The New York Herald Newspaper, August 13, 1865, Page 2

3 ‘ a re FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. | Satenpay, Augus, 12—6 P.M. ‘The speculative feeling on the Steck Exchange was languid at the Urst board this morning, and the volume of business was consequently very light, Erie closed 7% lower than at the second board yesterday, Cleveland and Pittsburg 4, New York Central 4%. Rock Isiand 4, Milwaukie aod Prairie du Chien 4 Quicksilver was unchanged, There was a saie of 100 shuros of Phonix Bank Stock at 90—a price showing « sharp de- cline since the discovery of the recent de alvation to that institution, 103 having been bid for the sto k at the end of last week ; 95 only was bid, however, near the end of July. ‘The par valu) of the shares is twouty dollars, and the capital of bauk is $1,500,000 [ts divid ad periods aro in January and Joly, and it has (or along time paid five per cent regularty, It alse reported a sur- plus of $265,000 ai the bexinning of the year, Tho dis- ologures just made relative to this bank have aroused the apprehensions of th» stockholders of other banks, and tho directors have in somo Gases been. pressed with in- qairies concerning similar possivilities in quarters under their own supervision, That bank presiden's, direo- tora and cashiers have been habitually nogligont of tholr duty the cases of Winisor, of the Mercan- tile Bank, .and~ Jonkins, of the Phenix, give the public good reason to infor; for bad the most ordi nary chocks been employed such extoated deliaquincies would have been impossible. ‘There was.a sutien break in Atlantic Mail. The open- ing price was 143—a deciine of eight per cont since yes- orday morning—followed by # further decline on the call to 140, Afterwards it continued to rec.de, Government seciirilies wore dull, Coupon Ovo-twenties © were ateady at 103; now issue, 104%; ten-forties, 97. Seven thitty notes of the second »# ries wore a shade lower, solling at 9374 a 3%; ouv year certificates, 974. » At the open board atone o'clock the mar. ket for railway Shares was~ firmer; but Atlantis Mail was 1363, or 4 per cent lower. Subsequently it was sold down io 118, from which point it quickly began to react, This stock advanced unduly some months ago, uader a speculative movement, and we warned our readem at the time that there was no suffi-ient subztan- tial reason to warrant the advance, Ono or nvre of the bull party have now sold out, and the result is as we have recorded. Eric sold om the call at 863, Reading 106+, Cleveland and Pittsburg 7024, Cleveland and Toledo 102, Bock Island 108}¢, North-western proferred 6234, Cumberland (93) 4255. Later, omtho street, the market closed ateady. Potroloum stocks wero unsottled at the first board. ‘Webster was the strongest on the list and closed at'$2 80, or 230, higher than at yesterday’s sovond board. Pithole Greek sold at $7 75; Bradley, $3 25; Excelsior, $1 60; High Gate, $50; Montana, $3 40; Oceanic, $1 50; Oil Greok, $350; Zack, 40c.; United States, $29 15; Bu- dhanan, 60c. ; Cherry Run, 260. Money has Ween in moderate request at soven Wr cont. Although oumwoncy is being widely dis- @ibuted at present for crop ang other purposes, o board in the Treasury is sousibly diminishing, about eleven millions will be duo on the 15th inst. interes: on seven-thirty notos, which will assist the m of the Sub-Treasury coffers. Money is circu- very activoly in consequence of the diminished at this centre, and loans are shifted with unusual wency. The discount line is unchanged. First class is quoted at 8 a9 per cout, with a fow exceptions Phe sooond grade passes at 10 a 12. (gold market has beon fevorish, It opened weak but after declining to 140% .roacted to 141%, at five P. M.at 141% 8 %.- The shipment of $39,500, making for the work $324,- highest and lowest prices of gold since the nf spocie payments wore as follows, up tothe ond of J 1862. 1803. —, —1804,—— —1805,—. a ios par 160° 15556-1609 15146 9545, 198” 104 102 ng isa ted id rite 196% March. .,.102 101.171% 1: 169% 159 201 148% 1% 14534 187% 166}, 160 144 143% 190” 168° 14544 128% 108 148%; 140% 108% 1903 14334 15575 108 1 123% 228 47 138 112, 190% 129% 961K 2314 — 16 142 126% a 156K 140% 22794 169 -_-_ =- 168 ae% — — 1A 148% 213 BG — Foreign @: was quiet but steady. Bankers asked 108760 109 dor their sixty day sterling, and at tho rate of 446 por additional for the difference of time on thoir sight Pittsburg Railroad earnings are es- ‘of July as follows, at the office of “Subecripticns to governmaat loan ‘Tho following table shows the receipts and shipments of flour and grain at Milwaukee, from January 1 to Aa- gust 5, this yoar and last :— se lon 1 fom August §, 1864. ‘August 5, 1865. Receipn mt, Shipo't:. bbis,... 188,619 289,186 024 221,040 Sh. 6,687,881 6,739,426 9,736,931 3,207,486 563,174 407,297 ‘281,276 142,819 969,283 141,480 172,202 «2,722 47,751 11,700 x 832 a ek ee ‘Tho damages on the line of tho Virginia Central Rail- road havo boon repaired, and the trains are now running feom Richmond to Jackson’s river, which has been the ‘terminus of the road for some five years. At the begin- nung of the war tho railroad was completed to that point, ‘and the grading on the route to Covington, in the county of Alleghany, was being rapidly finiched. The work, howevor, was suspondod by the hostilities, but it is more. than probable that the ten miles yet to be comploted will be finished before the end of the year, and next summer wo may be able to visit the White Sulphur Spring, of Greenbrior, by rail. Atnong the many projected lines of railway is ono from Lawrence City, in Kansas, to Galveston, Texas, A company was incorporated last year for this undertaking, ‘and it soon effocted a tangible beginning of the enter. prise by buying the lands of the Sac and Fox tribes of Tadiags; the purchase being permitted and duly approv- od by the goueral government. The lands comprise eight hundred thousand acres, and were secured at the Jow price of seventy «x cents per acre. They He ina psouthweaterly direction from Lawrence, and, ike most of the tracts that have been sot apart in the Wont for Indian ocoupation, are of good arable quality, Active work, it te said, will be commenced on this road carly next | spring. echt oe Se Stock Exenange. Satunnay, August 12—10:30 4. M $1009 U. 9. B's 6-20 r 105 1s coup, 106 enwall 10634 Wep ni 104% ++ 104% 6000 Eeic, 4th mige. 6000 Mich. S'ns. f. bs 4000 do. .24 mtge 1000Dellacka& Wie. rr 6000 MiAPAUC Beto 1000 P, FLW & Oh 100 sha Phonix Bank 10 Bk of Commorce. 100 Canton Company 200 Cum Coal pf. b80 200 da... 10 1065 200 aacor ‘hen b1O. O56 i 0, 00 see OB by 200 Cleve & Pitta KR 70) do. ..24 call 704 28 Cléve,Col&CinkR 126 800 Obi & NW pref. 02% 200 Chi & Kook LRR 1054 100 Mil & PranCRR Boy 400 Pitts, POWRCDRK 87 A Correction from tho Cantkers. TO THE RDITOR OF TAR HEKALD. It Las been published in your paper that the United ipwrights and Caulkers’ excursion was postponed anti! further noticed Tho caulkera aro in no connerted with the pionte alluded to, nor have they contemplated ing one this year, When the caulkers undertake w dy aay thing they know no such word as fai. — Jos, W. IRWIN, Presiden, FRANCTS BYRNE, Com’ Naw Yous, August 14, 1566. NEGRO SUFFRAGE. ’ Important Letter from Geueral J.D. Cox, gf Ohio [lis Views in Opposition te Negro Equality. THE RADICALS HEADED OFF, &e., &o., &o LETTER TO GENERAL OOX. Ossian, July 24, 1865. Goneral J. D. Cox:— ‘The people of this with entre una Ohio, nimity, sought yo r nomination for Governor of ual unabimity we dedire to promote your el o- tion, ominution because we bad perfect confidence thut your views and sympathics were in harmony with our own om the great issue before us— the equatily of all men before the law. We still believe ‘we were not mistaken. But some of us have b.en startled by a repor:, coming direct from Warren, to the effeot thas, you are oppose! to givine the elective franchise to colored people, and that you requested the elivor of the Chrms- cle to publish your vows on the subject, that you might not lose the support of Union men in the southern part of the State. We do not credit the rumor, and yet it has so disturbed some of your warmest supporters that the undansigued have been requested to subject, . We want to know, directly from you, your views on the following subjecta:—1, Are you in favor of modifying our constitution so as to give the elective franchise to colord men? 2, In the reorganization of the Southern States should the elective franchise be secured ‘to the colored poopie? Among us there {s but one opinion on this subje and we were nover more in earnest on any politi question. We believe that the distinction made by our constitution between white and colored people was made in the interest of slavery, and is both wicked and ab- surd; and we believe that to reconstruct the Sonthert States, and admit them with constitutions oxainding colored men from the polls, would give the co'ntry the-megro into the power of the very men who have send ate stil desire to ruin the one aud enslave the others. e haste? the — millions of ‘freed Lgplace inte’ ~ ands’of their former oppressors, now embittered, by. their defeat, and. they will make their condition worse than before. The copperheads of the North, with the united “outh, wou!d gain control of the general govern- ment, and im various ways would harass and @uppress. the nevroes and their friends beyond endurance. A war ‘of races would be likely to result. If, as nation, we can be so wicked as to deliver our colored soldiers and the millions whose freedom we are pl to. maintain into the power. 0° the most cruel and vindictive Recpe that ever laid claim to civilization, # terrible retribution’ will await us, We speale strongly, that you may know ow we fee! on the subject, - If it be said that the nezroes of the South are ignorant and unfit for the elective franchise, we answer, grant’ it; but this has nothing to do with the question, | Our soldiers, who have fought three years for the Union, are, not of this class, nor are those who havo always been freo, many of whom have amassed ‘wealth. It is for those we ask the elective pases It-it aie 1d, ove a eur, of two, oF three, Lo prepare. the mass to. voto, wa ould be. ranieut: retinas ‘belleve our free institu- tions would be safer in tho hands of thecolored 1 eg as they aro than in the hands of the best half of the while, population of the’South. The question is. shall colored, people be allowed to vote? The enemies of our country say no. ‘The mass of the loyal say yoa. So ‘decided are our people on the subject that they Could by no means be, persuaded to yote fora man known to be opposed to Ht. The Union party of this country, so far as we Know, are unanimous on the subject, and we betieve that. through- out the country the party can be rallied op this platform with greater enthusiasm than on eny other. All the prominent religious Papers, and, with one or two excep- tions, allthe Jeading republican papers, are in favor.of universal’ suffrage. We belive that nothing. could be more suicidal to our party and the canse of freedom than to reject this doctrine. Please let us hear from you soon. It is not our wish to pvblish-your views unless you desire it, But we wish to have ovr own minds relieved, and to be able to con- traiict any false reports that may be in circulation re- garding your views on this subject. V and sins corely. yours, EB Fall , 8AM MB, PL GENERAL COX'S REPLY. Coumenvs, July 26, 1866. Gevtinien—Your letter of yesterday, inquiring what, sre my opinions upon some of the phases of the question of, the recunstruction of the Union, was received this morning. _ You sign yourselves as a “‘committec,” but have omitted to tn:orm me noon — or aapoonen present, or to give me ructions = itt eifabject to. you This aecidental ence, eee evar hoees inion party’ o te, each other for some be friends of ‘who are those with wkom you are acting, and for whom you declare that a hearty and honest concurrence in the principles which you and the other torn people of Ohio in convention on the 2ist ultimo, expressly as the of united political action in the coming State election, shall not be sufficient to secure your votes. Political Be gaoerare like every other, are founded upon 8 mutual waiving of some articies of personal beliof for the sake of securing united and effective action upon others which are avowed as the common creed, and the dond of union can hardly be said to be keptin good faith when individuals of a party as ste ton ‘candidate questions which were not actod upon by the Convention, especially when such questions were notor!- ously excluded from the list of t! upon which com- munity of belief was demanded, becauao tho opinons of Joyal and patriotic men had not fully rvoned, or en delinite form in regard to the, and the tims had not yet come when, in the of events,’ it was nec: to act upon therm In the political phase of the great conflict we haye ¥p0U us, as in the military strife which has just endl, organization will be found to be of the last importasce, and though guerilla warfare has ite attractions, I_ em well convinced that re- sults will be determined by #2¢ surer, if slower, march of he heavy columns, I pent always believed that adherence to # party plat- form does not exclude freedom of opinion or discussion u] matters not intended in It, though It does im- jy that such discussion should bea {ree and friendly nverchango of views with the object of throwing ail ble light upon subjects which may sooner or later eruce topics of importance, and upon which we may have to form a definite policy. When the time comen for action all thi aly loyal men should agree to support that policy which the wisdom of the majority may agree upon, unless it should cooflict with some principle conscientiously held; in which case thse who 60 dissent have the undoubted right to withdray their connection, not from a candidate simply, but {ron the party, This view of political o ation Is thoonly on ii have been able to find which will secure proper unity and power of action, and ut same time atlerd full scope fur tree pro of opinioi 1 Hiberty in ‘vidual thought which, I beg you to remember, is as m.ch the right of candidates ag of those who nominate them. - Our convention adopted a platfe of which the doctrinal part ig substantially embodied tu two propos- Hons. First, “That slavery and its institutions are irre- concilably opposed to freedom and freW institutions, and must be finally and completely eradicated.” Secondly, That President Johnson’s policy of reconstraction is “endorsed” with the proviso that the store. tion of the rebel States ‘shail be at such time and upon gnch terms as will give unquestioned ince of the peace and security, not ouly to the loyaf people of the rebel States, but alagof the peace and’ prosperity of the federal Union.” * * The spirit and disposition whieh sbould £ontro! us in determining the “time and terms’’ of construction, und all other qnestions of policy securmulating upon us, wore likewixe stated in tio resoluti one urging the example of our President ‘j# waiting for the solution of ities to be furnished by the progress of tine and logic of events;” the other@eclaring the sity “of keeping steadily in view she great princiy our goverpment.as get forth in the tclaration of pendence,”’ To conderive still more, inde- ie oaconce of Son porition of the may be said to be the determination of the po- Hijont resana de the. war by the united and barmenio action of truly loyal men, actuated by a xpirit at on cagtions, and controlled by AN @xrnert belief tn the broad est doctrines of humanrights. To those principles T have given my pablie and sincere adhesion. You are the only member of the Union party ‘of the state whom 1 bave foot) jopationt to comynit your , In advance of (he meeting of Congress, to dennite policy upon & subject upw which the conven- tiom had. Dy atrongest impitcation dec.ored it premature se Geoide What course ought. t be iaken. The State election decfdes no such immed; ie progress of evonts in the South wil prohatiy throw tn. Creuset ght pon all such @mwcone: yet you insiat that T rball give you my vows, not for the urpow of mutual assistance in ariving at &@ #O- lution of a difficulty, but under nace that che votes of your people will be determined for or against me by my anewet I think thot Ip ko doing you wrong both gour- welvesand the bers of the wlijle pol tlon te whiok we belong, and to which you gave plodye of coal co-operation upon the platiorm as adopted th 9 your delegates, whe were provent of the con- oemyself T hav’ no secrets ae to my opinions, and have iever hesitated to deciaro them on proper orca sions, Se far have I been from deriring to conceal them | thet Ihad sont, before the recoipt of your letter, @ pri- | vate mite to Protessot Bix, of your phive, \ivlicating my | plan fr the fina solation ef the problem’ of reeoneirue. tion, md seeking his critioisme upon it, No restrictions were jaced wpon hitn je making it known, exeept ae hisown discretion and friendship might impoee. are meinformed #¢ to ny having requested my views wo be pudished at my home or elsewhere, You must ari on your own reeponsibility in detefinining what publicity you ©All give (6 this, The importance to our courftry of deternining rightly tho grave questions which must y be settled within the coming year te too grat me Willing to omit using whatever influence or ation I may have in_napisting at the solution. ler in public or private life I shali freely give the sult of my experience and observation in the South Juring the war, and the conclusions to which my study boty paces haa led me. I shall expect that "0 facts that [have been An anti-slavery than from my h up, | that Tagetated at the original organwation of ( | licon party and acted with it and the Union pa t tince, and that I have been a federal soldier fro. ‘be surrender of Samter to the murmender of the Inst armed will recurs mo candid end even o friendly hear. vebei you oa the: NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 13, 1 ing from all who Lave loved thé gountry and earnestly | continue as long as the obnoxious race bod © taken its part in the Inte teribie strug te. If other | You bave expressed your anticipation of result in viows than mine prevail I ehail bod it my duty to aot | one state o! the case; how ie it that you do not see cheertully and promptly with the body of loyal a dir ct strug le for power at the ‘allot box would make beli ving that the best golutisn whien Chey can give will | the contest more deadly ? bg the best attainable, and that to divide from them wil Thod that there ts @ great phil: truth in the belo deliver the government into the Lends of ts ene- | words of Guizot, In summing up the eight outa: mies bloodshed out | , tbelove that the Pregident 1s earnestly determined to | ality from the: pate re Taces ebek Une -ood of the whole Country, and ‘of all the races | “In the life of naiions, union in it; tat he has full claim to the contidence which we | visible, the unity of name deciared that we reposed in itm; and that what we, as | important, is by no means Union meu, cannot # ceced in doing in harmouy and co- | most real, or that indeed whi operation with him and bis Cems reg we shall fail | isa unity which ts of doing altoge! her. | My aupport to ‘htm, therefore, wilt | whioh results not be no half. ied support, but ® zealous and thoroughly pad of daniny, be purpose or thought | mente—from likeness or to arise. It is by the cordial | ideas, of tastes, of es; the unity which residcs in the Unton members of | the men themselves society aasembi s, and not in forms. of thelr ry ; in hort, that moral fe notty problem and razed de deemed cae Soar t | £628 Shae our wits solders ve watforaaly ad qu wi + our when this ‘s done and the time for action arrives, it wi.l | learned to Mine fact that, the. oxtslonee: of one be the business of and the Executive to agree | free government could only be preserved by the destruo- upon the plas to be and that which is inthis Hon of the eystem of ‘lat » and 80 radically r detcrmined by depovetiy. Union mee ‘and thoroughly anti-slavery, the ‘battling for shall b lieve, as I have before said, to be the best atta ns- | the old flag was almost equally uniform in ‘and bie it agrees with my views or not, In deepening Seis prise ot The fact is one which Tbelisve that under no circumstances should we | caunot safely be overlooked wish the transfer of the power of this government to the | their action upon the. polit! problems the hands of those who have beon during the war, | country, and it is onein regard to which I think I can by any division among ourselves, unill all sub enesticas hardly be mistaken. which oust of the war are permanently finally ‘The details of any could only be : determined by careful and » wide comparigon of ‘Having thus stated what I think fs the true doctrine of | views. Suppose, however, that without up the we organize the ‘of the Union analogous aia the uleanen soot esta, tobe pal i Saad owe tate ull und extiuave pott vil f our rela- | aided at the start, should it eeem by wise here may be no mistake in reforence to this I quote Revere meal ng ay diclary there ant we join 3 @ jus poeta ni, | Ee ee eee oBsa} ex! ‘upon he ancy at coeraive collection of the bedienoe Wy the bilo euytbing in ihe | regia, he “Malone i laws of the republ ‘ j ae esseoerisws OC aay. State Ue the ‘contrary hovwitee a a tH rapidly as their tnd és eon The lic faith every person of color | migration into other States... The forts and other seaport in the rebel ‘Mates See and aid cities could remain uncer the direct contro! of the fr ng basis trad fecerens oom iom, secured their aid on then of this tadarel aaveiiens rh bas op rage! bate ac : fue and by ‘war and actual: parts country ‘of the 00 oblaiued the power to nish spud be, neconenry. he, Calle oeporta Hon of toe comttry eatiad i are fall oh mate oe nity to develop the highest civilization they are capable Ey 6. of slavery must ‘would ¢1 ven. Colored men of talentiand in- nbiraDe arr aa mee” a Webene et | leet ma Nagra nde ae or rel SFP ol io ere if lefs, or mer- Prosied upon the sol theoit ‘an tnablihy’ to bear up but tree shan without td but would chave wnt ¢ leading - jou! at the East juent mans e — eee emer tartan dimes nonce | one Teen et |. | ing to their reat ch and ability. . ee eee ate oe ona, Der T call, ‘pihaps, | That there are difficultios in. the realization of such more fully, with you than you do with ‘the add: plan I shall be the first to admit; but there ure difficulties n assent that'im & republican’ community polit ee Ee fagrersnes Lees Loreen and ay 6 current . How, then, it will uatarally be can there be any Sedan tha! gp o millon ves Avro ween . | aud untold millions of money, should not need to be Practical difibrence between as as to. the mode of carry- | Hr aay sire with you that drifting will, probably ing out these priuciples? It is found in thd views @ e of the mutual relations of the two races ix the south, ainst the black ruce, and involve its decide this matter leaving the -labor of the South in destrcotion; while, ‘You, judging from this “distanos, say, "Deliver the four | ty 6 hands of a caste, ibentaila treed pon the coun- ferrin te into the bands of their former | 1” i's worst material effects of slavery, and prevents how ‘embutered by their detest, and they | tbat homogenoity of institations and ianners, North re, — Rewer - Fe a nett comcipleg, and after four yearr.of close | Std South, which T have sid E believe tobe the only, and thoughtfal observation of the races where they are, | “ure foundation of permanent peace, of The Anglo-American and Africo-American races now Tam unwillingly forced to the confiction that the | wnt racy to face upon theSouthern soll in irreconcilable offect of the war has not been simply to “embitser”’ their relations, but to develop a rooted antagonism which makes t'eir permanent fusion tnone politwal community an absolute impossibility, The sole difference between us, then, is in the degree of hostility we find existing be- tween the races, and its permanence. You assume that the extension of the right of sufirage to the blacks, leaving them intermixed with the whites, will cure all the trouble. Ibeleve'that it would rather be like the decisions in that outer darkness of ‘which Milton speaks, where “Chaos umpire site, And by decision more embroils the fray.” Yet, as I ee era that ee we and liberty are inalie: ‘more thna admit the danger of leaving a laboring Class at thé entire mercy of shose mae ieee ‘The few colored men whom we have among us may be regarded as the waifs and strays of the great body which is a nation in numbers, and in its isolation by mental and physical charter It ts asa unit that we must deal with them, and no paltering with the edges of the difficulty will avert the doom which ali his- teaches us will follow a wrong aolution. The magnitude of the problem is immense, but the principles which must decide it one way or the other ave simple. When we deal with a whole community, how- ever closely related to ourselves, it is not by the applica- tion of the maxims of municipal law, az applied to- Indi- viduals, that we.must decide the case, but by ® modified, form of, international law, which, so fat from Cae our rekponsibility to God, our couimon ruler, or ‘obit ww formerly own.d them, a Slaves, gation ize the fundamental rights of mun, ne- Who formerly owned them tom of the problem: whick | cevsarily implies them all,. Relizion,, honor, humonsty, shall not deny sherright’ the :perit, Sod am, and | Tepublicanism, all cail upon us to see well wo it thal we the only real solution ‘Leap see f the peaceable | 0 not allow the seething and molten elements to crys- nopal of the races.. you reply, colon- | talize inte a new form of hei aad I recognize, as ization will break down under the very vast: aa you possibly can, the burden of responsibility ness of , ovep if tt Were not tyrannical: great epoch in tho world’s history rolls upon to expe) Toptathe lent of tae ab Whe Dae eee che Ramee fart Je deiermining the Dirth. I grant “weight of the objection, and pubile potioy. « therefore way the on. is thus narrowed down’ to & the eg Spuerac pty _ geod avery man. peaceable separathn i ve i le ol, I “ Of the races ou the soil where they | ¢ Terny revived my opiaions tid teried them by all the fondamenial principles of right and justice. | If others are. The cesential polly in the disnsston thus appears to bo tho actual olation: of the two races iu the Southern States as a question ¢f fact, and the probable future con- uc these r@ations as a question of theory. “tpom the question of fact, 1 think J may, with all modesty, claim that my sutecedenis and wy opportuni- ties of observation @titié. my testimony to have some ‘even with the most. radical antiwavery men. of the i ‘The antagoniem of which 1 have spoken is noventirely one-sided. On the ok the former master it takes do not agree with ine, and it part me from eny whose principles and motives are the same us my own, my deep regret that it khonld be so cannot change my con- vicllons, It hav seomed (oO me that the solution I have offered rids us of most of the difficulties m our way, It gives.to the black mau political rights aud franchives without Onevous terms; it reduces the representation of the Southern whites in Congrees to # proper basiv—theirown numbers; ik secures the permanent peace of the govern the form of an indom:tabie ie, which ntterly refuses | rneni and the allegiance of the people by the only sure to entertain the of paved or social tag aaranty, viy.: that of common interest and identity of mingled with a intensi tied by the Circumstances | Wustitutions, What more would you havef \ jx worth while to cousider that in such a pian as L lwve suggevied there is that which fs likely to attract co opel tion on the-part of reflecting men in the Sonth- vy States, ‘There cap be ne question that come portion tional bilterness which jually led them to 4 wer was caused by a more or less distinct ni of ditteulties like these we are considering, ch they cow Ho reasouable outlet, and that which recugoizer the fucts 1 have stated, savory to provide for (hem, 80 a8 to secaro vt peorperity im the Sonth, will soon find there. 1 de not mention this as an impor tarquiners, becuase T fully accept the responsiblity the military) sulgugations of the rebel territory Hildreth, im bis “I sm im Amenica,” declared | PAX WAposes npon Us to determine the mutter by the slavery to be, b itself, a state of war, and thiseueracier | ho Lave been truly is indclibiy impressed upon both mers in the South. The lof either section. captive tearna duplicity towards his capior, and in the | however, remember that tue altimate object slave it has beome a marked characteristic. It is ature | ust be ro return the people of the South to stratagem, tor wich he feels no guilt, I have seen a | to the fedeva! vument as be Vad and Masior bouating Of the fidelity of hie ervaut, and dis- \, ipators in its right® and blessings, Through cussing the suiject of slavery in his presevee, whilo the or intermediate steps, their own action, negro waited apon him with impassive buruiliiy experimental organization granted by the which would make you believe no intelligent idea of | ~ deternine. Bit in the end the genius fre.dom had eer penctrated his bran. Yet I have seen | « will tolerate no the same negp afterwards in camp, transformed inie a { sgenoity must We clear-headed sly of our tooops, leading them to his mas. | Piete; tor peter subject proving tor’s buried sores, or guiding them to the fanks of the | CH-lships yan long coexict enemy's jints, with au intelligence aud steadiness of | KYVeTRment purpose whkh left no doubt ay to his indérstanding of | | Such are toy personal opinions upon the subjects you the conflict besween hiinself and bie master, have cailed to my atention For them, I alone The duiy aud hourly repetition af proaik of this fact— | Sone ‘The subjects themselves cam in no s many oftbeim too subtle for description, but none tie | Matter executive action in. this Stata, and Ww! lass copvincing to the observer—has fully convinced ine | #0) Clected or defeated, iny opinions will only have such that pever between Norman and Saxon, nor between | Weisht or imfuence as thelr own value will entitle them Gaulsod Frenk, was there @ more covacious hatred or | - yay wil] not yuder me from ag cordial sup. an aftavonism more Likely to prove inveterate, than be. | port to. action of a loyal faderal goverument, if tween black and white un our Southern soil’ The pr. , hor view should Anally preve'l, [ have thought they will have uo gens: of seourty, nov faite in ae | ought not to be made a ground of oppogitigg in the Fite | er teeter even if they offer thew political rig! | canvawn; but snch we they are, they are the produci of toy will (ar them as Powss gerisferentes } | hat does history teat MW tg the perma- he pred } and resulta of the Avar, This feeling is not confined to the slave owners alsne, but the poor whites share it faily, und cfteu show it more passiouately. On the part of tio freedmen itje tmavifeaed inan utter | distrust of the Aominant race, and an enmity which, | although made Ay circumstances more parsive and less | * ron mani ig ag real and implacable as the other, | ey have the mutual attraction of race among them. | ft selves, and repulsion of the whites as another peopic, | developed iu adegree which surprised me, It is not as | individuals of a nation common to ux all that they spoak of themselves, but, to use the language of one of (hem, apcaking to royself, they feel thus thes have long been an oppreseed and downtrodden pecple.? itery pro reptiblican election as unanimous as the nomination with which the convention honored ine, . ’ | my honest thinking, and In view of the real iraportance of the eubject, [would not conceal them to receive an ence and durability of jw and enmities o P60? Speaking on thie subject, Augu: in Thierry. “ History-o the Rowan Conquest,” sage :— Very respectfully, your oheddent rervaut, Whaterr degree of territo J.D. COX. Suaterel betes way ean Nia gene oder |. BL Ramen, Sauet PLumn, Committee, &c., Gul- be the community of mmaunere, Let A-pabiis | wmbdx, Ohio, The Veterans in Want of Work. TO VAR EDITON OF THE HKEALD. . New Youn, August 12, 1866. ‘The undersigned—all veterans honorably discharges — in the name o! their friends, respectfully request you, who have alwayve sown yourrelf the friend and the de- fonder of te Union soldiers, to protest, in owr name, with your energy and our contempt, agzinst a certain statement iv regard (0 the ob{ect of our proceston, which took place Inst Friday It ig tated at two difforent times that our inovement was ® political ona, &c. You will find enclosed that in- jorious and falee statement Now what we have to say in, that we stave on our honor.of@en and soldiers (which orn a by which even the com ve unity of | ie worth at least that of thoe@Ror of the paper in ques: ¢. Bau Boonie was nebieved iv described wy the | tion), that there was evel a political word uttered in mame pl ic historfn, whom Thave quoted, near | our meetings; and that ficither Colonel Herman, our the clove of his great work, as a “complet: among tion”’ of the Norman and Sixon idiom, end a “etens | and, thot our ony ae toth ather habind feeling which 'he babii of living under the same gorernt vo ment | and ae nite kiege of civilization has introduced porn the tahabitants oi each of those States, there is xcarcely one of them which due not even now went living trades of the diversity of the ra ‘aan which. in cowrsber time, have come together a iy. T. awe Heelf under different aspects, Wih ivaiuren mute OF less ingriced, Sometimes it ts '& coup) idioms, of local traditions, of politica) serene & rortef (netinetive eumilty distinguishing frow nations! nase the po lation of m few aimail ais Miference of dialect, oF oven of eset mosun tole more wenn feebly, the limit of the setilemenc, Desemohiy ditians ad henuiene eae nF OE, Once If ffteon centuries of common ial union have not been able to dere the ter Mona and even the ‘ instinctive enmy” of races which were physiologically sunilar, % vat eueourayement have We that success Will attend & forced poiioul fusion of fier hostile races from the eutipodes of the buman waot any D = mn object is to hel) Of the two races,’ which it took four centuries of au. ‘emplovment for the support of oe furnifiier, and resome guinary war to acceuaplish. one ‘and dutfew of citizens, after having done Just stopping a8 We are from the battiehel on which “sommeiting’’ for our country. descendants of & common ancestry, wo lide removed Jat ie attend ta te pwn business, without trr- from usthet we cau literaiy reach deck ov nd to | ing te we caer Of Veterans and an institution wtasp thore of our common have waged the most which ie of PO fens intereet to nH, tremendone and torrible of modern wars, it does not b-. Ap for the it was succert asa de come us to argue that peaceful discuesions wit quietly hep of reapectable soldiers who are entitied settle differences which in former times were saujed by nde of the people. oy tho sword; but the amey of, the almost pron, as take thie opportunity, sir, to think you for the well as the remote past calls upon us to build our poltey | good words you have published in favor of our last de- solidly upon ecg wi experionce, se weil ay reason, prove to be durable, more than ever vw Avoid 3. VERMONT, Lieutenant United States Army, ine street. doiuding ourselves with the cry of ‘peace, peace, when 4 Company K, Fifth regiroent Rhode there is no peace. Ae, during those weary years of war, I have pondereq | Teiand heavy artillery, this problem in the ‘iervale of strife, or by the THOMAS. J. GUBHION, Company A, Kighty-second camp fire at 1 have been more and more imiypelied | Now York Voluntoers. pT ae’ okey feos Bhan) of eyed netion it jou com, oe ee 1 Of toangerr, and of laws, rapid Te theme of Western Kurope, as have met upon our shor, WILLIAM CAMPBELL, Company A, Sixth Now York Volunteers. F. BICKEL, Fifth New York Volonteers, Chairman. FP. KE. DE OON, Ninth New York State Militia, of Com- han geoured the former of ‘Fequisites, and the Yar’ | mitice of " roasteot | Stun anes oneten ia “i at rj ew, ror, cavalry, Treasurer. an characteriatics, ia 80 com. Th { of Ali families trom the cantor, | York veusuemeettion ee ee jermany to the weatern coast of Ireland, that there ure few of us in whose veing is not mixed the blood of several. But this unhappy raoe of wiiel: | we wpeak does not amaigamate with the rest. Ibis en Urely iinmaterial to discuss why It is 60; the fact " | can deny; nor can it be denied that ite ralvatt | entruction will surely be worked out it it family j ion . | Because there could be no real ng Od people be. k W. HOFFMANN, Marabal. Sau OF omer Iatann,—Nieoet Island, the bright est om of the Mitsieaiyp!, the pride of our own people aud the admiration of strangers who visit us, bag been purchased by W. W. Bastman, Kaq., of this place, and Colonel John L. Metiam, of St. Paul, who pay $24,000 for the property, That portion of the island lying above tho bridge ie being surveyed and laid off into large btocks tween the Southern whites and Southern 8, It seems | fot residonces, wore ate also having a fine manifet to me that there could be no oo wolty, | road laid ot ad on see'ca the bank of the river around the one oF | the entire tract above the bridge, which road will be kept = am ef getrife for the mastery, in whi he other wonld go to the wall, open for publi ita M The ktrogyle for supre would be direct and imme | reres, ana is covered with Optepnia, piowth Aa le Aiate, and! see no hope whatever that the woaker tare | and other timber. Aanore delightful and charming Apot would noc be reduced to hopeless subjection or utteriy can hardly be imagined, and, with the tmy Ente There Is no reason Ww suppose that Miseouri | which It in pro to make, {twill be one of the most destroyed lovely spote the . Gh fy) ‘ eye Over rested upon.—sMinneapolis border ruffianiom could never be tepeated on new fel end the strife once inaugurated (he :.erelleae war wel 1868. . EUROPEAN IRON-CLADS. British and French Ships on Ameri- can Models. Defective Build of English Turret Ships. ~ nveresting Descriptions of the Flan-’ Gre, the Royal Sovereign and the tended Rebel Ram Scorpion, &eo., he. &c {From tee Taverne! bag July 26 : ‘The assemblage of ish and sei yt a at Ply- Sxpustod By w fll of sugsecioncand mou esd us to Fodlct on our national stre: weakness, The curious circumstance in the SUPERIOR COMFORT OF FRENOH SHIPS OVER BN- aLisa. In the French and the English wo at once ponte. upon a pepaliariyy aie found in ibs naval and mi managoment of the former—namely, great eare for tne n of the men, ‘Both the Maveuta and the "says @apecial correspondet ‘are models for the arrangement of tho officers’ cabin, and the general uir of cheerfulness and comfort given by the clean white the floor cloth aud the above all, by the daylight admitted, bolow. The French Constructor.of the Navy has evidently not lost sight of the important point of making the ship « pleasant one to the officers and crew; while we seem to have goue on sacrificing more and more to the exigencies of actual war, forgetting that these form the exceptional cond:tion of sorvice.” GAN baler gd sures BR a Lt abe i th One very important point ra! in connection by the aft: Bir correspondent, who has entered most minutely into the subject, is the extont to which the turret ships afford that accommodation and comfort which will induce sailors to regard’ them as desirable to live in. Sofar asthe means of comparison at present found at Plymouth ure concerned, the French, not hay ing turret shipe, ‘appear in this respect to great advantage. ‘The correspondent to whom we refer wrives in the Daly ‘Newe:—‘In going over the beautiful French frivate La Flandre nothing was more striking than the flue appear- ance of her crew, the general look of robust health of ‘the men, and the thorough sailor-like good) will with which everything going on in the shape of duty was done, Aga body of men thoy are superior to the crew of the Magenta, and have more the look of picked mon} taany of thom, till they speak, would be taken for the best specimen of the English ‘jolly tar.’ I was for- tunate in boing on board when the crew was mustored before sending the watches below to sling hammocks, and thus had an excellent opporwunity of obama appearance of the men. Descending tothe main de€k I gaw the hammocks all slung, without any crowding, and with abundance of light and air from the large open hatohes in the centre of the deck. Passing aft, the officers’ cabins are found, with the doors opening on each pide upon a roomy passage Immediately below the hatohway, which was open to the sky, and gave the most airy and pleasant look to the place. The cabins are inst neutly fitted up and lit by glass panels in the doors and partition; indeed, this littie white painted and glazed avenue with the biue sky overhead seemed quite radise compared with the dingy holes, with their {amps birning all day, on board our own ships; and it would be absurd to ged that sailors any more than ourselves are insensible to all this, or that these small comforta of life ‘bave not a great deal to do with attach- ing @ tnan to his career. \preferring infinitel; Fiandre, although may not be invulnerable, to being Doxed at in the. dark. hombrproot Fepaases of turret hip.” DESORIPTION OF AN INVENTED BEBEL RAM. Of the Mocca modation afforded on turret ships as at ut Built, the Scorpion, now,at Plymouth, affords an ustration. °, t ‘The wuthority we have already quoted says:— + On going uboard # turret ship such, as the Scorpion, which, it will be remembered, in ons of the twoiron- clads built by Messrs. Laird for the late American war, the part allotted for tho berthing of the crew is so. and #0 badly contrived that it is difficult to conceive how abundred and fifty men could possibly be stowed. away in the epace. Most of the crew prcapy she fore part of the chip whero it narrows to form the bows, and on one 6I40 is the largo galley with a fire, and cooking always ‘oing on. The rest of the crow, comprising marine ar- tillerymon and mariners, with the engincers and stokers, aye'to sling their hammocks wherevor thero is roam sround the turrets, er aah pare a gr large wardroum, unusuall lofty, but mot wel it bydeylight aadcabins by ihe sides, while the captaln has an abundantly spacious cabin. It may be said that this ship was not designed by the Admiraity, and is only Intended to be employed for harbor and channel sorvice; nit tho same dofects, though in a much less erie: ni observable in the Royal Sovereign. In none of thene ships have the crew been sufficiently considered; and it is really etentining fo ovicere aud men 40 contented with wssels ford to liltle of the charms of @ sailer’s life and s much incoitabl: di No doubt it is accepted in a noble fecling of cove to the country and the service; but so mucl self-denial one would think will not readily be found when there is neither the attraction of novelty nor the stimulus of active servicer, Perbaps it may be the foresight of this that keeps the French service fromm adopting the turt form for the ship.of-war, We may be sure that we cannot hope to keep tp the spirit of the uavy and tho love of it a7 a profession oither among English’ gentlomen or the uative sailors of our shores unless the fighting ships are made such as a sailor would delight to live In, and to adinire and to be proud of. The neipie ts not to be blamed for deficiencies of for it has never had ful! und fair development, the designers at headquarigre, who have been hurried wo much into making ships immensely strong for all poses of defence and offence, but unforta- in all that is attractive to sailors. There is, however, enough in the wonderfully contrived turrets of the Royal 5: eign to make ns fidient that Captain Cowper Coles can design a ship fo n service that all sailors ue, gdmire asa ship, and cast at it the op- Frobrtout epithe of boing a mere fig machine, THE MODEL TURREY SHIP OF THR BRITISH NAVY. | The great mode} of turret ships is tue Royal Sovereign, und se is now with the united squadrou at Plymoath, ‘With respect to her we are favored with very eurious information :— ‘Thi formidable engine of naval povely to have beer pisced at son fi tance from the othor ships, in Ure centre of the @ro squadrons, and there she Jay the whole time, without fring a gun or showing the lengt sign of hor langerous powers While | some were inclined to despise her us an unshapely craft, lying so low im the water that she could be easily ran down, others, ou the contrary, said that this would not be quite so eazy to accomplish over # veesel with such enor. mous breadth of beam, and were more disposed t aseert (hat if the Royal Sovereign wee au ene: contd tight the whole combined squa¢ or sinking half of them, steam out of the Sound victorious, Lhave heard the question, how # vessel of thie kind should be attacked, asked repeatedly of experienced oliicers, Well Roquainted with the tuotics of navel war- fare by steam, Bit ae h the difficulty of the problem was alwaye aAmitted Tht penaehl novign wae that could fee bourded and the fite-of the gts xteypeM by mounting | the lops of t present vonmeructed these are only covered by as {row grating, which would | of-* 20 obstacle to the Bourder. havmg the Bert chance against the men at the Hf the turret were a cupola, a» at first proposed, with « Homlsproo! iron top, the cage would be very different, and it would thon be only necese vary to turn the guns upon the boarders and sweep the decks with grape. But then thore comes in another re source of the boarders, which bas often been mentioned a refereuce to there turret slips, rod that i in wedging up the turrete between the edge of the deex and the side ot the turret, There ie certoiniy wothing provided.in the present tarret to prevent this being done, or al least no contrivance t0 make it impossible, although euch @ de sideratam does not seem to be beyond the skill of our mechaules. Another important potut in these abi which favors the mode of attack by boarding is that the ape being in tho centre of the ship, and the breadth of 6 ehip being go great, boats could Me alunguide in per- shelter, and eeize their opportunity for mounting the deek, which in action has no bulwarke, there boing made to cast over the side all around by means of hinges. On the other hand, |t remains to be sais (het the turret ship i wol! provided with murine artillery tor the protection of the vessel net thiv kind of excalade, Whethor this, with the riflemen of the marines, would be capable of defying a ‘Attempu at boarding, i# a question that must be left to the chancts of @ band-to-band ¢ncounter. INVOLNERADILITY OF TURRRTED VRSSELA, It would, indeed, be remarkable if there turret wb which, when: introduced, were expected to render Altogether obsolete individual aailoriy qualideatione, should prove invulneravle to everything but board: which nds upon dash and hand-to-hand bravery. But this was the teaching of tbe American war, and it will bo seen from the above extract that a minute In- vestigation of the Royal Sovereign's characteristion encourages thie belief. the Amorican experience ‘was acquired, however, considerable im ement have beon made ta the sailing proporiien. of vemcls of iis description; and besides ‘nls, Ge eee in being tried to perfect the mt di of ‘yn | operation | K.. suc re for pison which would ie to men attempe (are secmed pur- AMERICA THE GRRAT TRACICER, Tt will be seun from this how remarkable are the ad- vances which have been made in naval archttovinre; ‘and those who have followed the recent history of war fare must be aware to how great an extent this is owing to the teseons derived from the American war. The in- ventions which have been turned to account were not a again to Europe for com which we aro at present Placed with respect to naval architecture; and tt must be perfection pletion. This is the position in obviously the interest our government at once to ac- copt Ore at can be derived from any sours, pri 4 {0 obegrve with great closouess tho achieve. One can readily imagine » man © serve on ost a ablp like La. meats of other and of the America peat by our superior skill and Campy to that deyree Why Austria is Represonted at the Iron- clad Show. de naval ve foveal yong ence of Austrian sh pe st the naval! re jew iY MOWLo isto ve the areas ‘of the English and Proved fleeta of the character of «specific denon 4iat o® by we Western Powersacaiuat th» United States, The avi (on to Austria was sent from London, aud not from Pa ria, probabl; ‘@courteous consideration for the fee ings ‘of "the ‘Austrian Cour, The lialian flag will oe represented, and it is thought that Austria mi inte | Justly offended were ule invited by France, the provesvar Of Italy, to be present at the meeting. oo ' Seient telligenece, ‘The dectors specially devoted to the care af chatera Patients at Alexandria, Egypt, have tried a curious exper ment, the object of which Is to asceriain whether thatale = * ease is caused by a pcoullar aiate of the ouiward air, aamas been supposed. They sont up two balloons, one from a village as yot untainted by tho epidemic, and the other from Aloxandria. A-quarter of fresh beef was suspended 0 cach balloon, which was allowed to float for a certa Ume in the air. On making thosedmlioons descend the meat which bad floated over Aloxandria was complotely putrified, whereas that which had been suspended ovr the healthy village was perfectly frech. The quacus of beof had boen cut off the same aniinal, The authersy for this statement is L'Opinion Nationale, 1t records a@ important fact, worthy of serious attention. Glycerine, mixed wiki nitric acid, is boing used 4m Franoo as an oxplosivo agent with considerable aucqasa, It ts woll known that ink is a precipitate of gallate of. * tron mixed up and kept in augpension in gun emf water. As tho water evaporates the ink thi¢kons, amé, moreover, becomes mouldy owing to a sill proportion of organio mattor procecding from the gallnut, M. Me thieu Pletsy has got rid of these inconveniences by making a new kind of tuk wath pyrogallio avid and tae ? coloring matter derived from Brazil wood and other sorm of wood used in dyeing. This ink flows well, and never turns yellow on paper, Dr. Werner, physician to the factory of MM. Dolifas, at Mulhausen, treats wounds and sores @& every king with a liniment thus composed:—Strasburg turpentine, one 4housand grammes; bicarbonate of soda, twenty-Sve grammes; distilled water, tn litres, Digest for sis days in a water bath at a temperatufe not oxcecding seventy-five degrees, cent and filter, This is a son uf turpentine soap, much more soluble tu water than tum pentine itself, It evaporates but slowly and costa very fittlo, Most-wounds are cured fn one-third of the time required by other applications. Iu some cases the wound heals with extraordinary rapidity, but in all, its appear. ance Is healty and very little suppuration takes place—e vory important circumstance, sinoe it prevents the daa- { ger arising from purulent infection. Baker, the African traveller, has found another source for the Nilo, whose first ontrance into tho world gives more trouble to ascertain than the discovery of the com. mencemont of the root of an ancestral tree of a would ee great family. Mr. Bakor is quite sure that the Nile takes its rise in a lake. The Russian’ government bas tatély given up the working of its gold mines inthe Ural mountains, aad hee arranged for them to be worked by private enterprisa, Tho results of this change have been very remarkalte The quantity of metal extracted is now increased tenfold Large districts which have been’ abandoned as mot wert the cost of working are now worked at p large profit, The adventurers have also le considerable sums by gram ing working rights to ‘persons. M. Drouyn de Lhuys, the President of the French Ae climatization Society, has Just received from Viesoumt Brenier de Monmorand, ‘French Consul’ at Bhaughse, @ | specimen of the polypus known as tho vinegar plant) 3}. ts accompanied by a letter containing directions for' ite” uso, and ip which thé writer affirms that thé oxistenes ‘of this plant haw beon denied py travellers and soleatine ” men. M. de Monmorand appears not to be aware that 8 The following process of restoring the features: of @ dead body that has undergone putrofaction is‘ belagagy * plied with great success, The body is plaved ina waters tight shell; twenty pounds of common salt and one pound of hydrochloric acid are added to the water, and the imamnes sion is austained three hours. The body is then remeved, the face is washed with simple water:and then: wih chlorine water, and finally a current of chloride gas a passed freely over the face. The restoration of the fea- tures ts thus rendered so perfect that the body can be positively identified, / " Sungon, the French executioner, repeated agaia ‘am@ again that the amount of physical suffering from the fal. of the axe and the separation of the hedd from the Boag was oxceedingly small; that death was tostantaneouss that in the whole of his experignce he had never seem @ voluntary motion of the muscles after decapitation; theé tho stories of tho opening and closing of the eyelids after execiition were inventions contradicted by the whole ef his observations, without a Single example to the esa trary; that the extinction of feeling and of life followed the fatal evont immediately and, without « single exeqp tional case, reds BR i Dr. Daniell, the African traveller, died June 6, @ Southampton, England, ‘aged forty-seven years, am@ was buried at Kensal Green, July % Dr. Daniell wag well known to the scientific world by his labors and researches on the climate and productions the pestilential coast of Western Africa aed other parte the globe, He served the. whole of his time as assistem® surgeon at thp English settlements on the African coast, and obtained his promotion to the rank of staff surgeom in }853, since which he has twice been employed i the West Indies, ands accompanied the ‘Expeditionary Force’’ to China in 1860, where his love of his favorite pursuit, botany, led bim to make some additions to the flora of that interesting region—more especially of b fae new species of Tartary oak, which may at some future day furnish timber for a dockyard at Hong Kong. De, Daniell was a follow of the Royal College of ‘ and was also a fellow of the Geographical, Linnean Pharmaceutical Societies, to which he was a contributes of numerous valuable and scientific papers, He was well acquayhted with the native languages of many 6 the African tribes, with some knowledge ‘of Arabic, and in 1849 published a volume on the medical topography aud natives languages of the Gulf of Guinea, In a recent paper addressed to the French Academy of Sciences, M. Lartigue endeavors to cast a clearer light ew the origin of storma He defines whirlwinds by saying that they ere impetuous winds that turn; herb canes or revolving storms he regards as whirlwinds of @ lerger diameter; storma as violent winds which, after blowing for some time in # given dimotion, suddenly change It; strong gales as violent winds wh\uh change thet direction but Little, As for cyclones, they are not alwayp “whirlwinds, but the latter are slways real cyclones From his observations in certain parts of the world, am® | from thoge of a great number of navigators, M, Lartiges | bas arrived at the conciusion that there are not mere than four principe) currents of air in the two hemi» | pheres, via: From north to northeast; from north te northwest; from south (© aoatheast, and from south te southwest, ‘fhe winds whieh blow nearer to east thas the northeast and southeast are produced by the iufuence which these winds exercise over each othes, and by the configuration of the soil, which often favers the exit of the air westwards; and the same is, mutatie mutandis, the caso with the othor winds, Whenthe ‘ 1 ” towards the equator; bat if they meet with the tropient winds in either direction, they modify their course as above stated. The hurricanes and tempests lesting@ certain Yength of time, and extending over « large surfses, are occasioned by the reupective meeting of the poles and tropical winda When there is no tempest these Andmay then form whirlwinds; but when they are they Vend to approach the earth, and then, if they causs whirlwinds—which case only oocure in the most violent tempesta—their diameter is vory emall, and they last omy s hors time, ‘The whirlwinds which coustitute burt canes oF revolving tempesta are Oret formed in the uppes regions of the hemiaphere. It is easy to foresee the trast ‘ burricane will follow im those regions of the globe where the direction of the wind is nearly constant am@ well known; but im those regions where this is not the Vinoita Toaacoo.—We learn from partie \ that the quantity of \obneco Raliroad is very and great quantities aw Beveral years past aro Pusett oF Li winds modify their directions, and become, according