The New York Herald Newspaper, August 14, 1865, Page 2

2 —_—_—_—_— 'FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. eee Sunpay, ‘The stock market has been dull and tied during the week, owing to apprehensions of tary stringency and the absence from town of many fhe speculative brokers. The current of speculation has, fhowever, been in favor of a rise, although the volume of Dusiness was not sufisiently large to give the market o @ecidedly upward turn. It has been more an ‘out giders’’’ than an “insiders’”’ market, and hence it hag lacked motive power. Notwithstanding that money has ‘Deen in brisk demand at seven per cent, and very active- Jy otroulated, there was no material pressure felt on the Stock Exchange, and confidence in higher prices is 80 generally entertained that very few of the bears are will- ing to put out options. Towards the close of the wook some at temand thirty days were noticeable, but 123, ises. unset only to a limited extent. The curtailment of the loanable resources of the national bagks has produced fears in some quarters that a stringent money market may be the Consequence; but these are without reason. With a thousand millions of currency in circulation and the ‘mount constantly on the increase, and while the Trea- gary remains dependent upon the issue of certificates of indebtedness, there can be no real stringency. Even if the government applies to the banks for a loan, which it @ay have occasion to do before the meeting of Congress, dts disbursement will be so arranged as hardly to inter- fore with tho course‘of’ the money market. Of late the Supply of currency.at this centre bas been less than usual, owing to the lodgment} of an unusually large @um in the Treasury and the Sub-Treasuries. The total underwent a reduction last week, however, of more than Shree millions in this vity alone, and about eleven mil- Tions of interest on seven-thirty notes will be payable on ‘Tuesday next, There will be a certain amount of with- drawals for crop-moving purposes; but a portion of the funds employed upon the woo! crop 18 already finding its ‘way back, and it is not presumable that the drain south~ ‘ward will exoved the increase of the national bank circu- Tation. There has been a moderate demand for discounts at ZaQper cent for the best grade of commercial paper, aud 10a 12 for the second. " ‘The gold market was firm upto Thuraday, when it sud- only broke under the continaed sales of the Sub-Treasury ‘and the reports from Washington of heavy retrench- ment in army and navy expenditures. The bulls who predicted a rise inthe premium under the feeding pro- ess of the government have witnessed a contradiction of their predictions. The policy of thus privately soll- ing the public gold is open to-condemnation; but it is Bupposed to have been as much dictated by shrewd mo- tives, subversive of the hopes and projects of the gold Speculators, as from a desire to add to the amount of money available for the payment of public creditors. Practically, therefore, it may be a source of temporary benoit to the Treasury, but as it is unauthorized by Con- gress under present conditions, and as this depletion of its coffers will prove only a source of weakness to it in the future, it is by no means an unqualified good. ‘The supply of cash gold has been very abundant, and loans have boen made only by payment of interest on the currency. \. The extreme quotations on the street were :— Highest, Lowest. Monday.. - 14 14336 Tuosday 1 144% 14434 ‘Wednead: 143% ‘Thursday 142) Friday. 14034 Saturday 140% ‘The highest and lowest prices since the end of July Ihave been 1454 and 140%;. Foreign exchange gradually improved during the week, Gnd bankers’ sterling at sixty days closed at 108% a 109, with sales through brokers at 108%. In view of the Prospective further advance of the Bank of England Yate of discount drawers are charging 4}; per cent on the difference of time between thoir sight and long bills. Government securities have been firm, notwithstanding the decline of the five-twenties to 6944 in London and the decline in gold; but it ts safe to infer that without a stronger gold market there can be no advance in these @ccunties beyond what is warranted by the increase of the accrued interest. ‘The following table shows the quotations of the leading hares at the noon session of the Stock Exchange at the Close of the last four weeks:— Stocks, Fuly22, Fuly29, Aug. 6. Aug, 12, 164 169 165 43 = 34g = 336 ey 72 1036 10% 270" agp —* 1013 107 =—-1088 10844 1084¢ 2t 213% BRIG BIG & Northwestern pf 61% = 62, «62% 6215 Burlington&Qa'y. — 2 _ 11234 on 9975 iit 124 56 _ 107 106% The aggregate value of the imports, other than dry goods, a! this port during the week ending Angust 11 ‘was $2,151,688. The total imports for the week com- pare as follows :— Werk A 1 Aug.4, July. July 21. ++ $2,885, 755 0d Dry goods. 3,009,348 1,320,102 9,266,850 Gen 'T mdso., 2131688 2,385,010 2/947,227 | 2/839,606 Totah... 95,017,443 6,494,308 4,267,320 ‘The Now York imports of dry goods for the week com- pare as follows with former returns:— For the week, 1863, , 1864, Ratored at the port.. .$1,668,968 1,533,626 Thrown on market... 1,603,571 "760,844 Since Jan. 1. Enverod at the port. .$58,515,000 63,656,456 37,835,502 Thrown on market,, 38,661,290 47,984,391 42;451,015 The Syn Mutual Insurance Company of this city will pay on the Ist of November an interest 'of 6 per cent on fitx wrip, and on the Ist of February a further inierest divitond ofd1s per cent. at The shipments of specie from the port of New York Jest werk, and since January 1, compare as follows with the exports during the same time last year:— 1864. $341,483 31,107,316 1 2,985,755 2,861, 12: 1865. 324,018 Thirty second week ...... 18,547,001 Previously reported. Total... 18,871,019 Excess to 1364, = 812,472,180 ‘The registered debt of the United States is at present fess than that of only one other nation in the world gamely, Great Britain—and In this connection it may be useful and suggestive to refer to the aggregate indebted wes of all the other prominent countries of the world, together with their populations and the rate per capita: | Pe Head Countria: National Debt, Population. £e @ United Kingdow .£190,000,000 20,000, a7 6 0 jsesse+ 9,000,000 8,600,000 26 11 4,600,000 222,000 20:18 7 100,000,000 30,500,000 it 0 0 30,000,000. 4,000,000 7 10 0 107,000,000 16,000,000 6 1s 0 224,000,000 35,000,000 6 8 0 26,200,000 = 4,500,000 15 9 26,000,000 4,600,000 h 14 0 7,900,000 1,800,000 3:15 0 1,600,000 273,000 6 OB 9,600,000 2,100,000 4:10 6 12,000,000 2,600,000 4 9 0 4,000,000 1,070,000 3 14 0 231,000,000 75,000,000 3 I 3 42:000,000 18,000,000 2.7 0} 5,000,000 1,700,000 2:18 0 600 000 204,000 «20 2 15,600,000 1,700,000 «1:19 2 1,500,000 = 1,400.000 1 2 9 1,600,000 1,600,000 1 o 0 1,700,000 8,700,000 0 8 ‘The détatls of the annual expenditure and revenue per a ——Per Head of Popruation - Expos. even. be ar. £4. % 4. ited Wibgtom 282 De 2.0 4 (1863) 4 0 O12 7 3u [108 068 6 12 —<=—-— 134 a3 206 16 513 tae Oe ie | 57 3 maw £56 Bu 2 on 6 O97 OM 4 orway 100. = — O18 4 126 Dockicen '*} 180, = 1 8 413 Beresiets, 1A —— 6 7 9 (1862) 180 Mande | 1862, a 6 0 181) 98S O17 1 (1862) B71 016 3 (1860) 312 0 1 8 cam) aa9 & vir (Wehy 416 1b Ak (1869). 2 1 ‘The fonowing national banks have been authorized by Secretary of the Treasury a» additional depositories ap euo mone —2he ome Qi Naiene 60,000 + arena to date, with capital of. ¥ aD aggreapte . $370, eee eel eine tate ee banks for the . ‘The banking capital of Chicago amounts to the follow- } ing aggregate:— ‘Twelve national bank: 'welve nati 8. Pete 000,000 $8, 654, 780, ‘Two corporate institut! Five private banks... Total......ecseeseee The Governor of AVisconsin has the Gener: Land Office at Washington s map of chem $f line of. the route of the Chicago and North Railroad, authorized by a resolution of Congress, approved April 25, 1862, As originally located, it was in a northwestern direction from the town of Appleton, on the Fox river, to the State line between Wisconsin and Michigan, As changed, the road follows along the river to its mouth at Green Bay, then up the shore of the lake, and striking the State line near the mouth of the Menomonee river. The Clevéland and Pittsburg Railroad earnings are estt- mated for the month of July as follows, at the office of Increase........++++ setteceeecereeseses SILOIE ‘The receipte of the Racine and Mississippi and North- ern Ilinois Railroads during the week ending August 7 amounted to $13,013; increase over the earnings for the same time last year, $3,632. The Marietta and Cincinnati Ratlroad earned during the first week In August $25,026, which shows an in- crease over the receipt for tho same time in 1864 0f $6,496. The following table shows the amount of flour and win in store in Chicago on the 6th inst., compared with the amouat at the same time last year:— . Aug. 5, 1864. Aug. 5, 1865, Flour, bbis.. 3,035 e 14,000 Wheat, bush: ‘769,417 833,221 465.625 210,776 20,709 60,308 ‘ i ‘The amount of coal shipped on the Schuylkill Naviga tion Canal for the week ending on the 10th instant was 31,648 tons. From Port Carbon, 8,191 tons; from Potts- ville, 2,100; from Schuyikill Haven, 19,626; Port Clinton, 1,781—making 308,623 tons for the season, 515,771 to the same time Jast year. , The amount of coal transported over the Reading Railroad for the .week ending on the 10th instant was 70,209 tons anthracite, and 9,448 bituminous. From Port Carbon, 7,277 tons; from St. Giair,. 15,770; from Pottsville, 4,030; from Schuyikil!. Haven, 30,170; from Auburn, 4,358; from Port Clinton, 11,624; from Harris- burg and Dauphin, 67—making 1,600,370 tons for the against 2,034,379 tons to same time last year, The coal dealers of Boston held a moeting on Saturday *and decided to advance the price to eleven dollars per ton. One bundred shares of the stock of the Acton Mining Company were sold in Boston on Saturday for one cent per share. The Boston Traveller of Saturday says:— The closes with a fair degree of activity to gene- The financial aspect is improving, and no trouble is experienced by borrowers to good credit, who have satisfactory security to offer tolenders, tn obtaining temporary accommodation of banke and capitalists at six per cent, although more is charged on time joans and weak pledges. e discount rates for the best endorsed notes, and also for single notes of favorite firms having few months to run, are from seven to cight por cont; but the other kinds are rather uncalable. The ge share market continues dull, and there is very little speculative activity amoug the dealers. There is more doing in gold and government bonds than in anything else, but the operations in them are not very extensive. CITY COMMERCIAL REPORT. Sunpat, August 13, 1865. Asuss.—Receipts, none. The demand for both kinds was wholly to supply the immediate requirements of consumers, and prices were without material change. ‘The sales were at $7 62% for pots, and $7 75 for pearls. Barravsturre.—Receipts, 9,442 bbls, flour, 1,064 do, and 1,000 bags corn meal, 67,736 bushels wheat, 137,510 do. corn, 56,440 do. oats, and 16,925 do. rye. The demand for all grades of flour was not #0 active as yesterday, but prices were generally steady. State and Western flour was moderately active, with sales of 8,000 bbls. at our quotations below. Southern flour was steady. The sales comprised 450 bbie, Canada flour was quiet, but prices remained steady. The sales comprise 250 bbis. Rye flour remained quiet and unchanged. Corn meal was moderately active and firm at our quotations. We + $6 90a 615 +» 65008 655 +6 + 60a 666 Common to medium extra Western. Sia 690 Extra round hoop Ohio. 795 a 8 30 Western trade brands, 8360 965 Common Southern. -7Ha 9b Fancy and oxtra do. 9 20 a 12 60 Common Canadian. 5 60a 680 Good to choice and extra. 602 9 25 Rye flour (superfine 5 60a 610 Corn meal, Jersey. 49a 500 Corn moal, Brandywine 6 00a 6 75 Corn meal, Brandywine, piincheons. 202 — —Spring wheat was dull and drooping, though prices were without important change, while winter, being scarce and wanted, was held firmly at an advance of le, a 2c. per busbel; the sales embraced 75,000 bushels at | $1 45 at $1 46 for No! 1 Milwaukee, $144 « $146 for | Chicago spring, $206 a $2 07 for amber Michigan, and | $1.96 for winter red Western, Barley and malt remained | dull and prices were entirely nominal. Rye was in bet nd and prices were a shade firmer; the sales in- 500 bushels Western at 96c. a 97c, The corn ‘as moreactive, but prices, though without ma- erin! change, were scarcely #0 firm; the sales were 74,- ri @ 89. for unsound, Ole, a 92c. for sound mixed Weeterm, and 920, 9 92)¢c, for high mixed nearly yellow, Outs remained eieady with a fair busi- nese doing in Western at 660. a 65 5 Comver was fairly active, at full prices, The sales were | 100 bags Jamaica on private terms, 4,000 do. Rio, per | Votkyrien, on private terms Cortos.-The marke! was rather more steady for al grades. 2,000 bales sold at our annexed quotations: Upland. Florida. Mobile, N.O.8T. | Ordinary. .. ot 36 36 87 | Middling. . 44 44 45 46 + aT 7 48 49 ‘The market wae dull, and rates were en- | tively nominal. There wae nothing offering for Liverpool or London, and the only engagements we heard of were 600 tobaceo for Bromen, per steamer, at 428. 6d., } and 600 cases do. at 20°. The charters were:—To Cadiz, 40e., or if to Valentin or Aticante, 36e.; a schooner to | Mobile and back, $4,500, one, fri wark to Philadel vate terms Hors.— The warket remained firm under @ etoady in- quiry from the trade fi consumption, The sales were 90 bairs common to prime at from lbe. a 800, and 20 bales exten taney at She. a 4b¢ Moiasis The market was steady, and prices for all | descriptions rémained firm. Pstkotkem.—Receipte 286 bbl, The market was quiet, but prices for both crude and refined were very steady. 2,000 bbls, sold at d2c. a B2)j0. for crade, 624¢0, | 8 5%¢. for refined, in bond, and 7 ‘Tae. for do., free. Provisiowe —Receipte, 1,329 bbls. pork and 60 do, lard The pork market at ommencement was somewhat exeited, and prices ruled higher under an improved de- mand; but Fubsequently the excitement subsided a vices had a downward tendency, new mese closing Beavity at $92 75, The vales were 9,600 bbis. new mess At $32 75 a $38 GO for new mess, $29 50 a $31 for ob do, $24 for prime and $27 $28 for prime mess giso for August and September delivery, selle option, about 7,000 bbis new mcen sold-at 8 $33. market remained firm, with Jess business doing, the sales sep meaed cuden oes a mess, apy rd prices a shatle firmer, though not akbe Cat steady, with sales i) naakeay % lbs iis | into weapons ayainst the ba aae8teF too for , which, alenisy & sage proverb 8) cortain: elasa of polt- |. Uicians, Ae Task wi dk Ru obialy, representative institutions ich for some tim rumor speaks, or if I. inquire when will Ruasia more literal commercial policy for her own benefit that of other countries, the wariable apswrer “Oh, Russia’ is too unripe.” In is to be the watehword ofa party in Russia ‘wn.’ ripe”, for its own, purposes, It, is the of, the. government, or, as they are here eres he % crats,"’ that appear’ to koop’ young strings, and to- watch over the attempts ghaanakes to use her little legs withthe, care. and:anxiety ofa fond and doting parent. Thi solicitude is ‘accounted for when we consider how many child, and “how: fraotious,and rebellinus)it- has peen at times; and there is no doubt that tuechild iagettingyery tired of the nursery and of pardntal control, and is cager to show what it-can do of itself. 5 But before we can fully understand and appreciate the state of public feeling in Russia, gyea with the, assistance. of St. Petersburg politicians, we must pass in’shiort re- view the principal episodes ‘of tho'reigniof the present: sovereign. We all know what, the reign of the ‘‘Neyer- to-be-forgotten Nicholas’’ was; and we can well imagino the reaction which must have taken place when tho heavy giant hand of the tyrant was removed, ‘and the suffering Russian people breathed more freely, Tho Em- poror Alexander made peace with the allies, disgraced ‘and severely punished some of bis father's ‘ministers, generals and civil officora, fur glaring ‘and: notorious acta of corruption, and then set, ut legislating and reforming, ea, down ahd putting up men and institutions with the assistance of numerous ¢om- mittees, into which atl the honesty and intelligence then available was draughted. St.- Petersburg became one huge parliament i permanent session over the affairs of the nation. But there was thus early no adequate or } 1st representation of ali classes of the community. Liberalism in those days meant war to the knife to the landed proprietors, who, tt was assumed, wouldbe averse to emancipating tho serly. It was:then that the line was drawn between the servants of the crown and the gentry or nobility. The bureaucrats made political capital out of tho old misdoings of the sorfholders. Tho tales of the suilerings’ which. the people “had undergone were most heartrending, Crimes were brought to Nght for which ° hanging or the knout would have ¥2en but slight oxpiation. \ The landed proprietors were bloodthirsty, unscrupulous slave- rivers, and as such should beexterminated. Credit was given for but few exceptions to the general rule. This was the state of feeling at St. Petersburg when the labors of the Serf Emancipation Committee commenced by or- der of tho Emperor. The landed proprietors were cer- tainly consulted in form as to the manner and terms of emancipation, but the measure as a whole isto be at- tributed to the officers of the crown, headed as were, and atill are, by the Grand Duke Constantino, who de- elared at the imperial council table that he “spat upon the nobles." Ihave made caroful inquiries into the temper of the sorf-holding class at that period, and the perusal of several works of authority has confirmed me in the im- pression that the imperial government committed a great error in treating the landed proprietors with’ contempt and tndifference at the emancipation. First, it served the purpose of, the Tsar Boris Godunof (6 establish sorf- dom, with the view hates oie | the adhesion of his nobles; and it was equally the policy of all his succes- sors, down to Alex: ir IL, to confirm the privileges thus ted in return for the politica! rights which were ab- Sreated in favor of a powerful autocracy. That is, the ar- rangoment was as follows:—The Tsar sald to the landed proprietora:—‘Iam sole lord and master at Moscow; you may rule uncontrolled on your estates.” This was Certainly a great privilege, although on looking back it is plain’ that it was a poor recompense for the time-hat- lowed right of popular council and deliberation which the le were forced to give up. Serfdom was main- tained in the country because there was serfdom at the court of the autocrat, whose power was necessarily based on slavery. Socondly, in the reign of Nicholas it was a Crime punishable by exile and hard labor im the wastes of Siberia even to mention such a reform as the eman- cipation of the serfs. The government of Nicholas bad established no distinction betweey the autocratic power aud the hehe which were, on the contrary, both and both, it was then feared, might be over- of the Comte i hece ay pation not discouraged and rigorou: Io sapiored nie plates. however, the rare ror ¢ ministers m prope ig the draft of a alsantre of emancipation, but “hi idden Geathi'tett the work undone, The Emperor Alexander his suecessor, was obliged to take up the question in all haste, for the landed proprietors tition tor a removal of the curse of slavery. of the Northwestern or old’ Polish ‘themselves: in to ‘he nob! of doi pening hate natural adversaries, and preached the ne- cesaity of making the sorfs Lise weer of the land they occupiod as well as masters of their own actions. nobles, on the other hand, repres*uted that it would bo unjust’ to deprive them of such large portions of their leg Ce a el no edu jon—for 6 Em r Nichol had almost forbidden the education ‘of the abant—of no energy—because energy had been ur little ‘ure to the serf, whose property was un- conditionally his master’s—a Class, moreover, whose in- stincts would at once pat them in anti ism with the landed Fed ming whore estates would be thrown out of cultivation from the want of labor. They urged these and many other reasons against making the poasants proprietors of and, but they urged in vain; for, partly under the influence of the sedactive doctrines of Poctalien (then a novelty in Russia), partly from a dosire to reward the peasants for their centuries of oppression, but chiefly from motives of political gelf-preservation, the officials carried the day, and the Russian boor land a8 well as liberty. It would be tedious to recapita- late the terma of emancipation, which must be stil! freeh in the memories of most of your readers. Suffice it to say that cach male serf obtain: allotment of sethedoen tion to his cottage and garden, of which the mn and minimum extent was calculated according” to tl fortility or otherwise of each district. The allotments ranged between two and a half and thirty acres. The papeetey obtained the “perpetual usufruct” of such fora small payment or fee to the ox-proprietor, regulated by officers of the government; can still acquire the freehoki of it by contract and arrangement through the mediation of special officers named “arbiters of the peace.” The landed proprictor in this care re- the valve of the land ceded in government bonds ing five and six per cent interest in terminable an. nuities, the try reimbursing the by a pay- ment of #ix per Cent on the advances made during a period or forty-nine years, ‘The rent of the larfl was capitalized varied according to the district and was pase ng of the Emancipation act; this made it ith the landed proprietor and the peasant to cede and to purchase the land with the ance of the government. A deduction of twenty per cent of the ennus) capitalized payment is made from the amount id by the government in the shape of annuity, and is Fovted by the proprietor himself from the peasants, either in kind or in money. Many how: ever, bave relinquished the twenty per cent, or have fount it diMcult to exact, and are therefore obliged to be Fatisiied with the eighty per cent of the capitalized value which the State secares to them. Asa rule, the land ‘was estimated at the emancipation at more than its real value, So that, even with the lors of twenty per cent | not recoverable from the peasant, and a further loss of twenty per cent on the realization of the redemp- tion bonds, the proprietor still gets a compen- sation that ig about enual to the selling price of his land im the present state of the market, which is, however, exceedingly low. The Polivt proprietors in the northwest provinces were averse to the rbitrary valuation of the land at the time of frami: the act, and insisted upon the appointment of commis. sions to determine the value of the rent. They hoped to influence the commi but these were converted lords of the soil by General who sent Russian officials to do the work, 4 an ordinance giving the proprietors only eighty per cent of rent capitalized, without even the option, ae in Russia, of recovering the remain. ing twenty per cent from the peasant. Later those proprietors were forced by imperial ukase to sell any jond that the peasunts might wish to purchase with the assistance of government. There was a very general apprehension, I am told, last winter among the landed proprietors of Russia proper, that the game obnoxious ordinance, so subversive of the rights of property, would be applied to them, but the imperial government denied any such intention. Up to the lst pom) of June, 1865, the peasants had purchased freeholds jo the extent of thirty millions sterling, of witch almost one half was due by ihe proprietors on mortgages held by government credit institutions. There had been nineteen thourand #ix hundred and eighty sev ttiements with proprictors up to that date, aud th coded had been bought at an average price of B48. an aci An allotment of about eight acree (the average holding of a mate serf) Was thus purchased in freehold for about £18 128. Having thus briefly siated the principal features of the emancipation measure, I must reserve for my future let- ters an account of its eects, permeating, as they do, the whole body politic of Russia, whose precise condition will form the object of my studies and the subject of a correspondence which, 1 trust, Will not be found uninter- esting to your readers, * Buch ja his title in Russian bi The prosent Emperor has bitherio keom pivled well-inton- Monet’ NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 14, 1865. SLAVERY IN BRAZIL AND CUBA. The Effect of the American Rebellion. PROPOSED GRADUAL EMANCIPATION. AAl Slaves to be Free in Fifteen Years. French, Spanish and Brazilian Views on the Subject, S.,, &., a. | 70 THE BDITOR OF THE HERALD, | On the 17th of May, chéday preceding the sailing of }, the steamship Emily B. Souder from Rio de Janctro for , Now York, there were some vory importent projects of Jaws relating tothe abolishment of stavery introduced into the Senate by distinguished Brazilian Senators, an ac- | Count of which appears inthe Oorrevo Mercantil, publish- @4 theeucceeding day. This was translated tnto Eng- lish for the New York: press; oa our-voyage, by two of |, he passengers. 7 Tt has occurred to me to addsome remarks on the sub- fect. for the information of those of my countrymen who: may, not be familiar with Brasil ant institutions. A party opposed to the continuance of civil slavery has long. existod in Brazil, notwithstanding ¢he fact that a very large proportion of all the profitable labor of the country has beon and is performed by slaves, who, in- deed, constitute more than a third of the entire popula- tion, numbering perhaps nearly three millions of slaves. Nowhore, in the whole immonae territory (as largo as the United States) is there any couaidorable body of Bra- ziliaus who are not slaveowners; and it was among in- fluential, Brazilian “slayoowners that the plan for ulti mately abolishing slavery originated. But this party has not at apy time assumed an attitude similar to that of the’ anti-slavery party of the United States, nor, is It probable that it ever will, sound reason and not fanaticism being at the bottom of the Brazilian movement. The foundation of the de- site for abolishing slavery in Brazil ia laid in the idea that the permanent prosperity of the whole country will be promoted thereby. But slavery in Brazil, being a vast aud long standing national institution, ia which every part of an immense territory is more or less interested and involved, and upon which in a groat measure the whole past and present industry of the country is de- pendent, requires to be handled with the nicest skill and the soundest judgment, ¢ There are statesmen in Brazii—am whom is the Emperor—perfectly capable of managing a system of emancipation of the three millions of slaves now existing. m the empire, should the ma- jority of the general legislature concur in passing such « law of freedom; and for Brazil, the pro- es of laws submitted by Senator Viscount Jequitin- jonha and Senator Motta, seem to embrace all or nearly all the [Yoel sind features desirable. Enlightened statesmen of Brazit and of other parts of the world have not failed to perceive (thatthe tim» has arrived, or is near at hand, when the people of Brazil, who are now living under # constitutional empire, musi decide upon some final policy respect slavery in their land. The slave trade bas beon entirely and effectually and in perfectly feo faith abolished, and the importa- tion of slaves into i ceased some years ago; and there is not the slightest probability of ite renewal at any future riod. And this very important and most salutary measure was ¢ffected entirely through the energy and de- termination of the Brazilian ities, and not at all through any interference oa the part of the British or any other foreign government, This is a valuable fact, which should never be lost sight of by those who may wish (o study the subject of Braziltan slaves The policy of the Brazilian iment for many four has been very friendly towards the slaves, and facilities for thoir voltintary manumission by their own- ers have ‘ofore been extended; and freed siaves in Brazil at once stand upon @ equality with the free whites. ‘The social admixture of whit and blicks, which exists to some oxtent, another “matter ontirely. It is not general, though; there are many individual instances blacks holding responsible official positions arious departments of the government and in the Chureh. There is no political distinction in any respect between free and whites, Notwithstanding this very nopor- tant fact it is obvious that there is still a general lino of demarcation between the white and black races in Bra- ziL A fow, comparatively, of tire negroes are educated and intelligent, while the great mass among the three millions are yet uneducal although they sre cegtainiy intelligent enough in their respective (and forthe most part humble) positions in society. The negroes in Brazil are no more and no less, in point of development, than the cir- cumstances by which they are surrounded render them. It may be said, ‘m this connection, that mind of the people of Brazil is better for the reception of a system of emancipation than was the eral mind of the prople of the slaveholding States of the United States. reason for this, and perhaps ‘the’ pri- mary one, may be traced to the circumstance that the laws in the slave States of the ited States, although lishing the foreign slave trade, and also providing for the private individval emancipation of slaves, did not place the freed slave upon:a political equality with the whites, or elevate them socially, but merely left them, 80 long as they remained in the slave States, a limited freedom, all of the blacks still being under sp*cial laws, and the white authorities still maintaining a decided gur- voillance over them. The position I society of the freed slave was as dietingtly marked and separate, both political- ly and socially, as that of the slave yet in bondage. There may be another n inherent in the peculiar distine- tive characteristics@f the two peoples—of the United Btates and Brazil—so that, while amelgamation is not un common and not specially frowned upon in Brazil, it is utterly distasteful to the peaple generally of any and every State of the United States, Hence the establish- ment of social and political equality between the two races ts much Jess difficult im Brezil than it in the United States, It is, however, proper to mention that even in Brazil the refed and well educated would not pride themselves upon a union of their relatives with a negro, while the union of a white woman with a negro tn any walk of life is rare, From these considerations. it must appear that the overnmental mabagement of the slavery question in razil is quite different from the governmental manage. ment of slavery in the United States. The general enlightenment of mankind throughout the civilized world has induced the general conviction among the intelligent statesmen of most countries, that the in #titution of slavery on a predominating scale is not in harmony with the best form of government for an intel- ligent people; and that just in proportion as a people may have become enlightened, they ure prepared to un- derstand and maintain real free government—real demo- cratic government—as opposed to despotic government. A greater political error by ed the subject of human government (considering the light now in the world) has searcely ever been exbibited than the formation of the Southern confederacy in North America, based upon slavery as its primary, fundamental and vital principle, which carries within tt, and, in fact, upon its very face, the clement of its own destruction, The Brazilian con- stitutional (on og containing many of the best features of the United States constitution, is not only not founded on slavery asa basis, but the people and their Emperor, Dom’ Pedro II, take a sensible view of the whole subject of slavery, and they have up to the present time managed this great question in a common sense manner; and thero fs littie if any doubt, that if the Brazilians are not seriously iuterfered with and misled by foreign anti-slavery fanatics, of which there are plenty in the world, they will ultimately, in a yery Teasonable time, dispose of slavery in the best wi both for the slaves.and their whole people, and in peaceable manner. Should the proposed laws presented by Senators Viscount saiier met and § jotta be passed at thd present session of the Brazilian Chambers, slavery in Brazil will cease in fifteen years. Only Bra- zilians, or those who havo long resided in Brazil, can of properly judge ting the period for its final abolish- ment, anid only thowe who are willing and competent calmly to comsider and act for the real substantial wel- fare of the slaves, are fitted to legislate for Brazil apon this great subject. If, by means of a terrible andbloody civil war im the United States, slavery there shall be more summarily disposed of, if is not probable that it will prove so advan- tageous for the slaves themselves as the milder and wiser method now proposed in Brazil. For while thoughtial men not specially wedded to slaxery maj readily rant that slavery is an evil among mankind, they will also know and ‘understand that it is not the only evil in the world, and that its eradication need net necessarily be made to involve the tearing of society to pieces, hen all evil can be eradicated from among mankind there will be no longer need for any beman government whatever, But that day will never come while human nature exists, Rk At Sua, May 25, 1865, | PROPOSED LAW ABOLWAHING SLAVERY IN BRAZIL. (Translated for the New Youe Hraato from the Correo Mercantil of Ato Janeiro, May 18.4 The General Leglolatrire resolve :— ARTICLE 1. In the oy eni of slaves found they shall not be judicially sold. Ta such cases where the owners do Not present themse) vos within three months, observing all the order and 89.ermnity and fegulations in force, the police authority ey Ji of the ans’ Court shall rant them letters of on! ; and when these poss Hand Loy should their master or owner aftor- lati law slavos, bis clay m shall not bi receives Ant. 2. In, of an inherit where there’ arb no accessory ORY guded Hines oh onl; a Bit aso with houses Ant. 11. The’ government’ fs auth to decree all police measures may think n for the true and wholesome execution of the law. 4 VISCOUNT JEQUITINHONEA Spxats Caakner, May 17, 1866. The Viscount Jequitinh Senator, offered the fol- ening: Project of a law relating to national slaves in Tho General Legislature resolve:— Armco 1. The government ébal! pass laws of enfran- chisoment to all slaves, male and female, nelongina se. the nation, allowing those who may be judged fit for the army to.volunteer in the troops of the line. Arr. 2, All public lands.on. which these slaves have belonged shall be divided into.sections, to be perpetual, a8 may seem, best for the public good. The government shall fix the price of the lands, to be paid on taking ion, according to the appraised value, which shall be five per cent. Art. 3. Those slaves, male and temale, who on account of sickness or age cannot maintain themselves by their own industry, notwithstanding they are free according to right, ehall reccive assistance from the above mon- tioned lands as long as they live or desire it. Ant, 4. All laws to the contrary uro hereby revoked. VISCOUNT JEQUITINHONHA. SevaTs Caaupnn, May 17, 1865. Laid on the table to be taken up in order. PROPOSED LAW RESPECTING FOREIGNERS OWNING SLAVES IN BRAZIL. Mr. Senator Motta, after a preamble, offered the follow- bi way of a law:— General Legistature resolve :— Articts 1. Foreigners residing in this empire are pro- hibited from acquiring or owning slaves. Arr. 2. Foreigners actually owning staves shall be obliged to dispose of them within two years, under pain of having them declared free. Apr. 3. All laws to the contrary are hereby revoked. SILVEIRA DA MOTTA. Savarese Onawesr, May 17, 1865. Slavery in Brazil ‘olo’ BFFORTS IN PAVOR OF EMANCIPATION AND THE PRO- HIBITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN BRAYIL—THE EMPEROK DOM PEDRO URGED BY HIS SENATORS TO ABOLISH THE RVIL, ETC. {Translated for the Naw York Heratp from the Paris Journal des Debats of July 20.) ‘The emancipation of the slaves in the United States is one of those events which hold a prominent place in history; it is a fresh indication of the poren of humanity, a stop forward in the path ‘preset by the gospel. Such a reform not only redodnds to the lasting honor of the country in which it may occur, but its in- fluence extends indirectly far and wide. The United a the Span’ States, by abolishing slavery throughout the Union, have | given the abominabte institution its déath blow wherevor it still exists. Ove need not be a prophet to’ su predict that before the end of the nineteent contury < slavery will have ceased to exist, and that our children will have but a hearsay knowledge of the cruelties which, to the disgrace of Christianity, have 80 long afflicted the African race, and rendered the negra the victim of nations which claim to be civilized. Forty yoars ago England got rid of ‘the terrible evil. France followed in 1848, and Holland and North. America have imitated their noble exam) go that at the present day there remain but two Christian countries where slavery stil! prevails, viz:—Brazil aud Spain—the latter tolerating slavery in her colonies. These two;conntries cannot long resist the current; but which will be the first to become free? Recent advices lead us to hope that it will be Brazil. On the 17th ofthe month of May Inst two important motions were made in the Brazilian Senate—one by Vis- count Jequitinhonha, Senator from the province of Bahia; and the other by Mr. Silveira da Motta, Senator.from the ‘as, Under the name of Sefior Montezu- ma, Viscount be hi yea has played » prominent part iu Brazilian politics since the declaration of independence in 1822. Mr. Silveira da Motta has been known since 1860 as the steadfast friend of progressive emancipetion. Inst year he brought a bill betore the Senate to prohibit the gov- ernment, religious orders and foreigners from holding siaves. ‘Mr. Silveira’s object in this was to gradually re- duce the extent of slavery, so that private individuals might be finully induced to emancipate their slaves through the humane example set them by both the gov ernment and the Churcb. ‘This bill did not last year, but Mr. Silveira bas returned to the charge this year with a motion (hat at least foreigners be prohibited from trafficking in slaves or holding the unfortunate creatures in servitude. This motion ix most moderate, aud is but the appiication to foreisners of their own civil law, for at the present day the codes of all the nations of Europe, with the exception of Spain, condemn and prohibit slavery. We learn from Rio Janeiro that Mr. Silveira’s motion will probably be adopted. ‘This would prove an auspici commencement, as Mr. Silveira bas aunounced that, in case of success now, he will next year again brine for- ward his bill to prohibit the government and religions orders from holding slaves, and the voting in 1865 would have an inflaence on the vote taken in 1 ‘The various propoanls of Viscount Jey@tinhouba are no le#s humane and wise than those of Mir. Silveira; but there is less chance of their being accepted. The Vis- count demands that the negroey enl'sted im the army be emancipated, and that slaves running at large, without being claimed by their masters, be no longer sold like catile. He further demande that masters be restrained from abuging their slaves, and that any nepress serving as the concubine of a Brazilian shall be entitled to her liberty. He is averse to there being two systems of law and moraigin the empire. ‘ In order to prepare the way for emancjpation Viscount Jequitinhouha also demands that the bequ of slaves be fess and that when owners die intestate their province of shall become free. ly ho proposes that at the expiration of ten years the promulgation of the law urged by hi slaves over twenty-one years of age shall be eet f that in fiiteen yoars’ time, viz , in 1980, 41 declared to be entirely abolished We have no intention of examining into the value of these various propositions; we wish simply to inform our readers of the praiseworthy efforts that are being made in Brazi}, and to call their attention to the men who are | devoting’ themselves to the cause of emancipation in that country. Liberty is the common birtiricht of hu- manity, It is our patent of nobility, and whoever #tands up for it fights for ws all We inay say it without fear of being accused of flattery that we have confidence in the Emperor of Brazi!, Dom Pedro is not only a sovereign possessed of ali the quali- ties necessary to fil his exalted position; he is further. more aman of highly cultivated intellect, the first Por- tugnese poet of hix time, and a friend of science and the arts, No can @ such talents and tastes without isseaging at the same time a humane heart and a truly liberal mind; consequently we rely upo! too much penetration not to see the | abolishing slavery if he wishes to maintain Brasil in the rank that country now bolds in the civilized world; and he has too much goodness of heart not to feel matter i urgent and that each day's delay ie one more day of at wreichedness and degradation for the thousands of human beings who rest ail their hopes om 4, and re- He bas . and Y shall be bim. Let Dom Peéro listen to these imploring ve flect that the eyes of all Europe are upon him. it in hix power to confer ah immense boon. upon his peo- ple; be can place himself in the first rank among the sovereigns of the earth who have rendered themselves Ulustrious by the public good they have achieved. Let him complete the work which Nroth America bas com- menced, and bis pame will be blessed im all ages to come 4 Near'; pesmtary apo afey. poor Quakers, such as Gjark- son and Henezet, who are now almost forgotten, strove { bring about the abolition of the slave trade, ’ Wilber. force lent them the aid of his eloquence, and ite the Oyponition of interested iadividnals, by enlightening and aurring up the public mind, he gained the cause that he baa eo nobly wy id. And emancipation bas had advocates fila he treaties Obapaing: Parker, 2 Gasparin’ Wal stant raglie, ni "arker, Wale jon, Cochin, and many ‘others have indefatigably pro- tested = against. the of slavery. The voices of these were swelled by ot ‘until they found an echo in every heart. were heeded by the United States, and we know what thie ‘cost—four years of terrible civil war, six hundred thousand men killed, @ million and a» half ‘wounded, and a debt of two thousand millions, This is the bloody and jishment for the error com- omitted in yelieving this beinous iniguity could be maintained, ment to induce done without baving sugar produoed by: slav rr ve article into France at the duced in en possessions France contributing.to the therefore, wl “4 Cone a ot ro onl bong fea. indies road a by — all nations to etoile against humanity? NORTH CAROLINA. The True Condition of Affairs in That State. ENCOURAGING TO NORTHERN EMIGRANTS, " Siley &C.y &e. Emigration to North Carolina. {From tho Raleig! ©: Standard, August 2.4 There are very many ic more than te induce men of means and industry to come to North folina. The great variety of her mineral wealth, the di- versity of soll admirably adapted to the production of tobacco, cotton, wheat and corn, the extent of her coasé ‘and her navigable waters offering ‘the greatest induoe- ments to fishermen, are matters of past and present his- tory, and are well understood by intelligent men. But in addition to these temporary and local reasons exist which should influ ata its to flock to this State. ‘The citizens are all quiet ited, and in- teud to remain so, They have too much practical sense, and they are too much accustomed to be governed by and deliberation, to allow party spirit or former dissensions to distract and divide them ata time like They know that now is time the to and forgive the evil feelings and unkind rejud that have grown up among’ oar citizens. They see that divisions and party st are ning in Virginia, Foe reyes ‘to confiscate the ty of a large portion of her eitizens: They kiow divisions and party ae stants aeanechaaet ine w a e portion inhabit @ rived of eit propery ey Paes ieee eed eae on stripped of all thelr political rights and b sgpieat ‘that a the people is arrayed: 6 government, 16, gove! ‘ One half her citizens lle in wait to cut other half, and to'burn and destroy th fi ieee tele ata ae nAscation. lect On 1080 an bee col bs followed. dimension aad that party (rs and agitationg have been followed by the ni of all ‘political privileges. Henoe it is that our citizens wit rogard agithtors aud originators of the enemies of the Pye wi blest igood clzen of the State rights reorganization, Of course, every man profer, the. benefits and the influence of his own judgient and in the construction of the government under which help to live. Hence we infer thatthe present time is mom. - favorable in this respect for those who wish to settle ie. North Carolina. 1 ‘The great abundance of money at the North has caused the of real estate to increase from fifty to one hua- dred per cent in all the States and cities in the Nc aud Western part of the United States. While in Ne Carolina real estate can be bought for lees than one’ its value previous to the war. because there is now.m@e@: money in circulation among us. For four years we . no currency except Confederate money. All other “ went out of circulation. Consequently when the’ ends and Confederate money ceases to circulate .we no money or o1 of any kind, and for a abort the prices of every species of property’ must be 4 diminished. But money is like air and like water. wili fill up @ vacuum and it will seek its level, and batie, few months can elapse before money will be as abi at the South as it is in the North and West. always seek chi and safe investment, whoever buys, in North Carohna will find in twe two or three years that his property has increased from one to two hundred per cent. Th Deion Gt progeety Cy depressed, only because there is such a scarcity of money’ in circulation, As soon as the money shall 4 i among us prices will begin to rise, until money will be as abundant as it is at the North, and prices will be as ms Hence it may be set down as certain that whoever vests im North Carolina lauds, at the present depresne@ Prices, will make a profitable investment. In addition to the low prices, there are other induée- ments for settlers to move to the State at this time. Ordinarily, only plantations of inferior land, and in tions not desirable for a residence, are upon the because the neighbors are usually anxious to buy pl tions of rich land and farms desirable for pleasant fesl- dences, but now the citizens have no money, and arenes. able to buy. Hence it is that persons who will now to North Carolina will be able to purchase the productive lands, the farms most desired for health. and pleasure, and the houses, Jois aud farms most highly improved, » The Maicontents - a Very. Small Minor y. From the Raleigh (N. C.) Progress. J > Y mays of the Southern people are ready now The greal to yield “unconditional obedience to the constitution and the laws ;’’ but they are cursed with the presence of a ts who are vore-headed over the loss of 1 the power and position in society whic ‘These are the few malcont Unetr slaves, man-owning guaranteed them. talked expatriation nonsense, ting to “hated Yankee ru the under current of disloyalty their fauit-findings. These ‘a the “many threatening resentments;’’ but their exaggerated when it is supposed tnat they “in anything or anybody by their muitceringh, ‘They were civil leaders once, but have Wwen discarded by the peo. ple, who have transferred their allegiance to a class of men who have the interests of the cow at heart, and who can appreciate that, although they have lost much valuable property during the war, the government itself was not responsible. The leaders now acknowledge thas “vight’’ ig with the government, and “might,"’ too, and we know that it would not be necessary to keep “might in view were it not forthe fact that these grums Dlevs exist in our midst We second the appeal in bebalf of the freedmen. There were thousands of slave owner®in the South previous and during the war, who were ag loyal to the govern ment as any other clase, They have given up that liar property and are striving to accommodate \- selvee to the changed condition of affairs, and, with the honest masses of the people at large, they ate dealing freedmen as kindly and gen ly as circam- iil permit. No intelligent 5 A deny that great abuses occur, but they are the exception, One, two, three, or perhaps a dozen enses of | tment of the Stabe; at that fact does not justify 1 of the whole peo- ple. Cor Keak aey Sas who represent ws at the North should be careful in thie particular, Where they de scribe one “horrible atrocity,’’ they can, with as much truth, tell of a doren, & undred, instances of um paralleled kindness and ‘osity. At present we are in @ confused condition, whieh no man can ap) who is not an eye witness. Semi-military and seml- lawa prevaih Money is scarce Conveniences for Inbor—= agricultural uiarly—are not available; and, above all, the freedthen have not yet learned the “bitter lessom of self-support,’’ though they are rapidly coming to it. Take al) these thin; ite consideration and we very much whether any section of the country newal throughout the whole cou os jusion, we would say to our ft thes when they read of the whackers they must not classify there aa guilty, for there 18 26 Treedmies they should reecliect that ibe majority of ous people are honest and inclined to treat their quondacy slaves , While thoee who act otherwise are ine tmunly ory wmal,enaorty, Rewovat ov Guvenat Borten’s Towsr.—This ‘erected by General B. F. Batler dari Gamporsry command of he Army of th Ja nto be taken down, we understand, com