdun Hol was crowded to its utmost cay Ae FS Very oppressive beat. The “4 a teniting socletica was ent iy appidaded. The exercises conclade with a torchiight procession, On Wee . J at 90 Mott street, Thetas Peeeoy in the 670 fold his ae houee of funeral to morrow, TAYLOR —On_ Wed , Jaly 25, Lasxan, the be. "tne renee of the emily are respectfully Invited to '. the ily are attond the Z ‘at oleven o'etock,” a 19 Aixth aven oD ange ts Se Ny aad Preerox, Sigval exhibition of tio spirit pul character of our. | SARATOGA RACTy, HU S24a7CGa CUP DAY. EXCITING HURDLE RACE. Three Horses in the Race and All of Them Down. ZIGZAG THE WINNER. THE CUP WON BY KENTUCKY. ARCOLA THE WINNER OF THE THIRD RACE. The Largest and Most Fashionable Assem- blag: Ever Present on a Race Course. he. &e. ke ‘The sccond day of the Saratoga races was more bril- Mant than the first, the Saratoga Cup—the preat event of the meeting—being oue of the races, which was won by Kentucky, the champion of ihe North, The largest and most fashionable assemblage ever cougregated on a Face course was present to witness the races, ‘TUB COURSE AND THR CONCOURSE. The fine weather during Tuesday und the early part of Wednesday morning made the cours: look on yesterday morning in excellent trim, while the hurdles which had been put up and trimmed with green for the Orst race of | the day gave it # very picturesque appearance, All the heaviness of the first day bad disappeared, aud althoagh somewhat “lumpy” in some parts the track altogether was in excellent running order. Frow an early hour it * ‘was apparent that “the Cap Day” would attract even a@greater number of persons than were preson: during the first day, and the ladies seemed to take especial in- terest in the fagous horses which were to compete for the chief prize of the meeting. 80, to do particular honor to the occasion, they alf appeared in dresses ait- ferent from those worn on the preceding day? It was almost impossible that the soene on the grand stand could be more brilliant than on Tuesday, but it certainly appeared that the ladies wero more numerous, and even in more picturesque and costly dresses, There tever wero so many ladies ata race meeting 1m America, and never so beautiful and brilliant toilets. As carriage after car- riage drove up and the ladies alighted—the movement of their dresses showering around a hundred sweet amelling perfumes—it svon became apparent that even the commodious stand erected by the association would be none too large to accommodate the ladies and their cavaliovs comfortably. A burdle race is sure to attract Americana; whother it is that she likes t see the hateful sex risk their hatefal necks, or loves to seo the ‘darling horses” jamp,'it is imposeible to say. Perhaps both, At all events, the hurdie race yesterday was the subject of much enthusi- asm. Directly the horses started, however, and at the first hordle, General Williams fell; the rider of ihe horse wont clear over his head and was thrown heavily. Sin- gularly enough the ladies seemed to consider this the best part of the entertainment, and when one after an- other of the three jockeys toppled over, a perfect little choras of delighted screams arose from the fair specta- tora. “Oh, do look, Jula!”’ ‘Another man off, dear !’’ “That's the third; how nico!’ resounded from ail sides, interspersed with hopes that the poor horses would not behurt, After the race ifwas found that the first one was very badiy hart, but thé riders of Zigzag and Night- look were not even bruised. ‘THE POOLS AND THR SPORTEMBY. ‘was the same excitoment around the poo! stand and in the enclosure opposite the judges’ stand that was observable on Tuesday; bat as the race for the cup ap- Proached this excitement grew more intense, and the throng grew thicker and more enthusiastic, It is certain that just before the horses started no less a sum than half a million of dollars was depending on the race for the cup. All through the course the greatest anxicty ‘was apparent concerning the and celebrated turf- men from all quarters ® together to take a final look at the favorites before the start. When the famous Kentucky came in frst by sevoral lengths the applause all over the stand was very great, the ladies being specially delighted at the success of the favorite, pala A The Races. The three races yesterday were full of interest, and afforded much excitement and enjoyment to the thou- sands present, In the hurdle race all three of the con- tending borses fell with their riders at some part of it, and it was feared that two of the Jockeys had reocived severe injuries. It was happily found, however, that they recovervd their sqnses and strength suffic.ently to walk away unsupported after seeing the fine race tor the cup. As much, and perhaps more, excitement attended this race as was manifested last year when it was first ran for, The entry was large, but in the end only three remained to run against Kentucky, the winner of last season. Two of there were horses of fine reputation, and tho other is a better racer than he bas hitherto had credit for. Beacon, a large and powerful buy horse, of the same age as Kentucky, was here last year, and bad ao engagement in the cup, He was not then deemed to be in first rate condition by Captain Moore, and be did not run him. Sineo then he has madé tho Journey and voyage to New Orieans and back, and has been carefally watched and prepar d by the Capiain with a view to this race. In that time and ‘space he had run often and always won, #0 that ii was ho wonder he was second to Kentucky in the betting and backed at odds to beat Delaware, The latter is a fine four year old colt by Ringgold, and bis reputation for speed excelied that of his stable companion, Onward. He was vi ofthe Week, Leatertunge waa tne fourth horse. Ti it mes. excited immense interest and ourosity. ore splendid ——_ of the thoroughbred horse can- uot be found. jtucky won with ease, though Heacon ran with such great and game as to secure the a mile, Kentucky, in the time of the cup Otty yards from the starting ees both being very fine neral Williams foliowed,but ho struck tho and throw! the FER 5 a Jatter went S a winner of “A e bl ‘he following is a summary: Hrpte Race for all ages, two miles Wolter weigh: $400 Lo tho winner, $100 to the second horse, if three more start, Dens ee entered b, b, Zigzag, by Ruric, dam D. tock, Paul Woods entered br. pe Gene Wins 154 Ibs, t by 4:38, 8 "1 ‘Tho rider of Nightlock wes woon seen snpotiog bia Ger” across the track, not much the woree for the a4 he bad received ia bis fail. The rider of Geueral Mit Temained inseusibie for a considerable time, bus the races wefe over he recovered and waiked to- town, ready for anotber mount wren the occasion Ofer, TT® BARATOGA CUP KAce The hurdles were then reinoved aud the bugle sounde@ for the horses that were entered to prepare for the great event of tho maging~ibe cup, of $1,000. added to @ sw Of $00 cach, p. p., wo and quarter miles for aliagea, Thero were twenty-six nomle nadons Jor this race, only tour of which came to the :—Kentucky, Beacon, Deiaware and Leather- 4 tucky being the favoriie azainst the field at two to one, and more money was staxed on this tham was ever belure on any o\ent in saratoga. Large: anduuis were also ponding between Beacon and Dolaware, while Leatherlungs would not bring more tica a dollar egainst @ Lundred in the pools, The raco belug two miles and a quarter, the hors “were started from the three quarier pole, Keutucky winning tbe pole, Beacon ihe second piace, Delaware third aud Leetheriungs the outside, After a couple of at empts they got away vogevher aud caine the homestretch, and passed the savd nose and Kentucky lewting, Delaware secund, Buacon third and Leatheriungs fourth, Guing arouid the turn Beacon ran. inte the s.cond place, and at the quayier was a length avi a quarter och nd’ the Northern enampivn, Delaware a length tortwer off, but six-ion.ths in trout of Leather Jungs. On the backstretch Delaware ran vp and passed Veacon, aod got to the tail of Kentucky, but the latter #.cok Lim oft on the lower turn and énivred the home- stretch a couple of lenuths auead af him, Beacon » litle over a length behind, wulle Leaiherlungs was already so far off that no one took avy notice of lim.. As they came up the homesireicu Beacon and - Delaware again changed pinces, and as they went past the grand stand the favorite was leading a length, Beacon se: sud, turoe-quarters of a leng.b auead of Delax ware, the atter bing extended to bis utmost dimen- s10DS, 26 Very soon aiterwards be began tw quit. Ken- tucky was lead.vg a length aud a hati at ihe querter poly Beueon secoud, two lengths In fieut of Deaware, jatter ten lengths anead of Leathefiun 3 Gving down the backstr-ich Beacon made bis grund effort to beat Kentucky. Ho ran up to his girthe about half way down, no = aud jay there for two bundr.d yords, but with ail bis forts and the appliances of wuip anc epur be could get iurther, and then, while at te balf mue pois, he padialy to failof, Kentucky was three quarters length avead, and as they rounded into the turn the favor- ite Lad shook Limseif entirely clear yf Lis opponcat, The champion iben opeued the gap at evory stride, and came up she Lomesiretch uuder @ strong pull, and under tho string picking bis cars, a wiuner by three ‘en.tha, Peacun beat Delaware about eighty yarda, Leatherlungs by six lefigths behind. The tm» of the firet ule was 1:60, che second 1:46, and the two miles. and a quarver 4:04 ‘Yue following is a summary :— ‘ Soono Race—Saratoga Cup off $1,000, added to a sweepstakes of $60 each, p. p., tWo miles and a quarter, for all ages, J. Honter entered b. h. Kentucky, by Lav'ngton, dam Lagnotia...... * Captuia Moorg entere dam Bay Leaf, .....sesese sie nea T. Buford entered 'b. 6. “Delaware, by Ringgold, dam Arivl, by ip. farpedon.........++ tees Dr, Weldoa entered b. b. Leaibetiungs, by Lexington, dara Gossamer, by Glen.00......esecseesecesereeee Time, 4:04. THER TON PACE was @ dash of three-quart rs of a mile, for al fora purse of $800. Six Lorses came to the post, viz:-—Arcola, Fordham (lately called Throgsneck}, Doi, Norwich, Li ‘ ther and Richmond, Arcola was the favorite agal the } Geld aveven. They were started from the siand on the inside on the now track, and ran éverto the half mile ole, where they met the old track, and thea around the *SWer tun and op ;Le homestretch to the stand. Thro neck got a’ fret, Richay Bee Dot Arcola fourth, Norwich Ofth, Luther axib. When Teached the half mile’ pole Throgsnock was still leading, Dot secon Arcola tvird, father fourth, Richmond Norwich last, At three-quarter je was leading one length abead of Arcola, Lu F Throg: 1) by Eclipse, dam by wlevcoe... Dr. Weidon entered b. ¢, Luther, la Bolie Lew! pps dbesmony Bowie & eniered bc Richmond, by Two Bits, am Meseccees Peron eee eereeeeeeeereeewe D. McCoun entered b. f. by Mac Anthony, dam laura hi pdm lence iw . Alexander entered b, ©. zi data Novices by timp. had ies Bhp aree e TO-DaY. ‘There will be three good races to-day, all daches. ChICKET MATCH IN BOSTON. Saty 25, 1 The cricket match between the a Geves am of pew tk, one she Boston Club commenced here to-day. he Peston Club played two jaui scoring thirty-aver and sixty-tive, The Bt. George lub played oe pe scoring Wenty-four. They wt Pe, their second ioe = to-morrow, A large crowd of spectators were pre- seal AGJGUANMENT OF THE TENKESSEE LEGISLATUNE. Nassvirns, July 26, 1860, Tho Tennersoe Logistature los adjourued until the Monday in November. A. A.-ROYAL HAVANA LOTTERY, atau pail tar agebigons and eit brads miata eet Paton pail for dou and a! and ellver TAYLOR & CO. Bankers, 16 Well seedy Now York, Abe tat: ~BUNGO REBR AND SARGAPARILIA. POR BALE RVERY WHERE, MAKSHALL & 0., 182 Thompson wreet, N, Tt A ere ons, Srpyeario REMEDE.= + This new and, wonderful. medioine wets like magia, @uring rie'nnatism of Fears siatding am THE CROSBY OF A ROUSE, Worth tet ms ase we Te a YREAT CROSBY ART AS3001ATION, SHARES FIVE DOLLARS LAOH. ENGRAVINGS ORTH TUPI POEL, ¢QECR TO EVERY BUBSCCIGER LCE OVEN aaa — YROBBY ARE be tT THR LBADING CITIZENS AND MERCHANTS OF CHICAGO G™ et ee ONT ee en ores A! BOT ATION, AT CROSBY ART ast TON. FIRST SEVEN PAINTINGS OFFERED A VALUB $45,000. DEX RAVING, eet Li i PO! GVERY 2 RELOLDER, oF Bs, AN it ROSBY ART ASBOCT. PAR oer a i a Comomv ED 1 ROVE! Ld — Gpteat cRosny, Aer Assocation. — ND PREM, in prenataDEs ii LLEY,” YALCR gan) AMET, ON THE Gnanbest AN __ somal ORNS, BUNIONS, BAD NAILA, R YRS, —_— - PBRORLRS TAN an Pim MOV! 14 ae hese eared ooo Kaas CH Park ow, and aitdrupginte OO * ADERIC! B OR AT LA a , sulbstiona st oftice 812 way. Pete AROXANS tT ome oe ws WAR'S See ng Roe Yon. ci 7 ae bP gb titel plicns GOUT. NEURALGIA, Li, Comrt /