The New York Herald Newspaper, December 11, 1865, Page 2

fhe question may occur, what is the necessity of these @etencest Three times parties from the mainland have andod o@ the Island and made dosperate efforts to cap- ture the garrison The last time (but # fow years ago), et ene portion of the action the troops were sorely pushed But the hostility of the Arabians towards for- ignore doch not extend only against Adon, but the whole Jength of tho Red Sea Owing to the dangerous naviga- tion, if s vessel were to be wrecked it would be just as ‘certain death to land on the coast as to be swallowed up fm the waters, In soveral instances boats’ crews sent on hore were never heard of afterwards, though the princi- pal offenders, on demand, were given up and executed. Tot his has little effect, ‘Afver catering the defences an@ passing through @ the main road strikes a semi-circdiar space facing but fing, process que curious. The woos, f The coaling ts quite vessel, for Jack of o sufficient depth of water, is obliged to.anchor olf the coal dock about one bundred yards, Between theso two points the coal is conveyed on o8 carrying seventy tons each. Theso ar) fastened to the steamer, and the ‘which i in sucks, is conveyed on board by innu- meorable perfectly vude, with the exception of & kind of vole of limited dimensions hung about their loins. ‘coolies are entirely African, {rom So- mauli, Abyssinia and Nubia, The first are known by long Wavy wool, the scond and third are blacker, and flat nose, thick lipped, woolly beaded—in fact, very much the type of our own negro, with less than half the muscular power. The coals nsed here are all brought by ship from England around ‘he cape. One of the most interesting poculiaritios I have dis- covered in the biacks of this region is ther amphibious mature. Many 0 them live in their boais and the water. ‘Their diving qualities are wonderful, A coin, however small, thrown into the water, after giving time to reach a good depth, they will dive uftor itand bring it up. 1 have not seenone fail. ‘These divers have a peculiar fashion of dying their woo! bright red, and run, many of them, perfectly naked. Thoy wear sundry ornaments, such as amber necklaces and silver aud copper orna- ‘ments on their arms and ankles. ‘ The cholera in Egypt, as you are aware, having for some time disap) |, has turned up in Arab.a and the interior of Africa; buti find tho natives here in an equally deplorable conditon from starvaiivn, The tous ravages among (ic cattle by murrain, locusts, failure of crops and scarcity of rain on the mainland, havo resulted in famine aud great suifering. Accounts from Hodeida, Lohick, Zebide, Mocha and othor seaboard towns show a'great deal of suilering. In the valley of Muna the people are also suffering trom cholera, while in Yemen the cholera, sinalipox and scurvy are cutting down the inhabitants by wholesale. In the midst of the panic of the people the Turkish government looks on Without having tho energy to make an effort toalle- viato the suffering. Hére the case is different. ‘The Officials have commenced measures to bring a supply of gun fron Bombay aud other ports, and are olleriug igh promiums on the delivery of cargoes within the next four weeks, Tho pressnt siate of aifairs canvot last longer than six weeks, as by thenapew crop wil havo been gathored in Yemen, The prospects ngw are very fine. Ti may not be out of place here to gay. a fow words bout Mauritius, This island, fourteen days’ sieain from here and about four hundred miles east of Madagascar, is not only gne of the must beautitul but also tho most fer tite iu the Enst, Itis about thirty miles in iwagiie and five in breatith, and furnishes to commerge every y ope hundred thousand tons of sugar. Of U takes two-thirds. From a xoutieman about to taice ie steamer 1 learn that Arerican ships often calla! Mauri- tius, take in cargoes and make good trips, but owiay to Galarce tonnage of the veseols the sugar 18 not delivered in as good condition as by siuallor voxsels. hundred tons are in demand awong shippers. ‘The presout means of communication with Mauritius is by monthly steamers of the Peninsular and O1 ai line. Tunderstand that next June (1866) these stoaafers will be discontinued. In view of this fact an arraygemen: is Boing made by which the Mesagerics Jmperiu‘es wili run @ monthly lino for £12,000 annually. In case this fails, the public propose to tuko the matter in band and con: mee posals for two lines, ouv to Suez and the other toGallo, If the first offer be accepied, @ veparate jine will bo opened to Ceylon, provided the public be not called upon to pay annually more than £36,000 for othe} Hines, which is the sum now paid for that to suez. If the Ceylon line be opened it wil greatly facil:tate commer. intercourse between the isiaud and highways of the Eastern trade. Tho French government, not to be outdone, has takon Pomeesion of a island off the Somauli, coast uf Airica. works, I understand, are going on there, and in tue course of a short time the Messagertes Jmy fa will have their pwn coal station. I also learn that @ party of those Andofatigable individuals, the French enyiueers, haye made iwportant discoveries of cou! somewhere iu Africa; but a0 one as yet knows whore. If this be a tact the Bi peror has stolen another march on the British goveru ment; for he will certainly, w right of discovery, take possession of the whole as French property. The jm- ce of such dixcuveries, cuntiguous to the const I veli-ve, the fields are in Somauli), wouid “ve of mmable value to the intercommunication, cast and wost, You will probably soun hear somothing positive on this subject through French papers. At prosent there fs no int rcourse between Aden and French station. Everything im regard to matters in th: Girection is kept quict, It being proposed.to bring the enterprise forward with due fvurish wher the whvio is Guished. With his immonse dock and works at 5:e7, ‘and a coal station supplied on the ground, at the outlet of the Red Sea, it is easy to be seon what will soon be the extent of French power ani intiuence in this portion of tho great overland commercial thoroughfare. Tie Eng lish government is very giow in all its operations, wile i Thos» of six the Frencit ig ali enterprise and restless ucuvity. If France ever cnpeees ™ war with England, the latier will then realize to cost what has been going en. ity one Gash Britannia, of wich so inuch has beeu said Cor some conturies, will find herseif minus her Easteru™posses- sions. The Emperor Nayoloon is not making all thess arrangements for the present. A Earopeau war would speedily chang: the geography of Southern Asin. Owing to the monsvons, tue bumeward mail steamers leave before the outward bound is duc at Bombay, where I will be obliged to mati this letter. Tho usual time for @ letter to reach the United States—thirty-tve days— will, tborcfore, be increased teu days, ‘here are ouly @oml-muathly steamers now running. INDIA. Our Bombay, Correspondence. Bomaar, India, August 25, 1565. Affairs in Bombay a: a Low Kib—The American War and . he Cot Trade of the Ka—The Bifes's of the Sudden Col- lap of the Keellion—How certain Air Castles were Dis- sipated—American Versus India Cotlon—Am American Firm—Awerican Enterpriseo—Nevessity of the Dis'ritu- ton of American Machinery—Description and the Trade of Bombay, de. Politically, commercially, Suancially, business and pleas- ‘are at present aro at a low ebb in the capital city of the Bombay presidency. The unhealthy soason—the rains Row prevailing—has driven the Governor and Council and the majority of the fashiouable and prosperous portion of the population to the high saiubrious regions of Poonah. ‘The monsoen season, lasting from the first of June to the 30th of September, has put a temporary quietus on tho coasting trade by native and the smailer craft, Reck! lees speculations have wound up in a general panic, ban- shod contidence among those who outlivod the crisis, and pata stop to all monetary operations, except tho most eure and necessary, in which cases oxorbitant rates fare charged. In view of all these facts, Bombay is not to-day what it was six months since; and although cold weather may revive the social life and festivities of the city, it will require a long time to recover from the con- ‘vuisions into which business and financial workings have eon thrown, ‘The cause of the present depression relates so inti- mately to our own affairs that some details will not be ‘aninterosting, As is well known to every American, our domestic tribulations during the past four years have ‘vory matorially interfered with many interests abroad, bus fm none so much as the supply of cotton. Altbough the Kingship of cotton did not extend to the omnipotence Openly boasted of by the Southern leaders, still the man- fafoturers @& England were much embarrassed, and ‘was at once turned to other quarters to provide imagined a want of work room for the immense quantities of cotton which arrive fom the interior for shinmenh tion , of air castles, Immediately the tracts designed for reclamation were the scene of a laboring throng. Thousands of hands were employed, and the way thus secured was the supposed fore- runner of success. The scheme took. The spint of speculation spread like wildfire. Nobody stopped to tn- quire as to the finances of any concern, but bought up pelimell everything resembling reclamation ghares. Europeans, Parsees and. vied with each other in the possession of shares. The result was, the demand ram thom.up. to. fabulous.premiums. A share, the par value of which was two thousand dollars, ran as high as clerks, and overy one invested all their available means, Young men who bad saved from their twenty and thirty pounds @ month went im. and soon found themselves counting their wealth—in sharos—by tens and oven hun- dreds of thousands, Nobody would now sell, but held on for even a higher rise. ‘Whon least expected the Geath knoll was struck. Qur nation had triumphed, and again lifted its head among the first governments in the world, Cotton fell from two: to ten pence per pound. This killed the reclamation schemes. Relying upon the continuance.of the.American war for the means of finishing their projects, peace put an end to them. From millionaires speculators found themselves worse than beggars. Many who.had. bought on credit at a high figure, with the chance of a rise, realized the full extent of mncert jew of such sort of dealin: In fact, reclamation sharesbecamo & fica! in the monetary world. Nol would touch them. So rs ran, Them of May and June were such as financial operations have seldom witnessed. Business went.down in thegeaeral ruin. Everything ‘was suddenly transformed from apparently the most ac- tive life into the most disastrous wreck. Indeed; Ameri- can cotton has at least some ir abroad. ‘A Bombay paper, speaking of the prosent condition of the share market, gives @ome interesting data, which may not be out of piace in connection with the above ex- planations of these sproulations:— The movement in tho share market is approaching to something very like excitement, and requires tobe care- fully wat hed by all concerned. No doubt there was, w.th regard to all our sound undertakings, a/considerable margin for healthy reaction after the headlong panic of May and Juue. Yt the rapidity of the recent advance bodes no assurances of it bility. When it is rumored froin ona to another that “So and so hag said that certain shares shail go to such a figure," there is evidence that the evil leaven of impulsive speculation (8 again at work. Probably no harm is done yet; but if the present excite- mont continnes’two or three weeks louger tt will be un. possible to check it then without much confusion and im extent muprovement In all Bomhay stocks and i nents of bina fde Character is war ranted by the good prospect for agriculture of al! Kinds since. tie monsoon rain has exceeded tho age amount. Itis worthy of reinark also that considerable scrim nation is so*far observable as do’ the class of un- ak the shares of which advances have taken most in favor are concerns either of proved or which possess real property or unexponded capital. ‘This difference in the rats of advance is notice able in the Victorias on one side, and the Frere and Sie zagons ou the other, the prico of the two latter boing little more than before the improvement bogan. In Elphinstones and Port Cannings the rate of more than cont per cent during the last Bombay banks and the Asiatic Bank have advanced rapidly during the few days; the prices are now re- Sind 67 premium. ‘It can scarcely be con- sign tliat Press aud Other industrial com- participate in the recent improvement. nt has yet been mado for the reistration 3 ant tho regulation of the Stock Ex- but the necessity for something being done in 13 Vory pressing. cotton in the vicinity of Bombay is y don sm the noiguborhool of Surat, tie, Zarowchyand D'holierah. “Baroach, in the market reo’, stands highest iu price and quality, but the bost is of very short staple, aud admittod U to be s orto Amgrictn coiton that manula s sderably higher sem per. ponnd tates. The Wostera india loss. Toa cei doalers non saying in Manchester, when the su cotton is sicatoa, that they are having times.” Vb: annval shipment of Indian cotton from the port of Bombay does not exce+d one taillion bales per annum. In the weokjy review of the Bombay inarket a writer In a Bombay paper consoles himuelf with the folowing specula (ireat exertions are bemg mado to bring to market ths cotton in the Southern States of Amorica, and as it will be brougit Lo the seaboard more rapidly chan it ca be used up by the American mills, a consideral . will go to the English market. Ii 1s tolew<bt, st now ihat the amount of tuat cotton is cerimmiy no more than tho 2,000,000 bales so often spoken of and ‘also that its coudition is such as not to roprosent more than half that amount of salable long staplo cot- ton, Should the Bombay cotton tat ts now arriving turn out clean and in good coudition, thero is litte danger of any appreciable decline in price, There is but one Amorican house in Bombay—that of Stearas, Hobart & Co, These gentlemen have buiit up large business, and though somewhat affected by the proent low state of trade, still haye not slackened’ per- ceptibly iv their enterprises, A work in which thie house is wow engaged promises every aurcena. It is the building of a street rullway, I under firm bas the exclusive privilege from the Tudian rnznemt for the constraction of these convenizut meané of city com. munication, They propose to test the project by build. ing 4 road from the fort to Byeuilah district, a distaac> of four miles, If this succeeds the work wi o carried through al! the districts, When I expreas bts aa to success It only relates to the prejndices of the natives, which, in all cases, has no feeble imiluence in inter: improvements in this city. ‘The Bycullah road will suc- cved whether or nut It is patronized by the natives; but if this receives their favor alt the roads now contem plated will be carried out and prove a tr:umph such as jombay bas never witn-ssed, ‘The same firm lins just started, in connection with other Capitalists, an overiand ht Foate betwoen India and Europe. The name of the company is the “Bombay and Bengal Steamship Company.” ‘They engage to rum steamers abou! every two weeks to Suez and return, touching at Aden. They also have arrangements ena- biing them to register s! ping orders for cotton through to Liverpool, freight payable in Liverpool. By this en- terprise three tuonths’ interest will bs saved, ‘this loss being sdgiained by the Cape route, and the advance in price overland is but three fartbiugs per pound. Tho new ruute {5 already recelving liberal patronage, In ad- dition to this Messra, Stearns, Hobart & Cy. aro them: selves largely engaged in cotton purchases, and carry on @ thiscullaneuts business of hiriug barges, landing coal, In regard to the preparation and pressing of cot ton for the, market i tind. Amorcan machinery has but a small representation, 1 account for this i the fact that proper methods have not been adopd for ims tptredaction, It is certai po nation has bed the oppor. tuuilies and experience to compete with us in regard to cotton gins, preases, and ao forth, I have mo doubs Jater improvements haye been made in machinery which would be readily adopted in India if they were ouly known. As far as ny odservation at this moment extends I have not the least hositation in saying that the reason more Amer cen merchants, slips and inven- tions are not xeon abroad is eliher because the indace ments aud dewaud at home require all the sayply, of we are too hesitating In pushing ourveives forward. Notwithstanding the cloud on the cotton prospects in Ind a, on account of peace again reiguing at home, for some years we will be able to supply but @ small ‘por. tion of the demand for cotton; Ind’a, in the meantime, must bave the machinery to take full advantage of the chance before her. The objiteration of siavery and the vein of labor in the South will undoubtedly create d for labor-saving machines, to enable, for instance, two mon todo the work for = dozon under the old régime, and s0 ccoompiish six times the’ work now done, These inventions will be broughtout, se soon aa they aro, moaaures should be taken imine diately to introddee them in all the cotton growing couutries, otherwise British ingenaity, by the inser. tion of an exira bolt, or the dropping of a screw, will claim the invention, ‘as usual, her own, and roap all the benefits of supplying the foreign deruand for such im- piements. 1 have not the least doubt that large fortunes are to be made in this line. Speaking of labor-saving machines reminds me that there is considerablo agitat‘on on the subject of laborors im this place and ther condition, The su‘fring, prive- tions, disease and mortality to whieh those poor crea- tures are subjected are truly Leaving their mes, they flock to the city, and engage in wuch pur- suite as their caste will permit, im Of betting theit oondition, but find, to thee misfortune, in a fow months, that ‘they are almoxt No provisions beiug made for them, the native workiog man is obliged can, They crowd together generally unbeaithiest districts, living like #0 many breed pestilence, famine and almost every other evi! themnsel ves. I insert the subjoined circular to truth of what Ihave said. The circular is ef ckiges CIRCULAR. While every one admita that swarms of laborers in this city none but those who are brought bo them, those whd have seen chem ‘huddled the filthy lodging Louses of the in rotten cadjun can havo fully in the matter. * How much of the ‘What is the t it i ! fF: if i i i i #ig i = FE 35 5 f af i s i as z i if nH ii a i i Tee i = g i i i" Hil i i i . ut ry $38 ! . 3 YORK, it not io aed ty Noa eG ems in the interior; any number are to be obtained there; | several are out great taste but 20 ‘as they are doomed to decimation in Bom- | and are bys of flowers, shrubs and SAE wankilied inher and of discontent and ennetion eee ante mito peel win vox Fane, Seeotes ¢. reckon on ‘There is rivalry residents here in pam tnnp hy A hatin ear ova Vicwsaaione® xeepig op fae partons tnd adoaing te siertor of ha rae ea sae cari WORD, Municipal Gosumiadonse. -} Exiviion of tate 1s '0t Coultued alone wo the waropeaan, ‘The English of late has beon so much eon- | but also large numbers of wealthy Parsess and Hindoos, corned in to the ‘condition of our The public now Teared are spacious, and ‘They bad took to the laboring class of “her when completed be a great nt to the city. ‘g dominions” in India, and commonce here to put She wajarmerit of the clld exoaien very fae. tKetr charitable totent‘ous into pesation; for wocan vary ‘rhe Une Tog tha tare ont of Se fase life of the Yell take care of our own afaira, and itis Xe | town 1s betwoen the hours of five and seven in tho eve- than the British are is rather ‘to | Bing, when equi with native coachmen bee the ads and’ ends of civilization scattered about and runners, Wing the establishment e sort of princely India with no other aim than to grind out -one way or air, are seen on the roads everywhere and in large num-, another « comfortable ‘and. a. Leave, the The Parsee establishments are noticeable country, meanwh! oblivious natives, and this state of with the officious con- Sen see itch goremeeh eal pres oat noe arcl thing wears an air of mould and dilapidation from the incessant rains of the monsoons, Tho residences of the woalthior Euro} inhabitants are at Malabar Point and the image alone was brought out, and did Hill. Here is situated the government house. The bill isabout ono hundred and ninsty feot in height, and | P84 appearance. | The eyes wore, oF prise Liceore Coad commands a delightful view of the ocean, Back Bay, the oo bril ‘ presides tho I mple, cost about ee tee te ee ae meme pp But fle great, attraction “of, Parbatti is the, view ‘The population of this place ta of that motly character 1p ge ll INI a eh i ie. tac ‘ reads opt before you. On the right is Poonah, visually found in the East, All colors, of all races, and | Spreads, out Neiite yon, | fie shrubbery! every religion. ‘Tho list includes pure Europoans, includ- ing soldiers, Indo-Britons, Indo. ene, native Chris. tians, Parsoos, Mahomipodans, Hi indoos, Brahming, a few Jo ddhists, Sidi-A! groos, and other castes, In the aggregate the population ‘will not fai! far short of five hndrod and twenty-five thou. sand. Of the native population the Parsoes are by all means the most cuterprising, and imitate the Europeans in every particular, The Exchange here about npon every day presents a curious scene, In front of the buildi about Ove Ifndred of these people may be sven, dressed tm their white robes and towering red or white turbans, Gnd ail talking 4 kind of Sunscrit at the,top of their voices, and with a velocity surprising. ‘Thp scene is fall of spirit. From this same class come a large number of clorks and subordinates in the various banks and buai- ness houses in the city. - They write and speak kngish with great Muency, and are patient, industrious and vco- nomical. From theso small beginnings many of these plo now rank the wealthiest inhabitants ¢ Hindoo natives also are largely en, vice of Europeans, but, on account of ic inferiority to the Parsees, only occupy the lowest stations The Hindoos make up the class of manual laborers, por- tors, &e. The religions of tho city are as various aa the classes— Proteatautism, Romanism, fire worslipping, ox aud idol worship, On tho 25th of ‘the present month was a great Hindoo festival, called Ganosh Chathurthi. Iu conso- quence of this fact all places of business were closed, I may say that policy dictates, in a business point of view, lonicncy towards tho heathenish prejudices and observ- ances of the different native religions. In view of this fact ail Dusiness was sugpended. ‘Tho stroets on that day during the afternoon were crowded with groups of Hindoo worshippers, preceded by drums and pipes, and following a palankeon in which small idols werv’con- veyed out of tho city, to bo deposited in a river or tho bay, as is the custow annually of winding up the festival of Ganesh Chathirhl. Botweou the Christian and na- tive observance of certain days the ansual calendar pro- sents a goodly number of holidays. In tho city there are two principal daily pa ne misses of India and the Houibay Gusete,, In'uddition to these there are several weekly reviews and aunually an almanac, giving large amount of weeful 1nformation. The pluces of arnusement are geveral: theatres and Tucket courts, At prosent, however, #1! aimusemouts have stopped until the roturl of the flusionsble socloty from the hilis, The shipping of Bombay is very oxtonsive, and at this moment no less than goveral hundred steamers and drat class ublij)s He auchored ju rout of the ¢ steam postal communication with vemi.invathly, by the Penissular and Oriental Steamsi:ip Company, the departure of the next steamer being un- nounced ‘for Sptomber 9. From this point the samo company runs gemi-monthly steamers to China = ‘Two miles to the left is the vill of Kirkeo, as beauti- ful, though not as large, as Pootlab. Off in the distance rauge a tier of hills, and everywhere cattls, buflaloos ‘and sheep are seen'grazing, the natives working” in tho rice ficids, and carts bearing produce to the Poonah mar- ket. ‘The presence of a visitor at the temple is sure to do- casion a general muster of all the beggars mm.tho vicinity ; so before I had thished my inspoction of the premises T found myealt possessed of an extensive train of fol- lowers. The pressure soon became go great that I was obliged to evacuate. From the temple I drove to the cantonments. Poonah ts at proseat the principal military station of vhe British: hea ntin the Deccan. Thero is nothing romarka- ¢ i the barracks or the troops. The coumissariat, however, has under ita direction about thirty elephants, which presented rather novel appearance. As 1 intend taking the steamer to-morrow for Ceylon, my story hore 1s somewhat shorter than I would other- wise make it. I return to the city by to-night’s train. CEYLON. Jains, Lingayates or in the sere Oar Point de Galle Correspondence. Pow? os Gait, Island of Sezer} Sept. 4, 1865. fhe Commercial Im of Galle—Its Waht of the Naiural Advartages Required ty Shipping—What a Litie Interprise Would Do—Galle a Coaling and Trans- for Staton—How Vestelg are Coaled—The Tan of ‘Calle—Ia Business, Population, @c.—The Productions of the Southern Provinces—American Interets—The Ice Trade—Incident of the Arrival of the First le Ship, dc. Tho island of Ceylon has been called, and properly #0 too, tho key to the Eastern Empire, Occupying a geo- graphical position southeast of the. extreme southern point of the groat Indian Peninsula, it stands directly in the path and midway between Egypt as the starting point afresh of mergbandise, freicht and” passengers from Europe, and the extreme eastern terminus of atcam com- munication with China and Japan, The principal apd onty cafling port on the island at preaont, ogpil tho steamers running oast and wost, is Point do Galle, The town is situated on the south. western coast, and as far a8 matural advantages for @ commercial station are concerned, is most wretchadiy off, ‘The harbor ts nothing moro than an open roads, subject to heavy winds and agitated by every swoll of the 67a, Tho entrance !ivs between itamense reofs, and it is only by the most skilful navigation that's steamer or a sailing veasol can approach the land. The harbor js merely a fannol like indentation, the wide part facing the sea and Within aro dangorous rocks upon which a vessel unless vory securely anchored 1s Hable at every freshening of tho wind to be blown, Notwithstanding these objections Gallo harbor is always thronged with shipping. If Galle were Ddiessed with a little American enterprise, com- meres would long ago have had as safe a haven as our own Naw York bay, or, with a closer paralel of circum. stances, as safe as that at Marecilies, Al that is wanting here 14a small amount of energy, ono or two millions of dsilara and alittle #kiil, apd there is no reason why Calle should not be as inviting to-ships as the im- portance of its location makes it essential and necessary. Asimple breakwater anda more extensive systom of submarine excavations are all that are required, and even the2e would bo of limited dimensions, as tho oxtent of the harbor ts small. The noglect of this work a0 tong is bat another instance Of the iuert and selfish policy of the British goverument, which geems to have as ite solo impulse in the East, making money, regardless of the comfort, conditions or circumstances of the natives, or even the mufety of its own people and ships, In view of this sordid policy let as look at the annual arrival of steamera Of the Peninsular and Oriental line there are semui-monthly “steamers touching hore each way between Sucz and Cal- cutta; the monthly steamer for Australia starts from here, and there are semi-monthly steamers both ways, touching -here, between Bombay and China. The Mes. sageries Imperiales do the same, with the exception of the Australiaa line, The British India steamers visit this port monthly, passing each way between Calcutta and Our Poonah Correspondence. Pooxan, Wostern India, Angust 28, 1368, Communication with the Interior—Visit to the Resort of the Fashumables of Bombay—Crossing the Bhor Ghaut-- Some Facts in Relation to the Work—The City of Pomoh—Its Beaxtirs—Visit to the Hill. of Parbate— The English Cantonmenis, &c., dc. Bombay is connected with the interior by two rnil- ways—one running uorth through Surat and Baroda to Almedabad, and the other the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, dividing into two branclies at Callian, about twenty miles from Bombay. The one branch of the latter road extends about three hundred miles in a north- eastorly direction to Mulkapoor, and when conpieted wi!l form the main thoroughfare across India, connecting with Delhi and Caleutta, with 9 branch also conuccting Nagapoor. The second main branch extends to Shola- pore, about four hundred miles By thi drapeh I reached this place, about one hundred and twonty-fivo miles from Bombay. Tue raiirvad between Bombay and Poonah is an excel- lent piece of engineering skill, comparing very favorably with our own roads over the Alleghany and Cumberiand Mountains, Leaving Bombay at nine A. Bi,, the country for the first seventy miles is principally s low, wet plain, abounding in rice flelds, wita frequent elevations covered with cocoanut groves. Afier a ride of ten miles, the road follows along the baso of the Bhor Ghaut (a raoge of mountains), which, with several branches, now follows on both sides of tho plain, the left $range being a dis tance of Ove miles, At Kurjut the plain i lost, and the road confronts the main Bohr Ghaut. Taking an extra engine, the train commences the ascent. From this momeot for fifteen miles the ride is on. chonting. The road, runs up am, incilue, frequently as severe ag one foot ascent to forty feet | Hombay. Shipeofwar frequently touch for coals, and {n distance, through tunnels, aorosa) viaducts | gaiting vessels engaged in the carrying trade with die. of great height, along terraces aud ehelves cut in the | tant coun of in Joca! intercourse,- arrive daily, The amalier craft alao are obliged, in & r,t mountain sides. On one side you look up an almost baro and perpondicular searp from two to six hundred feet in height, and on the other side look down into an, abyas of equal dep:h and covered with junglo and abounding in make this their port of of the monsoons. Strictly in connection with steam id importance—first, ae Ocallag station owt a fel at the connectimg point of all the ‘steamers, tiger and game. Tho rains now prevailing form inoume- | enadling passengers conveniently to reach their dostina- rable fails, some at least three hundred feet clear leaps, | tion when a change of vessels Is required. In respect to and surging cascades, dashing over rocks and shélves | the former the supply of coal ja eg nga into the narrow aud dark bed of the gorge. . To see se- Raetiandity ca bata tery, veral hundred of these falls and cascades at a single pe yd ag Lk! the "ee LAS ined 2 * rel sweep of the eye is not extraordinary, as from the moun. phe 10 the a the tain tops they run down in alldirections and wherever | SPQ? Dargis and conviyed. Me tO? Seseela and supply of they can find an outlet, without regard to the convention- | steamers there is another lack Sieenty teen si ssi ora teen re Obermeyer, ‘About two miles from Kandaila the road terminates | ¢xP;86 of Ault be considerable advance abruptly upon a point overlooking a plain mt least six | A coaling dock or pler would be a saving of labor hundred feet below. Here the engines are attached to | and expense: & Des potting oe A the rear of tho train, which, being switched upon another | tedious process of several hundred coolfes and a couple track, resume the ascent. The view here is one not | of barges ‘are used now as from the beginning. ry often repeated even by Nature herself. The plain re- stem would never be entertained for s moment by sembles an immense amphitheatre, and is surrounded on ‘ankee company, aod yet two ry lines of steamers ali sides by mountaing, Rivers and erecks traverse it in | submit soveral times » week to th oy inconvenience, all directions, Several cone-like elevations, about one In strolling about Galle and viewing it as a town, we hundred (vet high, jut abruptly from the even surface | find it from other commerciai points in the around. Trees of every variety, and ® vegetation of the | Bast. It is dirided into two part, The fort, which in- richest green, nishes the . A post could here find landscape upon which to build a romance breathing all the beauties of Oriental scenery and life. The ascent from Kurjut to the engineers bey Aa sot) down at eighteen hundred foot, and from the latter point to Lanauli, three miles beyond, it ts two thousand and poe aye eget a wo gee gle rai anothor plain bounded on parallel sides pe range of biils at least four hundred. feet in height, rman a ave at hand in regard to the Bhor Ley) and will prementy 0 twelve g 2; HE gh ii i apd sixty-eight chains its base is one hundred aod ninety. in Bombay, and of its summit two thousand ‘and twenty.sevon feet, making @ total elevation at one 1° of eghusnn Bunred and foot. Tho total ih of tuunelling ia two thousand five hundred and ‘Say toe ates eight vied -foot arches, is one and one Enoeeed and thirty. i greatest depth of cul ie eighty feet, and maximum ta seventy four ‘cost of thie incline was siz bun- 3 Ba » ioe mard'verert in tte anronts tind descenta we changed g Our Colomibo Correspondence. Coromno, Island of Coylon, Sept. 6; 1868. From Galle to ‘Town of Ootowibo— ‘As aCommercial. City—Want ef Harbor Accommoda- tions—The- Dangers to Shipping—The Coffee Trade——The Course, the Assemblage and the Races—Opening ¥ the Festival Season—A Ball Given by the Governor—The Combo and Kandy Railroad, die. te.:: " ‘As yot Coylon is not blessed with those groat accommo- dations known” as railroads. Travelling, therefore, is a pipes to 0! , The too, are Sess events, Moa eae nt Oa ee anew eae C contrast 1 wie Be by a fellow traveller on bis way to bis own e 00) quested i at an adjoining plantation. Tho difference tate to I matter of much exertion and waste of physical force. | was marked. The Pant wore a sickly appearance; the ery nd tld po © <didtan voarth was bard abd weedy; tho buildings wore diinpt- Botween (Gallo, ‘and thid point ‘the wget! to) Gatod.” Tt was easy to decide who reaped the best re seventy-six milos, aud the journey is made in a iné | turns for bis capital and labor. called a coach, but which affords even none of the oon we necessary $o-g0 through the ipeeails a Faisiog limited conveniences of that class of vehicles. Last evening at six o'clock I mounted the Colombo coach, which I observed ‘by a series of gilt letters to be the ‘Royal Mail” oonveyqnce, and bore a large V. R. (Victoria Rogina), painted in artistic style. After, siderable delay in adjusting the luggage we started off on ‘gallop, and, darting through the arch of tho entrance to the fort, made across an open plain and soon disap- peared in-a cocoa-nut forest, After a ride of five hours— in that time changing horsea five times and traversing thirty-six miles—we arrived at Bentolle, where we took supper. After a half hour's dolay we were again on the way, and thirty miles with four more changes of horses brought ust the ond of our journey about the hour of six in the morning. Colombo is one Of the seaport towns of tho island, It the principal business centre of tho wea- province, and has a large shipping, but no direct steam communication with the outer world. Its population is greater than any other town on tho igland, . Withinithe igravots, including ‘nine square miles, the number of souls is estimated at sixty thousand eight hundred, and in the town proper forty thousand. As a commercial town naturally Colombo is no better— in fact, is worse—off than Galle. “ho harbor is open to all the fury of the sea, and small vessels, to keep clear of the greatest danger, are obliged to lay close in shore, While the large’craft anchor in tho offing. As Galle must attribute ite commercial importance to its convenience in the line of steam intercourse, Colombo is an important, and at pre- sent the only, outlet, unless by Gallo—which is out of the way—for the immense suppliea of coffee sent down from the central province. This source of trade, which is yearly growing in valuo and extent, is the great mov- ing power of business hero, and ia destined to make Co- lombo the groat mart and market of Coylon. This fact, howovor, will not detract from the importance of Gallo in its way, as this ey is too far out of the line and too difficult of approach to entice steamers—excepting a Iine, yet to be started—to ita harbor. If it were practi- cable, combining the steam shipping of Galleand the large exportation of the sta) of the island at this place wend speedily mike Cama the ruling city in the I find the European inbabitants here given to some life. Upon my arrival this morning found that four maces were set down for this afternoon, the second during the week. Of course, at the appointed hour of four, I visited the pe Henao which tay out- side of tho fort, on the lie road. The course is oval, and about a milo and a quarter in length— the fast quarter being enclosed by a light railing of cano strips. At the end stands the judges’ platform, a rustic structure, built of cane and cocos-nut wood, and heavily thatched. On this I observed the Governor of the island and several other official dignitaries, a mumber of officers from the garrison and representatives from civil life, besides a goodly galaxy of ladies, Within the iuterlor lino of the course were several thousand human doings, about as picturesque a sot as ever | have seen. There were Europeans, ladios and gentlemen, attired in European fazhions, and many driving about or quietly ated in thoir carriages. There wore the hall casto ugnese, about the color of a quadroon, and Greased in some instances like the Europeans; in others, with a cont, but no breeches—the latter want being supplied by the camboy of the natives. There were Moormen, with their long sack-like coats; Cheltios, dressed in white; Singhalese men, perfectly baro from the waist up, the women dressed’ as the men, with the addition of small jacket; tho low caste rigged up with a simple cloth around the Jovns,” and nime-tenths of the children in fine specimens of the ante-fig leaf pori with this crowd wore a number of boys and women aé¢ll- ing beetle nuts, tobacco, cigars, cocoa-nut toddy, arradk, banauas, and so forth. In addition to the cries of these smal! venders, there was & bewildering din of voices and apart to admit of plenty ‘of room for the spread of the - lateral brat ‘upon which the “cherry, grows. The coffee blossom is white; the newly f Cherry is light green, which when ripe becomes ‘The whole plantation is picked over during the season three til time none but. the red cherries being gathered—the third picking gonerally com the crop, The cherry is. now puiped—that ts, the hull ig taken off by means of machinery; the coffee i then dried in the thin parchment covering loft after ing. After drying oach grain ts carofully oxamined women pickers, who aagort it into the varieties or under which it enters.the markets, There is a wild coffee known as the jungle hemp | raised bythe inatives, and furnishes the main supply home consumption. A small quantity of this variety also reaches the markets annually. LG uelgt be ox, oe hee connection that I should speak of gqolie 3 ‘comprises a large share of the aggrogate iabor onthe isiand I will reserve this for a subsequent letter, where the subject can be more Cully dealt with. Particularly as. it is, one.ip ‘which we aga nation, are not uninterested, I wish to give as mi information as possible,.and this can only be done by _ further tnveatigation. At three o'clock in the afternoon the png, reachod the terminus of its line at Rambodde, and stfll Ffound my- _ self thirtoon milos from this point.’ But, having provided for this émergoncy, I sent a pony abead to rido the rest of the journey. during @ conversation over, the dinner table, that ‘@ number of ‘short cute” directly over the mountains, and commanding a fine view of Rambada the distance could be reduced te eight miles, I stat my animal around by tho Le while, with the assistance of a guido, I made my way SY foot by the “short cuts.” Though this sort exerciag ¥ 4 ¢ i is tern produced a very rapid-inflation and compression of the respiratory ops: the ren from Gna dyedpeabny J was grand in the extreme, ering over head w moustaln masses of Nowora Elia, on tho loft lay the wild landscape of Rambada pase, while extended beautiful valleys, innumerable waterfalls, ca cades and sliver streams, but not so lovely asthe wind ing Kostmalie Oya.- On my way I also passed thi e number of coffee flelds, ranging on the maximum alt of its successful growth. Having lost myself in admiration ofthe delighttal scenery, I found at dark’ I: iad still four miles of journcy to perform. As there is but very short twil in this latitude, I very soon found mysolf in the m: 8 most impenetrable ‘ness. The mountains and lofty troes on each side of the ee oe niceuen petual clouds of guch high el ngs multi the difficultiés of my _ situation. iy only trast jto the guide and me. About (lem, 8 pair of, kala followed my party odious yells, Stopped. within the door of tee mountain rest, of this piace, I felt eminently satisfied. of several hundred Newera Ellia 1 a village —- tants, and the raet ney during the hot months pumbers of visitors from. parts of the isiand § The climate, though rather wot, is Cool and/brasing, by all to be healthy: ‘the town is beautifully sit on the Nowera KE. in pata, on the loft rising the 1 peak of Pedro Tall ila, Cight thousand three hi and twenty feet im height, and the loftiest point on the ‘Having a little spare time, I arose at four o'clock thie ee cen nae ei ama gi ge od jour ‘an hour and ® cl 5 rer rocks T wetaaaion the eummit, Wa mote ene in a dense cloud. a after thirty font waiting, I descended, with groater vele- plantati which are said to Aa I was ‘obliged to tako this be ready for the next mail I ee oe any want we ter Nuolgberry hills, 3 Meothorn Iota Our Kandy Correspond Kanor, Island of Oayion, Sept. 10, 18q8. ove navel id a Singalese, Tamil, | ance and Growth-The Shipment of Ooijee for 1802 an@ an ‘a dozen others. There wore four horses enitored. At precisoly four | 1803—Printsof Interpst im Kandy Bhe Gar. ‘o'clock the first race took. piace between two horses, the den—The Bazaars, Coolies, dc. ‘This town ia situated seventy miles in the interior, am@ is reached directly from. Colombo, by stago. It is the centre of trade in this province, and possesses a popular winner com:ng im about thirty yards abead. At intervals of balf an hour the other races followed. In tho third four horses participated, the two leaders con‘esting the prize closely. The fourth and last race was the ‘abd Seems nose of she Fane, bowen, (rere roped. tion of ton thousand, It business is extensive, it being able; still they gave mach e: jo the crow: wore at itacostod in the natives, who were intensely fete main source of supply of the planters and.coolies of Absorbed in betting in proportion to their means. Con- | tho oOffeé ‘estate, ‘The location of tho is about siderable sums changed hands, Tho day’s sporta having | three thousand feet above the level of the sea, and yet finished, tho crowd qiitetly dispersed. s of ‘oD many conntenancéy. indicated their good luck, and numerous patives wont to thoir the surrounding hills tower above at a still groater height of from cight to twelve hundred feet.’ Of all ston, tom, the coffee plant cam be seen growing in its greatest per fection; and upon very good authority Iam told there are no less thas four hundred estates in tho vicinity of Kandy alone, The: central province, of which Kandy ts tho capital, is the second te sise.and most: dampertant on the island, =~ It covers the larger part of the mountain fone, and hasaa: arcg of five thousand one hundred and ninety-one square milos, but net more than.about.three hundred thousand population. On the various ostates in the province there ogee richor by enough rupees to furnish curry and rice 2. ral vem by the Governor, is going on. e sounds of music, the excitement of the Pigg Dh emg Bo hm are two hundred thousand Tamil laborers, from Southera able from my hot LI learn this ball is the in India, employed. Where ends the cultivation. of AJ Freep tabenels, tet ao ar rice commences; #0 that the as well as the mous- Governor is quite @ prim-looking individual, and ap. | ¢aias.aro-coxered with useful crops. Pajontt Crew recreations, stan In the province there are twenty-six districts, all suite “ted Lom yr imeparedince 1, | ablo-for the cultivation of coffee. Tho most recently Your non art tic Oat Seni e Cais | opened i# Badulla, of Ouvah, This district tw of seventy-two miles, with the soabanrtl road | rising rapidly in importance, snd great energy 4s already in running order aa fares Amborpusiee, thirty’ | and: lacgo eapital ‘aro. being invested in: ontaten for publ Kt 7 aa oe ae areas At the present rate of increase, within a few distance ‘and | yours the number of ostates in the province, which now speedy red range in the neighborhood of ‘nige hundred, will have oF this been doubled. The exports’ of coffee in the year 1862 ea~ ceoded. six hundred thousand hundred weight. valucdet = one million five hundred theusasd pounds, andthe ture = + out af 1963 was close on eight hundred thousand hundred The the chief | weight. The completion of the railroad now in.course bea Hoa, | of construction between this point, and., Colombe, will soil ts fertile, end in- | largely enhance the inducaments to gtow coffee. Tho principal points of interest in. Kandy are the torior, ‘the Governor's House, a Budshist tompls of great — o- Botanical ‘Tho laticr is situ ‘ Pedisn. a subarban vi of Kandy, and.is an cates. Newsns Eu1u, Island of Ceylon, Sopt 9. 1965. prise worthy of the commendation Hore ail The Journey to Newera Bllia—The Coffer Katates— Where the setve a $553 PA ‘oom The Ratater of Mesers. Worms— arrival | {2atq out with walks and drives, and is a plese sonable resort cock hours of the ev: eiweieeety batore pm ty in # clrole, ie i 9 os Immedi ecomn beautiful collection ee > pale an fling matter, and only persons in pursuit of information, Dusiness, or fugitives from the heats of the low countries ever undertake it. ‘Taking the royal mall enach yesterday morning, Tlatt Kandy by the bridge over tho Mabawella Guags, bY Tontered the town from Colombo, | On the opposite of the river, instoad of ascending slong the #idé of s spur of the mountain by the right, we pursudd & tiftal valley at the base of the same sper, but oA the left, ‘The road iteclt was father uadulating, but rao continually in view in the valley below of an endiées be: consion of paddy delée or row terraces, in which tho 'xn- ave Lt thé cereal int ss from 7 toa ity nent ot tere ova, a elo th be og pon st tet anna ae Proportion of the food of the eoolies om the estaten. . Shops. are more niches tn’ the walls of te frst story. After » ride of three toute We reached Aiatance of twotve miles, ‘The toed at this point becom.